CN1641096A - Superfine fiber artificial leather and fabric preparing method - Google Patents
Superfine fiber artificial leather and fabric preparing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1641096A CN1641096A CNA2004100006907A CN200410000690A CN1641096A CN 1641096 A CN1641096 A CN 1641096A CN A2004100006907 A CNA2004100006907 A CN A2004100006907A CN 200410000690 A CN200410000690 A CN 200410000690A CN 1641096 A CN1641096 A CN 1641096A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of the thin fiber artificial leather and the manufacturing method. The method includes the following step: first, crystallize two kinds of different high polymers to make use of the compound spinning legal system to become a kind of fibre, make the fiber cross section formed with a outer circle layer only from a polymer of low crystallize constitute of thin film, but the inner part of the thin film be arranged by the form composing with the orange petal appearance partition by a polymer of high crystallize and a polymer of low crystallization. After making that fiber as basic fabric first, then give the constringency processing and resins to the process (if desire manufacturing the fabric then abridges the step of resin process). Then, carry on surface's grind to spilt the basic fabric, and then carry on process of the current of air or water currents or to crumple or bump it, making the internal fiber of basic fabric open, we can manufacture artificial leather and super and thin fiber fabric based on this invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of superfine fibre artificial leather and superfine fibre method of producing fabric, it is particularly to a kind of artificial leather and method of producing fabric that is made of the Schizoid superfine fibre.
Background technology
General superfine fibre artificial leather major part must be carried out the fine processing of branch by solvent or alkali lye.Matte shape dermatine and manufacture method thereof with application case number No. 83109961 are example, it divides fine back fibre fineness is 0.2～0.001 red Buddhist nun, though can have superfine fibre (Microfiber simultaneously concurrently, fineness reaches 0.15denier) and superfine fiber (Super fine micro fiber, fineness is 0.001denier), but it divides fine procedure for processing to reach by solvent or alkali lye, therefore will can cause serious pollution to environment, and not meet the trend of current attention environmental protection.Therefore, industry develops and to utilize at present mechanical system to open fine superfine fibre.The manufacture method of the superfine fibre that is disclosed with Japanese patent laid-open 5-331758 is an example, it is a suitable compatibility of utilizing two kinds of polymer, is difficult for when making comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning and tailor's cushion dividing fibre, but divides fibre to add man-hour at machinery, because the difference of boiling water shrinkage makes fiber be easy to split.Generally speaking, if will allow fiber is easier to split, making use of momentum necessaryly widens two kinds of polymer boiling water shrinkage gaps.Yet this will make the affinity variation of two kinds of polymer.According to the fiber section shown in this patent, the periphery there is no film and coats, and therefore when the affinity variation of two kinds of polymer, will cause being easy to dividing ahead of time fibre when comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning and tailor's cushion, makes the production efficiency of Nonwovens decline to a great extent.
Application case discloses the novel method for making of a kind of superfine fibre and converted goods thereof for No. 76102732, and its formed fiber section is that the periphery has one deck by the formed film of polyester.Yet, the employed fiber opening method of this patent must be earlier with alkali lye peripheral molten the removing of polyester film, just can utilize machinery to divide fine processing that fiber is split, this kind processing procedure can cause serious pollution equally, does not have an environmental protection property.
Opening in fine processing method and application case the superfine fibre fiber opening method that is disclosed for No. 81100302 and the heavy colour method that dyes of No. 79108906 described composite fibre of application case and fabric thereof, its formed decrement type superfine fibre section is that two kinds of polymer are the orange petal shape attitude and are spaced, but because it selects for use two kinds of polymer compatibilities fine, so can't utilize direct mechanical to divide fine processing that fiber is split, and the material that must use tools such as phenmethylol and caustic soda or acidic liquid to pollute makes fiber separately molten the removing of one of two kinds of polymer.Therefore, when producing, can cause serious pollution equally, not have an environmental protection property.
Summary of the invention
Therefore; the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of superfine fibre artificial leather and superfine fibre method of producing fabric; it can not utilize easily can divide fibre to the physics mode that environment pollutes; and obtain superfine fibre and superfine fiber simultaneously, and formed fiber has film protection and effectively promotes production efficiency in order to avoid dividing fine ahead of time.
