CN1663197A - Method and communication station for transmitting data - Google Patents

Method and communication station for transmitting data Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1663197A
CN1663197A CN038146010A CN03814601A CN1663197A CN 1663197 A CN1663197 A CN 1663197A CN 038146010 A CN038146010 A CN 038146010A CN 03814601 A CN03814601 A CN 03814601A CN 1663197 A CN1663197 A CN 1663197A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
data
relay station
station
reception
receiving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN038146010A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
J·埃欣格尔
T·吉贝尔
M·兰珀
H·罗林
E·舒尔茨
W·茨尔瓦斯
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Nokia Solutions and Networks GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2002127852 external-priority patent/DE10227852A1/en
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of CN1663197A publication Critical patent/CN1663197A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath
    • H04L45/243—Multipath using M+N parallel active paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0097—Relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the error-monitored transmission of data (D) via interfaces (V11, V13, V21, V23) of a multi-step communication system, in which said data is transmitted from a transmitter station (SS) to a data-receiving station (RS) via at least two relay stations which are connected therebetween and receive and further transmit the data parallel to each other, whereupon the data is retransmitted if the transmission has been insufficient due to a request from the receiver end and/or due to the lack of a confirmation (ACK) from the receiver end. In order to increase performance while reducing power consumption of the system, the request or confirmation is generated only by the receiver station and is sent back to the transmitter station. The relay stations consequently do not generate any confirmations or requests.

Description

The method and the communication station of transmission data
The present invention relates to a kind of parallel interface of passing through multi-hop communication system method of error surveillance style transmission data, or relate to the communication station of a kind of like this method of enforcement with claim 1 preamble feature.
(being referred to as the Multi-Hop communication system) in multi-hop communication system, is not to be exactly intermediate station or relay station transmission data by a plurality of switchings by intermediate station or relay station directly from a cell site to nearest receiving station yet.Except that relay station transmission data by unique switching, also can be by latter linked relay station transmission data before a plurality of, this also is referred to as multi-hop.In addition, particularly at shared wave network (SFN: single frequency network) in the communication system, one and same class signal and thus one and same class data all can simultaneously or seldom receive on time shift ground by a plurality of relay stations, and jointly, also promptly simultaneously or quite weak point time shift and directly be transferred to receiving station or be transferred to another relay station in the same frequency mode.At this, in relay station, can adopt the pre-emphasis method or the method for postemphasising, to raise the efficiency.Carry out transfer of data for ensureing error freely, from then on type or other communication system in, just use known error identification method and error correction method itself, for example request repeats to transmit original or data updated grouping (ARQ: automatic repeat request) automatically.Knownly also use a kind of so-called cyclic redundancy check (CRC: cyclic redundancy check (CRC)).At this, these methods all can be applied concerning each single transmission again, also promptly to each transmission of the adjacent relay station from cell site to, each transmission and each transmission from a relay station to receiving station from a relay station to another relay station.Though these measures have ensured that data arrive receiving station by path as much as possible as far as possible error freely, shortcoming is the relevant therewith high and time cost height of calculating cost.In addition, the energy consumption height is also relevant with this method and measure, because on the one hand in relay station the data that receive are taken apart grouping, decoding and check, and request is sent again or recompile and forwarding are all consumed energy, and repeats to transmit the packet of launching again at last and consume energy equally.
Task of the present invention is, improves one's methods and transmits data with the parallel interface by multi-hop communication system with the error surveillance style, and the processing cost that particularly faces whole system is improved one's methods, and the communication station that implements a kind of like this method is adopted in suggestion.
This task can be used the described feature of claim 1, and the parallel interface by multi-hop communication system is with the method for error surveillance style transmission data, or solves with a communication station of the described feature of claim 9.
Embodiment preferred is the content of dependent claims.
