CN1643236A - 透平叶片上具有凹坑的护壳 - Google Patents

透平叶片上具有凹坑的护壳 Download PDF

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CN1643236A
CN1643236A CNA028238591A CN02823859A CN1643236A CN 1643236 A CN1643236 A CN 1643236A CN A028238591 A CNA028238591 A CN A028238591A CN 02823859 A CN02823859 A CN 02823859A CN 1643236 A CN1643236 A CN 1643236A
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protective case
turbine blade
pit
blade
recessed
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CN100351495C (zh
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R·塞勒斯基
R·秋拉托
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Ansaldo Energia IP UK Ltd
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Power Systems Manufacturing LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/22Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/18Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187Convection cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/147Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/22Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/225Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/232Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterized by the cooling medium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/232Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterized by the cooling medium
    • F05D2260/2322Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterized by the cooling medium steam

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明揭示了一种改进的燃气轮机叶片(40),它使用一位于叶片顶端的护壳(46),护壳上具有锥形或渐减的护壳凹坑(52),用以从护壳(46)除去多余的重量,但不影响护壳弯曲应力。由渐减的凹坑(52)除去多余的重量减少了叶片总的牵引力,但留着必需的增加护壳刚性的材料。形成在远离应力可能的集中区域的渐减的(锥形的)凹坑(52)之间的加强肋(53)提供了一用于钻径向的冷却孔(54)的表面。

