CN1622537A - Short circuit communication method of layered type switching network - Google Patents
Short circuit communication method of layered type switching network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The short-circuit communication method in hierarchial exchange network sets short-circuit channel list, short-circuit prefix address mapping list and indirect short-circuit node list. The short-circuit communication method of data package includes the following steps: 1) after the data package reaches some node domain, inquire and match short-circuit prefix address mapping list and short-circuit channel list to determine whether to need indirect or direct short-circuit communication; if not, go to step 3); if needing indirect short-circuit communication, send the data package to the direct short-circuit node domain and go to step 2); and if needing direct short-circuit communication, go to step 2); 2) inquire and match short-circuit channel list, and send the data package to the opposite short-circuit channel; and 3) send data package in the common tree channel of hierarchial exchange network. The present invention has advantages of tree structure, increased flexibility, raised channel utilization, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network.
Background technology
Hierarchical switched network (hereinafter abbreviating hierarchical network sometimes as) is the network of a kind of topological structure by the hierarchical structure structure, and its address space also distributes according to hierarchical structure, and the level of the level of topological structure and address structure is strict coupling.The network of this structure mainly solves current Internet because of adopting the topological structure of any connection, one dimension tiling and unordered address assignment, and address and topological structure not have the routing table that reasons such as direct relation cause huge, overall situation Routing Information Exchange and calculation of complex, network service quality is difficult to guarantee, the multicast tree generating algorithm is difficult to realize because of high complexity, routing device reduces operating efficiency and dangerous because of being interfered to cause by anyone visit, fault self-recovery will rely on other one and overlap a series of fatal problems such as the technology SDH that not thes least concerned assists to finish.It is by stipulating method that network topology structure, the network address are distributed and the relation that must satisfy between the two again, replace IP route (IPRouting) with IP exchange (IP Switching), avoid routing operations, realize that packet exchanges apace according to the level address, thereby improve the performance of network node, simplify the complexity of core network, be fit to the structure high-performance, can expand, can manage, safe and reliable Internet of future generation.
From in logic, the tree that the backbone configuration of hierarchical switched network is made up of the many levels structure.Though simple tree has been simplified route because link between two nodes is unique, but one the inefficacy of channel or the node subtree that can cause connecting under this channel or the node loses connectivity, thereby cause the disconnection of a collection of subordinate's subtree, and route need flexibly can not be satisfied in this unique path.Therefore, the topological structure of hierarchical switched network does not adopt simple tree, but the tree of strictness is expanded, and adopts the expansion structure of logic-based nodes domains, logical links, short circuit link to avoid the shortcoming of simple tree.
The expansion of logic-based nodes domains and logical links is meant the node that substitutes tree with logical node (or claiming nodes domains), substitute the branch of tree with logical links, being basic element with logical node and logical links is organized in logic tree network by tree, keeps the characteristics of level tree.See in each logical node territory a plurality of nodes are arranged in the physics realization angle, these nodes are interconnected to have guaranteed the extensibility of switching node capacity and the flexibility of Path selection; And every logical links has comprised many physical links, thereby has expanded the bandwidth of logical links.This extended method had both kept the characteristics of tree, had guaranteed reliability and extensibility again.Being meant between different subtrees based on the expansion of short circuit increases direct link, thereby makes and have the second active path between subtree, thereby the flow between subtree not necessarily needs their common ancestor node to transmit.The short circuit link is a partial autonomy, has only the member of short circuit communication set just to know the existence of this short circuit, and is transparent to other nodes domains.This extended method mainly solves the flexibility and the efficiency of strict hierarchical structure, both kept topological level, has topological structure flexibly again, thereby maximum networking flexibility is provided, and when the network switch that will have netted connection now becomes hierarchical switched network, can keeps the topological structure of existing any connection.
Hierarchical switched network after the expansion is the hierarchical network of constructing as basic element with nodes domains, logical links, short circuit link.The management of hierarchical switched network and exchange control procedure are base unit with the nodes domains, be independent of other nodes domains, thereby nodes domains are autonomous territory Autonomous Domain (AD).Because nodes domains itself is a system that scale is limited, function is single relatively, therefore need high-performance, highly reliable management and control method.
The autonomy field system control method that exists has RIP (routing information protocol Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (open SPF Open Shortest Path First), PNNI (private network-network interface PrivateNetwork-Network Interface Specification) and MPLS (multi protocol label exchange Multiprotocol LabelSwitching) at present.These method and systems all have complicated Routing Information Exchange and route computational process towards extensive, loose autonomous system.Router relies on the Routing Protocol exchange message as OSPF or IS-IS (intermediate system-intermediate system Intermediate System toIntermediate System), participates in route, management and control operation in the current whole autonomous system.Because the complicated and mutual scope of these agreements is big, a little less than the interoperability, cause failure recovery time, load balance ability, resource utilization undesirable: as depend on failure detection and fault message issue as Interior Gateway Protocols such as RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, when autonomous territory is big, its convergence time reaches a minute level, failure recovery time is long, therefore the interruption that can cause TCP to connect; And the load balancing of autonomous system inside mainly depends on the load-balancing function based on AS inside coarseness protocol level Routing Protocol, as the equal cost multipath function of OSPF, these functions relatively a little less than; As Z.Wang and J.Crowcroft (Shortest Path First with Emergency Exits, Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGCOMMConference, 1990), (Finding Disjoint Paths in Networks such as D.Sidhu, Proceedings of the 1991ACM SIGCOMM Conference, 1991), S.Bahk and M.E.Zarki (Dynamic Multi-path Routing andHow it Compares with Other Dynamic Routing Algorithms for High Speed Wide Area Networks, Proceedings of the 1992 ACM SIGCOMM Conference, Vol.22, Oct.1992) the multipath routing plan that is proposed, because its storage, computing cost is big, has therefore increased the complexity of Routing Protocol greatly.
For the forwarding speed that improves router with provide service quality to guarantee, people attempt to replace route with exchange as far as possible, proposed that the integrated network core exchanges and network edge IP route the two advantage and IP/MPLS route/label switched structure of producing.Under the IP/MPLS structure, route is kept away not open forever, can only accomplish partly to reduce the routing table lookup number of times, not tackle the problem at its root: the first, do not eliminate the generative process of routing table complexity, huge routing table, and to the time-consuming inquiry work of routing table; The second, can not whether belong to same stream to each IP bag that independently, arrives at random on the time and effectively assert; The 3rd, when the quantity that flows was very big, the storage overhead of the computing cost of identification stream and preservation stream mode was all very big; The 4th owing to be difficult to predict the length of a stream, therefore for a short stream, may be just for its set up label switched path it just horse back just be through with, its effect is also poorer than route; The 5th, adopt label switched to improve complexity, for example the generation of mark, distribution, management etc. make core net inside do more complicated and more complicated, have increased the complexity of Internet core.
In sum, existing protocol function complexity, efficient are not high, can not satisfy the demand of nodes domains management and control.
