CN1632620A

CN1632620A - Penetrative rainfall integrating instrument

Info

Publication number: CN1632620A
Application number: CNA2004100613581A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊昌仑; 邓华
Original assignee: Wuhan University WHU
Current assignee: Wuhan University WHU
Priority date: 2004-12-15
Filing date: 2004-12-15
Publication date: 2005-06-29
Anticipated expiration: 2024-12-15
Also published as: CN100470259C

Abstract

It is a penetration rain integral device, which comprises penetration rain sensor and its signal adjustable circuit, A/D converter circuit, microprocessor and communication interface circuit, wherein, the rain sensor and its signal adjustable circuit output end is connected with the input of the A/D convert circuit; the output and control end of A/D convert circuit are connected with I/O end of microprocessor; the I/O end of microprocessor an the serial communication end are separately connected with control end and data end of the communication interface circuit. The rain volume sensor is composed of related capacitor electrode plate. The microprocessor in this invention can deliver the data to the PC machine or large machine to real-time monitor the rain volume and accomplish the varying computation for whole day rain volume.

Description

Penetration rainfall integrating instrument

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of penetration rainfall integrating instrument, in particular for measuring the rainfall integrating instrument of liquid quantity of precipitation.

Background technology

At present, domestic and international observatory's (station), hydrometric station, agroforestry systems and railway relevant department adopt tipping bucket rain gauge or capacitance-grid type rain sensor in order to the device of measuring liquid quantity of precipitation more, traditional relatively precipitation gauge (bucket), such installs its major advantage is the size of continuous detecting rainfall amount automatically, but complex structure, the tipping bucket type sensor of the SL3 type rainfall measurement device of producing with Shanghai meteorologic instrument factory is an example, its apparatus structure is by raingauge receiver, last tipping bucket, the metering tipping bucket, counting tipping bucket and collecting funnel adjusting screw, formations such as tongue tube, when rainwater compiles and enters tipping bucket by holding the mouth of a river, thereupon rainwater from last tipping bucket enter metering tipping bucket (metering tipping bucket whenever stir once be equivalent to 0.1mm quantity of precipitation) thereafter rainwater pour the counting tipping bucket into from the metering tipping bucket again, at counting tipping bucket middle part a magnet is housed, tongue tube is equipped with in the magnet top, when counting tipping bucket upset one time, magnet magnetic force line cutting tongue tube, make the tongue tube contact because of magnetization moment closure once, produce an electric pulse, be input to the data acquisition unit monitoring by reverser.In addition, the sensor of the bivalve capacitance-grid type rainfall measurement device that Wenzhou produces exists movement parts equally, so easy to wear, complex structure costs an arm and a leg.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of penetration rainfall integrating instrument at the problems referred to above exactly, and this rainfall integrating instrument has simple in structure, the reliability height, and the life-span is long, the cheap and little advantage of power consumption.

Technical scheme provided by the invention is: penetration rainfall integrating instrument, by penetration rain sensor and signal conditioning circuit thereof, A/D change-over circuit, microprocessor and communication interface circuit are formed, rain sensor and signal conditioning circuit output terminal thereof link to each other with the input end of A/D change-over circuit, the I/O mouth of the output terminal of A/D change-over circuit and control end and microprocessor joins, and the I/O mouth of microprocessor links to each other with data terminal with the control end of communication interface circuit respectively with serial communication interface; Penetration rain sensor and capacitor plate electrical isolation parallel with one another by some constitutes, and the gap between the capacitor plate is a rain water channel, and the two ends of rain water channel are for advancing the outlet of rain mouth and rainwater.

Above-mentioned communication interface circuit constitutes the connection of communicating by letter with host computer.

Above-mentioned penetration rain sensor signal and modulate circuit thereof are mainly by the sine-wave generator circuit, the rain sensor metering circuit, sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter, the sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit of phase shift, sine wave/square wave conversion circuit, analog switch, active low-pass filter, in-phase amplifier and effective value/direct current transducer circuit of being made up of transport and placing device and multiplier constitute, the sine-wave generator circuit output end links to each other with the input end of sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter, the output terminal of sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter links to each other with the input end of the sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit of phase shift, the output terminal of the sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit of phase shift links to each other with the input end of sine wave/square wave conversion circuit, the output terminal of sine wave/square wave conversion circuit links to each other with the control end of analog switch, the input end of analog switch links to each other with rain sensor metering circuit output terminal, the output terminal of analog switch links to each other with the active low-pass filter input end, the output terminal of active low-pass filter links to each other with the input end of in-phase amplifier, and the output terminal of in-phase amplifier inserts effective value/direct current transducer circuit input end of being made up of transport and placing device and multiplier.

