CN1632891A - magnetorheological fluid - Google Patents
magnetorheological fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN1632891A CN1632891A CN 200410081618 CN200410081618A CN1632891A CN 1632891 A CN1632891 A CN 1632891A CN 200410081618 CN200410081618 CN 200410081618 CN 200410081618 A CN200410081618 A CN 200410081618A CN 1632891 A CN1632891 A CN 1632891A
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- Prior art keywords
- flow liquid
- magnetic flow
- surfactant
- carbonyl iron
- magnetic
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Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 amine salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WSANZYFPFILJKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[bis(2-hydroxypentyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxypentyl)amino]pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CN(CC(O)CCC)CCN(CC(O)CCC)CC(O)CCC WSANZYFPFILJKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- AOMUHOFOVNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)CCO AOMUHOFOVNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetorheological fluid, which has good anti-settling agglomeration stability, lower zero field viscosity and good lubricating and antifriction properties, and consists of a carbonyl iron powder magnetic suspension phase with the particle size of (0.1-50) mu m, a mineral oil carrier liquid, an organic bentonite thixotropic agent with the particle size of (0.05-100) mu m, a surfactant and a solid lubricant, wherein the weight percentage of the components is as follows: carbonyl iron powder magnetic suspension phase: 47.5% -83.5%, mineral oil carrier liquid: 15.3% -42.5%, organic bentonite thixotropic agent: 0.5% -5.0%, surfactant: 0.1% -2.0%, solid lubricant: 0.1 to 4.0 percent. The solid lubricant is attached to the surfaces of the suspension phase particles in a physical and chemical adsorption mode to form a lubricating film, so that the lubricating and antifriction properties of the magnetorheological fluid can be improved; the magnetorheological fluid has no settlement or slight layering within one month, and the sediment is soft and has no hardening and can quickly float under a weak magnetic field.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of magnetic flow liquid, particularly a kind of permanent seal cooling magnetic flow liquid.
The background technology magnetic flow liquid is as a kind of intelligent controlled fluid material, mainly form by suspended phase, suspension media and additive, because of can realizing controllable continuous under externally-applied magnetic field, its apparent viscosity changes, both became high viscosity at the utmost point in the short time by utmost point low viscosity, produce damping action, and it is reversible to be somebody's turn to do variation, thereby has broad application prospects in Electronic Control and mechanical field, as all kinds of dampers, vibration absorber, clutch, the polishing of optical glass intelligence etc.Magnetic flow liquid suspended phase particle diameter is bigger, be generally 1.0-100.0 μ m, and density is 5-8 times of suspension media, therefore overcome sedimentation and the agglomeration traits that causes because of density contrast, the stability in use that improves magnetic flow liquid is particularly important, the method that solves the anti-sedimentation agglomeration traits of magnetic flow liquid at present mainly is by adding surfactant or suspending agent the suspended phase particle surface to be carried out amphipathic processing, improve the magnetic flow liquid decentralization, the additive that uses is generally in the majority with anion surfactant, this class additive has certain effect to the anti-stability reunion that improves magnetic flow liquid, but its anti-effect of settling is bad, by adding the resistance to settling energy that thixotropic agent can solve magnetic flow liquid, as silicon dioxide, but owing to could effectively prevent sinking during the large usage quantity of silicon dioxide in magnetic flow liquid, easily like this cause the increase of magnetic flow liquid null field viscosity and influence use.The lubricated anti-attrition performance of magnetic flow liquid also is the problem that must solve in the practical application, and lubricated anti-attrition performance quality is to having a direct impact the useful life of magnetic flow liquid.Chinese patent publication number CN1414075, open day on April 30th, 2003, invention and created name is " stabilizing type magnetic rheological fluid and preparation method thereof ", this application case discloses a kind of stabilizing type magnetic rheological fluid, form by suspended phase, carrier fluid, inorganic thixotropic agent, surfactant, though have good, the stable characteristics of anti-effect of settling, the performance of the lubricated anti-attrition of this magnetic flow liquid is bad, and useful life is short.