Summary of the invention
Existing problem and shortage in the communication means at above-mentioned existing hierarchical switched network, purpose of the present invention provide on a kind of structure flexibly and flow has increased the short circuit communication method of the hierarchical switched network of extensibility rationally, simultaneously.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network, and the short circuit channel table, short circuit prefix addresses mapping table and the indirect short circuit node table that carry out the short circuit Control on Communication are set, and the short circuit communication of packet may further comprise the steps,
1) packet arrives certain nodes domains, and inquiry and coupling short circuit prefix addresses mapping table and short circuit channel table determine whether to carry out indirect or direct short circuit communication; If do not need direct or indirect short circuit communication, then enter step 3); Otherwise, if need indirect short circuit communication, then packet is delivered to the direct short circuit nodes domains of this side, enter step 2 then); If need direct short circuit communication, then directly enter step 2);
2) inquiry and coupling short circuit channel table send to the short circuit channel to the rear flank with packet, enter step 3);
3) utilize the common tree channel of hierarchical switched network to send packet.
Further, described short circuit can be any link between the nodes domains of any different levels that are in tree, only occurs up or only occurs descendingly for the path between two nodes domains, does not allow its short circuit.
Further, described nodes domains is to comprise the interconnected logical node territory that forms of a plurality of switches.
Further, described short circuit channel table is arranged in the direct short circuit nodes domains of short circuit channel one side, each list item comprises that short circuit channel offside participates in connecting in the sign of the short circuit nodes domains of short circuit communication, this side gusset territory port numbers sign of the node identification (SID) of short circuit channel, this node, the bandwidth of short circuit channel and the state of short circuit channel, the direct short circuit nodes domains that short circuit channel offside is all and the address prefix of short circuit nodes domains indirectly.
Further, comprise a short circuit prefix addresses mapping table in the described indirect short circuit nodes domains, the list item of this short circuit prefix addresses mapping table comprises the address prefix of the address prefix of all direct and indirect short circuit nodes domains of offside, the corresponding direct short circuit nodes domains of this side and the state of short circuit channel.
Further, comprise an indirect short circuit nodes domains table in the described direct short circuit nodes domains, this indirect short circuit nodes domains table is set up related with the short circuit channel all indirect short circuit nodes domains of this side; Each list item comprises the sign of the address prefix and the short circuit channel of indirect short circuit nodes domains, and wherein the address prefix of a pair of direct short circuit nodes domains of the available short circuit channel of the sign of short circuit channel both sides is represented.
Described short circuit channel status changes, and promptly loses efficacy or recovery, after directly the short circuit nodes domains detects state variation in lower layer protocol, notifies all indirect short circuit nodes domains of this side automatically; When match query short circuit prefix addresses mapping table or short circuit channel table, if the state of short circuit channel is in failure state, then can not obtain coupling, packet is sent to the destination along the tree channel.
Further, when the list item of described packet rs destination address and short circuit prefix addresses mapping table mates, utilize the tunnel that packet is delivered to the direct short circuit nodes domains of this side of short circuit channel, wherein available tunneling technique comprises hop to hop option header (Hop-by-hop Options Header), route header (Routing Header) and stay of two nights option header (DestinationOptions Header) technology; Also can realize by the internal control message technology of hierarchical switched network.
Further, described short circuit channel is a logic channel, and it is made up of many physical channels.
In addition, participate in a short circuit channel and carry out all nodes domains that direct short circuit communication is communicated by letter with indirect short circuit, form a short circuit communication set.No matter how complicated the relation of short circuit communication and at how interlaced between the nodes domains of different short circuit channels, and all configuration informations are all arranged with the short circuit communication set.Make that like this layoutprocedure of short circuit channel table, short circuit prefix addresses mapping table and indirect short circuit nodes domains table is very clear simple.Though wherein one or some forms all will be arranged in all member node territories of short circuit communication set, its configuration operation has related to the keeper in all member node territories in the short circuit communication set, is very difficult but require many keepers to work in coordination to finish correct form configuration.For this reason, the present invention can be only in the both sides of short circuit channel direct short circuit nodes domains finish configuration, as long as the keeper of these two nodes domains participates in.Short circuit channel table wherein and indirect short circuit nodes domains table all are in the direct short circuit nodes domains, though short circuit prefix addresses mapping table is in all indirect short circuit nodes domains, but can directly generate in the short circuit nodes domains, give all indirect short circuit nodes domains of this side then automatically and the not administrative staff of these nodes domains participation.Configuration of the present invention simply is difficult for makeing mistakes.
The topological structure of hierarchical switched network is strict tree, the strictness coupling of address structure and topological structure, make hierarchical switched network replace route with exchange, bring a series of good network performances, but lost the flexibility of network configuration simultaneously, usually communication must be transmitted through father node territory, upper strata at a distance between the adjacent nodes domains, and is unreasonable sometimes.The invention solves this problem, both kept the advantage of tree, overcome the ineffective activity of tree structure again.The use of many short circuit channels makes network have the characteristic of fully connected topology arbitrarily.With the capacity between the expansion backbone node territory, increase the reliability of communication, making between the specific communications partner to have special path, has improved the quality of particular communications application.Make the short circuit channel to provide the short circuit communication service, improved the utilance of short circuit channel, increased the flexibility of short circuit communication for communication parter arbitrarily.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is made detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that connects the short circuit channel between the nodes domains arbitrarily;
Fig. 2 is a short circuit channel table schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is another structural representation of the short circuit between the nodes domains of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a short circuit prefix addresses mapping table schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention sets the short circuit structural representation between the internal node territory;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the extension of short circuit channel of the present invention;
Fig. 7 a is one type a structural representation of short circuit nodes domains of the present invention;
Fig. 7 b is the structural representation of the another kind of type of short circuit nodes domains of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the indirect short circuit nodes domains of the present invention table;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation that the high-rise backbone network of the present invention connects short circuit communication entirely;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the indirect short circuit communication of the high-rise backbone network of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention connects the short circuit channel of two different nodes domains, and a logic channel can being made up of many physical channels also can be a simple physical channel.As other tree structure channels of hierarchical network, the load allocating of many physical channels and detection balanced, that indivedual physical channels were wherein lost efficacy and finding lost efficacy and recover after work such as self-healing processing finish by lower floor's functional module.As shown in Figure 1, the present invention has provided two hierarchical networks, represents that with root node territory A one with root node A ' expression for one; Network is represented the logic channel of tree to abbreviate the tree channel as with double solid line among the figure; Dot the short circuit channel.Short circuit channel of the present invention has the feature of following four aspects:
1, allows that many arbitrarily short circuit channels are arranged in the hierarchical switched network;
2, allow a nodes domains that other any a plurality of nodes domains are had the short circuit channel;
3, allow to be between the nodes domains of any different levels of tree the short circuit channel is arranged; But only occur up or only occur descendingly for the path between two nodes domains, do not allow its short circuit.That is to say that only two nodes domains in a upstream or downstream tree channel do not allow short circuit;
4, allow the short circuit channel to extend arbitrarily.
Nodes domains of the present invention judges at first whether this nodes domains has the short circuit channel when receiving packet, then directly do not handle the tree channel if having; Then handle the short circuit channel earlier if having, handle the tree channel then.
Packet of the present invention is transmitted as follows: 1) judged whether the short circuit channel table.If do not have, change 2); If have, look into address prefix high-order identical with the packet rs destination address whether in the short circuit channel table, if there is not identical item, commentaries on classics 2); If the item of coupling is arranged, forward on the short circuit channel that in the short circuit channel table, indicates (by SID and PID decision).Exchange process finishes.2) for the packet that does not need the short circuit channel to transmit, judge that it is forwarded upstream or descending forwarding.Judge up method is whether comparing data bag destination address is identical with the address prefix part of this nodes domains, if different, then meets up condition, gives the father node territory with the packet forwarded upstream; If not the upstream data bag then selects descending logic channel to transmit packet.The selection of descending logic channel is by the value decision of the part of corresponding this nodes domains exchange field in the packet rs destination address.
