CN1632843A - Experimental device and method for measuring gas pressure intensity coefficient - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to gas pressure measurement experiment device, which comprises the seal container with gas exit valve, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, temperature control and display module, pressure display module, heating wire and pressure release transducer. This invention adjusts the seal container inner gas temperature through controlling the heating wire power on the outside of the seal container through temperature control and display module. It uses temperature control and display module and pressure display module to display the rules of the gas pressure changing with temperature in seal container.

Description

The experimental provision of measurement gas pressure coefficient and experimental technique

Affiliated technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of experimental provision with modern surveying commercial measurement gas pressure intensity coefficient (absolute zero) and checking Charles's law, is used for college common physics experiment, middle school physical experiment and demonstration.

Background technology

Frenchman J.A.C. Charlie proposed in 1785: the gas of certain mass, when volume remained unchanged, its pressure p changed linearly with temperature t, i.e. p=p ₀(1+ α _pT), p in the formula ₀, the pressure of gas when p is respectively 0 ℃ and t ℃, α _pIt is the pressure coefficient of the gas of constancy of volume.Measuring, the α of all gases _p1/273 ℃ of ≈.Here it is about the Charles's law of one of 5 basic experiment laws of gas calorifics behavior.18,19th-century along with thermometer, manometric making and improvement, carries out further deeply inquiring into that to the character of gas more solid material base has been arranged.Owing in the past generally use mercury thermometer to come the measurement gas temperature, come measurement gas pressure with U type pipe, and also more coarse in temperature control, make that the measurement data error is bigger, test consuming time longlyer, and the mercury vapour pollution is arranged.Along with the continuous development of electronic technology, come measurement gas pressure coefficient and checking Charles's law to become possibility with the modern surveying technology.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention provides a kind of experimental provision with modern surveying commercial measurement gas pressure intensity coefficient (absolute zero) and checking Charles's law.

The experimental provision of measurement gas pressure coefficient of the present invention (absolute zero) is made up of the airtight container that has air release, temperature sensor, pressure transducer, temperature control and display module, pressure display module, heater strip, step-down transformer.It is characterized in that: heater strip also can be controlled its heating power by temperature control and display module around the airtight container outside equably; Temperature sensor places sealed container interior and controls and the display module electrical connection by lead and temperature; Temperature control and display module can show and regulate the gas temperature of sealed container interior; Pressure transducer communicates by a conduit and sealed container interior; Pressure transducer is electrically connected by lead and pressure display module; Pressure display module can show the pressure of sealed container interior; The outside that is wound with the airtight container of heater strip is wrapped with layer of insulation material.

The present invention regulates the gas temperature of sealed container interior by the electric power that is added in temperature control and display module control on the heater strip of airtight container outside, shows that with temperature control and display module and pressure display module the gaseous tension of sealed container interior is with the variation of temperature rule.

The present invention adopts above-mentioned technology to constitute a kind of experimental provision with modern surveying commercial measurement gas pressure intensity coefficient (absolute zero) and checking Charles's law, and is easy and simple to handle, simple and clear.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, easy and simple to handle, simple and clear, the experimental provision of a kind of learning gas calorifics behavior is provided for colleges and universities' college common physics experiment, middle school physical experiment.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is a device synoptic diagram of the present invention.

Embodiment

Be made up of container 1, air release 2, container cover 5 referring to accompanying drawing, airtight container, 5 of container 1 and container cover scribble binding material, and an aperture is arranged on the container cover 5, and aperture sealed with binding material after conduit 6 and temperature sensor 4 entered airtight container by aperture.The termination of conduit 6 outside airtight container has pressure transducer 7, and 8 of pressure transducer 7 and pressure display modules are electrically connected with lead.Temperature sensor 4 and temperature control and display module 9 usefulness leads are electrically connected.The secondary end that airtight container is around with end of heater strip 3, heater strip 3 and step-down transformer 10 is electrically connected, the secondary other end of step-down transformer 10 and temperature control and display module 9 is electrically connected, the other end of heater strip 3 and temperature control and display module 9 are electrically connected the elementary 220v civil power that connects of step-down transformer 10.The outside that is wound with the airtight container of heater strip is wrapped with layer of insulation material.Constitute the experimental provision of measurement gas pressure coefficient of the present invention (absolute zero).

Experimental technique

As keep the constancy of volume of gas in experimentation, pairing pressure is P when being zero degree as Celsius temperature for the gas of certain mass ₀, by Charles's law:

P＝P ₀(1+α _pt).....................................(1)

Pressure when P is a temperature t ℃ in the formula, α _pBe pressure coefficient, t is a Celsius temperature.

Usually all gases is under normal temperature and normal pressure, α _pNumerical value be: ${\mathrm{\α}}_p=\frac{1}{273},$ That is no matter which kind of gas raises 1 ℃ the time when temperature, is P waiting under the condition of showing mercy its pressure to raise ₀The time In addition, from (1) formula as can be known when gas pressure intensity goes to zero, corresponding Celsius temperature Be called absolute zero, be used as thermodynamic scale, be kShi (Kelvin) temperature, it and centigrade relation: T with the temperature of this temperature scale definition _k=t-273k or t=T _K+ 273 ℃.

By the present invention, all can draw gas pressure intensity coefficient α with graphing method and extrapolation method _p(absolute zero).

(1) the open and close air release 2, to obtain the pressure certain mass gas identical with atmospheric pressure.And read indoor atmospheric pressure P from fortin barometer.