A kind of superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method, this method comprises the following step:
With weight ratio is 5: 95 to 95: 5, degree of crystallinity is 40%～95% high molecular polymer (A) and degree of crystallinity is that 1%～25% high molecular polymer (B) is 150～300 ℃ with spinning temperature, the composite spinning method of coiling speed 500～2000m/min is made a fiber, make formed fiber comprise a core and a film surrounds this core, wherein this core is radial spaced high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) along fiber section radially, and this film only is made of low crystallinity polymers (B), wherein this film has a thickness percentage Z, its scope is 0.1%≤Z≤5%, Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, wherein size Y is the external diameter of film, and size X is the internal diameter of film;
This fiber is made base cloth with opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton, tailor's cushion step;
Shrink this base cloth of processing;
After shrinking processing, with this base cloth impose resin impregnation, solidify, wash, dry processing;
Grind the base cloth surface that this has been processed with sand paper, make its surperficial fiber split;
The base cloth that carries out resin finishing is imposed the fine processing of branch, make the fiber of this base cloth inside split and make this superfine fibre artificial leather.
The fine processing of this branch is meant a kind of in the following manner:
Crumple the base cloth that this has carried out resin finishing repeatedly by the mechanical force that boarding machine produced;
Clash into the base cloth that this has carried out resin finishing by falling the mechanical force that bulging machine produces;
This base cloth that has carried out resin finishing of huge airstream suction that is produced by the high velocity air machine makes it with this machine of high-speed impact;
The current that produced by liquid streaming dyeing machine come repercussion, and this has carried out the base cloth of resin finishing.
This polymer (A) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of in the group that forms by polyamide base polymer, polyester polymer, polyolefin polymers, thermoplastic elastomer and polyvinyl alcohol polymer, and this thermoplastic elastomer makes the longitudinal tensile strain rate of this superfine fibre artificial leather be at least 50%, cross direction elongation be at least 50% and elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%.
A kind of in the group that is formed by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer, polyurethane elaster, polyamide elastomer.
This polymer (B) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of polyamide base polymer, one of monomer whose is by adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), M-phthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acids, 1,6 hexamethylene diamines, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylene diamines, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-3,3 '-dimethyl-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl propane, isophorone diamine, vinegar amine, 4,4 in vinegar amine, the bay in oneself '-a kind of in the group that methyl diphenylene diisocyanate and toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) are formed;
A kind of in the group that forms by dioctyl phthalate, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, M-phthalic acid, glycol, dimethanol, diester of a kind of polyester polymer, one of monomer whose;
A kind of polyamide class co-polymer, one of its composition be by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, NYLON610,4,4 '-a kind of in the group that diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride 6 is formed;
A kind of poly styrene polymer.
This contraction processing one of comprises in the following manner to be handled:
Handle this base cloth for 40～100 ℃ with hot water;
Handle this base cloth for 80～250 ℃ with hot blast;
With steam 0.1～10kg/cm
2Handle this base cloth.
This base cloth is made step and is comprised this fiber mixed to mix with weight ratio with a decrement type superfine fibre in 5: 95～95: 5 and make base cloth, and this method comprises in addition and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth.
This base cloth make step comprise with this fiber with a decrement type superfine fibre make base cloth make this fiber as the bottom fiber of base cloth and this decrement type superfine fibre as the surface fibre of base cloth, and method comprises in addition and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth.
A kind of superfine fibre method of producing fabric, this method comprises the following step:
With weight ratio is that 5: 95 to 95: 5 high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) is 150～300 ℃ with spinning temperature, coiling speed is that the composite spinning method of 2000～5000m/min is made a fiber, make formed fiber comprise a core and a film surrounds this core, wherein this core is radial spaced high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) along fiber section radially, and this film is made of low crystallinity polymers (B);
This fiber is made base cloth with Plain loom or knitting machine;
Shrink this base cloth of processing;
After shrinking processing, grind the surface of this base cloth with sand paper;
After shrinking processing, divide fine this base cloth of processing, make the film of this fabric fiber split and make this superfine fibre fabric.
The fine processing of this branch is meant a kind of in the following manner:
Crumple the base cloth that this has shunk processing repeatedly by the mechanical force that boarding machine produced;
Clash into the base cloth that this has shunk processing by falling the mechanical force that bulging machine produces;
This base cloth that has shunk processing of huge airstream suction that is produced by the high velocity air machine makes it with this machine of high-speed impact;
The high-velocity flow that is produced by liquid streaming dyeing machine comes repercussion, and this has shunk the base cloth of processing.
This polymer (A) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of in the group that forms by polyamide base polymer, polyester polymer, polyolefin polymers, thermoplastic elastomer and polyvinyl alcohol polymer, and this thermoplastic elastomer makes the longitudinal tensile strain rate of this superfine fibre artificial leather be at least 50%, cross direction elongation be at least 50% and elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%.
A kind of in the group that is formed by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer, polyurethane elaster, polyamide elastomer.