The present invention makes the table of " short circuit channel table " handle the short circuit channel by increase by one in the switch of nodes domains, and the structure of table as shown in Figure 2.Among Fig. 2, nodes domains sign is the address prefix of the nodes domains that connected of short circuit channel the other side.A wherein
i/ B
iMethod for expressing identical with the CIDR notation method.A
iBe address prefix, B
iBe mask-length.SID is the switch that connects corresponding short circuit channel in this nodes domains, and PID is the port of this switch.Bandwidth refers to the capacity of short circuit channel, and the present invention is unit with Mbps.State refers to that channel can be with (state 0) or lost efficacy (state 1).The other side's nodes domains address prefix preceding two among Fig. 2 is identical, represents that these two short circuit channel offsides are identical, belongs to same logic channel, but two physical channels connect away from the different switches of this nodes domains and different port.
Nodes domains of the present invention is inserted earlier the processing at the short circuit channel when handle packet is transmitted, the prefix part of judgment data bag stay of two nights address whether with the short circuit channel table in a certain consistent, if consistent, from table, obtain SID and PID.This SID and PID have been arranged, just can carry out the encapsulation (being used for the encapsulation that nodes domains inside is transmitted to packet SID/PID) of EPID, deliver to the switch and the port at short circuit channel place according to SID and the PID packet after with the EPID encapsulation then and forward packet.In this process, the short circuit channel is equivalent to foreign channels.Because the restriction of structure, the short circuit channel quantity of a nodes domains of the present invention is seldom, can not surpass 3～5 usually, so the short circuit channel table also has only 3～5 list items, and the time of handling of tabling look-up can be ignored.For the nodes domains that does not have the short circuit channel, the short circuit channel table is empty, just deteriorates to and has only normal operations from packet to outside delivery channel that transmit.
In order to make the short circuit channel that increases not influence the characteristic of tree, a short circuit channel of the present invention has only the effect of point-to-point, and packet is delivered to the other side of short circuit channel, even if finished task.Whether to when the short circuit channel is sent, only consider the address of the other side's nodes domains in decision, not consider the hierarchical position of the other side's nodes domains.Like this, just simplified intractability, easily the tree channel has been separated with the short circuit channel, made it is the network structure that connects arbitrarily outwardly, still had all characteristics of hierarchy type tree the short circuit channel.
The direct-connected nodes domains in short circuit channel two ends is called " directly short circuit nodes domains ".As nodes domains C ' among Fig. 3 and nodes domains E.When the short circuit channel is used between the user of two direct short circuit nodes domains mutual communication (communication between the two stalks tree), be called the direct short circuit communication of short circuit channel.To the direct short circuit communication of short circuit channel, if can only be used for the process (descending) of transmission downwards, after promptly packet has arrived the direct short circuit nodes domains of the other side, can only transmit downwards by the control method of Fig. 2, can not upwards transmit (up).As the packet that nodes domains C ' among Fig. 3 transmits to nodes domains E, if only listed the address prefix of nodes domains E in the short circuit channel table of C ', its destination can only be the stay of two nights main frame in the E subtree, and can not upwards transmit from E.Its reason is that C ' nodes domains is determining when E transmits, with Rule of judgment be the address prefix of E, the high-order portion of the stay of two nights address high-order portion of packet and E nodes domains address is identical, after packet has arrived E, can not continue upwards to transmit, the recipient of packet can only be any one main frame in E, J and this stalk tree of K.
Possess the ability that upwards transmits for making, the present invention is expanded the short circuit channel table.Utilize still that the short circuit channel of nodes domains C ' and nodes domains E is illustrated as example among Fig. 3.If the address prefix of E nodes domains not only is set in the short circuit channel table of nodes domains C ', the address prefix that adds the root node territory (A) of the affiliated tree of E nodes domains simultaneously, not only high address and the on all four packet of E nodes domains address prefix are sent to E, and E place whole is that the tree of root also can arrive with A.
If can allow nodes domains C ' packet of destination for another subtree (for example H subtree among Fig. 3) be forwarded, as long as the address prefix of nodes domains II is registered in the short circuit channel table of C ' by short circuit channel C '-E.In case after packet had been delivered to E from C ', it just arrived H along B, A, D in the tree on right side.Preceding two stations are up, and two stations, back are descending.
As can be seen, by the short circuit channel table, as long as same short circuit channel (being represented by SID/PID) is listed the nodes domains address prefix of a plurality of the other side's Hierarchical Networks, just can realize to the other side's the whole network or the packet forwarding of subnet arbitrarily, and operation is very simple, does not influence original tree and characteristic thereof.Above-mentioned expansion to the short circuit channel table makes other nodes domains that does not directly link to each other with the short circuit channel also can be placed in the short circuit channel table.The nodes domains that the present invention claims that these and short circuit interchannel are set channel separates is indirect short circuit nodes domains, to be different from the direct short circuit nodes domains of short circuit channel both sides.In both sides user, have one at least from indirect short circuit nodes domains, at this moment claim the indirect short circuit communication of this communication for the short circuit channel by the short circuit channel communication.No matter be provided with how many nodes domains address prefixs like this in the short circuit channel table, the communication on the short circuit channel of the present invention can be divided into direct short circuit communication two classes of communicating by letter with indirect short circuit.
Among Fig. 3, for short circuit channel C '-E, if only allow direct short circuit communication, when then communicating between any main frame among any main frame among the C ' of child node territory and the child node territory E, no matter be to flow to the packet of E or the packet that flows to C ' from E, all walk the same road directly from C '.If changing, the right side of the C ' among Fig. 3-E shorting stub links nodes domains A, become C '-A short circuit channel, and only allow direct short circuit communication, then the All hosts in the C ' subdomain can be communicated by letter with All hosts in the whole tree of A, and two-way packet still can be walked identical path.Under the extreme case, if the short circuit channel is A '-A, and only allow direct short circuit communication, then can both communicate by letter normally between the All hosts in two trees, the bi-directional data bag is walked identical path.
The short circuit channel is differentiated on transmittability with the tree channel.With Fig. 3 is example, supposes short circuit channel C '-E has been disposed in C ' nodes domains the address prefix of nodes domains E and H.When a main frame Ha among the F ' will communicate by letter with a main frame Hb among the L, the packet that Ha issues Hb can arrive main frame Hb through F ', C ', E, B, A, D, H, L, but can not find main frame Ha from the packet that Hb issues Ha.Because stay of two nights address is the address of main frame Ha, to could arrive through F ', but packet is behind L, H, D, arrival nodes domains A, according to the rule of nodes domains by the address field exchange data packets, nodes domains A can not remove the descending E that delivers to of packet, and thinks that the address of Ha has exceeded the scope of this Tree Network.Home Network can not find, and just delivers to Hierarchical Network place in addition from default path and has gone.Although finally also can deliver to main frame Ha, the path of walking is to have passed through non-hierarchical network that the external world and A ' and A two hierarchical networks are connected simultaneously or higher level hierarchical network.For addressing this problem, the present invention also disposes the address prefix of C ' subdomain in nodes domains H, and sets up " a short circuit prefix addresses mapping table " as Fig. 4, C ' subdomain address prefix is mapped to the address prefix of E subdomain.When the main frame Ha of any main frame Hb in C ' among the H sent out packet, packet was up to H, found to have in the prefix addresses mapping table prefix of C ', just with the address encapsulated data packet of E, set up a tunnel between H and E.This packet is delivered to nodes domains E by the tunnel from H like this.Behind nodes domains E, remove encapsulation, the discovery packet should be delivered to C ' by the short circuit channel from the short circuit channel table of E.Deliver to main frame Ha by C ' then.Such control method has been arranged, and the norator nodes domains can be put in the short circuit channel table.For convenience, the present invention claims this short circuit encapsulation that is encapsulated as, and claims that this tunnel is the short circuit tunnel.
