CN1633052A - A method of signal transmission in OFDM system - Google Patents
A method of signal transmission in OFDM system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1633052A CN1633052A CN 200310121897 CN200310121897A CN1633052A CN 1633052 A CN1633052 A CN 1633052A CN 200310121897 CN200310121897 CN 200310121897 CN 200310121897 A CN200310121897 A CN 200310121897A CN 1633052 A CN1633052 A CN 1633052A
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Abstract
This invention discloses a signal transmission method in an orthogonal EFM communication system including: the emit party encodes the being transmitted data then transits them to the receiving party after disturbance, interleaving, QAM modulation and physical channel image, which characterizes that before disturbing the due out data, the emit party utilizes the minimum encoding rate to carry out channel encode to them, then utilizes the coded data to occupy the distributed time and frequency resources, said encode rate is determined by the assigned lattice point rate and original due out symbol rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mobile wireless data transmission technique field, be meant a kind of method that signal sends in OFDM (OFDM) communication system especially.
Background technology
Along with development of Communication Technique, time division multiple access (TDMA) technology, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technology and code division multiple access (CDMA) technology have appearred in succession.Fdma system is relevant with the design of system with the number of users that time-division multiple address system can be supported, is determined fully by the channel architecture of system.During plot planning, require on frequency, can not overlap between the neighbor cell.This requirement has increased the difficulty of plot planning, has also limited the flexibility of power system capacity.Even the neighbor cell user seldom, this sub-district can not utilize the frequency of neighbor cell.
In code division multiple access system, different users distinguishes by spreading code and scrambler.Utilize the spread spectrum mode of spreading code, different users takies all bandwidth of the frequency of distribution simultaneously.Be mutual interference between the user, this interference is that the gain of dedicated bandwidth overcomes.In code division multiple access system, the reuse factor of frequency is 1.That is to say that neighbor cell can adopt same frequency.And, when around the sub-district to this area interference hour, the data throughput of more user and Geng Gao can be supported in this sub-district.Therefore, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) can reduce the complexity of frequency planning, can utilize whole frequency resource more freely simultaneously.
At present, adopt the mobile radio communications system of OFDM technology to be paid close attention to gradually.OFDM is that the bandwidth that will take is divided into a lot of subcarriers, and user's signal carries on subcarrier.As shown in Figure 1, take a subcarrier on the frequency, take the time of an OFDM symbol on the time, be called a time-frequency lattice point.Dash area is expressed as the time-frequency lattice point of certain CU among the figure.User in sub-district shares all time-frequency lattice points, and different users takies different time-frequency lattice points respectively, is completely orthogonal between user and the user.
Compare with cdma system, the user in ofdm system in the sub-district not only can flexible utilization bandwidth and time resource, but also has guaranteed that the interference between the user in the sub-district is very little.But, be bigger for the interference between the user of different districts.
Be the interference problem between the user who solves the ofdm system different districts, a kind of solution is to adopt the mode of frequency division to plan the frequency of sub-district, makes the frequency of neighbor cell mutually disjoint.As shown in Figure 2, with frequency band F
TBe divided into F
1, F
2, F
3Three different frequency ranges are with frequency range F
1, F
2, F
3Distribute to S respectively
N1, S
N2, S
N3Three sectors.If asynchronous between the base station, then the signal of three frequency ranges can strict orthogonal, still can produce certain interference.Therefore, the subcarrier that need reserve some OFDM at the two ends of each frequency range in the filter action of recipient by filter, guarantees that the interference between three sectors is less as boundary belt.Under the situation of base station synchronization, each sector is as long as adopt frequency band F
TInterior different subcarrier just can guarantee signal in orthogonal between three sectors, and a continuous frequency band needn't necessarily be adopted in each sector.This mode can effectively solve the interference problem of inter-cell user, but because the frequency difference of neighbor cell, the mode of this frequency division has been brought trouble to plot planning.Simultaneously, this design is to design at the worst situation, and promptly all sub-districts all are under the situation about being fully loaded with.Under neighbor cell user situation seldom, the user of this sub-district can not utilize the frequency of other sub-districts.
