CN1632496A - Distributed optical fiber temperature sensing and monitoring device and method for positioning dam leakage - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber temperature sensing and monitoring device and method for positioning dam leakage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to water works engineering safety protection equipments field and a dam leak position distribution light fiber temperature sensor monitoring apparatus and its method. The apparatus is formed by connecting the double-coupler, wavelength-division multiplex, snow-slide diode, main amplifier, sampling even device and sum device, computer, driver, laser diode and sensor cable. The sensor cable has two structures: one is the sensor light cable core of fiber, and the outer layer of the fiber is metal center protective cover, water-tight isolation layer, aramid fiber, outer protective layer; the other is heating sensor cable with isolation heating conductor in one of its structures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic engineering safety precaution apparatus field, is a kind of dam leakage positioning distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitor and method.
Background technology
At present, the monitoring method that Fibre Optical Sensor leaks at oil-gas pipeline in patent documentation newspaper reveal, this disclosure of the Invention a kind of oil-gas pipeline based on distributed fiberoptic sensor leak the intelligent online monitoring method.Near oil-gas pipeline,, utilize optical fiber, oil-gas pipeline is monitored in real time as sensor with parallel one or several optical cable of laying of oil-gas pipeline; Two ends at optical fiber, the just input end of oil-gas pipeline and output terminal, one cover luminous power detection module respectively is set, and be connected with computing machine, utilize computing machine data are analyzed and to be merged, the pressure variation around the acquisition pipeline and the feature of vibration signal, when the oil gas in the pipeline takes place to leak or have incidents such as mechanical execution and artificial destruction to take place near pipeline, characteristic and loss that stress that produces or impulsive force will change optical fiber, by measurement to optical fiber backscattering luminous power and optical fiber Output optical power, analysis to loss size and frequency spectrum, find and determine that the position oil-gas pipeline leaks and the outside incident that may damage pipeline, improve the monitoring level of oil-gas pipeline.It is the field that Fibre Optical Sensor is applied to oil-gas pipeline, and flood in recent years, the life and the safety that are directly threatening the people, still unexposed so far a kind of device of monitoring the dam leakage phenomenon.Therefore, the omen forecast information of stopping seepage seems very important, and it is to prevent the dykes and dams breach, the unfavorable factor of flood is eliminated bud in accident, to guarantee start local people's property and personal safety.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will provide a kind of dam leakage positioning distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitor and method to this area, make the forecast in advance of dam leakage phenomenon information, cause the dykes and dams breach to solve the seepage phenomenon, cause the generation of catastrophic flood damage.Now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, its feature is described as follows: a kind of dam leakage positioning distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitor, described distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitor abbreviates DTS as, it by bidirectional coupler (BDC), wavelength division multiplexer (OWDD), avalanche diode (SPD) and (APD), main amplifier (AMP), sample mean device and totalizer (SP), computing machine (Computer), driver (driver), laser diode module (LD) and optical cable formed, and it is characterized in that an end of bidirectional coupler (BDC) connects optical cable; Bidirectional coupler (BDC) is connected with wavelength division multiplexer (OWDD), and wavelength division multiplexer is connected with avalanche diode (APD), and avalanche diode is connected with main amplifier (AMP), and main amplifier is connected with totalizer (SP) with the sample mean device; Driver (driver) is connected with laser diode module (LD), and laser diode module is connected with bidirectional coupler (BDC).
Described sensing optic cable is provided with two kinds of structures, first sensing optic cable core is an optical fiber 3, and the skin of optical fiber is a metal center protective casing 4, and the skin of metal center protective casing is a waterproof insulating layer 5, the skin of waterproof insulating layer is an aramid fiber 2, and the skin of aramid fiber is an external protection 1; It two is heating sensing optic cables, in the structure of one, promptly sets up 1 to several insulation electric conduction of heating bodies 6 in the carrier of aramid fiber 2.
Dam leakage positioning distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitoring method, it is characterized in that sensing optic cable 9 is arranged on 8 bases, trench drain of dike 7 one sides in river 10 (Fig. 4), be embedded in concrete face rockfill dam week side seam antiseepage body or bed course back, concrete slab 18 back sides and inside abreast; Or be arranged on earth dam core-wall back side 20; Or be arranged on concrete and roll the dam and roll on the aspect 21.