It should be noted that setting up the short circuit tunnel is not unique method, deliver to E to packet earlier, judge whether to give C ' with packet by E again, also have simpler way through the short circuit channel.The present invention can utilize the function of the extension header of IPv6, next header wherein (Next Header) number be hop to hop option header (Hop-by-hop OptionsHeader), next newspaper of 0 No.1 be 43 route header (Routing Header) or next newspaper No.1 be 60 stay of two nights option header (Destination Options Header), can be used for realizing earlier packet being delivered to nodes domains E, deliver to the purpose of C ' after handling by E again.The present invention is that example is illustrated with stay of two nights option header (being numbered 60).Hb issues the packet of Ha, after being up to H, finding has short circuit prefix addresses mapping table among the H, and it is the address prefix corresponding relation of C ' and E that a list item is arranged, and just contain the address prefix of C ' among the stay of two nights address Ha of packet, just in time mate with list item, at this moment from table, find the prefix of E, utilize the stay of two nights address of the prefix of E as packet, and original stay of two nights address Ha is kept among the Option of extension header, and indicate that in Option suitable TLV (type, length, value) is kept at Ha among the V.After packet is sent to nodes domains E, E is exactly the stay of two nights (the interim stay of two nights) of this packet, it just checks its extension header stay of two nights option header, according to defined TLV, know that this is the processing of indirect short circuit, take out the original stay of two nights address Ha of packet from the V field of Option, as real stay of two nights address, and the cancellation extension header, data packet recovery is become appearance when Hb sends, transmit this packet then.During forwarding, look into the short circuit channel table certainly earlier, the list item of C ' is arranged in the table of discovery, and identical with the address prefix of packet stay of two nights address Ha, just it is delivered to C ' from the short circuit channel.Be not difficult to find out that packet arrives E and after E is resumed into raw data packets, is exactly the normal directly processing of short circuit.
In the above-mentioned example, packet is delivered to the process of interim stay of two nights E after H is modified, and is normal packet repeating process, but has arrived E, and E becomes the recipient of packet, will go wrong.Because rule according to hierarchical network, needs for network security, has only built-in message (adopting the message of inner special address), could be received by certain switch in nodes domains, the nodes domains or certain server in the nodes domains, and general user data package can only be forwarded, and can not be accepted.The present invention proposes two kinds of solutions.A kind of method is to enable the extension header function.For quick, easy, do not check the extension header of IPv6 packet in Hierarchical Network inside in the past, and pellucidly packet was forwarded to the edge outlet of Hierarchical Network, extension header by the stay of two nights by oneself.The present invention now requires to consult earlier whether extension header is arranged before nodes domains transmits the packet of receiving, if any, check whether to have to be numbered 60 extension header, if any, reexamine whether the T of specifically defined TLV type is arranged, if any, the work of then making to recover raw data packets.As long as above-mentioned any one judgement occurs just not doing the forwarding of normal data packet.Second method of the present invention is directly dressed up data envelope the internal data bag in II.Stay of two nights address is the address prefix of E, and source address is the address prefix of H, and at the low portion of stay of two nights address, indicates it is to receive this packet by nodes domains.Packet is handled after arriving E, cancels encapsulation, recovers raw data packets.This method does not just need to enable extension header and has handled accordingly.
The present invention proposes three kinds of methods and handle the processing of reverse data bag on the indirect short circuit channel (issuing the packet of Ha from Hb): 1) between H and E, set up the tunnel, process (cancelling tunnel encapsulation) at termination point of a tunnel; 2) enable the processing of extension header, utilize stay of two nights options extension header, allow interim stay of two nights E check TLV and deal with (recovery raw data packets); 3) be packaged into built-in message, cancel encapsulation at interim stay of two nights E.The present invention the preferred the 3rd) the kind method, this also is a kind of tunnel approach in fact, is a kind of special tunnel approach, utilizes the characteristics of internal control message specific addressing, avoids process IP v6 extension header, makes hierarchical switched network keep simple, transparent characteristic.For easy, in the description later, above-mentioned transfer approach abbreviates the short circuit tunnel without exception as.
No matter any method all will increase length of data package, for example is packaged into built-in message, will increase by 40 bytes at least.Here, 16 byte stay of two nights home addresses, 16 byte source internal addresses, the Option of 8 byte TLV forms.Though the source internal address can not wanted, for the standardization of data packet format, the present invention still adds it; Though TLVOption is as long as the T of a byte is just much of that, for the length of any header of satisfying IPv6 all should be the integral multiple of 8 bytes, although built-in message can be becomed privileged, the present invention also abides by the rule of 8 byte integer times.In order to satisfy the requirement of MTU, when IPv6 query path maximum MTU, should be taken into account this point.
If in the short circuit nodes domains of E to short circuit channel C '-E registration, except direct short circuit nodes domains C ', also have indirect short circuit nodes domains (for example B ') to exist, the address prefix mapping item of C ' to E then not only arranged in H " short circuit prefix addresses mapping table ", also have the address prefix mapping item of B ' to E.The other side's direct short circuit nodes domains has only one, but the short circuit nodes domains can have much indirectly, should comprise the other side's direct short circuit nodes domains and all indirect short circuit nodes domains in short circuit prefix addresses mapping table.
After a collection of indirect short circuit nodes domains has all been expanded in short circuit channel both sides, as long as set up " short circuit prefix addresses mapping table " list item of the indirect short circuit nodes domains of the other side symmetrically in both sides' indirect short circuit nodes domains, the communication between both sides' the indirect short circuit nodes domains just fully may.
For short circuit channel table or short circuit prefix addresses mapping table, each list item all should have a mode field, indicates that the short circuit channel is in normal operating conditions or temporary transient the inefficacy.No matter be direct short circuit nodes domains or indirect short circuit nodes domains,, will be regarded as not existing that packet exchanges forwarding by the tree channel switch rule of no short circuit to being in the short circuit channel of failure state.By the default connection between two trees (for example two trees are linked extraneous non-hierarchical network respectively or link more high-rise hierarchical network), still can communicate by letter, just detouring can be far away.
