Conic four-piece reciprocating pin scewrod extruder
Technical field
The present invention relates to extrusion equipment and make the field, especially relate to a kind of extrusion system of Reciprocating Pin Twin-Screw Extruder.
Background technology
Reciprocating Pin Twin-Screw Extruder is through years of development and improvement, and is high and to shearing and when adding thermo-responsive material in the mixing quality of processing request, has low-pressure, lowly shears, the advantage of low temperature rise and high mixing quality, thereby be used widely." Reciprocating Pin Twin-Screw Extruder design principle " literary composition that 2002 the 16th volumes of " Chinese plastics " magazine the 1st phase 70-73 page or leaf is delivered is described in detail the structure of this extruder.Reciprocating Pin Twin-Screw Extruder mainly is made up of motor, transmission system, extrusion system, charging system and accessory system, and wherein the part of most critical is an extrusion system.The extrusion system of Reciprocating Pin Twin-Screw Extruder mainly is made up of machine barrel, screw rod and pin, and machine barrel is made up of perforate of many groups and closed pore cylindrical shell, and cylindrical shell is a dissection type, can open fast and clean, debugs and overhaul.Along machine barrel pin is installed according to certain rules axially, these pins can be adjusted and change.Most pins are to exist as strong mixer, and minority hollow pin is used for sensor installation or inject liquid component via it in machine barrel; The pin that also has is bareheaded, just to the fixedly effect of barrel liner.Mandrel is a hollow at certain position, so that feed medium screw rod is carried out temperature control.Screw rod is made up of different screwing elements, and these screwing elements become building block system to be enclosed within on the mandrel, and the screw thread on it is all discontinuous, and different screwing elements is also inequality along the number of times that circumferentially disconnects: carry screw thread whenever to circle, thread interruption once; Mediate screwing element and whenever circle thread interruption three times.The spiral shell rib of this " three sea whelks " structure disconnects groove and becomes " one " font to arrange vertically, that is each spiral shell rib disconnects groove and interconnects, and therefore leakage current and turbulent condition can occur inevitably, if it is too big to disconnect area, material backflows and may compare seriously, extrudes output to such an extent as to reduce greatly.
The general at present transmission system that adopts band to wave case of the transmission system of Reciprocating Pin Twin-Screw Extruder, this class transmission system is by gear-box and wave case two parts and form, gear links to each other by main shaft with wabbler mechanism, wabbler mechanism moved reciprocatingly main shaft when the gear driven main shaft rotated, by spline this compound motion is passed to the screw rod of extrusion system, thereby realize the rotation and the reciprocating motion of screw rod.
Utility model patent ZL02227607.6 discloses a kind of reciprocating screw and has extruded structure, comprise machine barrel, screw rod, pin, screw rod is installed in the machine barrel, pin is installed in the machine barrel sleeve inner surface relative with screw rod spiral shell rib, the spiral shell rib of screw rod is provided with the disconnection groove, and the disconnection groove of front and back spiral shell rib staggers mutually.Though the screw rod of this kind structure has reduced the leakage current amount, because the external diameter of the outer spiral shell rib of screw rod is cylindrical, screw rod is identical with barrel diameter, and compression ratio and volumetric ratio are all smaller, and the choked flow phenomenon takes place material easily when extruding, and causes mobile decline, and conveying capacity reduces.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of novel structure, material fluid stable, extrusion efficiency height, conic four-piece reciprocating pin scewrod extruder that the scope of application is extensive.