This polymer (B) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of polyamide base polymer, one of monomer whose is by adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), M-phthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acids, 1,6 hexamethylene diamines, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylene diamines, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-3,3 '-dimethyl-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl propane, isophorone diamine, vinegar amine, 4,4 in vinegar amine, the bay in oneself '-a kind of in the group that methyl diphenylene diisocyanate and toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) are formed;
A kind of in the group that forms by dioctyl phthalate, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, M-phthalic acid, glycol, dimethanol, diester of a kind of polyester polymer, one of monomer whose;
A kind of polyamide class co-polymer, one of its composition be by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, NYLON610,4,4 '-a kind of in the group that diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride 6 is formed;
A kind of poly styrene polymer.
This contraction processing one of comprises in the following manner to be handled:
Handle this base cloth for 40～100 ℃ with hot water;
Handle this base cloth for 80～250 ℃ with hot blast;
With steam 0.1～10kg/cm
2Handle this base cloth.
This fabric is made step and is comprised this fiber mixed to mix with weight ratio with a decrement type superfine fibre in 5: 95～95: 5 and make base cloth, and this method comprises in addition and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth.
For reaching above-mentioned and other purpose, the invention provides a kind of superfine fibre artificial leather and superfine fibre method of producing fabric, it comprises the aftermentioned step.At first, the high-crystallinity that weight ratio is about 5: 95 to 95: 5 (for example 40%～95%) high molecular polymer and low-crystallinity (for example 1～25%) high molecular polymer, utilize composite spinning method to make a Schizoid fiber, make formed fiber section have one deck only by the film that low crystallinity polymers constituted, and film inside is made of with the orange petal shape attitude form of being spaced high-crystallinity copolymer and low crystallinity polymers for peripheral.This Schizoid fiber is made base cloth (for example Nonwovens, flat fabric or knitted cloth) earlier, after give shrink process (for example with this base cloth of hot water, hot blast or steam treated) again, then, then need base cloth is carried out resin finishing (then omitting the resin finishing step if desire is made fabric) if desire to make artificial leather.Afterwards, carry out surface grinding and handle, the fiber on base cloth surface is split and the fine processing of physics branch, the fiber of base cloth inside is split, make by this according to superfine fibre of the present invention (its single fiber fineness can reach 0.6～0.001 red Buddhist nun) artificial leather or fabric.If necessary, this artificial leather or fabric can further impose procedure of processings such as dyeing, embossing or applying.
Detailed speech, physics according to the present invention divides fine processing to reach by the aftermentioned method: (a) return multiple rubbing or clash into pending base cloth with mechanical force; (b) the pending base cloth of huge airstream suction that utilizes machine and produced makes it with this machine of high-speed impact; Or (c) utilize high-velocity flow to come the pending base cloth of repercussion.
According to Schizoid fiber of the present invention, its percent film thickness Z is between 0.1～5.0% (Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, wherein size Y is the external diameter of film, size X is the internal diameter of film), make the fiber of making not only in the base cloth manufacture process, can not divide fibre ahead of time and significantly promote production efficiency, and can utilize the physics that can not cause environmental pollution to divide fine processing mode (for example aforesaid technological means), make film breaks and reach the fine purpose of branch easily.In addition, because two kinds of its compatibilities of polymer used in the present invention differ greatly, so add and be easy to man-hour make fiber separately carrying out the branch fibre.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a: the fibre profile schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 1 b: the fibre profile schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a: the generalized section of the fiber of Fig. 1 a of the present invention after carrying out the fine processing of branch;
Fig. 2 b: the generalized section of the fiber of Fig. 1 b of the present invention after carrying out the fine processing of branch.
[figure number explanation]:
100 fibers, 110 cores
120 films
A high-crystallinity copolymer B low crystallinity polymers
The external diameter of the internal diameter Y film of X film
The specific embodiment
In order to allow above and other objects of the present invention, feature and the advantage can be more obvious, preferred embodiment of the present invention cited below particularly, and conjunction with figs. is described in detail below.
Superfine fibre artificial leather of the present invention or superfine fibre fabric are made of a kind of easy Schizoid superfine fibre of fibre that divides, and this Schizoid superfine fibre makes two kinds of different high molecular polymers of degree of crystallinity with the mode spinning of composite spinning.
According to superfine fiber fabric manufacture method of the present invention, it mainly comprises the following step: (1) utilizes composite spinning method to make a fiber high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B); (2) this fiber is made base cloth (for example Nonwovens, flat fabric or knitted cloth); (3) shrink processing this base cloth (phase I is opened fibre); (4) base cloth that will shrink after processing carries out resin finishing (if desire is omitted the resin finishing step when making fabric); (5) fabric face (second stage is opened fibre) that resin finishing is not carried out in base cloth surface after grind resin is processed or grinding; (6) base cloth after the resin finishing fabric of resin finishing (or do not carry out) is carried out the fine processing of branch (phase III is opened fibre).Now be respectively described below:
(1) composite spinning
The present invention utilizes composite spinning method to be spun into a fiber high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B), make high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) be spaced the core that form constitutes fiber with the orange petal shape attitude, this core is also only surrounded by the formed film of low crystallinity polymers (B) simultaneously.Detailed speech, this high-crystallinity copolymer (A) is extruded after utilizing extruder to make its fusion respectively earlier with low crystallinity polymers (B), utilize and can film forming tangerine lobe type spinneret polymer (A) and polymer (B) be carried out composite spinning with about 5: 95 to 95: 5 weight ratio, spinning temperature is preferable to be about 150～300 ℃.
