CN1657924A - In site precision measuring method for temp. of material and application in researching of material deformation - Google Patents
In site precision measuring method for temp. of material and application in researching of material deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1657924A CN1657924A CN 200410021157 CN200410021157A CN1657924A CN 1657924 A CN1657924 A CN 1657924A CN 200410021157 CN200410021157 CN 200410021157 CN 200410021157 A CN200410021157 A CN 200410021157A CN 1657924 A CN1657924 A CN 1657924A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material temperature original position fine measurement which features that transmit the heat into corresponding electric resistance with the heat sensitive electric resistance and acquire its value by digital electric resistance measure apparatus. Previously mark the corresponding relations between the resistance and the temperature from 5 deg. C to 50 deg. C; collect the value of the resistance and corresponding time so to obtain a curved line. The advantages of the method are high sensitivity and temperature resolution (higher than 0.001 deg. C), and an effective way for monitoring the changes of the sample while researching the fatigue process and its principles, it is capable of monitoring the change of the sample construction deformation with the temperature alter curved line providing the fatigue research in energy method with quantified experiment results, researching the phase transition action or other situation which needs to fast and exactly measure the temperature.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the measuring method of material temperature.
Background technology:
The development of The modern industry makes people recognize the significance of fatigue study more.Along with people to the going deep into of fatigue study, people more and more need to develop new research means.In the process of sample deformation, because in-fighting, outside mechanical work is converted into the interior energy of sample, the temperature of sample can raise and (see Hill R, M.A., Ph.D (Can TaB.), the Mathematic Theory of Plasticity.OxfordUniversity Press, 1950.).For the material that is under the pulsating stress, because stress-strain diagram weekly has hysteresis loop, the size of the area of hysteresis loop just is equivalent to be converted into the part of heat energy and (sees LagodaT, Intern.J.Fatigue, 2001; 23:467), the temperature of sample will be therefore different with the temperature of environment.But up to the present, also there is not work that the variation of temperature of some modal materials sample in tired and deformation process is measured exactly.Work Tobushi H was once arranged, Nakahara T, Shimeno Y, Hashimoto T, J.Eng.Mater.Tech.Trans.ASME, 2000; 122:186, Tobushi H, Takata K, Shimeno Y, Nowacki WK, Gadaj SP, Proceedings oftheIinstitution of Mechanical Engineers Part l-Journal of Materials-Design andApplications, 1999; 213 (L2): 93 and Tobushi H, Hachisuka T, Hashimoto T, Yamada S, J.Eng.Mater.Tech.Trans.ASME, 1998; Measured the temperature variation of in shape-memory alloy wire rotoflector fatigue process sample at 120 (1): 64, and the temperature that draws sample can be than the temperature height of environment, and this temperature difference is with strain amplitude, the variation of frequency etc. and changing.But because marmem is obviously different with the stress-strain diagram of common materials, under identical overall strain condition, the area of the hysteresis loop of the pulsating stress strain curve of hyperelastic marmem little many than in the common materials, the more important thing is, the distortion of hyperelastic marmem is carried by stress-induced martensite phase transformation and reverse transformation, martensite phase transformation and reverse transformation process belong to first order phase change, the release that is attended by latent heat in the process of phase transformation (is seen Feng D.Metallic Physics.Vol.2.PhaseTransformation.Beijing:Science Press, 1998 (Feng Duan, metal physics, the second volume phase transformation, Science Press, 1998)), and what take place in the ordinary metallic material is sliding deformation, the mechanism of distortion is obviously different, therefore can not be used for common metal material distortion to the measurement result of the temperature variation that obtains from the TiNi marmem.
For general material, in the process of fatigue, the variation of the specimen temperature that cyclic deformation causes can be ignored the influence of fatigue of materials behavior, because under general situation, the temperature of environment falls far short with causing material generation intensity significant change or the temperature that changes mutually, and the temperature variation of the caused sample of fatigue and cyclic is not enough to have influence on the mechanical property of sample.But in some cases, specimen temperature changes the influence to mechanical property and fatigue behaviour in the time of just must considering cyclic deformation, and for example: for low-melting material, the temperature variation in several years may cause that also sample intensity is than obvious variation; For common marmem, because their phase transition temperature is just near room temperature, and their HYSTERESIS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE is little, usually have only tens degree, therefore near less temperature variation room temperature, the very big change such as intensity, ess-strain response, fatigue behaviour that will cause sample (is seen the boat Kubo, prosperous health work. Qian Dongfan is translated. the Zuo Tieyong school. marmem. first published: China Machine Press, 1992.66), therefore just need to consider that the temperature variation of material in the deformation process is to effect of material performance.Under the bigger situation of strain amplitude, the temperature of sample may have very big difference with environment in addition, at this moment also must consider the true temperature of sample.