A kind of conic four-piece reciprocating pin scewrod extruder comprises extrusion system and transmission system, and extrusion system comprises screw rod, machine barrel, pin, and screw rod is installed in the machine barrel, is made up of anterior extruding zone, middle part mixer and rear portion feeding section; Pin is installed in the machine barrel inner surface relative with screw rod spiral shell rib; It is characterized in that: described screw rod is pre-small post-large conical screw, and the spiral shell rib of screw rod extruding zone and mixer periodically is divided into four sea whelks and is staggered along the circumference lead angle; The pin passage is made in space in the middle of per two sea whelks; Described machine barrel is the side direction dissection type, and the left and right side machine barrel can rotate to an angle respectively by the desktop holder jointed shaft after unscrewing trip bolt; Described transmission system comprises transmission case, transmission case comprises power shaft, gear train, oblique angle wheel, connecting rod and swinging axle, the oblique angle wheel is inclined to certain angle with swinging axle and drivening rod rotates, rotate by the gear set drive swinging axle, drive oblique angle crop rotation circular motion simultaneously, the restriction that the oblique angle wheel is subjected to the connecting rod free degree reacts on swinging axle, forces swinging axle to make periodic shift reciprocately; The swinging axle of transmission system is connected with the screw rod of extrusion system by adpting flange, and screw rod whenever rotates a circle and makes forward and backward shift reciprocately simultaneously respectively once.
Described conical screw is that spiral shell rib external diameter is the biconial four sea whelk screw rods that the male-tapered four sea whelk screw rods of taper or spiral shell rib top external diameter and spiral shell rib bottom internal diameter are taper.
Described conical screw is that the spiral shell rib of whole several pitch for taper or screw rod of the spiral shell rib part of screw rod is taper.
Described conical screw is that overall structure or screw rod extruding zone and mixer are made of mandrel and swivel nut.
The spiral shell rib of described conical screw is made up of the helix of multi-head spiral line or different pitch.
The sea whelk that the spiral shell rib of the feeding section of described conical screw is cut into by the pitch of extruding zone is 1-3.
Described machine barrel is that overall structure or partial portion edge are pieced together lining tile, and machine barrel is provided with the heating and cooling duct.
Described pin is separately fixed at the inwall of and arranged on left and right sides machine barrel, and axially apportion becomes four rows, radially distributes by 90 ° of angular spacings.
Be provided with damping block in the described machine barrel.
In rotation of the sea whelk of taper four sea whelk reciprocating screws of the present invention and the reciprocating motion process, along with the increase of the sea whelk quantity number of times of cutting apart, shear, be orientated, fold, stretch, push to material doubles with geometric progression; Simultaneously the quantity of pin also increases along with sea whelk quantity, and it is about about 20% that surface area ratio three sea whelks of four screw plate structures will increase, and the frictional heat of being produced is more, and energy consumption is more saved, and is especially better to the even dispersion effect of few component materials of being contained.Unique miniature heat sensor is equipped with as inserting material internal control material temperature in pin inside; Machine barrel inside also is provided with the duct can closely heat or cool off, and avoids the thermal inertia and the temperature fluctuation that bring because of the external electric mode.On this basis, conic four-piece reciprocating pin scewrod can be little draw ratio, very high rotating speed, the very short heat retention time, demonstrate fully low-pressure, low shear, the special efficacy of low temperature rise, no overheated and high dispersive, adapt to the processing of extruding that thermal sensitivity plastics, coating, food, tablet and special type contain magnetic, graphitiferous, crosslinked with silicane, high concentration look mother, high dispersive, high packing material etc. fully.