Short circuit channel control law of the present invention is: to indirect short circuit communication, if a side of short circuit channel (for example C ' among Fig. 3) has comprised the other side's indirect nodes domains address prefix (for example H) in the short circuit channel table, then require also will to dispose in this indirect short circuit nodes domains (H) address prefix of offside (C '), and set up the mapping item (C ' with the mapping of E) of short circuit channel both sides direct short circuit nodes domains address prefix and the mapping item (as the mapping of B ' and E) of all indirect short circuit nodes domains address prefixs.Mode by the short circuit tunnel is delivered to direct short circuit nodes domains (E) with packet from indirect short circuit nodes domains (H), seal off by direct short circuit nodes domains (E) then after the short circuit channel is delivered to the direct short circuit nodes domains of the other side (C ') (if destination address is not C ' but farther B ' then also will be forwarded to B ' by C '.This forwarding is just transmitted rule with the tree channel of routine and is carried out), finish the transmission of reverse data bag.
Like this, the present invention has not only guaranteed oppositely (to remove C ' from H), and packet can be delivered to the destination, has guaranteed that also forward (removing H from C ') packet walks identical path with reverse (removing C ' from H) packet.Equally, in above-mentioned example based on Fig. 3, when except comprising direct short circuit nodes domains C ', also having indirect short circuit nodes domains B ' in the short circuit channel table of E, the short circuit prefix addresses mapping item of all direct short circuit nodes domains E of the other side and indirect short circuit nodes domains H etc. to be arranged also in B '.The processing method of both sides is the same.The setting in short circuit of the present invention tunnel, not only make the packet of communication on both direction of initiating walk identical path by direct short circuit nodes domains one side (for example C '), also guaranteed from the communication of indirect short circuit nodes domains one side (for example H) initiation, by the tunnel encapsulation of doing in the H nodes domains, also can arrive the other side (for example main frame Ha), and two-way also be to walk identical path.
Also there is a problem in the short circuit channel, and the present invention still is that example is illustrated with Fig. 3.Suppose to have comprised two items in the short circuit channel table of C ' among Fig. 3, one is the address prefix of E, and another is the address prefix of A.E is direct short circuit nodes domains, and A is indirect short circuit nodes domains.When the subscriber's main station Ha among the F ' when main frame Hb among the L communicates by letter, short circuit channel control law according to the front, the path of forward data bag (Ha removes Hb) is Ha-F '-C '-E-B-A-D-H-L-Hb, the path of reverse data bag (Hb removes Ha) is Hb-L-H-D-A-B-E-C '-F '-Ha, and the path that both direction is walked is identical.Because the short circuit map addresses list item of C ' to E arranged among the A, and in principle, the reverse data bag that any main frame of any main frame among the A in C ' send can both find a paths to communicate, but can not guarantee the two-way identical path of walking.Now illustrate, suppose that the main frame Ha of Fig. 3 nodes domains F ' communicates by letter with main frame Hc among the nodes domains G, rule according to the front, the path of forward data bag (Ha removes Hc) is Ha-F '-C '-E-B-G-Hc, the path of reverse data bag (Hc removes Ha) is Hc-G-B-A-B-E-C '-F '-Ha, the path difference that both direction is walked.Forward path has only 6 to jump, and reverse path has 8 to jump, and B has occurred twice in the reverse path.Be up to A from B, in A, carry out tunnel encapsulation after, again from A go downwards to B (because B do not have the short circuit map addresses list item of C ' to E, and have among the A, so packet can only be up to A from B, after in A, encapsulating, the B that passes through under the ability removes E), repeatedly walked B-A and A-B.And the uplink and downlink of this repetition are unnecessary originally.In the top example, have only a nodes domains B between E and the A, if a plurality of nodes domains are arranged, situation is more serious, wastes the high-rise channel resource of Hierarchical Network in a large number.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention is not only indirectly preserving the address prefix of C ' and the mapping item of E address prefix among the short circuit nodes domains A, also require direct all between short circuit nodes domains E and the indirect short circuit nodes domains A by way of nodes domains (having only B in this example) all preserve this mapping item.Like this, the path of the reverse data bag (Hc removes Ha) in the last example is Hc-G-B-E-C '-F '-Ha, and is identical with the path that the forward data bag is walked.Tunnel encapsulation is not done in A, but does in B, and the tunnel starts from B E finally.After in case packet is carried out tunnel encapsulation by first coupling mapping item that runs into, mapping table is arranged even later on the way run into nodes domains again, because the stay of two nights of packet has been E, the encapsulation of carrying out repetition of also can not tabling look-up again.
It should be noted that, above-mentioned " all by way of nodes domains " are restricted conditions, have only when direct short circuit nodes domains (E in this example) is only used up channel on the path that indirect short circuit nodes domains (A) is seted out, all by way of nodes domains just to preserve mapping item.As long as down channel occurred, just all do not preserved mapping item.The present invention claims that this to have only the path of up channel be dull up path, and having only the path of down channel to call dull downlink path.Dull up path and dull downlink path all are called dull path.As among Fig. 3 with nodes domains H during as the indirect short circuit nodes domains of C ', the main frame among the C ' only with the H subtree in subscriber's main station just have short circuit to communicate by letter, it is packed that reverse data wraps in H, the tunnel starts from H E finally, tunnel path is H-D-A-B-E.Obviously, need in nodes domains B, A, D, not set up the tunnel, thereby not need them to preserve mapping item.That is to say that on the road that indirect short circuit nodes domains H sets out, row goes downwards to D and H again behind A on the way from direct short circuit nodes domains E, as long as occurred descendingly, has been not dull up path just, has not just all preserved mapping item along the nodes domains on road.
The present invention is summarized as follows indirect short circuit control of communication method:
1) preserving the mapping item of the address prefix of short circuit channel all direct short circuit nodes domains of offside and indirect short circuit nodes domains in the short circuit nodes domains indirectly to the direct short circuit nodes domains of this side address prefix;
2) if the highway section from direct short circuit nodes domains to indirect short circuit nodes domains is dull up path, then along the road all by way of nodes domains in all to preserve the map addresses list item; If the dull path of these highway section right and wrong, then nodes domains is not preserved the map addresses list item on the way.In addition, the highway section from direct short circuit nodes domains to indirect short circuit nodes domains is dull downlink path impossible occur;
When 3) transmitting reverse data, when running into first nodes domains that has the appropriate address mapping item, will deliver to corresponding direct short circuit nodes domains with the tunnel.
Short circuit communication not only can be used for also can being used between the different subtrees of same tree network between two different tree networks (usually by two different ISP operations), also is not limited to the residing level of the direct short circuit nodes domains in channel both sides.As shown in Figure 5, show three short circuits between the same tree interior nodes territory.With F-L is example, if only allow the intercommunication of the user in F and the L subdomain, just has only direct short circuit communication.If in the short circuit channel table of L, also comprised indirect short circuit nodes domains E, just allowed indirect short circuit communication.Rule and corresponding control method that the present invention communicates by letter with indirect short circuit to direct short circuit communication are equally applicable to the short circuit communication in the same tree.But because each subtree address all is the subaddressing of top each node layer domain addresses in the same tree, if mistake will appear in the improper use of short circuit channel.
In three short circuit channels, F-L and C-L are legal, and A-L is illegal.Apparently, A-L can reduce the jumping figure of communicating by letter between the user in user and B, the C subtree among the L, for example path L-H-D-A-B is shortened to L-A-B.But like this behind the short circuit, according to handling the short circuit channel earlier, reprocessing is up, handles descending Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule at last, as the user among the L during to the telex network of other nodes domains, only walks L-A forever, has not gone further the path of L-H.If communication counterpart is the subscriber's main station in A, B, C, E, F, G, each nodes domains of J, K, is correct.If communication counterpart is the user in D, H, I, L, each nodes domains of M, and is just incorrect.