Under stress, the temperature variation that causes when sample deforms has reflected the conversion between the different-energy form in fatigue process, it is the transformation of energy of elastic-plastic strain energy thermotropism, the variation of sample internal organizational structure in the fatigue process, the variation of dislocation desity and configuration etc. all may make the conversion of this energy change, the variation of sample inner tissue structure during therefore along with different circulation cycle, the temperature waveform of sample also can change in each all loading procedure, therefore study the Changing Pattern of this temperature waveform, help in time, the structural change that is taken place in the understanding sample of original position, thereby understand the accumulation degree of fatigue damage, have important theory and practical application meaning.But in common fatigue experiment, the temperature variation of sample is very little, temperature fluctuation in each week is very little especially, original position, the waveform of measuring the temperature variation of sample in the CYCLIC LOADING process exactly have certain difficulty, and this method is used for the research work of fatigue process and does not also carry out.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of precision measurement method of temperature, its precision can be less than 0.001 ℃, is particularly useful for real-time, in site measurement material surface temperature variation in fatigue process.
The invention provides a kind of original position precision measurement method of material temperature, it is characterized in that: the temperature inversion of sample is become corresponding resistance with the thermistor of sticker on sample; Record resistance value with digital resistance measurement instrument, in advance the corresponding relation of resistance value and temperature is demarcated, the temperature range of demarcation is 5～50 ℃; With computer acquisition resistance value and corresponding time, thereby obtain temperature variation curve.
Glue described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention can be very soft glue after solidifying, and when sample deformed, because silicon rubber is very soft, and thermistor had certain rigid, so thermistor can be with sample deformation.
The temperature variation of glue described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention when identical deflection compared much smaller than the temperature variation of metal material, so that can ignore the glue influence of temperature variation.
Glue described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention is preferably 704 silicon rubber.
The thickness of thermistor is preferably 0.1～0.5mm described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention, to reduce thermometric hysteresis.
Thermistor described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention is preferably dimensioned to be (0.5～0.8) * (0.1～0.3) mm, by adopting big sample sectional area, make the temperature probe microminiaturization as far as possible, to increase the thermal capacitance of material sample, reduce the thermal capacitance of temperature probe, make thermometric degree probe reach identical temperature with sample.
Thermistor described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention carries out plastic packaging before stickup.
Digital resistance measurement instrument described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention can be selected Keithley 2001 type precision digital multimeters for use.
Resistance value described in the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention comprises the resistance that the resistance of thermistor, other resistance in the metering circuit and thermoelectrical potential etc. cause, also comprised the resistance in the metering circuit in the curve of being demarcated, and because the influence to measuring resistance that factors such as thermoelectrical potential produce just can draw measured temperature value by the curve of demarcating exactly from the resistance value of measuring.
The present invention also provides a kind of application of original position precision measurement method in material deformation research of material temperature, and it is characterized in that: measured piece is the sample of torture test.
The advantage of the original position precision measurement method of material temperature provided by the invention is: have very high sensitivity and temperature resolution, resolution can be higher than 0.001 ℃, is a kind of effective means of studying sample took place in the fatigue process variation monitoring and mechanism of fatigue research; Can be applicable to utilize the variation of institutional framework in the temperature waveform monitoring fatigue testing specimen, for providing quantitative experimental result with energy method research fatigue; Can study the transformation behavior of phase-change material; And other needs the occasion of quick, accurate thermometric.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the temperature variation curve (dotted line is represented stress wave) of X52 steel sample when micro-elastic is out of shape;
Fig. 2 is the temperature variation curve of X52 steel sample when 1～20 all circulating plastics are out of shape;
Fig. 3 is the temperature variation curve of X52 steel sample when 1～800 all circulating plastics are out of shape;
Fig. 4 is the temperature waveform of X52 steel sample under the 50th circulation cycle;
Fig. 5 is the temperature waveform of X52 steel sample under the 700th circulation cycle;
Fig. 6 is the temperature curve of TiNi marmem fatigue testing specimen under the different circulation cycles.
Embodiment:
The temperature variation of embodiment 1 common no phase-change material sample under the pulsating stress effect
Thermistor that will the thick 0.3mm of the wide 0.2mm of long 0.7mm with 704 silicon rubber is attached on the sample, with Keithley 2001 type precision digital multimeter measured resistance value, with computer data acquisition with the time obtains temperature variation curve accordingly.