Screw rod of the present invention adopts " taper " structure, has both comprised the advantage of the reciprocating screw of other kinds, and the unexistent special performance of reciprocating screw that has other kinds again mainly contains:
1. the cone of screw rod and machine barrel is one of fundamental difference with the cylindrical screw rod of other kinds to the compensating action that wearing and tearing are had, and the conical position of screw rod and machine barrel disengages little wear in most of period of oscillation cycle simultaneously;
" taper " make the compression ratio range of screw rod bigger, all parameters relevant with spiral shell rib diameter all become variable and also can be optimized in the screw rod design; Tapering with radial component be cylindrical can not have to the effect of material production similar " seething ";
3. " taper " and " four sea whelks " structure makes screw rod bigger to the volumetric ratio and the axial compression power of material;
" taper " of screw rod make four row pins bigger along diametric height gradient adjustable range, peptizaiton is stronger;
5. being staggered of the gradual change of screw rod " taper " curve and sea whelk, physics superpositions such as its three-dimensional reorientation, stress relaxation are brought into play " automatically cleaning " better effects if of screw rod more fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the axial cutaway view of one embodiment of the present invention male-tapered four sea whelk reciprocating screws and inner conical side direction dissection type machine barrel (belt material tile structure);
Fig. 2 is the axial cutaway view of another embodiment of the present invention biconial four sea whelk reciprocating screws and inner conical side direction dissection type machine barrel (not belt material tile structure);
When Fig. 3 is the side direction dissection type machine barrel open mode of rotatable unlatching and the relative position schematic diagram of screw rod;
Fig. 4 is the radial cross-section of screw rod of the present invention and machine barrel;
Fig. 5 is sea whelk, the pin mutual alignment schematic diagram of screw rod of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is extrusion system of the present invention and transmission system connection status schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is a transmission case structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the flow trace schematic diagram of material bundle in the screw motion process of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As Fig. 1-5, a kind of extrusion system of taper four sea whelk reciprocating screw extruders, comprise screw rod 1, machine barrel 2 and pin 3, screw rod 1 is installed in the machine barrel 2, form by anterior extruding zone, middle part mixer and rear portion feeding section, that protrude on screw rod 1 surface, to have certain thickness helix be the spiral shell rib, if this spiral shell rib branch cuts out certain interval, and the spiral shell rib at interval is lacked fully, then wherein forward and backward spaced that section spiral shell rib is a sea whelk.Pin 3 is installed in the inner surface of the machine barrel 2 relative with spiral shell rib on the screw rod; Spiral shell rib 4 periodically is divided into staggered four sea whelks 5 along the circumference lead angle, pin 3 passages are made in space in the middle of per two sea whelks 5, sea whelk 5 is staggered front to back arrangement, distribute as " labyrinth " shape, fundamentally improved the three sea whelks spiral shell rib that whenever rotates a circle and be interrupted the existing defective of backflowing of penetrability breach of " in-line " structure of three times.
Among Fig. 1, screw rod 1 is the male-tapered four sea whelk screw rods of taper for spiral shell rib top external diameter, and machine barrel 2 inboards have lining tile 6, and lining tile 6 is made by the special, wear-resistant material, and edge is pieced together in machine barrel 2 inside, can carry out maintain and replace.Among Fig. 2, screw rod 1 is the biconial four sea whelk screw rods of taper for spiral shell rib top external diameter and spiral shell rib bottom internal diameter.Conical screw can be that the spiral shell rib part integral body of screw rod is taper, also can be that the spiral shell rib part part of screw rod is that several pitch are taper for taper.
Conical screw is an overall structure, and the spiral shell rib of conical screw is made up of the helix of multi-head spiral line or different pitch, and when work, the conical position of screw rod 1 and machine barrel 2 disengages little wear in most of period of oscillation cycle.
The conical screw part also can be modular construction, and promptly screw rod extruding zone and mixer are made of mandrel and screwing element, and screwing element is enclosed within on the mandrel.
As Fig. 3, Fig. 4, left and right side machine barrel 2 can rotate to an angle respectively by desktop holder jointed shaft 9 after unscrewing trip bolt; So that the cleaning of machine barrel 2 inwalls, sea whelk 5 is adjusted and maintenance with the gap of pin 3.The structure of side direction dissection type machine barrel 2, taper hole position and size and screw rod 1 are complementary, and also are complementary with the fixedly requirement of pin 3 simultaneously.The tapered cylinder principal mode in two halves hole is an overall structure, but can inlay assembly to specific abration position some lining tiles 6 is arranged.Machine barrel 2 is equipped with heating and cooling duct 7, is used for the heating and cooling of machine barrel 2.
As Fig. 5, pin 3 is clipped in the middle of two parallel sea whelk 5 sides, is fixed on machine barrel 2 inwalls, lines up four row along axis, and is symmetrical in the and arranged on left and right sides of opposite opened machine barrel, and the radial distribution in machine barrel 2 is the 90 ° of angles arrangements of being separated by.Pin 3 has adjustability and replaceability.The axial shift reciprocately amount of screw rod 1 when work is variable, and its angle that turns over is periodically; The movement locus of all pins is identical.