Description

透平叶片上具有凹坑的护壳
技术领域
本发明涉及具有护壳的透平叶片,更具体地说,涉及减轻具有护壳的透平叶片的重量而同时又不影响及损害护壳的耐弯曲应力的能力。
背景技术
燃气轮机叶片是多级转动翼形部件,用于把从燃烧室的热能转换成转动转子的机械功。透平的性能可以通过把叶片顶部的外边密封而得到增强,以防止燃烧气体从气流流道逸出到叶片顶部和外壳之间的间隙。
通常的密封透平叶片顶部和透平外壳之间的间隙的方法是通过使用叶片顶部上的护壳。护壳不仅能增强透平性能,还可以用作减震器,特别是对于径向长度大的透平叶片更是如此。该护壳起机械装置的作用以提高叶片固有频率,从而又可以将由于叶片在固有频率较长的谐振时间而引起的故障降低到最少。典型的具有护壳的透平叶片的一部分示于图1。图1中示出了透平叶片10,它具有一翼面部分11及护壳12。护壳制造时是与翼面部分11结合在一起的。此翼面部分还含有一前缘15和一后缘16,其前、后缘与护壳12大体垂直。护壳12具有厚度和侧壁17,当存在相邻的透平翼片时,侧壁17被切割以形成互锁结构。该互锁结构在沿着两个支承表面13处。这就是说,沿着支承表面13相邻透平叶片(图中未示出)接触护壳12的地方。正是在支承表面13处的透平叶片护壳12的互锁形成(产生)了降低振动以及密封或隔离透平气体路径内的炽热的燃烧气体机制。典型的透平叶片护壳的另一个特点是具有刃状边14。视叶片护壳的尺寸的大小可以用一条或多条刃状边。这些密封条(隔离条)彼此平行延伸,一般是垂直于发动机轴线并且从护壳12向外延伸。使用这些密封条的目的是啮合透平壳体(图中未示出)的护壳块体以进一步使叶片顶部周围的泄漏减至最少。虽然使用护壳的目的是密封或隔离气流通路中的燃烧气体以及提供振动的阻尼,但护壳也有缺点。
护壳设计的一个缺点是其重量。护壳增加了透平叶片的重量。在运行时,透平叶片在一轮盘上围绕发动机轴线旋转。在典型的工业应用中,轮盘的旋转速度是每分钟3600转。叶片是通过在叶片根部与轮盘之间的切割出的互锁部分而保持在轮盘中的。当叶片旋转时,离心力使叶片在此连接点把向外的负荷加在叶片轮盘上。加在轮盘上的负荷的量,因此也就是加在将叶片保持在轮盘中的叶片根部的负荷的量是叶片重量的函数。也就是说,对一给定的每分钟转速,叶片愈重,在叶片根部和轮盘之间交界处的负荷及应力就愈大。加在叶片根部及轮盘上的过分大的负荷能够降低每一部件上的总的使用寿命。
护壳的另一个缺点是叶片护壳的蠕变翘曲。视护壳的厚度而定,护壳的诸边会在它们的顶部向上“弯曲”,在护壳和叶片顶部之间的圆角中引入严重的弯曲应力。护壳由于来自气体压力负荷加在护壳边的弯曲或扭曲负载以及离心力负荷而弯曲。护壳的弯曲类似于悬臂式粱,有负荷加在粱的自由端而产生的弯曲。工业上已知的解决此弯曲现象的方法是均匀地增加护壳的截面厚度,以使护壳具有较强的硬度以及能对抗卷曲的发生。简单的均匀地增加护壳的厚度的缺点是增加了护壳的硬度。这个重量是由于增加的材料而加在护壳上的。
发明目的概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的透平叶片护壳,它降低了总的叶片的重量,从而降低了加在透平轮盘上的拉力,增加了透平叶片根部和相应轮盘定位部位的使用寿命。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一改进的透平叶片护壳,它不危及护壳的弯曲应力或护壳的质量平衡。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一改进的透平叶片护壳,它包括一沿着护壳的加强肋,用于钻冷却孔,从而不会因这些冷却孔而发生高的应力集中。
根据以上及其他目的,它们将在下面变得更为清楚的,下面将结合附图对本发明作详细叙述。
本发明旨在减小护壳的重量的同时消除护壳的弯曲(卷曲)问题,从而降低透平叶片的总的重量而且不危及护壳的弯曲应力。改进的护壳结构是从护壳上去掉了一部分质量而不损及护壳的结构完整性或性能要求或总的叶片结构。多余的质量是通过在护壳的最外层表面在质量不必要的位置插入斜坡状凹坑而除去的,以降低翼面到护壳过渡区的应力水平。
附图的简单说明
图1是典型的透平叶片护壳的立体图;
图2是透平叶片及本发明的护壳的立体图;
图3是本发明的护壳部分的立体图;
图4是本发明的护壳部分的顶正视图。
较佳实施例的详细叙述
改进的透平叶片的较佳实施例示于图2。透平叶片40是一个浇铸成的整体单件,铸件上有许多机加工在其上的细部。透平叶片有一叶片根部41,根部41可以包含一从根部向外的颈部区域42,根部41包含机加工的表面43,它们与透平轮盘(图中未示出)的轮廓相配合,用于使所述叶片根部与所述透平轮盘相互锁定,以使透平叶片40在离心力负荷下与透平轮盘保持在一起。叶片根部及颈部区域的外部是一平台部分44,平台部分44基本上是平面形的并与根部41相连。从平台44向外延伸的是一翼面45,翼面有一与平台44相连的顶部及一顶端部,它与护壳46相连,该护壳46详细地示于图3中。
图3示出了翼面45的顶部及护壳46。该护壳从翼面45向外延伸并包括一第一表面47,第一表面47固定于顶部且轮廓与翼面顶部相符,还有一第二表面48,它在表面47之外并与第一表面相平行。连接第一表面47和第二表面48的是多个径向延伸的侧壁49,侧壁49与表面47及48基本垂直。诸表面及侧壁赋予护壳46以本发明所涉及的厚度。护壳46还包括刃状边50,该刃状边从表面48向外延伸。刃状边50在表面48的旁边并终止于顶部51,它们与侧壁49相一致。护壳46的另一个特点是在表面48中的并与刃状边50相邻的凹进的凹抗52。诸凹坑52由一加强肋53隔开,并且凹坑的深度是渐减的(锥形的)。凹坑的最深的部分是在与侧壁49及刃状边顶部51相邻的区域。在较佳实施例中,改进的透平叶片包含由加强肋部分隔开的两个三角形凹进的凹坑。两个凹坑52是浇铸进护壳46中的以除去对改进的护壳刚性并不需要的多余的材料。此除去的材料减轻了护壳的总的重量,结果如上面所述降低了叶片在透平轮盘上的拉力。材料是用锥形的方式除去的,即对需要降低护壳弯曲应力的材料在邻近加强肋53处通过改进的截面厚度保留下,而不需要减少护壳弯曲应力的材料则被除去。
图4示出了护壳46的顶正视图,其上具有两个凹坑52,两凹坑的中间由加强肋53隔开。视发动机运行工况而定,可能需要用空气或用水蒸气进行冷却透平叶片。如果需要这样的冷却,多个冷却孔54从护壳46的加强肋53延伸到翼面平台内的冷却通道,叶片根部可以机加工于透平叶片之中。加强肋53提供一平面段,供在其中钻冷却孔之用。此加强肋将确保孔54的位置可以离开凹进的护壳凹坑足够远,从而使凹进的凹坑的圆角和倒角在钻冷却孔时不被切割着,从而可以避免不希望的应力的集中。应力集中会由于在一圆角/角及冷却孔的边交界面处出现尖锐的角而产生。
虽然本发明通过较佳实施例的形式作了叙述,但应予理解的是,本发明绝不限于所揭示的实施例的范围,相反,本发明拟将下列权利要求所阐述的范围内的种种变化、改变及等效安排包括在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