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is at above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, and the spy provides a kind of good anti-sedimentation stability reunion energy that has, lower null field viscosity, the magnetic flow liquid of the performance of tool good lubrication anti-attrition simultaneously.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of magnetic flow liquid, be to be (0.05～100) μ m organobentonite thixotropic agent, surfactant for the carbonyl iron dust magnetic suspension phase of (0.1～50) μ m, mineral oil carrier fluid, particle diameter by particle diameter, kollag is formed, and its percentage by weight is:
Carbonyl iron dust magnetic suspension phase 47.5%～83.5%
Mineral oil carrier fluid 15.3%～42.5%
Organobentonite thixotropic agent 0.5%～5.0%
Surfactant 0.1%～2.0%
Kollag 0.1%～4.0%.
Described lubricant is selected from Zn
3(PO
4)
2, Ag
2SO
4, MoS
2, graphite, fluorographite, solid fatty acid and their mixture.The preferred graphite of described lubricant, MoS
2And their mixture.Described surfactant is selected from coupling agent, carboxylic acid organic amine salt, alkylamine phosphate, alkoxyl thiophosphate, alkyl carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl acid ammonium salt, polyethylene glycol, antistatic agent SN, T154 dispersant and their mixture.Described surfactant optimization acid organic amine salt, antistatic agent SN, T154 dispersant and their mixture.
Preparation method of the present invention adopts prior art to realize:
Earlier the suspended phase Fe powder particles is carried out surface cleaning and activation processing, taking by weighing carbonyl iron dust, surfactant by weight percentage packs in the ball grinder, taking by weighing the ethanol that is equivalent to carbonyl iron dust 20%～50% weight or isopropyl alcohol again packs in the ball grinder, ball milling half an hour, the ball milling linear velocity is not less than 125m/min., mixed liquor behind the ball milling is dried in 70～100 ℃ of vacuum drying chambers again, and vacuum degree is-0.1Mpa, drying time 5～8 hours is driven away ethanol or isopropyl alcohol.Take by weighing other each component mechanical agitation then by weight percentage, mix, ultrasonic dispersion 20 minutes in the water-bath of (60～80) ℃, disperseed 5～10 minutes with emulsify at a high speed dispersion machine emulsify at a high speed under 8000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed again, use the ball mill Ball milling then 6～20 hours, and promptly got magnetic flow liquid.
Kollag forms lubricating film by physics and chemisorbed mode attached to the suspended phase particle surface, can improve the lubricated anti-attrition performance of magnetic flow liquid; Thixotropic agent is mainly used to improve the sedimentation resistance stability of magnetic flow liquid, and selecting granularity for use is that nanoscale or micron-sized organobentonite are made thixotropic agent and effectively raised the anti-sedimentation stability reunion of magnetic flow liquid more.The magnetic flow liquid of the compound use preparation of organobentonite and surfactant had both had good resistance to settling energy, also had lower null field viscosity simultaneously.
Magnetic flow liquid of the present invention has the following advantages:
The use of kollag can improve the lubricated anti-attrition performance of magnetic flow liquid greatly, improves the useful life of magnetic flow liquid, and the magnetic flow liquid for preparing with this method still can satisfy actual instructions for use after 2,000,000 vibration tests; Nanometer (nm) level or micron (μ m) level organobentonite are made thixotropic agent and have effectively been improved the anti-sedimentation stability reunion of magnetic flow liquid, the no sedimentation or layering is arranged slightly in month of this magnetic flow liquid, the soft nothing of sediment hardens, and under low-intensity magnetic field floating fast; The magnetic flow liquid of the compound use preparation of organobentonite and one or more surfactants not only has good sedimentation resistance stability, also has lower null field viscosity simultaneously, η
0(γ=7～80/s) are 50～70kPa at 5000Gs magnetic field down cut stress to be generally less than 1000mPa.s.