For the problem that solves plot planning in the ofdm system with utilize frequency resource better, can consider that neighbor cell adopts identical frequency.In 3GPP R1-030799, a kind of pattern of distributing running time-frequency resource has been proposed, this pattern has guaranteed when neighbor cell adopts same frequency, mutually orthogonal between the user of inside, sub-district, the joining of running time-frequency resource on time-frequency plane that any two users of two neighbor cells distribute seldom, as 1～2.Like this, when neighbor cell adopted identical frequency, if sub-district on every side is fully loaded with, then peripheral cell was at random to arbitrary user's of this sub-district interference, is similar to Gauss's white noise; When around the community user number more after a little while, peripheral cell is less to arbitrary user's of this sub-district interference.Therefore, can resist the interference between the different districts by taking more resources (time, frequency, power).Thereby realize that frequency duplex factor as one is 1 frequency planning and better utilization frequency resource.A kind of launching technique that simply takies more resources is directly to adopt the method for spread spectrum in the cdma system in the ofdm system, increases the number that is subjected to the time-frequency lattice point that interference user takies.
Introduce below that the WCDMA system overcomes the method for disturbing between the user by taking more resources in the prior art.
Suppose that original data are s (n), the symbol that then original data are modulated later on through chnnel coding is f (n), selects spreading code according to the speed of the modulation symbol f (n) that will transmit again.Select the rule of spreading code to be: the longest spreading code of choosing satisfied " speed of the spreading rate/f (n) of the length of spreading code≤can be utilized by this user ".
For example, suppose that the character rate that will transmit is 200Ksps (a symbol per second), the utilizable spreading rate of system is 3.84Mcps (a chip per second), and then the length of spreading code must be less than 3.84M/200K=19.2.Under the ovsf code situation, code length can only select 2 inferior power.Therefore, selecting spreading code length is 16.
Suppose that code word is c through after the scrambling
n(0), c
n(1) ..., c
n(15); Use in emission side ..., f (n-1) c
N-1(0), f (n-1) c
N-1(1) ..., f (n-1) c
N-1(15), f (n) c
n(0), f (n) c
n(1) ..., f (n) c
n(15) signal is launched the signal that each will send ..., f (n-1), f (n) ....; At recipient r to the received signal
n(0), r
n(1) ..., r
n(15) take following processing mode,
If there is multipath in the signal that receives, can suppose to receive M signal directly is r
n m(0), r
n m(1) ..., r
n m(15), m=0,1 ... M-1.Signal to every footpath adopts
Processing mode, spread spectrum has been removed in this processing, and signal has been reverted to symbol level.General cdma system can carry out channel estimating to the signal of the symbol level after the despreading, and Rake merges, processing such as channel decoding.
In the down link of WCDMA system, all users' time synchronized, therefore the code word of descending different user is a quadrature, can reduce the interference between the user.And the ovsf code word resource of quadrature itself is limited, and promptly the summation of f (n) speed after all users' the coding is limited.Therefore adopted code rate than higher chnnel coding in the WCDMA system, according to data rates different after the chnnel coding select just in time can transmit data rate the ovsf code word so that the ovsf code word of selecting is long as far as possible.
The up transmission that can not guarantee all users in the WCDMA up link is synchronous, therefore no longer adopts the bandspread factor code of quadrature, and adopts different scramblers to distinguish, and the interference between the user is similar to Gauss's white noise.Because adopt the Rake receiver to overcome multipath in the WCDMA system, therefore, up link is selected the spread spectrum code word, also the length of the feasible spread spectrum code word that adopts is long as far as possible, just in time can transfer information data.
From above-mentioned example as can be seen, in the WCDMA system, because the restriction of orthogonal code resource and Rake receiver, the uplink and downlink link has all adopted selects long as far as possible spread spectrum code word.And, carry out spread spectrum by the mode that on different chips, transmits identical information, promptly by the simple mode that repeats.Chnnel coding is compared the gain that has on the coding with the simple coded system that repeats, and generally can reach several dB.And descendingly in the WCDMA system be subjected to the restriction of code word can't consider to come instead of part to repeat with chnnel coding, and up consideration Rake receiver is not considered to come instead of part to repeat with chnnel coding yet.In the WCDMA system, if select the lower chnnel coding of speed, and adopt short spreading code, then can influence the whole system throughput, perhaps influence the performance of up reception.Be that the mode of selection spreading code is to select long as far as possible spreading code in the WCDMA system.
Therefore, in ofdm system, can adopt following radiation pattern: a (k, l)=f (n) c (k, l), k ∈ K={s (n) time corresponding index set }, the Frequency Index set that l ∈ L={s (n) is corresponding } wherein, f (n) is the signal of modulating after the chnnel coding that will send, c (k, l) be scrambler, (k, (k l) locates the signal launched to a l) to be illustrated in the time-frequency lattice point.
