CN1635868A - 牙齿表面美白条 - Google Patents

牙齿表面美白条 Download PDF

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CN1635868A
CN1635868A CNA038042614A CN03804261A CN1635868A CN 1635868 A CN1635868 A CN 1635868A CN A038042614 A CNA038042614 A CN A038042614A CN 03804261 A CN03804261 A CN 03804261A CN 1635868 A CN1635868 A CN 1635868A
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D·B·维斯茨奥
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Abstract

薄而柔韧的膜，当应用于被污染的牙齿时其被唾液水合并以这种形式有效地美白牙齿，此膜包含无水可水合的环氧乙烷聚合物基质，此基质包含固体过氧化物美白剂，由此一旦应用于受污染的牙齿表面，当此膜被安置和放置于牙齿时，过氧化物美白剂就被存在于口腔中的唾液溶解成活性美白活度。

Description

牙齿表面美白条
技术领域
本发明一般涉及美白人类牙齿的体系，并且更尤其涉及用于向牙齿施用美白剂以便从其表面除去污染的条。
背景技术
牙齿由内部的牙本质层和外部的硬牙釉质层构成，牙釉质层是牙的保护层。牙齿的牙釉质层天然地为不透明的白色或微黄白色。正是此牙釉质层会被污染或变色。牙齿的牙釉质层由羟磷灰石矿物晶体组成，此晶体在一定程度上产生多孔表面。人们相信釉质层的这一多孔性质是使污染因子和变色物质渗透釉质并使牙齿变色的原因。
在日常生活中人们面对和接触的许多物质会“污染”或降低人们牙齿的“白度”。人们消费的食品、烟草产品和流体例如茶和咖啡尤其倾向于污染人们的牙齿。这些产品或物质易于累积在牙齿的釉质层并形成覆盖牙齿的膜。然后这些污染和变色物质会渗透釉质层。这一问题在许多年间逐渐发生，但是会使人们牙齿的釉质层发生显著变色。
本领域已知的美白牙齿的方法包括如通过刷牙向牙齿应用在US 5,256,402和US 5,814,309中公开的类型的包含过氧化物的牙膏组合物。
最近许多种非处方牙齿美白系统已经有售，包括包含塑料薄膜薄条的美白系统，此塑料薄膜含有施加于其表面的如在US 5,894,017、US 5,891,453和6,045,811中描述的牙齿美白组合物。虽然当这些系统被施用于被污染的牙齿时产生美白效果，但是本领域仍在不断地寻找改进和提高牙齿美白度的新系统。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于将包含一些物质的组合物进行应用从而使被污染的牙齿表面变白的系统，其中提供了能够粘附于湿润牙齿表面的薄膜，此薄膜包含由一种或多种环氧乙烷聚合物构成的无水的、可水合的基质，和水溶性增塑剂，此基质加入有效量的固体水溶性美白剂，当其在口腔中被唾液溶解而从膜中释放时，美白施用此薄膜的牙齿。
优选实施方案的描述
本发明的可水合的聚环氧乙烷薄膜可以被制成厚度为约20-约1500微米(μm)，并且优选约50-约1000μm。无水膜包含非活性状态的固体过氧化物美白剂。在口腔中通过唾液水合膜溶解了在环氧乙烷聚合物基质中加入的水溶性固体美白剂，美白剂从而被激活并释放至薄膜施用的牙齿表面。
通过改变膜厚度、聚合物性质和美白剂浓度能控制美白剂溶解和此后释放出来与牙齿表面接触的速度，此浓度通常在膜重量的约0.1％-约30％之间变化，优选在约0.5％-约25％之间变化。
适于本发明实施的固体美白剂包括过氧化物、金属亚氯酸盐、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸、过硫酸盐和它们的组合。合适的过氧化物化合物包括过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过氧化钙和它们的混合物。合适的金属亚氯酸盐包括亚氯酸钙、亚氯酸钡、亚氯酸镁、亚氯酸锂、亚氯酸钠和亚氯酸钾。优选的亚氯酸盐是亚氯酸钠。优选的过碳酸盐是过碳酸钠。优选的过硫酸盐是OxnesTM。