Described dam leakage positioning distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitoring method, the feature of the method are that also sensing optic cable 9 is to be embedded in all side seam antiseepage bodies of face dam or bed course back (Fig. 5-Fig. 7), the concrete surface intralamellar part (Fig. 8-Fig. 9) and the back side (Figure 10-Figure 11); Network type is laid on earth dam core-wall back side (Figure 12-Figure 13); Network type is arranged on concrete and rolls the dam and roll on the aspect (Figure 14-Figure 17).This antiseepage body is made of institutes such as SR filler 11, sealing sheet 12, bituminous mortar bed course 13, PVC plastic sheet 14, impregnate with bitumen deal boards 15 among Fig. 7, above the bed course 13 or below bury optical cable underground.
The upstream face of described dykes and dams all has under the prerequisite of antiseepage body (wall), buries sensing optic cable by antiseepage body (wall) back at dam, detects the temperature of antiseepage body (wall) back; Under normal circumstances, the detected temperature of optical fiber should be the temperature of optical cable laying place and near environment, this temperature water temperature common and reservoir or river course has certain difference, in case breaking appears in antiseepage body (wall), then optical fiber is detected is the temperature of percolating water; When the temperature of percolating water the same with sensing optic cable environment temperature of living in or near the time, be difficult for distinguishing leakage, just can utilize electric conduction of heating body 6 and/or auxiliary heating conductor (metal center protective casing 4), by the heating arrangement that is complementary with it sensing optic cable is heated, it is poor to make sensing optic cable and percolating water reach uniform temperature; Obtain the zone of percolating water by the abnormal area of search Temperature Distribution, record and ooze position and the degree that body (wall) damages, timely maintenance is convenient in size, developing trend etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a sensing optic cable A structural representation;
Fig. 2 is a sensing optic cable B structure, promptly heats the sensing optic cable synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a sensing optic cable unit equipment synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that embankment monitoring of leakage sensing optic cable is laid synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that face dam week side seam monitoring of leakage sensing optic cable is laid synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the face dam side sectional view.
Fig. 7 is that sensing optic cable is embedded in synoptic diagram under antiseepage body or the bed course.
Fig. 8 is that the sensing optic cable that is embedded in abreast in the face dam panel is laid synoptic diagram.
Fig. 9 is that the master of Fig. 8 looks cut-open view.
Figure 10 is that the sensing optic cable that is embedded in the face dam back side of panel is abreast laid synoptic diagram;
Figure 11 is that the master of Figure 10 panel looks cut-open view.
Figure 12 is the earth dam transverse sectional view;
Figure 13 be the A of Figure 12 to synoptic diagram---the sensing optic cable network type is laid on earth dam core-wall back side synoptic diagram.
Figure 14 rolls the dam to roll aspect monitoring of leakage network type sensing optic cable laying synoptic diagram;
Figure 15 is that the master of Figure 14 looks synoptic diagram.
Figure 16 rolls the dam elevational schematic view;
Figure 17 is that synoptic diagram is looked on the left side of Figure 15.
Figure 18 is the temperature variation of leakage.
Figure 19 is the temperature distribution history of optical fiber when not heating.
Figure 20 is an optical fiber heated temperatures distribution curve.
The sequence number of above accompanying drawing and title: 1, external protection, 2, aramid fiber, 3, optical fiber, 4, the metal center protective casing; 5, waterproof insulating layer, 6, the electric conduction of heating body, 7, dike, 8, the trench drain; 9, sensing optic cable, 10, the river, 11, the SR filler, 12, the sealing sheet; 13, bituminous mortar bed course, 14, the PVC plastic sheet, 15, the impregnate with bitumen deal board; 16, toe board, 17, reservoir, 18, concrete slab; 19, core-wall, 20, the core-wall back side, 21, roll aspect.