Respectively a kind of common no phase-change material X52 steel temperature variation of sample when elasticity and the plastic yield is measured, the result is as follows:
The temperature variation of X52 steel sample when elastic deformation:
Variation such as Fig. 1 that the temperature of X52 steel sample when elastic deformation takes place takes place along with the size of external stress.As can be seen from the figure, during elastic stretching, the temperature of sample reduces, when stretching unloading, and the temperature retrieval of sample, and when elastic compression, the temperature of sample raises, and when the compression unloading, the temperature retrieval of sample.Under the Cyclic Stress of triangular wave control, the specimen temperature change curve of X52 steel also is triangular waveform during elastic deformation.In each Cyclic Stress in week, by the temperature that stretches and produce during the compression unloading reduce the temperature that produces when just being stretched unloading and compression raise compensated, therefore, in each week, the clean temperature variation of sample that is caused by elastic deformation is zero, sample is along with the variation of outside elastic stress, and temperature fluctuates near environment temperature.
As can be seen from Figure 1, the temperature of sample is along with loading waveform when 0.01 ℃ of amplitude fluctuation, can measure the waveform that specimen temperature changes in this small temperature range very accurately with said method, it is very little to measure noise, therefore, with this survey method of temperature, can measure the temperature variation of 0.001 ℃ (even littler), have very high measurement sensitivity.
The temperature variation of sample when the X52 steel is out of shape at circulating plastic:
The temperature variation curve of sample such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 when the X52 steel is out of shape at circulating plastic, as can be seen from Figure 2, when loading at the beginning, the medial temperature of sample continues to raise, in each all loading procedure, certain fluctuation takes place in the temperature of sample, and the amplitude of fluctuation and the sample temperature fluctuation range value when elastic deformation takes place is suitable, and the fluctuation that this temperature is described is because the elastic part in the cyclic deformation process causes.Because sample generation plastic yield shows hysteresis loop on the stress-strain diagram of symmetrical tension and compression, the energy consumption of this part mainly makes the temperature of sample raise, and therefore under the circulating plastic deformation condition, the temperature of sample constantly raises.Rising along with specimen temperature, the temperature difference of sample and environment constantly increases, sample also constantly increases to the speed of environment heat release, when sample to the speed of environment heat release with weekly in sample because the heat of plastic yield generation when suitable, the temperature of sample will remain on the metastable value
Because the speed of the temperature variation of the sample that is caused by the elastic deformation of sample and plastic yield is different, and, elastic deformation can cause that the temperature of sample raises and reduction, and plastic yield only can cause that specimen temperature raises, under different circulation cycles, because variation has taken place in the sample internal organizational structure, certain variation also can take place in the elasticity of sample and plastic yield behavior thereupon, can cause the variation of the temperature curve of sample, thereby from temperature curve, can infer the situation that elastic deformation and plastic yield take place in the sample, thereby infer the variation of sample inner tissue structure.
The measurement result of stress-strain diagram shows, pulsating stress strain-responsive in the 50th week and the 700th week is basic identical, both temperature curves then have tangible difference (seeing Figure 4 and 5), illustrate that variation had taken place the institutional framework in the sample when the 50th week was with the 700th week, it is the significant change that the variation of this institutional framework also is not enough to cause the ess-strain response, thereby the temperature variation curve of sample can reflect the changes in microstructure of sample more sensitively than pulsating stress strain-responsive in the explanation fatigue process, is a kind of good method of changes in microstructure in the sample of studying in the fatigue process.
The temperature variation of embodiment 2 TiNi marmems under the pulsating stress effect.
Thermistor that will the thick 0.2mm of the wide 0.3mm of long 0.8mm with 704 silicon rubber is attached on the sample, with Keithley 2001 type precision digital multimeter measured resistance value, with computer data acquisition with the time obtains temperature variation curve accordingly.
In marmem, because under stress, the stress-induced martensite phase transformation can take place in the sample, the temperature fluctuation of sample in each week is more much bigger than ordinary metallic material, therefore, can utilize this character of the latent heat of phase change of marmem stress-induced martensite phase transformation, utilize generation that measuring sample temperature accurately reaches stress-induced martensite phase transformation in the monitoring sample with and the purpose of the variation that takes place.
In experiment, we have write down respectively in Stress Control, σ
Max=300MPa, triangular wave, R=0, under the pulsating stress effect of f=0.5Hz, the temperature curve of sample is shown among Fig. 6 when the 10th week of marmem and the 10000th week.