But, because ofdm system is compared with the WCDMA system, user in the sub-district distinguishes by taking different time-frequency lattice points, no longer need to utilize the spread spectrum code word to distinguish users different in the same sub-district, so the signal rate of modulating after the ofdm system chnnel coding no longer is subjected to the restriction of code word; Therefore ofdm system is on each time-frequency lattice point, and signal can be thought multipath signal, does not also need to resemble the decline that overcomes multipath the WCDMA system up-link with the code word of growing.In a word, the speed of ofdm system after to chnnel coding without limits, the length of spreading code also can be arbitrarily little, even can be 1.Because different scramblers can be adopted in two different sub-districts, the length of spreading code is very short, do not influence the user's of two different districts differentiation yet, simultaneously again because the user's of two different districts time-frequency allocation model can adopt the mode among the 3GPP R1-030799, thereby guarantee that the mutual interference between the user of two sub-districts is at random, and then can correctly distinguish the user of two sub-districts.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the objective of the invention is These characteristics at OFDM, a kind of method that signal sends in ofdm system is provided, overcome the interference problem between the sub-district of adopting same frequency, thereby can adopt reuse factor in ofdm system is 1 frequency planning, lower the complexity of frequency planning, utilize the resource of frequency more flexibly.A kind of method that signal sends in ofdm system provided by the invention comprises:
Emission side determines the code rate scope, select minimum code rate that the signal that will transmit is carried out chnnel coding according to the code rate scope, and the data behind the described coding take the running time-frequency resource that is distributed, again through scrambling, interweave, QAM modulation and carry out the physical channel mapping after, utilize the data after the running time-frequency resource that is distributed will be encoded to be sent to the recipient.
This method may further include: set in advance the chnnel coding table that comprises some code rates according to shannon formula; The code rate of described minimum is to select from the chnnel coding table.
Code rate minimum in described some code rates can be 1/18 or 1/36.
Described code rate is greater than the ratio of the described original data rate that will transmit with the time-frequency lattice point speed of described distribution.
Described chnnel coding adopts the coded system of string and series-parallel connection.
If the data behind coding can not take the running time-frequency resource of distribution, the then described running time-frequency resource that is distributed that takes is to utilize the data that simply repeat behind this coding to realize.
Adopt different scramblers in scrambling described in the different districts of described orthogonal FDM communication system.
The intersection point of any two CU running time-frequency resources is for being less than or equal to two in the different districts of described orthogonal FDM communication system.
The present invention encodes by selecting lower code rate, and then through scrambling, interweave, QAM modulation and carry out being sent to the recipient after the physical channel mapping.This method is owing to adopt lower code rate, thereby produce new gain, the transmitting power that reduces the error rate and need, simultaneously owing to adopt the chnnel coding of string and series-parallel connection, the recipient can adopt the mode of iterative decoding to improve the performance of decoding, solve effectively that reuse factor is 1 o'clock inter-cell user interference problem in the ofdm system, lower the complexity of frequency planning, utilize frequency resource more flexibly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an OFDM time-frequency lattice point schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the frequency-divided scheme schematic diagram of ofdm system in the prior art;
Fig. 3 realizes the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method;
The schematic diagram of the specific embodiment that Fig. 4 encodes for the present invention;
Fig. 5 obtains the modular structure schematic diagram of 1/3 code rate for coding in parallel;
Fig. 6 obtains the modular structure schematic diagram of 1/4 code rate for tandem coding.
Embodiment
Other sub-districts need the more time-frequency lattice point of CU of this sub-district to overcome noise to the interference of this sub-district when reducing that neighbor cell adopts same frequency in ofdm system.Method of the present invention is for adopting the user of resource more frequently, consider to carry out the chnnel coding of lower code rate earlier, be that corresponding shannon limit approaches-code rate of 1.6dB, remaining redundancy adopts and simply repeats to take the running time-frequency resource that is distributed.
Describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Need to prove, at shannon formula
C is a channel capacity, and W is the channel width that requirement takies, E
b/ N
oBe signal to noise ratio, C/W/2 is a code rate.Can draw by shannon formula
And different code rates is needed minimum
Difference, along with the minimizing of C/W, needed
Reduce, C/W under extreme case → 0 o'clock,
The shannon limit of different code rate correspondences sees Table 1.
| Code rate | Shannon limit |
| ????1/2 | ????0dB |
| ????1/3 | ????-0.7dB |
| ????1/4 | ????-0.8dB |
| ????1/6 | ????-1.08dB |
| ????1/9 | ????-1.25dB |
| ????1/18 | ????-1.42dB |
| ????1/36 | ????-1.50dB |
Table 1
By table 1 as can be seen along with the minimizing of C/W,
Significantly decrease.As, the Shannon of 1/9 rate coding correspondence is limited to-1.25dB, and the Shannon of 1/18 rate coding correspondence is limited to-1.42dB, and the Shannon of infinite bandwidth is limited to-1.6dB, and the encoding ratio of the coding of 1/9 code rate and 1/3 code rate has the gain of 0.55dB.