Fig. 1 a is depicted as the generalized section of fiber 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.This fiber 100 comprises a core 110 and a film 120 surrounds this core 110, and wherein this core 110 is radial spaced high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) along fiber section radially.Fig. 1 b is depicted as the generalized section of fiber 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention.Except this fiber 200 have a hollow orange petal shape (hollow segment pie) fiber section, this fiber 200 is roughly identical with the fiber 100 shown in Fig. 1 a.Be understandable that though in the fiber shown in Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b 100,200, the tangerine lobe number that high-crystallinity copolymer (A) constitutes is illustrated as 6, can reach 2～108 according to its tangerine lobe number of fiber of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b, the thickness percentage Z of this film 120 represents with following pass formula: Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, and wherein size Y is the external diameter of film, size X is the internal diameter of film.When Z less than 0.1% the time, this fiber membrane breaks easily in stretching, false twisting or opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning and tailor's cushion process, fiber is easy to divide ahead of time fine.Anti-, if Z divides fibre to add and is not easy man-hour to make fiber separately greater than 5% o'clock.Therefore, when Z approximately between 0.1～5.0% the time, resultant superfine fibre not only can not divide fibre ahead of time at Nonwovens or fabric manufacture process, and can utilize the physics that can not cause environmental pollution to divide fine processing mode to make film breaks, and reaches the fine purpose of branch easily.
Two kinds of polymer used in the present invention need select to make its compatibility to differ greatly, and add and are easy to man-hour make fiber separately carrying out the branch fibre by this.Therefore, this high-crystallinity copolymer (A) is a degree of crystallinity about 40%～95% high molecular polymer, and this low crystallinity polymers (B) is the high molecular polymer of degree of crystallinity about 1～25%.
The high-crystallinity copolymer (A) that is fit to is as follows: polyamide base polymers such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12; Or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PPT), polybutylene terephthalate polyester polymers such as (PBT); Or polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene; Or thermoplastic elastomer such as polyolefin elastomer, Polyurethane, polyamide elastomer; Or polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
The low crystallinity polymers (B) that is fit to is as follows: (a) one of monomer whose is adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), M-phthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acids, 1,6 hexamethylene diamines, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylene diamines, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride (PACM), 4,4 '-diaminourea-3,3 '-dimethyl-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl propane, isophorone diamine, vinegar amine, 4,4 in vinegar amine, the bay in oneself '-the polyamide base polymer of methyl diphenylene diisocyanate or toluene di-isocyanate(TDI); (b) one of monomer be dioctyl phthalate, to the polyester polymer of alkyl benzoic acid, M-phthalic acid, glycol, dimethanol, diester; (c) contain in the polyamide component of polymer nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, NYLON610,4,4 '-the polyamide class co-polymer of diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride 6 (PCAM 6); Or (d) poly styrene polymer.
It should be noted that, when polymer (A) if during thermoplastic elastomer, its fiber can manifest elastic characteristic, therefore when base cloth after shrink process described later, base cloth promptly has the high elasticity performance, and that the longitudinal tensile strain rate can reach is about 50%～500%, cross direction elongation can reach about 50%～500%, elastic recovery rate and can reach more than 70%.
(2) aforesaid fiber is made base cloth
If aforesaid fiber will be made Nonwovens, then when carrying out composite spinning, need not extended silk (UDY), then through extension, fold and oil and to get single fiber number 1～10 red Buddhist nun's superfine fibre short fiber cotton (staple fiber) with about 500～2000m/min coiling speed; Then, the short fiber cotton be can be made into cloth through opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton and tailor's cushion and weigh 50～1000g/m
2Nonwovens.
If aforesaid fiber will be made fabric, then when carrying out composite spinning, need to obtain partly extending silk (POY) with about 2000～5000m/min coiling speed, can get single fiber number 1～10 red Buddhist nun's superfine fibre filament (filament) through extension, false twisting, then filament warp-knit cloth machine longitude and latitude interlacing be can be made into fabric.
(3) shrink processing (phase I is opened fibre)
By Nonwovens or the formed base cloth of fabric through about 40～100 ℃ of hot water, the about 0.1～10kg/cm of steam
2Or after about 80～250 ℃ of shrink process of hot blast, fiber surface can produce and split from phenomenon, and base cloth produces contraction simultaneously, and it is about 5～50% that shrinkage area can reach, and makes the base cloth tissue become fine and close.