Such mistake is divided into two classes.One class is to D, H, each nodes domains user's communications of I, M, should walk along the tree channel, and the A that but detours now goes downwards to D, H, each nodes domains of I, M then.Thisly detour that itself is unreasonable, great distance, the bandwidth of having wasted valuable high-rise channel A-D highway section makes that also the packet on the both direction is walked different paths, and for example L goes the packet of M to walk L-A-D-H-M, and reciprocal packet is walked M-H-L.To this class mistake, though have that jumping figure is many, shortcomings such as bandwidth waste and two-way different paths, communication still can be finished.Another kind of mistake appears at communicating by letter between lower level node territory (N and the P) user of L nodes domains inside or L.The gross error that packet Infinite Cyclic in tree at this moment will occur.For example the packet of issuing P from N will be walked N-L-A-D-H-L-A-D-H-L ..., in the loop that constitutes by L, A, D, H, L, circulate, send less than the destination forever.
Solution of the present invention is to set up a short circuit rule: between the direct short circuit nodes domains of short circuit channel both sides, if be dull up path of same tree (for the L of Fig. 5) or dull downlink path (for the A of Fig. 5), be should be forbidden.If the dull path of right and wrong then allows.In three short circuit channels of Fig. 5, F-L and C-L allow, and A-L is should be forbidden.Only to being suitable for the short circuit channel in the one tree, the short circuit between the difference tree does not have this restriction to this rule.
The short circuit channel can be extended by overlapping.In order more clearly to study the characteristic that the short circuit channel extends, the present invention is that example is illustrated with Fig. 6.Dark nodes domains represents to participate in the nodes domains of short circuit among the figure, and dotted line is represented the short circuit channel, and chain-dotted line is represented indirect short circuit relation and physically do not existed.
Listed the condition of asking of two kinds of short circuit channel extensions among Fig. 6.A kind of is to extend by direct short circuit nodes domains, as F-L-M.Another kind is to extend by indirect short circuit nodes domains, as F-L-I-B '.Further, if I-B ' has expanded to C ' by the mode of indirect short circuit again, then have F-L-I-B '-C ', situation is very complicated.No matter there is how many times to extend, a rule is arranged, directly the short circuit channel can occur continuously, also can insert an indirect short circuit relation in the centre.In fact, no matter directly how short circuit channel (dotted line among the figure) and indirect short circuit relation (chain-dotted line among the figure) extend mutually, and how complicated, short of configuration information even line is arranged, also is that it doesn't matter mutually.Though the possibility of F-L-I-B '-C ' or F-L-M communication is for example arranged among Fig. 6, if only comprised L in the short circuit channel table of F, then the destination is after the packet of M, I, B ' and C ' enters F, can not see off through short circuit channel F-L.Thereby annexation can be complicated arbitrarily, and regulation short circuit relation extents is the list item information of configuration in short circuit channel table and the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table.Among Fig. 6, can communicate by letter between Ha and the Hb, must comprise L and M in the short circuit channel table of F if allow, same, for the symmetry of communicating by letter, also to comprise L and F in the short circuit channel table of M.Certainly, comprise two direct short circuit nodes domains F and M among the L.Can communicate by letter symmetrically if make between Ha and the Hc, should comprise L and I in the short circuit channel table of F, should comprise F in the short circuit channel table of L, should comprise the map addresses list item of F in the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table of I to L.After the configuration, it doesn't matter for the communication set that the short circuit channel of I-B ' and F, L, three nodes domains of I are formed like this.Can communicate by letter if make between Ha and the Hd, should comprise L, I, B ', C ' in the short circuit channel table of F, should comprise F in the short circuit channel table of L, should comprise B ' and C ' in the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table of L (notes to the map addresses list item of I, at this moment L has dual identity, it is the direct short circuit nodes domains of F-L short circuit channel on the one hand, and the short circuit channel table is arranged; It is again the indirect short circuit nodes domains of I-B ' short circuit channel on the other hand, and short circuit prefix addresses mapping table is arranged.So L has two tables simultaneously), should comprise the map addresses list item of F in the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table of I to L, to comprise B ' and C ' (I also is a dual identity) in the short circuit channel table of I, I, L, F should be comprised in the short circuit channel table of B ', F, L, I map addresses list item should be comprised in the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table of C ' to B '.Communication between Ha and the Hd is exactly the extension of short circuit channel.Though this seems complicated, Pei Zhi principle is equally very simple in fact, as long as long-range nodes domains address prefix is configured to respectively in two tables.
In above-mentioned example, Ha is sent to the packet of Hd, only on the L-I section tunnel encapsulation is arranged, and does not have tunnel encapsulation on B '-C ' section.Hd is sent to the packet of Ha, on C '-B ' section tunnel encapsulation is arranged, and tunnel encapsulation is also arranged on the I-L section.
It is complicated, very regular in fact that above-mentioned layoutprocedure seems.The scope of needs communication is depended in configuration.The present invention calls a short circuit communication set (being called for short " communication set " sometimes) to a group node territory that will utilize direct short circuit channel and indirect short circuit correspondence to communicate mutually.For example F, L and I can form a communication set, I, B ', C ' can form another communication set and with F, L, it doesn't matter for the I communication set.Even L, I, B ', C ' communication set, also can be with F, L, it doesn't matter for the I communication set: to L, I, B ', C ' communication set, comprise B ', C ' in the short circuit channel table among the I, short circuit channel table among the B ' comprises I, L, comprise B ' and C ' map addresses list item in the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table among the L, comprise L and I map addresses list item in the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table among the C ' to B ' to I.To F, L, I communication set, comprise L and I in the short circuit channel table among the F, the short circuit channel table among the L comprises F, comprises the map addresses list item of F to L in the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table among the I.After the configuration, even two communication set have public short circuit nodes domains L and I, also have the indirect short circuit relation of public L-I like this, two communication set remain independently each other.And have only when F, L, I, B ', C ' being combined in the communication set (above communicate by letter between Ha and the Hd example), just need cover long-range more nodes domains in two tables.
It is tenability to the IPv4 tunnel that short circuit communication also has a problem.As what discuss at hierarchical network IPv4 tunnel segment, the IPv4 bag must be encapsulated in the IPv6 packet header, could transmit through hierarchical network.The tunnel is to set up between two edge ports of a hierarchical network, if two edge ports are in respectively in a certain subtree of two trees, how to set up the tunnel and finish short circuit communication? is the present invention can become two parts to PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION: a part that how to cross over different trees be that IPv4 bag is set up the IPv6 tunnel? is another part how to realize short circuit communication (comprise direct short circuit communication communicate by letter with indirect short circuit)? after a preceding in fact part is finished, the packet that obtains has been the IPv6 form, to the short circuit Control on Communication that they are done, as broad as long with aforesaid method.Subject matter is that the IPv4 bag is set up on the IPv6 tunnel with regard to concentrating on the different tree of leap.This IPv4 network No. and corresponding hierarchical network edge port address prefix that requires to use in the relevant subtree in short circuit channel both sides is kept in the tunnel configuration server separately of both sides, when initiating communication, do the IPv6 tunnel encapsulation earlier, carry out the short circuit control of communication again and get final product.