At the maximal value place (corresponding to the maximum stress place) of temperature waveform, along with the increase of circulation cycle, specimen temperature raises and the speed of reduction slows down as can see from Figure 6.The speed that stress-induced martensite phase transformation and reverse transformation take place in the reduction of this rate temperature change explanation sample constantly reduces at the maximum stress place, illustrate that this moment, some stress was (the causing that because of elastic deformation the rate temperature change that the stress-induced phase transformation of speed ratio of temperature variation produced is much smaller) of being carried by martensitic elastic deformation.Thisly in the variation of supposition that maximum stress place part stress is carried by martensitic elastic deformation, be verified: along with the increase of circulation cycle at stress-strain diagram, the TiNi marmem is more and more steeper at the stress-strain diagram at maximum stress place, stress-strain diagram is straight, ess-strain when loading and unloading lags behind also more and more littler, and this is the feature of elastic deformation; Corresponding is, at the zero stress place, the slope ratio of temperature curve was much bigger during the 15th week when the 10000th week unloaded, explanation is near the zero stress place, unloaded in the 10000th week constantly and in the sample the comparatively fast stress-induced martensite reverse transformation of speed is taking place still, this point also can be mapped with the variation of stress-strain diagram.
From top analysis as can be seen, by analyzing the variation of marmem temperature curve under different circulation cycles, the variation that stress-induced transformation behavior took place in just can degree of deduction sample has continuously, the characteristics of original position, is the important method of the stress-induced transformation behavior of research.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of original position precision measurement method of material temperature is characterized in that: with the thermistor that sticks on the material sample temperature inversion of sample is become corresponding resistance; Record resistance value with digital resistance measurement instrument, in advance the corresponding relation of resistance value and temperature is demarcated, the temperature range of demarcation is 5～50 ℃; With computer acquisition resistance value and corresponding time, thereby obtain temperature variation curve.
2, according to the original position precision measurement method of the described material temperature of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described glue is very soft after curing, can not cause thermistor with sample deformation; Under the identical deflection, its temperature variation is compared much smaller than the temperature variation of metal material.
3, according to the original position precision measurement method of the described material temperature of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described glue is 704 silicon rubber.
4, according to the original position precision measurement method of the described material temperature of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described thermistor is 0.1～0.5mm.
5, according to the original position precision measurement method of the described material temperature of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described thermistor is of a size of long (0.5～0.8) * wide (0.1～0.3) mm.
6, according to the original position precision measurement method of the described material temperature of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described thermistor carried out plastic packaging before pasting.
7, according to the original position precision measurement method of the described material temperature of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measured resistance value comprises the resistance that the resistance of thermistor, other resistance in the metering circuit and thermoelectrical potential etc. cause.
8, according to the original position precision measurement method of the described material temperature of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described digital resistance measurement instrument is Keithley 2001 type precision digital multimeters.
9, the application of the original position precision measurement method of claim 1～3 and one of 6～8 described material temperature in material deformation research, it is characterized in that: measured piece is a fatigue test sample.
10, according to the application of original position precision measurement method in material deformation research of the described material temperature of claim 9, it is characterized in that: described thermistor is of a size of long (0.5～0.8) mm * wide (0.1～0.3) mm * thick (0.1～0.5) mm.
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| CN101818440A (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-01 | 海尔集团公司 | Air chamber cover with temperature sensor and washing machine with same |
| CN103961066A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-08-06 | 重庆融海超声医学工程研究中心有限公司 | Temperature measurement method and temperature measurement device |
| CN105350076A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-24 | 山西晶科光电材料有限公司 | Monitoring method for sapphire crystal growth temperature |
| CN105468905A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method and equipment for determining phase change behavior relevant parameter of mesomorphism grafting polymer |
| WO2017140007A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-24 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Rock stratum stress variation-temperature response monitoring device |
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Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4795884A (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1989-01-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for in-situ restoration of plantinum resistance thermometer calibration |
| US6039471A (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 2000-03-21 | Integrated Device Technology, Inc. | Device for simulating dissipation of thermal power by a board supporting an electronic component |
| CN1114170C (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2003-07-09 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Computerized real-time data acquisition and processing system |
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| CN101818440A (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-01 | 海尔集团公司 | Air chamber cover with temperature sensor and washing machine with same |
| CN103961066A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-08-06 | 重庆融海超声医学工程研究中心有限公司 | Temperature measurement method and temperature measurement device |
| CN103961066B (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2015-12-23 | 重庆融海超声医学工程研究中心有限公司 | A kind of temp measuring method and temperature measuring equipment |
| CN105350076A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-24 | 山西晶科光电材料有限公司 | Monitoring method for sapphire crystal growth temperature |
| CN105468905A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method and equipment for determining phase change behavior relevant parameter of mesomorphism grafting polymer |
| WO2017140007A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-24 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Rock stratum stress variation-temperature response monitoring device |
| US10114147B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2018-10-30 | South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Device for monitoring temperature response to stress change in strata |
| CN111780894A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-16 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Real-time tracking measurement method for stable thermal power of radioactive sample |
| CN111780894B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-06-29 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Real-time tracking measurement method for stable thermal power of radioactive sample |
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