1.一种改进的透平叶片,它包括:
一叶片根部,
一呈平面形的平台部,该平台部与所述叶片根部相连,
一翼面部,它从平台部分向外延伸,所述翼面有一与所述平台部相连的平台端,并且有一与平台端相对的顶端,
一从顶端向外延伸的护壳,护壳安装在所述顶端上,所述护壳包括:
一第一表面,它固定于所述翼面的顶端;
一第二表面,它与第一表面间隔开并基本上平行于第一表面;
多个径向延伸的侧壁,基本上垂直于、并连接所述第一和第二表面;
一对刃形边,它们从第二表面向外延伸,每一刃形边延伸过所述第二表面并在侧壁处具有刃状端;
至少有一个在所述第二表面中的凹进的凹坑,所述凹坑向着所述第一表面延伸到一预定深度。
2.如权利要求1所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹进的凹坑每一个凹坑的形状基本上呈三角形。
3.如权利要求1所述的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹进的凹坑的每一个凹坑是位于相邻刃状边处。
4.如权利要求1所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,每一所述凹进的凹坑的深度从护壳的中心向着径向延伸的侧壁是变化的,所述诸凹进的凹坑的最深的位置紧挨着所述刃状端处。
5.如权利要求1所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹进的凹坑中的每一个凹坑的深度从所述护壳的中心向着所述径向延伸的侧壁是变化的,而所述诸凹进的凹坑的最深位置紧挨着所述侧壁之一。
6.如权利要求1所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹进的凹坑中的每一个凹坑由一加强肋所隔开,该加强肋在所述刃状边之间延伸并固定于所述第二表面,所述加强肋包含多个冷却孔,所述冷却孔从所述加强肋向着所述叶片根部延伸并穿过所述透平叶片。
7.如权利要求1所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述护壳的径向延伸的侧壁呈Z字形。
8.一种改进的透平叶片,它包括:
一叶片根部;
一呈平面形的平台部,该平台部与所述叶片根部相连;
一翼面部,它从平台部向外延伸,所述翼面有一与所述平台部相连的平台端,并且有一与平台端相对的顶端,
一从顶端向外延伸的护壳,护壳安装在所述顶端上,所述护壳包括:
一第一表面,它固定于所述翼面顶端的;
一第二表面,它与第一表面间隔开并基本上平行于所述第一表面;
多个径向延伸的侧壁,基本上垂直于并连接所述第一和第二表面;
至少一个刃状边,它从所述第二表面向外延伸,所述至少一个刃状边延伸过所述第二表面并在所述侧壁处具有端部;
至少有一个在所述第二表面内的凹进的凹坑,所述凹坑向着所述第一表面延伸到一预定的深度。
9.如权利要求8所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹进的凹坑每一个凹坑的形状基本上呈三角形
10.如权利要求9所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,每一所述凹进的凹坑位于所述刃状边附近。
11.如权利要求10所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹进的凹坑中的每一个凹坑的深度从护壳的中心向着所述径向延伸的侧壁是变化的,所述诸凹坑的最深位置是在邻近所述刃状边的端部处。
12.如权利要求11所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹坑的每一个凹坑的深度从护壳中心向着所述径向侧壁是变化的,而所述诸凹坑的最深位置是在侧壁之一的附近。
13.如权利要求12所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述诸凹坑中的每一个凹坑由一加强肋隔开,该加强肋基本上垂直横过所述刃状边并固定于所述第二表面,所述加强肋包括多个冷却孔,所述冷却孔从所述加强肋向着所述叶片根部延伸并穿过所述透平叶片。
14.如权利要求12所述的改进的透平叶片,其中,所述护壳的所述径向延伸的侧壁呈“Z”字形。
CNB028238591A 2001-10-04 2002-07-23 透平叶片上具有凹坑的护壳 Expired - Fee Related CN100351495C (zh)

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US09/971,241 US6491498B1 (en) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Turbine blade pocket shroud
US09/971,241 2001-10-04

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CN101117896B (zh) * 2006-07-31 2013-01-23 通用电气公司 转子叶片及其制造方法
CN101435344B (zh) * 2007-11-12 2013-03-06 斯奈克玛 采用模制法制造的金属叶轮叶片和这种叶轮叶片的制造方法
CN102482944A (zh) * 2009-09-02 2012-05-30 西门子公司 构成为转子盘或者涡轮叶片的燃气轮机构件的冷却
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CN103221642A (zh) * 2010-11-22 2013-07-24 斯奈克玛 用于涡轮机的可移动叶片
CN103221642B (zh) * 2010-11-22 2015-09-09 斯奈克玛 用于涡轮机的可移动叶片
CN103032107A (zh) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-10 通用电气公司 带有成形密封轨嵌条的尖端围带组件
CN103032107B (zh) * 2011-10-04 2016-08-17 通用电气公司 带有成形密封轨嵌条的尖端围带组件
CN107407153A (zh) * 2015-03-17 2017-11-28 西门子能源有限公司 具有泄漏流调节器的带罩涡轮机翼型件
CN107407153B (zh) * 2015-03-17 2019-09-27 西门子能源有限公司 具有泄漏流调节器的带罩涡轮机翼型件
CN111911240A (zh) * 2019-05-08 2020-11-10 普拉特 - 惠特尼加拿大公司 护罩互锁装置

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WO2003029616A1 (en) 2003-04-10
EP1451446A1 (en) 2004-09-01
KR100831803B1 (ko) 2008-05-28
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EP1451446B1 (en) 2013-03-27

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