In order to reduce the complexity of configuration, the present invention cooked up earlier and need carry out short circuit nodes in communication territory before configuration short circuit channel, and they are classified as a short circuit communication set.To the configuration of short circuit channel, be that unit carries out with the short circuit communication set.
Find out that from the foregoing description the nodes domains relevant with short circuit channel has a lot, and is divided into two classes: the first kind is direct short circuit nodes domains; Second class is indirect short circuit nodes domains.The present invention is classified as second class helping the indirect short circuit nodes domains of encapsulation to be included in the general indirect short circuit nodes domains on the dull up path.First kind configuration short circuit channel table, second class configuration short circuit address prefix mapping table.Point out as the example in the earlier figures 6,, then have two tables simultaneously if the direct short circuit nodes domains that nodes domains is a short circuit channel is again the indirect short circuit nodes domains of another short circuit channel.When needs short circuit tunnel, last class is the terminal point in tunnel always, and back one class is the starting point in tunnel always.
Among Fig. 7 a, the b, the present invention dots the short circuit channel, represents the annexation of indirect short circuit nodes domains with chain-dotted line, and chain-dotted line does not physically exist.C '-E is the short circuit channel.The indirect short circuit nodes domains D of Fig. 7-a moves towards the dull path of path right and wrong of D from E, is indirect short circuit nodes domains so have only D; The indirect short circuit nodes domains A of Fig. 7-b, owing to the path of moving towards A from E is dull up path, all nodes domains on the dull up path all are indirect short circuit nodes domains, so B and A are the second category node territories of the present invention.
For the situation of Fig. 7-a, the tree structure on the right, E are termination point of a tunnel, and D is the tunnel starting point.For the situation of Fig. 7-b, the tree E on the right is a termination point of a tunnel, and A and B are the tunnel starting points.To short circuit channel C '-when E is configured, to the A net on the right, as long as Fig. 7-a is configuration E and D, and Fig. 7-b will dispose E, A and B.A ' the net on the left side is handled too.
The present invention is that example illustrates that how to be nodes domains be configured with Fig. 7-b.Directly the deploy content of short circuit nodes domains E is a short circuit channel table, and list item is direct short circuit nodes domains C ' and the indirect short circuit nodes domains B ' in the A ' network.These contents are appointments artificially, can only be by manually importing.
In addition, also wanting the artificially to tell E, utilize in the Home Network which the indirect short circuit nodes domains of short circuit channel C '-E is, is B and A in this example.E does not need to use the information of short circuit nodes domains indirectly such as B or A when doing to transmit operation for packet.B and A do not enter in the short circuit channel table of E, but set up the 3rd table, and the present invention is called " the indirect nodes domains table of Home Network ", and as shown in Figure 8, each list item of this table has only two fields: indirect short circuit nodes domains address prefix and corresponding short circuit channel.Wherein Dui Ying short circuit channel can indicate with the short circuit channel identification number, only uses C '-E to represent simply here.The purpose of input B and A has two, and the one, when E cancelled tunnel encapsulation as termination point of a tunnel, whether the source address (the nodes domains home address prefix of B or A) that can check packet was legal; The 2nd, can allow the E be that B and A dispose short circuit prefix addresses mapping table automatically.This automatic configuration is necessary, can simplify nodes domains keeper's configuration operation on the one hand, especially the member who works as the short circuit communication set is more, even when situation that the short circuit channel extends occurring, allow the keeper of a lot of different nodes domains be respectively same short circuit communication set and make human configuration, just make mistakes easily; On the other hand, in these configuration informations, the state of short circuit channel is dynamically to change, if the short circuit channel lost efficacy or the recovery incident, manually removing to revise two tables can not meet the demands, and must carry out real-time state to two tables in each nodes domains automatically by direct short circuit nodes domains and upgrade.
Nodes domains A and B are indirect short circuit nodes domains in the example of Fig. 7-b.Their deploy content has only a short circuit prefix addresses mapping table.List item is C ', the B ' mapping to E.This table does not need artificial input, because the information (in the short circuit channel table) of C ' and B ' has been arranged among the E, has manually imported short circuit nodes domains A and the B (in the indirect nodes domains table of Home Network) of oneself simultaneously among the E yet.Be responsible for the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table list item that structure comprises C ', B ' by E, issue A and B.After A and B receive the list item of sending,, then, the list item of newly receiving suffered as long as being merged to table if short circuit prefix addresses mapping table at other short circuit channels has been arranged oneself; If originally there was not this table among A and the B, then utilize the list item of newly receiving to create a short circuit prefix addresses mapping table.
Because send in the operation of short circuit prefix addresses mapping table, the stay of two nights is each indirect short circuit nodes domains itself, so also will use the internal data bag of home address structure to finish.After sending short circuit prefix addresses mapping table, system just can work.The configuration of short circuit channel offside is operated just the same.
Below network management of the present invention is described.Network management divides two classes in principle, and a class is management of overall importance; One class is the locality management.Management-side wherein of overall importance overweights the planning and the design of network, for example the whole network address exchanges the division of field etc., in a single day these work are finished, if do not have the change on the network configuration and do the planning again that the address exchanges field, just idle at ordinary times, that is to say what relation the management of global administration and day-to-day operation does not almost have.Locality management refers to the management to the individual node territory, and is relevant with the day-to-day operation of network, configuration management, failure management, performance management, safety management, traffic statistics, accounting management etc.The day-to-day operation of network mainly relies on the locality management.Each nodes domains has independently keeper, and the scope of management is exactly this nodes domains.Certainly, if in time the data of each nodes domains local management are aggregated into somewhere, can obtain the operation conditions of the whole network, but these the whole network operation conditionss are to charge in order to show, to gather and unifying, the whole network administrative staff do not need to revise the configuration of certain nodes domains yet.
The arrangement of short circuit channel, the setting of short circuit nodes domains is not that a nodes domains keeper can independently determine, thereby belongs to managerial role of overall importance especially indirectly.Set up how many short circuit channels, where be located at, how many channel capacities respectively is, comprises which indirect short circuit nodes domains etc. respectively, is the demand that situation and user according to the whole network operation propose fully, the overall arrangement by the whole network management and policy-making body.In case finished the arrangement that constitutes etc. of connection place, channel capacity, short circuit communication set of short circuit channel by global administration person after, global administration has also just finished.Its day-to-day operation still is responsible for by the nodes domains keeper, is still locality.As seen, although the short circuit channel is to cross over a plurality of nodes domains, its management mode is not still run counter to the design globalize of hierarchical network, the principle of operational management localization.Can be clear that from the description of front,, all finish in that direct short circuit nodes domains that the short circuit channel is arranged with all configuration places that short circuit is communicated by letter relevant.General headquarters are the keeper who arranges to be notified to this nodes domains, by its execution.The network of short circuit channel offside, operation too.
In the communication process, there is a field to represent the state of short circuit channel in the short circuit channel table: normal or inefficacy.After the port of connection short circuit channel detects the channel inefficacy, channel status is designated as inefficacy.To the short circuit channel that lost efficacy, from the short circuit channel table, do not delete.After nodes domains finds that the short circuit channel lost efficacy, no longer utilize it to transmit packet, even the destination address prefix of packet and list item coupling are also only transmitted by tree channel switch rule.