Embodiment is described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Earlier the suspended phase Fe powder particles is carried out surface cleaning and activation processing: the weighing particle diameter is carbonyl iron dust 1900 grams, the alkylamine activating agent (DA-50 of (1.0～30) μ m, Changfeng Chemical Plant, Shanghai produces) 18g, isopropyl alcohol 550g packs in the ball grinder ball milling half an hour, the ball milling linear velocity is not less than 125m/min, again the ball milling mixed liquor is dried in 95 ℃ of vacuum drying chambers, vacuum degree is-0.1Mpa to drive away isopropyl alcohol.
Above-mentioned surface treated carbonyl iron dust 191.8 grams of weighing, transformer oil 55.0g, placing volume is that mechanical agitation is even in the stainless cylinder of steel of 300ml, ultrasonic dispersion is 20 minutes in (60～80) ℃ water-bath, weighing kollag MoS
24.8 restrain, organobentonite 5.0 grams add ball grinder, mechanical ball milling, and the ball milling linear velocity is not less than 125m/min, disperses 10 minutes with emulsify at a high speed dispersion machine emulsify at a high speed under 8000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed again, and ball milling both got magnetic flow liquid in 14 hours again.This magnetic flow liquid room temperature null field viscosity is that (γ=7/s), 5000Gs magnetic field down cut stress is 60.0kPa to 2.0Pa.s, does not have obvious sedimentation and hardens.
This magnetic flow liquid is used for still satisfying after 2,000,000 vibration tests of University Of Chongqing's automobile intelligent vibration absorber the operate as normal needs of automobile absorber, and no multiviscosisty phenomenon takes place.
Embodiment 2
The weighing particle diameter is carbonyl iron dust 2165.7 grams, the alkylamine activating agent (DA-50 of (1.0～30) μ m, Changfeng Chemical Plant, Shanghai produces) 20.4g, isopropyl alcohol 600g packs in the ball grinder ball milling half an hour, the ball milling linear velocity is not less than 125m/min, again the ball milling mixed liquor is dried in 95 ℃ of vacuum drying chambers, vacuum degree is-0.1Mpa to drive away isopropyl alcohol.
Above-mentioned surface treated carbonyl iron dust 1534.4 grams of weighing, transformer oil 540g places in the 1000ml plastic tank, and mechanical agitation is even, and ultrasonic dispersion is 20 minutes in 60～80 ℃ of water-baths, and emulsify at a high speed disperses for the first time; Weighing organobentonite 24.0 grams add then, and emulsify at a high speed disperses for the second time; Add MoS
27.0 gram, mechanical agitation is even, places ball milling on the ball mill, and linear velocity is not less than 125m/min, ball milling 8 hours.This magnetic flow liquid room temperature null field viscosity is that (γ=7/s), 5000Gs magnetic field down cut stress is 53.0kPa to 1.6Pa.s, does not have obvious sedimentation and hardens.
Embodiment 3
Emulsify at a high speed disperses the back to add lauryl diethanol amide 5.05g (0.24%wt.) for the second time in example 2, and all the other components, proportioning and technology are with example 2.Sample room temperature null field viscosity is that (γ=7/s), 5000Gs magnetic field down cut stress is 70.0kPa to 0.9Pa.s, does not have obvious sedimentation and hardens.This magnetic flow liquid is used for the magnetorheological vehicle shock absorber bench test that Henan Xi Chuan automobile absorber factory produces, and can satisfy 3,000,000 vibration test requirements.
Embodiment 4
Lauryl diethanol amide in the example 3 is made into antistatic agent SN5.26g (0.25%wt.), and all the other components are all identical with the amount of allocating into, technology.The sample null field is that (γ=7/s), 5000Gs magnetic field down cut stress is 64.0kPa to 1.2Pa.s, does not have obvious sedimentation and hardens.