Therefore, the present invention will determine the chnnel coding table of one group of different coding speed in advance according to the shannon limit of different coding speed.For example we can select following one group of speed the chnnel coding table 1/2,1/3,1/4,1/6,1/9,1/18}.The minimum code rate of this group chnnel coding in principle can be low arbitrarily, but owing to the attenuating along with code rate, the gain that can obtain reduces gradually.For example, the shannon limit of 1/18 correspondence be-shannon limit of 1.42dB and infinite bandwidth by comparison, gain only differs 0.18dB, and can certainly select minimum code rate is 1/36, and its Shannon is limited to-1.50dB, at this moment with the shannon limit of infinite bandwidth relatively, have only-gap of 1.0dB.General we can require the shannon limit of the shannon limit of minimum code rate and infinite bandwidth very near, and difference for example is less than 0.2dB.Therefore, consider performance, the minimum code rate that can select is 1/18 or 1/36.Lower code rate again, its gain also only has 0.1～0.2dB.Can no longer consider lower code rate.
Consider that code rate is low more, its coding and decoding complexity can be higher, therefore, need combination property and decoding complexity to determine the minimum code rate of our chnnel coding, for example, under the situation that complexity can not be born, the difference of shannon limit that can consider the shannon limit of minimum code rate and infinite bandwidth is at 0.3dB, within the scope of 0.4dB.In a word, to the selection of minimum code rate, we only need to consider the gain and the complexity of coding, and the data volume after the chnnel coding is no longer limited.
To the chnnel coding of each code rate, can adopt any channel coding schemes that approaches shannon limit on the performance in principle.
Referring to shown in Figure 4, among the figure basic coding module, by coding module and interleaving block, finish the structure of the chnnel coding of different coding speed.Wherein, the coding of last three bits, the input of with dashed lines part replaces the input of initial data.In specific operation process, chnnel coding can adopt basic convolution code unit to carry out the series, parallel mode and make up the scheme that obtains different coding speed.Fig. 5 is for obtaining 1/3 channel coding method.Referring to shown in Figure 5,1/3 chnnel coding obtains by the parallel connection of two basic coding pieces, and wherein the system bits bit of second encoding block is not exported.Like this, 1/2 chnnel coding can obtain by the punching of two-way Y, Y ' in 1/3 chnnel coding being carried out 1/2 speed; Be the schematic diagram of tandem coding as shown in Figure 6,1/4 chnnel coding can obtain by the series connection of two basic coding pieces; 1/6 chnnel coding can obtain by the series connection of 1/3 chnnel coding and a basic coding piece; 1/9 chnnel coding can obtain by the series connection of two 1/3 encoding blocks; 1/18 chnnel coding can obtain by the series connection of 1/9 chnnel coding and a basic coding piece.Wherein, interleaver can adopt the interleaver among the 3GPP TS25.212.Basic coding unit is not limited to convolution code, also can adopt loe-density parity-check code etc.
Here, utilize basic coding unit and interleaving block to carry out connection in series-parallel, thereby obtain the coding of different rates, its advantage is to have reduced the existing unit that coding and decoding can be shared, has reduced the complexity of coding and decoding.And, after the coded system of using string and mixing, can adopt iterate soft to declare decoded mode, can export the extra information of some original information bits, these extra information are commonly referred to as external information, and unit such as demodulation can utilize these information to improve the performance of system.
Referring to shown in Figure 3, realize that method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Step 301: determine the scope of code rate according to the time-frequency lattice point speed that takies and the original symbol data speed that will transmit, concrete principle is: the speed of the time-frequency lattice point of the code rate＞original symbol data speed that will transmit/take.
Step 302: the channel coding schemes of from the chnnel coding table, selecting code rate minimum in the code rate scope, utilize selected channel coding schemes that the data that will transmit are carried out chnnel coding, utilize the data after encoding to take the running time-frequency resource that is distributed again.At this moment, the data behind coding may take running time-frequency resource, also may not take the running time-frequency resource that is distributed.If can not take the running time-frequency resource that is distributed, all running time-frequency resources that can utilize data behind the simple repeated encoding to take distribution get final product.