(4) resin finishing
This resin finishing refers to do the resin surface processing or with lathering machine base cloth is done resin impregnation (as acryl resin, polyurethane resin etc.) with the base cloth that processor pair shrinks after processing, and promptly obtains the semi-finished product cladding of artificial leather.In addition, because this base cloth has preferable compactness after shrinking processing, so make water-base resin (as being the polyurethane resin of solvent with the aqueous solution) processing of the apparatus feature of environmental protection can present abundant feel.It should be noted that if desire is omitted this resin finishing step when making fabric.
(5) the base cloth surface after the grind resin processing, or grind the fabric face (second stage is opened fibre) that does not carry out resin finishing
Base cloth or fabric face after this attrition process refers to utilize grinder to resin finishing are done surface grinding, make the fiber of base cloth or fabric face separate fully by this.
(6) base cloth after the resin finishing is carried out the fine processing of branch or the fabric that does not carry out resin finishing is carried out the fine processing of branch (phase III is opened fibre)
Fine processing refers to by air-flow according to branch of the present invention, current or mechanical force are crumpled or the bump mode is processed, make base cloth or fabric fiber detaching, make by this according to superfine fibre of the present invention (its single fiber fineness can reach about 0.6～0.001 red Buddhist nun) artificial leather.Divide fine method for processing to be listed below:
1. boarding machine rubbing: by the base cloth after the multiple rubbing resin finishing of returning of machine the fabric of resin finishing (or do not carry out).
2. fall bulging machine bump:, make base cloth after the resin finishing fabric of resin finishing (or do not carry out) bump up and down in drum by the rotation of machine.
3. high velocity air machine:, make base cloth after the resin finishing fabric of resin finishing (or do not carry out) be attracted the back with the high-speed impact dividing plate by the huge air-flow that machine produced.
4. liquid streaming dyeing machine: come the base cloth fabric of resin finishing (or do not carry out) after the repercussion resin finishing by the current that machine produced.
Open fibre through above-mentioned any way machinery, all can allow and open fibre fully and make superfine fibre artificial leather of the present invention or fabric through the base cloth or the fabric fiber of resin finishing.Shown in Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b, after minute fine processing, the part of film that low crystallinity polymers (B) is constituted and rice character skeleton can be split into about 0.001～0.05 red Buddhist nun's of fineness superfine fiber, and the tangerine lobe that high-crystallinity copolymer (A) is constituted partly can be split into about 0.05～0.6 red Buddhist nun's of fineness superfine fibre.If necessary, superfine fibre artificial leather of the present invention or fabric can further impose procedure of processings such as dyeing, applying or embossing.
According to superfine fiber fabric artificial leather of the present invention or method of producing fabric, in minute fine processing procedure, do not use solvent or chemical agent, thus the worry of non-environmental-pollution, and can have the superfine fibre of two kinds of fineness degrees simultaneously.In artificial leather manufactured according to the present invention, the superfine fiber that wherein belongs to about 0.05～0.001 red Buddhist nun provides fine and closely woven filoplume to make leather that good mercerising sense be arranged, and the superfine fibre that belongs to about 0.6～0.05 red Buddhist nun provides dyeability and strength of leather preferably.Be applied in artificial leather, cleaning wiping cloth, electronics grinding material, filter material or high-density fabric good effect is all arranged.
In addition, the decrement type superfine fibre that utilizes about 0.3～0.0001 red Buddhist nun is during as the artificial leather base cloth, and made strength of leather is relatively poor usually, and it is serious to lose thick situation.Superfine fibre of the present invention and the blending of decrement type superfine fibre can be promoted the strength of leather that makes at last, reduce leather and lose thick problem.Detailed speech, it is preferably fiber of the present invention mixed to mix with weight ratio with the decrement type fiber in about 5: 95～95: 5 makes base cloth, and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth in addition, and all the other steps are roughly as hereinbefore.In addition, can about 0.05～0.0001 red Buddhist nun's decrement type superfine fibre as the surface fibre of base cloth, superfine fibre of the present invention is as the bottom fiber of base cloth, entangle up and down behind the network again with the resin impregnation, it is all good that last resulting superfine fibre artificial leather has careful fine hair sense in surface and leather hand feeling and intensity concurrently.