The present invention is provided with real-time clock/calendar circuit, and the I/O mouth of its data terminal and signal input end and microprocessor joins.

The present invention also is provided with watchdog circuit, and its control pin links to each other with microprocessor I/O mouth with output pin.

The present invention is highly sensitive, and real-time is good; Microprocessor by the wired or wireless communication interface circuit rainfall data reach host computer with show, processing such as predictive analysis and storage, measuring error is little, totalized function is powerful, not only can carry out the rainfall monitoring in real time, can also finish 24 hours rainfall and change integrating work.Whole device does not have movement parts, have simple in structure, reliability height, characteristics such as the life-span is long, and cheap and power consumption is little.Be highly suitable for observatory's (station), hydrometric station, liquid quantity of precipitation is measured and forecast in agroforestry systems and railway relevant department.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is general structure system figure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is penetration rain sensor signal condition of the present invention and A/D change-over circuit schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is microprocessor of the present invention and watchdog circuit, real-time clock/calendar circuit and communication interface circuit theory diagrams.

Fig. 4 is a penetration rain sensor structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 4.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail:

Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is made of following several parts: penetration rain sensor and signal conditioning circuit 1 thereof, A/D change-over circuit 2, and real-time clock/calendar circuit 3, microprocessor 4 and watchdog circuit 5 thereof and communication interface circuit 6 are formed.

The core component of rain sensor 7 of the present invention shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is 8 group capacitors, and capacitor plate 8 is corrosion resistant plates of 16 0.5mm thickness, and multi-plate condenser pole plate 8 is parallel with one another to hold rainfall with increase.It is in aggregates that four bolts 9 with capacitor plate 8 electrical isolations are fixed 8 group capacitors, it (is that gap 13 between the pole plate 8 is rain water channel that structural arrangement becomes through type, the two ends of rain water channel 13 are for advancing rain mouth 10 and going out rain mouth 11) and be connected with rain sensor shell 12, the rainwater of flows into capacitor device can pass the through type capacitor plate and flow away.By the capacitor principle as can be known, the specific inductive capacity of medium is relevant between electric capacity and capacitor plate, and promptly the size of its electric capacity CAa is relevant with the size of rainfall.The capacitor sensor structure that the present invention utilizes medium (rainfall) to form can solve the measurement of rainfall size effectively, and have highly sensitive, response is fast, be easy to characteristics such as flushing.

Among Fig. 2, rain sensor signal conditioning circuit 1 of the present invention has comprised ICL8038 sine-wave generator circuit, the metering circuit U4 of electric capacity CAa in the rain sensor 7, sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter U1A, the sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit U1B of phase shift, sine wave/square wave conversion circuit U2A.As rainfall appears, and the size of rainfall is converted to the variation of CAa electric capacity in real time, and the sinusoidal voltage amplitude of U4 output is proportional to CAa.The output signal of ICL8038 sine-wave generator circuit is the driving source of the metering circuit U4 of CAa, it is again the derived reference signal of sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter, this exports one tunnel metering circuit input end that meets capacitor C Aa, and one the tunnel connects sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter U1A input end.Sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter U1A exports sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit U1B to, after sine wave/square wave conversion circuit U2A finishes waveform transformation, export the switch control end of analog switch 4066A again to, the input end of analog switch 4066A links to each other with capacitor C Aa metering circuit U4 output terminal, so the same frequency square wave behind the sinusoidal signal of CAa metering circuit output and phase shift 90 degree is realized related operation by analog switch 4066A, operation result exports active low-pass filter U6 to, CAa is big more, the amplitude of active low-pass filter U6 input signal is big more, the level amplitude that this input signal is converted to level signal output is just big more, and the output of active low-pass filter U6 inserts by transport and placing device U8 through in-phase amplifier U7, U9, effective value/direct current transducer circuit that U10 and multiplier RC4200 form, at last by transport and placing device U8, U9, effective value/direct current transducer circuit output DC that U10 and multiplier RC4200 form is flat also big more, thereby rainfall input and modulate circuit just effectively change into the size variation of CAa the size variation of DC level.The output terminal of effective value/direct current transducer circuit links to each other with A/D converter U21 (AD574) input end, the P2P3 I/O mouth of the output terminal of U21 and corresponding controling end and microprocessor AT89C55 joins, microprocessor AT89C55 can read in the U21 transformation result so that these rainfall datas are made respective algorithms to be handled by the I/O mouth, finishes the work of real-time rainfall monitoring and 24 hours rainfall variation integratings.