Be provided with various forms of damping blocks at machine barrel 2 inwalls, damping block is disposed separately in machine barrel or variform mixes setting.
Pin only is one of form of expression of damping block, is conical damping block, and other forms also have: ellipse, rhombus, polygon abnormity reach the imperfect annular similar to the spiral shell rib etc.The pin that inside is provided with heat sensor also is one of special construction of damping block.Damping block is disposed separately in machine barrel or variform mixes setting.
As Fig. 6, Fig. 7, the screw rod 1 of extrusion system is connected by the swinging axle 13 in the transmission case 10 of adpting flange 21 and transmission system; The power shaft 11 of transmission case 10 is connected with motor 20.
Transmission case 10 comprises power shaft 11, gear train 12, swinging axle 13, oblique angle wheel 15 and connecting rod 14, driving swinging axle 13 by gear train 12 rotates, thereby driving screw rod 1 rotates, gear train 12 drives oblique angle wheel 15 simultaneously and makes circular motion, oblique angle wheel 15 is inclined to certain angle with swinging axle 13 and drivening rod 14 rotates, oblique angle wheel 15 restrictions that are subjected to connecting rod 14 frees degree again react on swinging axle 13, force it to make periodic shift reciprocately.Thereby whenever being rotated a circle, screw rod 1 makes shift reciprocately simultaneously respectively once.The displacement of swinging axle 13 is determined by the angle of oblique angle wheel 15 and the functional relation of connecting rod 14 length.
Fig. 8 is the flow trace schematic diagram of material bundle in the screw motion process, directions X is represented the pitch width among the figure, the Y direction is represented spiral shell rib radial development length, and be the flow trace (only be the simplification pattern, the actual flow form of material and the description of sea whelk working mechanism will be very complicated herein) that example is explained the material bundle with four sea whelks that wherein scribble diagonal line.
The position of sea whelk and pin when A figure is 0 ° of a relative position (supposing the state that the no material line in start front screw surface moves).
B figure is the position that turns over sea whelk and pin after 90 °.The material bundle moves and is sheared along the left surface of first sea whelk, and the sea whelk surface is subjected to the cleaning action of material.
C figure is the position that turns over sea whelk and pin after 180 °.The material bundle along the right side of first sea whelk short inclined-plane tangent and sheared once more.The sea whelk side pushes it against second sea whelk in clean by the material cleaning.
D figure is the position that turns over sea whelk and pin after 270 °.The material bundle along the right side of second sea whelk short inclined-plane tangent and be sheared again, sea whelk also is subjected to the cleaning action of material simultaneously.When sea whelk streaked pin with minimum gap, material was axially carrying out mixed once again.
E figure is the position that turns over 360 ° of sea whelks and pin.The material bundle is sheared along the right flank of that sea whelk of the 3rd sea whelk front, and the material in the sea whelk gap cleans the sea whelk surface.The state that has shown that four divided material bundles flow is simultaneously simplified on the right of figure.
Can roughly be seen by above sketch: four sea whelk screw rods of the extrusion system of conic four-piece reciprocating pin scewrod extruder of the present invention are in rotation and when moving back and forth, and the mobile beam trajectory that the material bundle is circuitous to be navigated within the narrow space of sea whelk and pin side is a kind of form like alphabetical " S ".This kind form has the difference of essence than cylindrical screw rod or three sea whelk screw rods, and the material line journey of taper four sea whelk screw-rod structures is longer, and it is higher to shear frequency, and extrusion pressure is bigger.
Sea whelk quantity is many more, the high more segmentation times to material of screw speed is many more, and evenly dispersion effect is just good more.In fact it is also not obvious to the influence of material temperature rise that the fatigue of sea whelk hyperfrequency is torn effect, this illustrates that the shearing of this type is " flexibility ", so sea whelk is in rotation and back and forth wait complicated physics superimposed motion, material produces moment shear heat and frictional heat also change.The excellent properties of the extrusion system of conic four-piece reciprocating pin scewrod extruder of the present invention derives from material in the process and is flowing of similar alphabetical serpentine track, produces low-pressure, lowly shears, the excellent specific property of low temperature rise and high dispersive.