Following embodiment is in order to being described in more detail the present invention, and is not in order to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Adopt polyamide ester grain (relative viscosity (RV)=2.45) with contain 5% not the polyethylene terephthalate ester grain IV=0.65 of the M-phthalic acid of ear percentage (IPA) respectively with the extruder melting, again with about 75: 25 percentage by weight, carry out composite spinning with tangerine lobe type spinneret that can film forming 8 lobe polyamide compositions, spinning temperature is about 290 ℃, coiling speed 1350m/min, and the not extension silk (UDY) of fiber number 6dpf, intensity 2.0g/den, percentage elongation 300%.This is not extended silk with 85 ℃ of elongating temperatures, and the condition of extension ratio 200% is extended, and extends after fold, oil, dry, cut step such as cotton, can obtain the superfine fibre cotton of fiber number 3dpf, intensity 4.5g/den, percentage elongation 70%, length 51mm.
This superfine fibre cotton is carried out step process such as opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton, tailor's cushion, can obtain 220g/m
2, the Nonwovens of thickness 1.2mm with about 90 ℃ of Hot water immersion, makes this Nonwovens the Nonwovens area shrink and reaches 20%, with the polyurethane resin of the Nonwovens impregnation 300% after shrinking, through solidifying, wash, be drying to obtain the semi-finished product cladding of artificial leather.
Next with grinder (sand paper specification: 240mesh) grind the cladding surface, surface fiber splits immediately, crumple with boarding machine more afterwards, by the multiple rubbing of returning of machine the cladding internal fiber is split, this moment, cladding presented very softly, opened fine situation with electron microscope observation cladding section, fiber total division into about 0.05～0.4 red Buddhist nun's superfine fibre, give the surface and fit opening cladding behind the fibre, its feel and surface pattern are similar to corium very much.
Embodiment 2
Adopt thermoplasticity polyethylene elastomer body (TPE) ester grain (melting flow index (MI)=20) with contain 10% not the polyethylene terephthalate ester grain IV=0.50 of the M-phthalic acid of ear percentage (IPA) respectively with the extruder melting, carry out composite spinning with 70/30 percentage by weight with tangerine lobe type spinneret that can film forming 8 lobe TPE compositions again, spinning temperature is about 280 ℃, coiling speed 600m/min, and the not extension silk (UDY) of fiber number 14dpf, intensity 1.0g/den, percentage elongation 500%.This is not extended silk with 70 ℃ of elongating temperatures, the condition of extension ratio 250% is extended, extend after fold, oil, dry, cut step such as cotton, can obtain the superfine fibre elastic cotton of fiber number 6.0dpf, intensity 2.3g/den, percentage elongation 200%, length 38mm.
This superfine fibre cotton is carried out step process such as opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton, tailor's cushion, can obtain 200g/m
2The Nonwovens of thickness 1.0mm, with this Nonwovens with 85 ℃ of Hot water immersion, the Nonwovens area is shunk reach 25%, Nonwovens longitudinal extension rate is 150%, the horizontal expansion rate is 200%, elastic recovery rate reaches 95% Nonwovens, and with the aqueous polyurethane resin of Nonwovens impregnation 200%, drying promptly obtains the semi-finished product cladding of artificial leather.
Next with grinder (sand paper specification: 240mesh) grind the cladding surface, surface fiber splits immediately, afterwards again with the high velocity air machine, by the huge air-flow that machine produced, make cladding be attracted the back with the high-speed impact dividing plate, cause the cladding internal fiber to split, this moment, cladding presented very soft, open fine situation with electron microscope observation cladding section, fiber total division into about 0.05～0.5 red Buddhist nun's superfine fibre, give the surface and fit opening cladding behind the fibre, its feel and surface pattern are similar to corium very much except cladding has elasticity.
Embodiment 3
Adopt polyamide ester grain RV=2.45 with contain 8% not the polyethylene terephthalate ester grain IV=0.65 of the M-phthalic acid of ear percentage (IPA) respectively with the extruder melting, again with about 70: 30 percentage by weight, carry out composite spinning with tangerine lobe type 24 hole spinnerets that can film forming 16 lobe polyamide compositions, spinning temperature is 290 ℃, coiling speed 2500m/min, and the part extension thread (POY) that gets fiber number 72D/24F, intensity 2.5g/dpf, percentage elongation 150%.This is partly extended silk with 140 ℃ of draft temperatures, extension ratio 120%, speed 60m/min, the condition of twist 30t/m is carried out false twisting processing, obtains the ultrathin fiber false twist processing silk (DTY) of intensity 3.0g/dpf, percentage elongation 50%.
With this superfine fibre silk as utilizing loom to be made into high-density fabric through weft yarn, with about 90 ℃ of Hot water immersion fabrics, fabric area is shunk to reach 25%, with the fabric after shrinking with grinder (sand paper specification: 400mesh) grind fabric face, surface fiber splits immediately, crumple with boarding machine more afterwards, by the multiple rubbing of returning of machine the fabric fiber is split, this moment, prepared fabric presented very soft, with the electron microscope observation fabric section, fiber total division becomes 0.02～0.15 red Buddhist nun's superfine fibre, and its feel and surface hairiness are similar to tSuede very much.