Among Fig. 3, for guaranteeing the microprocessor reliably working, this device has also adopted watchdog circuit U13, this circuit is that core is built with microprocessor monitors chip MAX813L, the control pin of this chip links to each other with the P1.7 I/O pin of microprocessor AT89C55, output pin links to each other with the REST pin of microprocessor AT89C55, as the race of microprocessor AT89C55 control program being flown or power-down conditions taking place, microprocessor monitors chip MAX813L will export reset signal so that microprocessor AT89C55 recovers normal operation.This device adopts multifunction timepiece I2C bus interface function, that the have extremely low power dissipation/calendar technical grade chip PCF8563 that includes of PHILIP company to form real-time clock/calendar circuit 3, and this chip controls end links to each other with the P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 pin of microprocessor AT89C55 with data terminal.Communication interface circuit 6 has adopted RS-422/RS-485 communication interface chip MAX489, the P1.0 P1.1 I/O pin of microprocessor AT89C55 links to each other with input end with the control end of chip MAX489 respectively with serial communication interface, and the MAX489 output terminal can be connected to the Control Room host computer through twisted-pair feeder or telecommunication cable.RS-422/RS-485 communication ultimate range is 1200 meters, as the communication of the farther distance of need, can consider that adding the wiring transponder midway at channel realizes.

Claims

1. penetration rainfall integrating instrument, it is characterized in that: by penetration rain sensor and signal conditioning circuit thereof, A/D change-over circuit, microprocessor and communication interface circuit are formed, rain sensor and signal conditioning circuit output terminal thereof link to each other with the input end of A/D change-over circuit, the I/O mouth of the output terminal of A/D change-over circuit and control end and microprocessor joins, and the I/O mouth of microprocessor links to each other with data terminal with the control end of communication interface circuit respectively with serial communication interface; Penetration rain sensor and capacitor plate electrical isolation parallel with one another by some constitutes, and the gap between the capacitor plate is a rain water channel, and the two ends of rain water channel are for advancing the outlet of rain mouth and rainwater.

2. penetration rainfall integrating instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: communication interface circuit constitutes the connection of communicating by letter with host computer.

3. rainfall monitoring device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: penetration rain sensor signal and modulate circuit thereof are mainly by the sine-wave generator circuit, the rain sensor metering circuit, sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter, the sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit of phase shift, sine wave/square wave conversion circuit, analog switch, active low-pass filter, in-phase amplifier and effective value/direct current transducer circuit of being made up of transport and placing device and multiplier constitute, the sine-wave generator circuit output end links to each other with the input end of sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter, the output terminal of sinusoidal wave 90-degree phase shifter links to each other with the input end of the sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit of phase shift, the output terminal of the sinusoidal wave amplitude adjusting circuit of phase shift links to each other with the input end of sine wave/square wave conversion circuit, the output terminal of sine wave/square wave conversion circuit links to each other with the control end of analog switch, the input end of analog switch links to each other with rain sensor metering circuit output terminal, the output terminal of analog switch links to each other with the active low-pass filter input end, the output terminal of active low-pass filter links to each other with the input end of in-phase amplifier, and the output terminal of in-phase amplifier inserts effective value/direct current transducer circuit input end of being made up of transport and placing device and multiplier.

4. rainfall monitoring device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: be provided with real-time clock/calendar circuit, the I/O mouth of its data terminal and signal input end and microprocessor joins.

5. rainfall monitoring device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: be provided with watchdog circuit, its control pin links to each other with microprocessor I/O mouth with output pin.