Distributed optical fiber temperature sensor in this monitoring device abbreviates DTS as, it is with the band conductor or not with sensing optic cable, optical cable well heater, user software and relevant application technology, experience (rationally the burying underground of sensing optic cable of electric conductor, on-the-spot science detects, data analysis etc.) organic phase combination, the seepage that carry out in real time, continuous, unlimited multiple spot ground detects dam and embankment.The breakthrough and the seepage situation that just can obtain whole sensing optic cable zone once measured in its application, changed the traditional drawback that can only implement discrete point monitoring and range estimation, is the powerful mean of guaranteeing dam and embankment safety.Except leak detection, can also in the concrete dam construction, detect concrete temperature in real time, also can detect in real time reservoir water temperature in service and water level.
The ultimate principle of this monitoring device
The DTS system is a kind of new and high technology that is used for real-time monitoring temperature field that external developed recently gets up, mainly according to the light time territory emission (OTDR) of optical fiber and the temperature effect of Raman scattering dorsad of optical fiber,, a number kilometer and even the long optical fiber of tens of kilometers can continuous coverages, accurately locate the temperature in whole piece optical fiber space of living in.We utilize its principle to come the seepage of water in continuous coverage, the accurate positioning optical waveguides environment of living in, because the seepage of water will cause being in contact with it the variation of place's fiber optic temperature, thereby judge that dam and embankment somewhere exist hidden danger.By shown in Figure 180, the temperature contrast of this figure ordinate for comparing with initial conditions, horizontal ordinate is length (rice), and obvious seepage phenomenon is arranged at 308 meters of optical fiber, can demonstrate temperature curve at the temperature variation of monitoring device.
Because seepage environment is varied, when measuring, can adopt following two kinds of methods: gradient method and heating.Gradient method is to utilize optical fiber directly to measure the Temperature Distribution that seepage causes dam and embankment drastic change, then determines the method for seepage position.The prerequisite of this method successful Application is that there is some difference for the temperature of water temperature and dykes and dams measurement position before the dykes and dams.The temperature difference is big more, and seepage causes local temperature to change also more greatly, and thermograde is also big more, easy more judgement breakthrough position.For accomplishing this point, the optical fiber burial place should be selected in storehouse water (river) and keep enough distances, and avoids climatic influences as far as possible.Heating is for heating the method that the optical fiber environment temperature is raise then determine the position by metal center protective casing or the special electric conductor energising that is provided with.This method is not needed the condition restriction of temperature difference, and (river) water has certain distance apart from the storehouse no longer to require optical fiber.By heating, the optical fiber environment temperature is raise, when there was breakthrough in dykes and dams, this place's fiber optic temperature rises will be obviously smaller, and temperature will be hanged down, thereby makes breakthrough obtain the location.Utilize heating almost can detect the validity (Figure 19, Figure 20 are respectively optical fiber does not heat and heated temperatures distribution curve) of all anti-leakage structures.Laser diode among the DTS (LD) assembly by the magnetic tape trailer fibre pay optical diode and LD driving power (driver) is formed, stable in order to ensure LD power and peak wavelength adopts conductor refrigeration low temperature thermostat bath cooling work.The LD assembly produces the laser of a stable high power (10w) short pulse (50ns), the optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer assembly is made up of low-loss 1 * 3 bidirectional coupler (BDC) and wavelength division multiplexer (OWDD), laser pulse incides fiber sensing loop (OFL) by BDC, and the backscattering echo acquirement of OFL returned, be divided into Stokes Raman passage and Anti-Stokes Raman passage by OWDD again, and the laser pulse of isolating pumping, fiber sensing loop is not only made the sensing medium but also is made transmission medium.Adopt large-numerical aperture, low-loss optical fiber adopts the microsuper calibration cell of band crystal oscillator (thermometric with), is used for demarcation certainly, the self calibration of system, and the APD assembly is put assembly (SPD) before by highly sensitive low noise avalanche diode and (APD) formed.For guaranteeing the SPD steady operation, make it in the low temperature thermostat bath cooling work; Adopt low noise high-gain broadband main amplifier (AMP); SP is made up of High-speed transient (50Mhz) sample mean device and totalizer, and computing machine is mainly used in separating of temperature signal and is in harmonious proportion signal Processing, demonstration.Can be according to user's needs design software and interface.
Relevant accessory kit is described as follows:
A), heating sensing optic cable:
Select 1 or several optical fiber (as the usefulness of transmission and sensing) for use; (protection optical fiber is not damaged kalamein center protective casing; also can be used as simultaneously the auxiliary heating conductor); the metal center protective casing has 1 to arrive several low-impedance metallic conductors (as the electric current turnover loop of heater outward; mutual insulating); outsourcing PE or other materials are as external protection again, and outside diameter control is within 20mm.