Embodiment 5
Emulsify at a high speed disperses the back to add T154 dispersant 4.84g (0.23%wt.) and antistatic agent SN5.05g (0.24%wt.) for the second time in example 2, and all the other components are all identical with the amount of allocating into, technology.Sample null field viscosity is that (γ=7/s), 5000Gs magnetic field down cut stress is 62.0kPa to 0.6Pa.s, does not have obvious sedimentation and hardens.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of magnetic flow liquid, it is characterized in that: described magnetic flow liquid is to be (0.05～100) μ m organobentonite thixotropic agent, surfactant by particle diameter for the carbonyl iron dust magnetic suspension phase of (0.1～50) μ m, mineral oil carrier fluid, particle diameter, kollag is formed, and its percentage by weight is:
Carbonyl iron dust magnetic suspension phase 47.5%～83.5%
Mineral oil carrier fluid 15.3%～42.5%
Organobentonite thixotropic agent 0.5%～5.0%
Surfactant 0.1%～2.0%
Kollag 0.1%～4.0%.
2, magnetic flow liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described kollag is selected from Zn
3(PO
4), Ag
2SO
4, MoS
2, graphite, fluorographite, solid fatty acid and their mixture.
3, magnetic flow liquid according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described kollag is selected from graphite, MoS
2And their mixture.
4, magnetic flow liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described surfactant is selected from coupling agent, carboxylic acid organic amine salt, alkylamine phosphate, alkoxyl thiophosphate, alkyl carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl acid ammonium salt, polyethylene glycol, antistatic agent SN, T154 dispersant and their mixture.
5, magnetic flow liquid according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described surfactant is selected from carboxylic acid organic amine salt, antistatic agent SN, T154 dispersant and their mixture.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100816181A CN100428375C (en) | 2004-12-25 | 2004-12-25 | magnetorheological fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100816181A CN100428375C (en) | 2004-12-25 | 2004-12-25 | magnetorheological fluid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1632891A true CN1632891A (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| CN100428375C CN100428375C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
Family
ID=34847213
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100816181A Active CN100428375C (en) | 2004-12-25 | 2004-12-25 | magnetorheological fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100428375C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100384590C (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2008-04-30 | 太原理工大学 | Liquid magnetic grinding and it preparation method |
| CN100447913C (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-12-31 | 武汉理工大学 | Stable water based magnetic rheologic liquid, and preparation method |
| CN100454452C (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2009-01-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Stable silicone oil based magnetic rheologic liquid, and preparation method |
| CN101792690A (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2010-08-04 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing magnetorheological fluid |
| CN101928626A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-29 | 重庆仪表材料研究所 | High-performance magnetorheological fluid |
| CN102042412A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-05-04 | 北京交通大学 | Magnetic liquid for improving pressure resistance capability in case of magnetic liquid seal |
| CN102737803A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-17 | 中国科学技术大学 | Phase change type magnetorheological material and preparation method thereof |
| CN101213620B (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2012-12-12 | 巴斯福股份公司 | Magnetorheological liquid |
| CN105598459A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-25 | 广东工业大学 | Method for preparing magnetorheological fluid based on iron-based alloy micro-wire |
-
2004
- 2004-12-25 CN CNB2004100816181A patent/CN100428375C/en active Active
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101213620B (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2012-12-12 | 巴斯福股份公司 | Magnetorheological liquid |
| CN100384590C (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2008-04-30 | 太原理工大学 | Liquid magnetic grinding and it preparation method |
| CN100447913C (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-12-31 | 武汉理工大学 | Stable water based magnetic rheologic liquid, and preparation method |
| CN100454452C (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2009-01-21 | 武汉理工大学 | Stable silicone oil based magnetic rheologic liquid, and preparation method |
| CN101928626A (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-29 | 重庆仪表材料研究所 | High-performance magnetorheological fluid |
| CN101792690A (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2010-08-04 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing magnetorheological fluid |
| CN102042412A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-05-04 | 北京交通大学 | Magnetic liquid for improving pressure resistance capability in case of magnetic liquid seal |
| CN102737803A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-17 | 中国科学技术大学 | Phase change type magnetorheological material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102737803B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学技术大学 | Phase change type magnetorheological material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105598459A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-25 | 广东工业大学 | Method for preparing magnetorheological fluid based on iron-based alloy micro-wire |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100428375C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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Address after: 400700 North Pei District, Chongqing Patentee after: CHONGQING MATERIALS RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. Address before: 400700 North Pei District, Chongqing Patentee before: Chongqing Instrument Material Research Institute |
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