By only by receiving station, also be that last station produces and carries out the affirmation or the request of transfer of data again in the usually said chain, this station also must only monitor the data that receive with the satisfactory quality of reception.When the satisfactory quality of reception of identification, this station also has only the affirmation or the request of launching a generation like this towards the direction at the station of original emission data.Affirmation or the request that the data that receive or switching receive that under the simplest situation, only be used for transferring of the middle relay station that connects.Correspondingly can cancel the check of switching reception data in relay station under this simple situation, this just makes switching fast and less energy consumption become possibility.
A relay station, the data that it receives for switching, check quality of reception deficiency, and do not transfer or transfer relevant therewith data, or keep or disconnect this data communication connecting according to this quality of reception, though this relay station needs energy and needs check to receive the time of data, carries out the last same energy of saving of transfer of data again by interrupting switching and request.Owing in such communication system, transmit the data of former emission by many parallel data paths, so just there is a sufficiently high probability, promptly under the situation that realizes under the situation that occurs data loss on the transmission path and subsequently to the deexcitation of this data path, although former data are by at least one or many other parallel transmission paths, but the station, destination or the receiving station of anticipation have been arrived.Thus, preferred a kind of communication system or a kind of method and measure, wherein only by relay station transmission data, this relay station meets the requirements well or receives data with being enough to satisfactory free from error mode.
When the preferred relay station data of receiving that judge whether independently to transfer have an enough good quality, so that preferred a kind of method and measure is wanted in switching during this period especially, wherein for judging the information that also will consider the relay station on the parallel transmission path.If the notice of relay station on parallel path, it well available or in high quality the data that receive of substitute mode transmit possible or even poor the data that receive of the transmission of then notifying this relay station that walks abreast need not add.This is intersected with each other when parallel data path or can be received the data of the switching of other relay station in its surrounding environment by each relay station.
Can preferably use many own known error correction method or error identification methods in relay station, wherein this method only is used for discerning the quality of the reception data that need switching, but is not to be used for discerning emission again to ask under the situation of quality of reception difference.
Particularly preferably in using such method in the communication system, wherein different cell sites and receiving station and relay station all communicate contact with a unique frequency.These conditions are present in decentralized configuration especially also is in the self-built communication network, to be typical as these conditions to special communication system.
Stack and the common data that receive with stack ground by different parallel paths of handling in a preferred manner in the receiving station of receiving end so that can obtain another quality improvement by the mean value formation of adding up or the like parallelly.
Particularly in relay station concerning the switching data relevant with condition, can obtain a high aggregate date rate, also i.e. high reproduction quality in receiving end, mode is the data that can receive by receiving end in the sum of the being notified improvement of having improved quality.
The communication station that implements a kind of like this method may be a cell site, a receiving station or a relay station, but also may be to have 2 kinds or whole 3 kinds of functions to merge the ground mode.Such communication station has transmitter, also has an analytical equipment according to its purpose except that receiving, and this analytical equipment may be the part of the control appliance in station own, and it is used for analyzing the data of reception according to its quality of reception design.
To describe in detail this described embodiment and improvement project with regard to accompanying drawing below.Among the figure:
Fig. 1 shows to have with the form of block diagram and a plurality ofly connects the communication system at the station that communicates contact by parallel data communication, and
Fig. 2 shows the different approach of the data of handling the switching reception in relay station with the form of block diagram.
See from Fig. 1 that as this communication system MHSFN as an example has many stations of leading to each other.What for example represent as communication system is a kind of multistage or multi-hop (MH) communication system, and this multistage or multi-hop (MH) communication system constitutes shared ripple radio net (SFN: single frequency network).But the transmission on other communication system, the particularly transmission on personal communication system but are possible.
Demonstrate a kind of situation, D to RS of receiving station of one of them SS of cell site emission data.At this, suppose that the distance between a SS of cell site and the RS of receiving station is so big, so that directly to transmit be impossible by directly communicating to connect between these two kinds of stations.The SS of cell site launches its data D to different group through-connection stations by a plurality of communication interface V11, V12, V13, and these different group through-connection stations are referred to as relay station HS1, HS2, HS3 below for the purpose of the simple differentiation.Relay station HS1, HS2, HS3 for example go up at the data head (header) of the packet that receives and just can identify, the reception data D that needs switching that refers to, and this data D that receives also promptly transferred according to the direction of receiving station by other communication interface V21, V23 according to the direction at station, destination.Preferred communication interface V11, V12, V13, V21, V23 are wave points, and these interfaces are all used identical or unique frequency is carried out work.Be in the situation in the transmitting boundary of relay station HS1, HS3 already for the RS of receiving station, the reception data D that then need transfer can directly be transferred to the RS of receiving station.Can realize transmission by the relay station that connects in the middle of other in other cases.