用于本发明目的的环氧乙烷聚合物包括分子量在约10,000道尔顿-约10,000,000道尔顿，优选约100,000-约1,500,000道尔顿之间变化的环氧乙烷聚合物的均聚物或混合物。这种环氧乙烷聚合物可从各种来源购得。分子量为10,000-1,000,000道尔顿的聚环氧乙烷以商品名“Polyox”购自Union Carbide Company，并且优选用于本发明的目的。环氧乙烷聚合物占本发明膜重量的约50％-约95％，并且优选占约60％-约85％。
用于本发明目的的增塑剂选自二醇例如丙二醇、聚乙二醇，多元醇例如甘油和山梨醇以及甘油酯例如甘油三醋酸酯。增塑剂占本发明膜重量的约5％-30％，并且优选占约10％-约25％。
用于本发明的优选的增塑剂是甘油，以及丙二醇或聚乙二醇例如购自UnionCarbide Corporation，如它们的Carbowaxes系列，分子量为200-600道尔顿。
除加入过氧化物美白剂和增塑剂外，膜基质中也可以包括少量例如以重量计0.01％-2％例如抗氧化剂、防腐剂、香料和着色剂的组分。
环氧乙烷聚合物膜的一侧也可以涂覆有薄保护涂层，例如10纳米(mm)-500微米(μm)厚，其作为阻止溶解的增白剂从基质向口腔粘膜释放的屏障，借此获得美白剂仅在牙齿表面上的单向释放。
涂层材料以足够薄的层应用，以便不影响膜的柔韧性，并使美白条能符合一排牙齿的排列。
涂层材料可以是高分子量物质(即分子量大于1,000,000道尔顿)的一种或组合，并且包括乙基纤维素、丙基纤维素、异丙基纤维素、丁基纤维素、叔丁基纤维素、醋酸纤维素和聚乙烯醇的衍生物例如聚醋酸乙烯酯和虫胶。
本发明的环氧乙烷聚合物膜可以利用常规挤出或溶剂流延方法制备。例如，通过溶剂流延聚环氧乙烷来制备膜，将环氧乙烷聚合物或聚合物的混合物溶解于足量的与聚合物相容的溶剂。合适的溶剂的例子包括水、醇类、丙酮、乙酸乙酯或它们的混合物。在溶液形成后，在搅拌下加入增塑剂，如果需要，加热以帮助溶解，直到形成透明且均匀的溶液，然后加入美白剂和任何其它组分例如香料。将溶液涂覆在合适的载体材料上并干燥以形成膜。载体材料必须具有能使聚合物溶液沿预期的载体宽度平坦地延展的表面张力，而不会浸入而在两种基质之间形成破坏性的键。合适的载体材料的例子包括玻璃、不锈钢、特氟隆、聚乙烯浸渍的牛皮纸。
在本发明中使用的膜不包含蜡、聚乙烯、聚酯、羟丙基纤维素和/或抗微生物剂。
膜的干燥可以在高温空气浴中进行，利用干燥烘箱、烘道、真空干燥器或任何其它合适的干燥设备，其不会不利地影响膜的活性组分或香料。
为了容易使用，将干燥膜切割成合适尺寸和形式的片，并装入合适的容器。
为使用本发明的美白膜条，当被应用于牙齿表面当被口腔中的唾液水合或通过将条浸入水中预湿润时，膜会以合适的方式附着于牙齿。这样，使美白条形成适于覆盖一排牙齿(上排或下排)的宽度尺寸。因此，可以将美白条单独地或同时地施用于上排矛齿或下排牙齿。美白条的长度尺寸由所需的覆盖量确定。这样，需要美白的牙齿的数目将决定美白条的尺寸。例如，可能仅需要美白前面的牙齿，它们是最容易被他人看见的。相应地，与需要美白所有牙齿的情况相比，在这种情况下可以减少美白条的长度。美白剂应用于牙齿的持续时间取决于美白剂的类型和浓度，以及污染的类型和强度。
通过下面的实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
在剧烈搅拌下，将10.0克(g.)聚环氧乙烷(M.W.200,000，Aldrich)缓慢地加入到85.0g加热至约80℃的去离子水中，以形成半透明且有粘性的溶液。向此溶液中加入2.5g甘油并搅拌约30分钟。将此混合物冷却至40℃以下，加入2.4g过碳酸钠粉末并充分搅拌。将得到的白色混合物流延在玻璃板上并使其干燥过夜。白色干燥膜形成，其能容易地从玻璃板上剥离。干燥膜的厚度为约160μm并且包含相当于膜重量约3.4％的过氧化氢。
通过在被污染的牛牙釉质板表面湿润和放置膜片(14mm×15mm，重23毫克(mg.))来检验此膜(称作“膜A”)的美白效力，此牙釉质板如“In Vitro Removalof Stain with Dentifrice”，G.K.Stookey，T.A.Barkhard and B.R.Schemerhorn，J.Dental Res.，61，1236-9(1982)中的描述制备并从印第安那大学的口腔卫生研究所获得。将一张湿纸巾放在膜上面以保持水分。30分钟后，除去纸巾和残留的膜，并用水冲洗牙齿。在处理前和处理后，用Minolta比色计型号CR321测量并记录牙齿的色度，其中“L”是眼睛对亮度和暗度感应的量度，L值越高牙齿显得越白。