Though the present invention only cooperates icon to illustrate in detail with above-mentioned preferred embodiment, so it is not in order to limit the present invention.Anyly have the knack of this skill person, do various changes and modification as embodiment that can be according to the above description.Therefore, be understandable that the present invention contains all in this expection and fall into change and modification in the present invention spirit and the appended claim.
Claims (14)
1, a kind of superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method is characterized in that this method comprises the following step:
With weight ratio is 5: 95 to 95: 5, degree of crystallinity is 40%～95% high molecular polymer (A) and degree of crystallinity is that 1%～25% high molecular polymer (B) is 150～300 ℃ with spinning temperature, the composite spinning method of coiling speed 500～2000m/min is made a fiber, make formed fiber comprise a core and a film surrounds this core, wherein this core is radial spaced high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) along fiber section radially, and this film only is made of low crystallinity polymers (B), wherein this film has a thickness percentage Z, its scope is 0.1%≤Z≤5%, Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, wherein size Y is the external diameter of film, and size X is the internal diameter of film;
This fiber is made base cloth with opener, comb and parallel cotton fibers prior to spinning, folded cotton, tailor's cushion step;
Shrink this base cloth of processing;
After shrinking processing, with this base cloth impose resin impregnation, solidify, wash, dry processing;
Grind the base cloth surface that this has been processed with sand paper, make its surperficial fiber split;
The base cloth that carries out resin finishing is imposed the fine processing of branch, make the fiber of this base cloth inside split and make this superfine fibre artificial leather.
2, superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the fine processing of this branch is meant a kind of in the following manner:
Crumple the base cloth that this has carried out resin finishing repeatedly by the mechanical force that boarding machine produced;
Clash into the base cloth that this has carried out resin finishing by falling the mechanical force that bulging machine produces;
This base cloth that has carried out resin finishing of huge airstream suction that is produced by the high velocity air machine makes it with this machine of high-speed impact;
The current that produced by liquid streaming dyeing machine come repercussion, and this has carried out the base cloth of resin finishing.
3, superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this polymer (A) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of in the group that forms by polyamide base polymer, polyester polymer, polyolefin polymers, thermoplastic elastomer and polyvinyl alcohol polymer, and this thermoplastic elastomer makes the longitudinal tensile strain rate of this superfine fibre artificial leather be at least 50%, cross direction elongation be at least 50% and elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%.
A kind of in the group that is formed by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer, polyurethane elaster, polyamide elastomer.
4, superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this polymer (B) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of polyamide base polymer, one of monomer whose is by adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), M-phthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acids, 1,6 hexamethylene diamines, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylene diamines, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-3,3 '-dimethyl-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl propane, isophorone diamine, vinegar amine, 4,4 in vinegar amine, the bay in oneself '-a kind of in the group that methyl diphenylene diisocyanate and toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) are formed;
A kind of in the group that forms by dioctyl phthalate, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, M-phthalic acid, glycol, dimethanol, diester of a kind of polyester polymer, one of monomer whose;
A kind of polyamide class co-polymer, one of its composition be by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, NYLON610,4,4 '-a kind of in the group that diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride 6 is formed;
A kind of poly styrene polymer.
5, superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this contraction processing one of comprises in the following manner to be handled:
Handle this base cloth for 40～100 ℃ with hot water;
Handle this base cloth for 80～250 ℃ with hot blast;
With steam 0.1～10kg/cm
2Handle this base cloth.
6, superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this base cloth is made step and is comprised this fiber mixed to mix with weight ratio with a decrement type superfine fibre in 5: 95～95: 5 and make base cloth, and this method comprises in addition and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth.
7, superfine fibre artificial leather manufacture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this base cloth make step comprise with this fiber with a decrement type superfine fibre make base cloth make this fiber as the bottom fiber of base cloth and this decrement type superfine fibre as the surface fibre of base cloth, and method comprises in addition and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth.
9, a kind of superfine fibre method of producing fabric is characterized in that, this method comprises the following step:
With weight ratio is that 5: 95 to 95: 5 high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) is 150～300 ℃ with spinning temperature, coiling speed is that the composite spinning method of 2000～5000m/min is made a fiber, make formed fiber comprise a core and a film surrounds this core, wherein this core is radial spaced high-crystallinity copolymer (A) and low crystallinity polymers (B) along fiber section radially, and this film is made of low crystallinity polymers (B);
This fiber is made base cloth with Plain loom or knitting machine;
Shrink this base cloth of processing;
After shrinking processing, grind the surface of this base cloth with sand paper;
After shrinking processing, divide fine this base cloth of processing, make the film of this fabric fiber split and make this superfine fibre fabric.