After receiving data D, test by the RS of receiving station, whether be enough to receive these data error freely.Use common known error identification own and error correction method such as ARQ and/or CRC for check.According to a kind of like this analysis, one of the RS of receiving station emission is about being enough to the affirmation ACK of the satisfactory quality of reception, and/or launch one on the direction of the former SS of cell site about transmission again or upgrade the request of the data D of the former emission of transmission.Confirm that ACK or request can connect by direct communication again or many parallel communicate to connect V21, V11, V23, V13, V22, V12 transmit under the situation of relay station HS1, HS2, HS3 switching.The SS of cell site decides to send new data D or new packet on affirmation ACK and request below, or impels repeatedly to send with upgrading selectively and send former data.
The data D that receives for switching in relay station HS1, HS2, HS3 in a preferred manner according to embodiment preferred can not check simply under the ground situation and just transfer, and should test according to the quality or the quality of data that receive before switching.If relay station HS2 determines that the quality of data of the data D that switching receives can not meet the requirements, or these data D receives error arranged, and then relay station HS2 does not just set up the V22 that communicates to connect that switching receives data D.Thus, corresponding data path V12, V22 interrupt, and setting up this data path V12, V22 is exactly to pass through the second relay station HS2 to the RS of receiving station from the SS of cell site originally.Particularly the second relay station HS2 also impels and does not transmit original again or upgrade original data D.
In the relay station HS1-HS3 of transfer, except that receiving equipment R and transmitter S and the common control appliance and memory that requires to be used to operate, also correspondingly provide the check switching to receive the equipment and the function of data.Particularly this is provided analytical equipment A, this analytical equipment A is the part of the central control equipment of relay station HS1-HS3.
Other equipment and/or function are used for implementing preemphasis or the method for postemphasising in a preferred manner, for example can make the stack of the signal of design arrive the RS of receiving station and arrive other the relay station that carries out transfer selectively by this kind method.For example known method of use itself such as phase place or etc. gain, high specific or selection distortion.It all is possible also having merging or expansion and other pre-emphasis technique.
According to another embodiment, the communication of using different relay station HS2, HS3 also is possible each other.Also can communicate by corresponding interface VH, this interface VH can preferably constitute wave point, but also can constitute the interface that circuit connects in principle.Therefore, can transmit about switching receive data D's or about the information of its quality of reception.So just may, make the 3rd relay station HS3 transmit this true second relay station HS of giving with a good quality of reception later at reception data D, this second relay station HS receives this same data D concurrently as parallel station, and the very poor quality of reception receives but this has.In such a case, relay station HS can stop the data D that transfers and transferred with the very poor quality of reception, because can transmit the same data D with the quality of transferring preferably by parallel data path SS-HS3-RS.
In general, in relay station HS1-HS3, can carry out data processing to the data that switching receives before the switching.At this, the type that continues to handle with switching or forwarding can be lower than different parameters.For example can be at the input analytical calculation signal to noise ratio (snr) of the relay station HS1-HS3 of transfer.Also may determine the quantity of the correct bit in viterbi decoder, or consider the result of cyclic redundancy check (CRC).As treatment technology, preferred balanced especially and amplify the method for the signal that switching receives and do not carry out another kind of additional demodulation.Receive in the relay station HS1-HS3 of data in the check switching, receive data D and separate mediation decoding by rights, so that can carry out actual analysis.The not only data D of Fen Xiing or packet recompile and modulation, the embodiment of transferring immediately is possible, and the data D that the former switching of preservation receives in buffer, if so that double data set demodulation, decoding and analysis metapedes be considered as the switching, then transfer in indeclinable mode from buffer, such embodiment also is possible.When the station that receives data D is not station, destination and just during a relay station, but the method that packet error or that be not enough to receive is arranged is transmitted in deexcitation again in a preferred manner.