为了比较的目的，将在US5,894,017中公开的包含5.2％重量过氧化氢的市售牙齿美白条(称作“膜B”)也切割成重40mg的相似尺寸，按照实施例1的步骤被用来处理相似污染的牛牙釉质板30分钟。处理的膜A和B的L值的变化记录在下面表I中。
表I
   膜   重量(mg)  H2O2wt.％  初始L   最终L   dL
   A    23        3.4           37.32   62.09   24.77B    40        5.2           37.43   44.67   7.24
在上面表I中记录的结果显示，按照本发明制备的膜A的美白效力远高于市售美白条(膜B)的效力，尽管其具有显著较低的过氧化物含量。
实施例2
利用1.0g聚环氧乙烷(M.W.400,000道尔顿)制备一系列膜，在剧烈搅拌下将聚环氧乙烷缓慢地加入约80.0g加热至约80℃的热去离子水中。在维持相同温度并持续搅拌的同时，向溶液中缓慢加入另一10.0g聚环氧乙烷(M.W.200,000道尔顿)。在聚环氧乙烷彻底溶解后，形成半透明且有粘性的溶液/混悬液。通过在约80℃加热并搅拌另两个小时来浓缩溶液。将溶液冷却至室温(23℃)。
向上面的溶液中加入3.3g甘油并搅拌约30分钟，直到获得均相溶液。随后，加入3.0g过碳酸钠粉末并将其与聚环氧乙烷溶液彻底混合来形成白色、稠密凝胶状混悬液。
通过在玻璃板上流延上述凝胶状混悬液并在室温(23℃)干燥过夜来制备独立的膜。在干燥后，膜形成，并且能容易地从玻璃板剥离。膜是柔韧而结实的，其可以弯曲或折叠而不会破裂。制备薄和厚两种膜。薄膜称作“C”，厚度为约100μm，且包含约2.9％重量的过氧化氢。
厚膜，称作“膜D”，厚度为500μm，过氧化氢含量为3.4％重量。
通过在柔软的棉布上流延如上制备的聚过氧化氢混悬液并在空气中干燥来制备第三块承载膜。得到的条(称作“膜E”)的过氧化氢含量为承载膜重量的1.5％重量。
利用被污染的牛牙釉质板重复实施例1的美白试验步骤来测定膜C、D、E的牙齿美白效力。在处理前和处理后利用Minolta比色计型号CR321记录牙齿色度的变化。作为比较，将一片市售的美白条(实施例1的膜B)也切割成相似的尺寸并用来处理另一牛牙齿30分钟。这些试验的结果记录在表II中。
表II
    膜   H2O2wt.％  初始L    最终L    dL
    C    2.9           28.98    47.56    18.58D    3.4           38.28    65.21    26.93E    3.0           40.07    61.82    21.75B    4.6           33.33    41.54    8.21
与比较的市售美白条膜B相比，受污染的牛牙釉质板与本发明的膜C、D和E接触30分钟后的色度显示出优异的美白效力。

Claims (9)

1.薄而柔韧的膜，当应用于被污染的牙齿时其被唾液水合并以这种形式有效地美白牙齿，此膜包含无水可水合的环氧乙烷聚合物基质，此基质包含固体过氧化物美白剂，由此一旦应用于受污染的牙齿表面，当此膜被安置和放置于牙齿时，过氧化物美白剂就被存在于口腔中的唾液溶解成活性美白活度，其中环氧乙烷聚合物的分子量为约100,000-10,000,000道尔顿。
2.权利要求1的膜，其中环氧乙烷聚合物的分子量为约100,000-1,500,000道尔顿。
3.权利要求1的膜，其中环氧乙烷聚合物占膜重量的约50％-约95％。
4.权利要求1的膜，其中膜包含约0.1％-约30％重量的固体美白剂。
5.权利要求1的膜，其中美白剂是过碳酸钠。
6.权利要求1的膜，其中在基质中加入增塑剂。
7.权利要求6的膜，其中增塑剂以约5.0％-约30.0％重量的浓度存在于基质中。
8.权利要求6的膜，其中增塑剂是甘油。
9.权利要求1的膜，膜的厚度为约20μm-约1500μm。
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