For example: the speed of distributing to user's time-frequency lattice point is 3.84M time-frequency lattice point/second, and data rate is 200K symbol/per second, then 1/18＞200/3.84M=1/19.2.Therefore, at chnnel coding table { 1/2,1/3,1/4,1/6,1/9, select for use 1/18 code rate that data are encoded among the 1/18}, the data rate behind the coding is 3.6M symbol/per second, and these data are still filled out the discontented running time-frequency resource that distributes, therefore can adopt the mode of the data behind the repeated encoding, take whole running time-frequency resource.For another example, the speed of distributing to user's time-frequency lattice point is 3.84M time-frequency lattice point/second, transmit the data of 400Ksps (sps symbol per second), because 1/9＞400/3.84M=1/9.6＞1/18, therefore at chnnel coding table { 1/2,1/3,1/4,1/6,1/9, select 1/9 speed to carry out chnnel coding among the 1/18}, utilize again and repeat to take whole running time-frequency resource.
Step 303: emission side will take the coded data of the running time-frequency resource that is distributed, through scrambling, interweave, QAM modulation and carry out being sent to the recipient after the physical channel mapping.
For the interference between the subscriber signal that guarantees different sub-districts is at random, scrambling wherein will guarantee that the scrambler of different sub-districts is different.Physical channel mapping wherein will guarantee that the joining of running time-frequency resource on time-frequency plane that takies between two users of different sub-districts is seldom, for example 1～2 intersection point.
After the recipient receives data, at first, then the data of extracting are carried out the QAM demodulation, decipher entering the channel decoding unit behind the data deinterlacing after the demodulation, the descrambling again at the position extracts physical channel data of the running time-frequency resource that distributes.
The difference of existed systems such as the present invention and WCDMA system has been to adopt the more chnnel coding of low rate, with the coding gain that utilizes more bandwidth to bring.Because ofdm system is compared the WCDMA system, the user in the sub-district is a mutually orthogonal, and the interference ratio WCDMA system in the sub-district is little.But, adopt at neighbor cell under the situation of same frequency, even two patterns that the sub-district adopts different user's time-frequencies at random to distribute, the interference of two sub-districts has been randomizations, does not reduce.Guarantee normal communication, can adopt the way of a more running time-frequency resource of CU in the sub-district, guarantee user's performance.Therefore, for adopting the user of resource more frequently, consider to carry out the chnnel coding of lower code rate earlier, remaining redundancy adopts simple repetition again.Because the mode difference that the user's of two sub-districts time-frequency is cut apart, and the scrambler difference that the signal on the time-frequency lattice point is carried out scrambling, so the interference between the sub-district can be thought the class Gaussian noise.Because the interference in the ofdm system in the sub-district overcomes,, in the WCDMA system being limited in the ofdm system of spread spectrum no longer existed so only need overcome the interference of class Gauss's minizone.Therefore, in ofdm system, adopt the time-frequency extended mode that has more gains, new gain has been arranged on overcome presence of intercell interference.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method that signal sends in orthogonal FDM communication system, this method comprises: the signal that emission side will send is encoded, again through scrambling, interweave, after QAM modulation and the physical channel mapping, utilize the data after the running time-frequency resource that is distributed will be encoded to be sent to the recipient, it is characterized in that:
Emission side determines the code rate scope, select minimum code rate that the signal that will transmit is carried out chnnel coding according to the code rate scope, and the data behind the described coding takes the running time-frequency resource that is distributed.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this method further comprises: set in advance the chnnel coding table that comprises some code rates according to shannon formula;
The chnnel coding of described minimum code rate is to select from the chnnel coding table.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, code rate minimum in described some code rates is 1/18, or 1/36.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described code rate scope is greater than the ratio of the described original data rate that will transmit with the time-frequency lattice point speed of described distribution.
5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described chnnel coding adopts the coded system of string and series-parallel connection.
6, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, if the data behind coding can not take the running time-frequency resource of distribution, the then described running time-frequency resource that is distributed that takes is to utilize the data that simply repeat behind this coding to realize.
7, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts different scramblers in scrambling described in the different districts of described orthogonal FDM communication system.
8, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the intersection point of any two CU running time-frequency resources is for being less than or equal to two in the different districts of described orthogonal FDM communication system.
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| CN104981996A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-10-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Channel coding and decoding method and device for data exchange service |
| US10243698B2 (en) | 2013-12-30 | 2019-03-26 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Channel coding/decoding method for data exchange service, and device |
| CN104981996B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2019-04-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | The channel coding/decoding method and apparatus of data exchange service |
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