In the scope of transmitting or transferring, except that recompile and modulating data D or packet, also may carry out preemphasis.Particularly, postemphasising, amplifying and even after the preemphasis, the signal that receives or the data D of reception can transfer.
It is possible not only using in centralized but also network that disperseing or self-built mode is set up in principle.Between each station, particularly the described parameter of exchange beginning can especially preferably be used between the relay station on the parallel data path, as these as described in the article beginning.But, can only use employed parameter in oneself station for analyzing also, for example by own with regard to known error identification and error correction method.At this, the use of error correction method can be only limited to the part of error identification under the situation of switching relay station, wherein only under the situation that this is not needed transmit again, use error correcting section, but the parallel data communication of the transmission of data by sufficient amount connects and can be protected.Same situation also is applicable to the error identification method, and this error identification method preferably is limited under the situation of relay station in the identification that is used in error having, and wherein will stop corresponding error identification notice.
Between the adjacent station, particularly under the signal intelligence between relay station HS2, the HS3, can only analysis result directly be transferred to adjacent station on the one hand, but, also may between adjacent like this station, adopt negotiation or consult analysis result or result of calculation, adjacent like this station can judge for finishing such negotiation, the station HS3 switching data of consulting by which.
Fig. 2 is used for the different modified model schemes of caption illustrated embodiment.At this, focus on the structure of analysis calculation method.Can suppose that in simple terms for example only use unique a kind of parameter, this parameter is a kind of result of cyclic redundancy check.In addition, in simple case, can separate mediation fully and be decoded as the basis with the signal that on intermediate station or relay station HS1-HS3, receives.At this, in 2 jumping SFN communication systems,, wherein implement end-to-end the communicating to connect of error correction ARQ based on error correction method.Error correction as it concerning single the communicating to connect itself all be known, can select according to the scheme of now stating.Thus, former station SS do not receive affirmation to data or packet, and these data or packet are correctly received by the relay station HS1-HS3 of transfer.Correspondingly not separated to first safeties of jumping.Have only the RS of receiving station to confirm correctly to receive grouping, lacking when confirming thus, repeatedly transmit by the SS of cell site and have a grouping that lacks confirmation of receipt.
For the relay station HS of transfer, have the various possibilities of deal with data D or packet.According to simple especially embodiment a), in relay station HS, can carry out unconditional switching.At this, the packet that receives of may transferring has the Signal-to-Noise of error or switching very poor.Just remove the calculating parameter or the like that disappeared in this case.
Therefore, that preferably combine with condition or with condition relevant switching b) the data D that receives.These conditions can be each other irrespectively carried out analytical calculation in single different parallel relay station HS or by the information of all or a plurality of relay station HS2, HS3 that lead to each other.Correspondingly also have 2 kinds of modified model schemes.At better simply situation c) in, only transferring receives the station inner analysis of data D.If analyze data the enough good quality of data is arranged, then can impel direction switching to the RS of receiving station.If the quality of data does not reach requirement, then can stop direction switching to the RS of receiving station.Also available preferred mode stops to answer to be confirmed or request transmission again.
According to other embodiment d), can carry out according to second with the 3rd relay station HS2, HS3 is described communicates by letter, the at least the second relay station HS2 visit information of another the 3rd relay station HS3 at least wherein judges so that can not receive data D according to the situation of its switching best according to possible mode.
In wonderful mode, in addition preferably unconditionally transfer a) data D with analyze irrelevant and thus in relay station HS with meet the requirements or the not satisfactory quality of reception irrelevant.If with all data path SS-HS1-RS; SS-HS2-RS; SS-HS3-RS has an about identical average packet-error-rate PER 0Be basis, the just in time n relay station of the relay station of K parallel setting altogether then, but can correctly receive the probability make-up formula of a packet of having launched, as follows:
p ( n ) = K n · ( 1 - PER 0 ) n · PER 0 K - n .