B), heating arrangement:
Offer optical cable metallic conductor power, optical cable is heated to a certain degree with adjustable, power is crossed senior general optical cable is burnt out, and power is too small, does not then reach to add heat request.
C), software:
Measure the seepage special software.
D) other support equipments:
As alarm, printer, rack etc.
This monitoring device be based on optical time domain reflection (OTDR) and dorsad the Raman scattering effect be applied to monitoring of leakage.The laser pulse that semiconductor laser sends constantly produces various scatterings along in the process of Optical Fiber Transmission, and the intensity of spontaneous raman scattering wherein depends on the temperature of this place's optical fiber.Utilize two components of Raman scattering dorsad just can demodulate the temperature of this place's optical fiber.Another characteristics of this method are exactly to utilize the principle of light detection and ranging, by calculating the time that light returns, just can know the particular location that produces scattering.Therefore, this method can obtain the temperature and the positional information of optical fiber simultaneously, that is to say, adopts this method can obtain the temperature curve that distributes along fiber lengths.
Relation about temperature and dam safety
Upstream face at dam all has antiseepage body (wall), and the quality quality of antiseepage body (wall) directly has influence on the life-span of dam, buries optical cable by antiseepage body (wall) back at dam, can detect the temperature of antiseepage body (wall) back.Under normal circumstances, the detected temperature of optical fiber should be the temperature of optical cable laying place and near environment, this temperature temperature common and water body has certain difference, in case breaking appears in antiseepage body (wall), then optical fiber is detected is the temperature of water, abnormal area by the search Temperature Distribution is just known the zone of infiltration, thereby learns the position that antiseepage body (wall) damages, size and developing trend etc.
Practiced processes
The dam leakage monitoring also is to use backward manual method at China's majority, can only lean on liquid level gauge to measure and manual observation, the seepage flow of water is not more had the instrument of real-time monitoring.The Measurement of Dam solidification temperature is with thermistor point type thermometer, and in the dam casting process, borehole is imbedded spot measurement behind the thermometer, and dam must hundreds of and even thousands of point type thermometers, spend a large amount of cable and material, not only take a lot of work but also take material.And it is the point type Fibre Optical Sensor single-point thermometric composite price costliness of introducing from Canada, and inconvenient.Therefore efficient and convenient as the DTS system, it is long apart from the continuous monitoring temperature to fix a point in real time, and the instrument that can monitor seepage flow again can be described as unique.With DTS system monitoring seepage flow, only just can monitor the accident of thousands of points, and can rapidly, accurately provide the big characteristic that the place where the accident occurred point is this method with the long optical fiber of a 2Km.
General optical cable detects seepage, and is simple and convenient, but should have uniform temperature poor at optical cable laying place and percolating water; And utilize heating arrangement just can detect seepage flow to the optical cable heating that has electric conductor to optical cable laying in any position, further enlarge application.
Embodiment
The laying of optical cable (is example with the side seam monitoring of leakage of concrete face rockfill dam week)
1, paving location: in time to detect the seepage part, and dam is not damaged, the easiest seepage part of face dam is all side seams, because generally this is the intersection on mountain and dam.In the dam design periphery is sewed with the measure of waterproof, but along with year in and year out, the seepage of dike is difficult to win, and seepage will be more and more big anti-; Also have problem such as quality in addition in the construction, the new dam that has just has the seepage situation to take place, and just needs us where to know seepage, and seepage is much, is convenient in time go safeguard, in order to avoid produce harm.We by simulation test and with brainstrust research, with sensing optic cable be laid on face dam week side seam bed course below, measure bed course Temperature Distribution situation, detect leakage according to bed course variation of temperature (the bed course temperature of leakage sharply descends).
2, the sensing optic cable laying process regulation that should observe deviser's formulation in the process of deployment is carried out, and just can in time find out the seepage physical location in view of the above, is convenient to analyze and take to remedy measure.
3, detection method and data analysis
General sensing optic cable: a, detect the not temperature distribution history of whole piece optical cable during retaining of dam; B, the temperature distribution history of whole piece optical cable when detecting dam water being arranged.