10, superfine fibre method of producing fabric as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the fine processing of this branch is meant a kind of in the following manner:
Crumple the base cloth that this has shunk processing repeatedly by the mechanical force that boarding machine produced;
Clash into the base cloth that this has shunk processing by falling the mechanical force that bulging machine produces;
This base cloth that has shunk processing of huge airstream suction that is produced by the high velocity air machine makes it with this machine of high-speed impact;
The high-velocity flow that is produced by liquid streaming dyeing machine comes repercussion, and this has shunk the base cloth of processing.
11, superfine fibre method of producing fabric as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this polymer (A) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of in the group that forms by polyamide base polymer, polyester polymer, polyolefin polymers, thermoplastic elastomer and polyvinyl alcohol polymer, and this thermoplastic elastomer makes the longitudinal tensile strain rate of this superfine fibre artificial leather be at least 50%, cross direction elongation be at least 50% and elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%.
A kind of in the group that is formed by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer, polyurethane elaster, polyamide elastomer.
12, superfine fibre method of producing fabric as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this polymer (B) is a kind of in the following material:
A kind of polyamide base polymer, one of monomer whose is by adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), M-phthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acids, 1,6 hexamethylene diamines, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylene diamines, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-3,3 '-dimethyl-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride, 4,4 '-diaminourea-dicyclohexyl propane, isophorone diamine, vinegar amine, 4,4 in vinegar amine, the bay in oneself '-a kind of in the group that methyl diphenylene diisocyanate and toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) are formed;
A kind of in the group that forms by dioctyl phthalate, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, M-phthalic acid, glycol, dimethanol, diester of a kind of polyester polymer, one of monomer whose;
A kind of polyamide class co-polymer, one of its composition be by nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, NYLON610,4,4 '-a kind of in the group that diaminourea-dicyclohexyl methyl hydride 6 is formed;
A kind of poly styrene polymer.
13, superfine fibre method of producing fabric as claimed in claim 9, wherein this contraction processing one of comprises in the following manner and to handle:
Handle this base cloth for 40～100 ℃ with hot water;
Handle this base cloth for 80～250 ℃ with hot blast;
Handle this base cloth with steam 0.1～10kg/cm2.
14, superfine fibre method of producing fabric as claimed in claim 9, wherein this fabric is made step and is comprised this fiber mixed to mix with weight ratio with a decrement type superfine fibre in 5: 95～95: 5 and make base cloth, and this method comprises in addition and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth.
15, superfine fibre method of producing fabric as claimed in claim 9, wherein this fabric make step comprise with this fiber with a decrement type superfine fibre make base cloth make this fiber as the bottom fiber of base cloth and this decrement type superfine fibre as the surface fibre of base cloth, and method comprises in addition and utilizes a decrement procedure of processing to handle this base cloth.
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| CNB2004100006907A CN1309899C (en) | 2004-01-16 | 2004-01-16 | Superfine fiber artificial leather and fabric preparing method |
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| CNB2006101371714A Division CN100432755C (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-16 | Spatial light modulator and projector |
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| CN101798738B (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-07-25 | 厦门泓信超细纤维材料有限公司 | Splitting method of non-woven impregnated base fabric |
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| CN101798764B (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-10-10 | 厦门泓信超细纤维材料有限公司 | Dyeing method of artificial leather |
| CN101798763B (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2014-01-22 | 厦门泓信超细纤维材料有限公司 | Superfine fiber polyurethane synthesis leather and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101798764B (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-10-10 | 厦门泓信超细纤维材料有限公司 | Dyeing method of artificial leather |
| CN101798763B (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2014-01-22 | 厦门泓信超细纤维材料有限公司 | Superfine fiber polyurethane synthesis leather and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103966696A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-06 | 杭州汇维仕永盛染整有限公司 | Superfine fiber filament and no-dyed chamois leather fabric |
| CN103966692A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-06 | 杭州汇维仕永盛染整有限公司 | Nylon superfine fiber filament and skin feeling pile fabric |
| CN113389056A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2021-09-14 | 三芳化学工业股份有限公司 | Composite long fiber textile and environment-friendly composite long fiber artificial leather prepared from same |
| CN109695113A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-30 | 河南光远新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of electronics cloth fiber-opening apparatus |
| CN109695113B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2023-09-05 | 河南光远新材料股份有限公司 | Electronic cloth fiber opening device |
| CN111926587A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-13 | 安安(中国)有限公司 | Environment-friendly aqueous superfine fiber synthetic leather and processing method thereof |
| CN111926587B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-11-22 | 安安(中国)有限公司 | Environment-friendly aqueous superfine fiber synthetic leather and processing method thereof |
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