The correct average that receives and correspondingly transmit therewith the relay station of grouping or data is calculated as follows;
E ( n ) = Σ n = 0 K n · p ( n ) ≈ ( 1 - PER 0 ) · K .
During all K intermediate station is launched in the SFN communication system when unconditionally transferring jointly, under the situation of the switching relevant, also promptly in relay station HS1-HS3, analyze under the situation of the quality of reception that receives data D, have only the data path SS-HS1-RS of data D by lesser amt according to embodiment preferred with condition; SS-HS3-RS arrives receiving station.Thus, under the transit case relevant with condition, the received power of the RS of receiving station than passing through all relay stations under the situation of unconditional call forwarding data D, may be less by contrast.But under situation about being stoped, the data D that the RS of receiving station receives has a higher data quality or less signal to noise ratio, so that may all write down the improvement of the quality of data with transferring top.

Claims (9)

1, the method for transmission data (D) in a communication system (MHSFN), wherein
(SS) is transferred to the receiving station (RS) that receives data (D) to-data (D) from the cell site by at least 2 relay stations (HS1, HS2, HS) that receive data and switching data respectively, and
-data (D) when being not enough to pass transmission, can be transmitted under request and/or the situation according to the affirmation that lacks receiving end (ACK) according to receiving end again,
It is characterized in that,
Request or confirm that (ACK) only produced by receiving station (RS), and return and be transmitted into cell site (SS).
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, wherein
At least a relay station of relay station (HS2) can be checked the reception data (D) that are not enough to receive, and data (D) are under the situation relevant with assay, perhaps do not transfer or transfer, and/or under the situation relevant with assay, need not ask again in cell site (SS), the data communication that just can interrupt being communicated with by relay station (HS2) connects (V22).
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described methods, wherein
Relay station transmission data (D) of the relay station (HS1, HS3) by receiving data (D) well enough only.
4, according to claim 2 or 3 described methods, wherein
, meet the requirements or undesirable data before in the relay station at relay station (HS2, HS3) at least in reception data (D) that switching receives, can use error correction method (ARQ, CRC) or error identification method for identification receives.
5, according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, wherein
At least in a relay station (HS2), under relevant with the quality of reception of self and relevant situation, implement or do not implement to receive data (D) to be transferred at least one parallel relay station (HS3) with reception quality information.
6, according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, wherein
Cell site (SS), receiving station (RS) and at least the part of relay station (HS1-HS3) all belong to a communication system (MHSFN) that communicates contact with single-frequency.
7, according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, wherein
By different relay station (HS1; HS2; HS3) switching data (D) are realized in the parallel path of the difference of Gou Chenging, wherein data (D) in relay station, handle, particularly distortion and/or correction, decoding and/or coding.
8, according to one of aforesaid right requirement described method, wherein
Receive the data of transmitting by different paths concurrently (D) on receiving end stack ground, and handle jointly.
9, implement the communication station (RS, SS, HS1, HS2, HS3) of described method according to claim 1, wherein
A communication station that constitutes relay station (HS1-HS3) has
The data (D) that-one receiving equipment (R) need be transferred with reception,
-one analytical equipment (A) to be analyzing these data (D) according to its quality of reception, and
-one transmitter (S) is with the data (D) of transferring under the situation relevant with the result in the analytical equipment.
CN038146010A 2002-06-21 2003-06-16 Method and communication station for transmitting data Pending CN1663197A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002127852 DE10227852A1 (en) 2002-06-21 2002-06-21 Data transmission method involves sending data again if inadequate transmission occurs using request or acknowledgement only generated by receiving station and returned to sending station
EP02013827 2002-06-21
EP02013827.7 2002-06-21
DE10227852.0 2002-06-21

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AT (1) ATE317190T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003238507A1 (en)
DE (1) DE50302345D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2253677T3 (en)
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US20050272366A1 (en) 2005-12-08
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