(2) energized, temperature control and display module 9 show the gas initial temperature, pressure display module 8 shows " 000.0 " (room atmosphere is pressed relatively).

(3) set heating power: the heating power control function by temperature control and display module 9 is 20% (cold day gets 30%) with the initial heating power setting.

(4) open heater switch,, when the gas temperature of waiting reaches a certain integer, read to remember gas temperature t the gas heating of certain mass ₁, gas pressure intensity p ₁Value, every subsequently rising is read note once for 5 ℃, reads altogether to remember 12 times.Attention: for gas is slowly heated, to satisfy quasistatic process, whenever read to remember a secondary data after, must repetitive operation main points (3), heating power is increased progressively with 5%.

(5) with 12 t that read to remember _iAnd P _iValue is made P-t figure, is a straight line the error range planted agent, and the extension cord of straight line and the intersection point of ordinate are P ₀, the slope k=P of straight line ₀α _p, try to achieve gas pressure intensity coefficient ${\mathrm{\α}}_p=\frac{k}{P_0}$ Or the thermodynamic scale during absolute zero $-\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\α}}_p}=-\frac{P_0}{k}.$ Utilize the data of this experiment to obtain α with the least square fitting straight-line equation _p

[data and result]

1, room atmosphere pressure P=1032 * 100Pa

2, temperature and pressure readings value

??t℃	??P×100Pa	Heating power	??t℃	??P×100Pa	Heating power
						??17.0	??1.0		??57.0	??145.0	??65％
??22.0	??18.5	??30％	??62.0	??163.0	??70％
						??27.0	??37.0	??35％	??67.0	??181.0	??75％
??32.0	??54.0	??40％	??72.0	??200.0	??80％
						??37.0	??73.0	??45％	??77.0	??218.5	??85％
??42.0	??91.0	??50％	??82.0	??237.0	??90％
						??47.0	??109/5	??55％	??87.0
??52.0	??128.0	??60％

Make P-t figure with above data and can get straight line, the slope of this straight line is:

Gas pressure intensity coefficient:

The Celsius temperature of absolute zero correspondence:

The Celsius temperature theoretical value of absolute zero correspondence:

$\frac{273-267}{273}\×100\%=2\%$

Claims (4)

1, a kind of experimental provision of measurement gas pressure coefficient, by the airtight container that has air release, temperature sensor, pressure transducer, temperature control and display module, pressure display module, heater strip, step-down transformer is formed, it is characterized in that: heater strip also can be controlled its heating power by temperature control and display module around the airtight container outside equably, temperature sensor places sealed container interior and controls and the display module electrical connection by lead and temperature, temperature control and display module can show and regulate the gas temperature of sealed container interior, pressure transducer communicates by a conduit and sealed container interior, pressure transducer is electrically connected by lead and pressure display module, pressure display module can show the pressure of sealed container interior, and the outside that is wound with the airtight container of heater strip is wrapped with layer of insulation material.

2, the experimental provision of measurement gas pressure coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterized in that regulating the gas temperature of sealed container interior, show that with temperature control and display module and pressure display module the gaseous tension of sealed container interior is with the variation of temperature rule with the electric power that temperature control and display module control are added on the heater strip of airtight container outside.

3, the experimental provision of measurement gas pressure coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterized in that airtight container is made up of container (1), air release (2), container cover (5), scribble binding material between container (1) and container cover (5), container cover has an aperture on (5), and aperture sealed with binding material after conduit (6) and temperature sensor (4) entered airtight container by aperture; The termination of conduit (6) outside airtight container has pressure transducer (7), is electrically connected with lead between pressure transducer (7) and pressure display module (8); Temperature sensor (4) and temperature control and display module (9) are electrically connected with lead; Airtight container is around with an end of heater strip (3), heater strip (3) and a secondary end of step-down transformer (10) is electrically connected, the secondary other end of step-down transformer (10) and temperature control and display module (9) are electrically connected, the other end of heater strip (3) and temperature control and display module (9) are electrically connected the elementary 220v civil power that connects of step-down transformer (10); The outside that is wound with the airtight container of heater strip is wrapped with layer of insulation material.

4, the measuring method of the experimental provision of the described measurement gas pressure coefficient of claim 3 the steps include:

(1) the open and close air release 2, to obtain the pressure certain mass gas identical with atmospheric pressure.And read indoor atmospheric pressure P from fortin barometer;

(2) energized, temperature control and display module 9 show the gas initial temperature, pressure display module 8 shows " 000.0 " (room atmosphere is pressed relatively);

(3) set heating power: the heating power control function by temperature control and display module 9 is 20% (cold day gets 30%) with the initial heating power setting;

(4) open heater switch,, when the gas temperature of waiting reaches a certain integer, read to remember gas temperature t the gas heating of certain mass ₁, gas pressure intensity p ₁Value, every subsequently rising is read note once for 5 ℃, reads altogether to remember 12 times.Attention: for gas is slowly heated, to satisfy quasistatic process, whenever read to remember a secondary data after, must repetitive operation main points (3), heating power is increased progressively with 5%;

(5) with 12 t that read to remember _iAnd P _iValue is made P-t figure, is a straight line the error range planted agent, and the extension cord of straight line and the intersection point of ordinate are P ₀, the slope k=P of straight line ₀α _p, try to achieve gas pressure intensity coefficient ${\mathrm{\α}}_p=\frac{k}{P_0}$ Or the thermodynamic scale during absolute zero $-\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\α}}_p}=-\frac{P_0}{k};$ Or obtain α with the least square fitting straight-line equation _p