With the b curve and a curve compares or will compare between the continuous detected b curve, just can observe the size that dam has ne-leakage, seepage position and zone.
Heating sensing optic cable: a), under heating state not, the whole piece sensing optic cable is detected; B), to after the sensing optic cable heating, the whole piece sensing optic cable is detected; C), collect all data and preserve, compare and assess preserving data, just can be observed the size that dam has ne-leakage, seepage position and zone.
When the temperature of percolating water is the same with the optical cable laying environment temperature or optical cable be immersed under the medium situation of water, general sensing optic cable just may can't find the seepage of water, goes for the minor leakage water detection of any occasion with the inventive method.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of dam leakage positioning distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitor, described distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitor abbreviates DTS as, it by bidirectional coupler (BDC), wavelength division multiplexer (OWDD), avalanche diode (SPD) and (APD), main amplifier (AMP), sample mean device and totalizer (SP), computing machine (Computer), driver (driver), laser diode module (LD) and optical cable formed, and it is characterized in that an end of bidirectional coupler (BDC) connects optical cable; Bidirectional coupler (BDC) is connected with wavelength division multiplexer (OWDD), and wavelength division multiplexer is connected with avalanche diode (APD), and avalanche diode is connected with main amplifier (AMP), and main amplifier is connected with totalizer (SP) with the sample mean device; Driver (driver) is connected with laser diode module (LD), and laser diode module is connected with bidirectional coupler (BDC).
2, device according to claim 1, the sensing optic cable that it is characterized in that dam leakage location DTS is provided with two kinds of structures, first sensing optic cable core is optical fiber (3), the skin of optical fiber is metal center protective casing (4), the skin of metal center protective casing is waterproof insulating layer (5), the skin of waterproof insulating layer is aramid fiber (2), and the skin of aramid fiber is external protection (1); Its two heating sensing optic cable is in the structure of one, promptly sets up 1 to several insulation electric conduction of heating bodies (6) in the carrier of aramid fiber (2).
3, the method for dam leakage positioning distributed fibre-optical temperature sensing monitoring, the sensing optic cable (9) that it is characterized in that of the method is arranged on the base, trench drain (8) of dike (7) one sides in river (10); Or be arranged on concrete face rockfill dam week side seam antiseepage body or bed course back, concrete slab (18) back side and inside; Or be arranged on earth dam core-wall back side (20); Or be arranged on concrete and roll the dam and roll on the aspect (21).
4, method according to claim 3, its feature are that also sensing optic cable (9) is: be arranged on abreast on the base, trench drain (8) of dike (7) one sides in river (10); The smooth abreast all side seam antiseepage bodies of concrete face rockfill dam or bed course back, concrete surface intralamellar part and the back side of being located at; Network type is laid on earth dam core-wall back side; Network type is laid on concrete and rolls the dam and roll on the aspect.
5, method according to claim 3, its feature is that also sensing optic cable (9) is all side seam antiseepage bodies or the bed course back that is embedded in face dam, this antiseepage body is made of SR filler (11), sealing sheet (12), bituminous mortar bed course (13), PVC plastic sheet (14), impregnate with bitumen deal board (15) etc., above the bed course (13) or below bury optical cable underground.
6, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that the upstream face of dykes and dams all has under the prerequisite of antiseepage body (wall), buries sensing optic cable by antiseepage body (wall) back at dam, detects the temperature of antiseepage body (wall) back; Under normal circumstances, the detected temperature of optical fiber should be the temperature of optical cable laying place and near environment, this temperature water temperature common and reservoir or river course has certain difference, in case breaking appears in antiseepage body (wall), then optical fiber is detected is the temperature of percolating water; When the temperature of percolating water the same with sensing optic cable environment temperature of living in or near the time, be difficult for distinguishing leakage, just can utilize electric conduction of heating body (6) and/or auxiliary heating conductor (metal center protective casing 4), by the heating arrangement that is complementary with it sensing optic cable is heated, it is poor to make sensing optic cable and percolating water reach uniform temperature; Obtain the zone of percolating water by the abnormal area of search Temperature Distribution, record position and degree that antiseepage body (wall) damages.
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