Owing to kept the short circuit prefix addresses mapping table list item of this short circuit channel indirectly in the short circuit nodes domains.Result from the packet that destination address in the indirect short circuit nodes domains subtree points to short circuit channel offside, still can utilize mapping table to set up the tunnel, packet is sent to the direct short circuit nodes domains of this side, attempt is delivered to the other side by the short circuit channel, certainly can not be successful.In order to allow indirect short circuit nodes domains no longer transmit such packet, should in short circuit prefix addresses mapping table, also corresponding list item be identified into failure state.Way of the present invention is to allow detect the nodes domains that the short circuit channel lost efficacy, and notifies oneself side all indirect short circuit nodes domains with controlling packet.Its control protocol is identical when setting up short circuit prefix addresses mapping table list item, and just mode field was for losing efficacy.
In order to guarantee the correct arrival of controlling packet, receive the nodes domains of controlling packet, should beam back one to the nodes domains of sending controlling packet and reply.Can not receive when replying, cross certain hour and send once again.Repeatedly can not when success, stop to send.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiment of accompanying drawing 9 and accompanying drawing 10.
In hierarchical network, except the communication of subtree inside, a lot of remote access traffics all will be up to high-rise channel and then go other subtrees, and international communication reaches and mainly goes out from the top mode territory with communicating by letter of non-Hierarchical Network.This can make the traffic of upper layer channel very big.Though can alleviate the pressure of upper layer channel with the logic channel on many physical channels structure upper stratas, it is not enough only relying on the increase bandwidth, also should consider how to shunt in network configuration.Using the short circuit channel at high level is one of important means that addresses this problem effectively.The present invention is illustrated with the example of a national network.
Be the example of short circuit communication as shown in Figure 9, the high-rise backbone network of the IP of this example and existing telecommunications network and ISP is quite similar: 8 main cities are set up the backbone node territory in the whole nation, and with the interconnection of full ways of connecting, use altogether 28 channels (N * (N-1)/2, N=8).8 cities connect (solid line) to the upper level node territory with the tree structure channel, and the connection between each city all can be configured to simple directly short circuit channel (dotted line), and is straight-through by the short circuit channel between any two cities, other cities of needn't detouring.Short circuit channel itself also is a logic channel, can have many physical channels to constitute, and with the increase capacity, improves reliability.As seen the cooperation of short circuit channel has been arranged, can solve the high-rise scalability problem of Hierarchical Network better.Each metropolitan nodes domains can be formed with many (for example three) Hierarchical Network switches, connects the lower level node territory in the batch initiation downwards.
Different with conventional telecommunications net or IP network institute, here also set up a nationwide top mode territory, international communication, with Home Network beyond Hierarchical Network or non-Hierarchical Network communicate by letter and when the short circuit channel between certain city lost efficacy, data packet stream is just arranged to the channel that goes to the top mode territory, export or exchange to other city through the top mode territory.This top mode territory can be with three or more Hierarchical Network switch composition being located in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, with the interconnection of high-speed internal channel.
Because the design feature of Hierarchical Network, the communication between lower floor subnet inside or the subnet can not gone to the upper strata, unordered long-range detouring can not occur, and She Ji network like this should be better than traditional IP network to the pressure of high-rise channel.The structure of this full connection makes and has only a jumping between each big city.Even communicate by letter between the user of the bottom, experience 8-10 nodes domains usually and just can arrive.Obviously, need only the short circuit channel table in the nodes domains, do not have short circuit prefix addresses mapping table.
Want to reduce the channel quantity between the city, syndeton will be used indirect short circuit nodes domains entirely.12 short circuit channels have for example only been used among Figure 10.
With Guangzhou is example, all is direct short circuit between it and Chengdu, Shanghai and the Wuhan, has only a jumping.And (transmit through Shanghai) to Nanjing in Guangzhou, (transmit through Wuhan) to Beijing in Guangzhou, (transmit through Chengdu) to Xi'an in Guangzhou, (transmit through Wuhan) to Shenyang in Guangzhou all is double bounce.Double bounce or more multi-hop mean have indirect short circuit nodes domains to exist.That for example initiates from Guangzhou communicates by letter to the Pekinese, utilizes the short circuit channel of Guangzhou to Wuhan, with Beijing as indirect short circuit nodes domains.After packet enters the Guangzhou nodes domains, enter the Wuhan nodes domains through the short circuit channel, owing to have direct short circuit channel between Wuhan and Beijing, packet just has been forwarded to Beijing after having arrived Wuhan.Yet because all connections all are direct connections, the packet that Guangzhou is returned in Beijing can have multiple choices: to Guangzhou, to Guangzhou, all is double bounce through Chengdu through Wuhan.Therefore, will pay special attention to when configuration, a communication set is formed in Guangzhou, Wuhan and Beijing, comprise Wuhan, Beijing in the short circuit channel table in Guangzhou, the short circuit channel table in Wuhan comprises Guangzhou, Beijing, comprises Wuhan, Guangzhou in Pekinese's short circuit channel table.Because Guangzhou has direct short circuit channel to Wuhan and Wuhan successively between these three nodes domains of Beijing, the extension of Here it is the short circuit channel that the front discussed, and be the simplest directly extension of short circuit channel of situation, do not set the participation of channel in the communication path, thereby have only the short circuit channel table in three nodes domains and do not have short circuit prefix addresses mapping table, also needn't use the tunnel.After the configuration, both direction is walked identical path like this.
Need to define a lot of short circuit communication set among Figure 10, for example concerning Guangzhou, for can with every other city between finish with double bounce at most and communicate by letter, except (Guangzhou, Wuhan, Beijing), (Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi'an), (Guangzhou, Shanghai and Nanjing) and (Guangzhou, Wuhan, Shenyang) also should be arranged, because Guangzhou and Beijing, Nanjing, Xi'an, Shenyang do not have channel between four cities, four short circuit communication set just must be arranged.Similarly, the short circuit communication set from Shanghai has (Shanghai, Shenyang, Wuhan), (Shanghai, Shenyang, Xi'an), (Shanghai and Nanjing, Beijing) and (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu).To other cities too, each city participates in four short circuit communication set.After getting rid of the short circuit communication set that repeats, always have 24.The front said, and was the same with the full connection situation of Fig. 9, had only the short circuit channel table in each urban node territory, do not have short circuit prefix addresses mapping table.7 list items are all arranged in the short circuit channel table in each city, and also the full connection situation with Fig. 9 is identical.Cause the same number of reason of list item be in all short circuit communication set all not through the indirect short circuit communication of tree channel, do the indirect short circuit communication of extending and have only through direct short circuit channel.When just clearly listing short circuit channel table and short circuit prefix addresses mapping table for the keeper, short circuit communication set of the present invention uses, in case after list item was listed, after list item was not on the same group merged in the same table, its meaning was just inessential.Certainly, the short circuit channel table is set up at the short circuit channel, the sign and the attribute (nodes domains sign, SID, PID, bandwidth and state among Fig. 2) of necessary predetermined channel in the table, when the state of this short circuit channel changes, affected always relevant short circuit communication set with this channel.Though Fig. 9 is identical with the short circuit channel table item number of Figure 10, the PID of process is different when going to the destination.
If the channel quantity among Figure 10 is continued to reduce, will occur three and jump even four jumpings, and the composition of communication set will be complicated more.Concerning high-rise backbone network, should too not reduce the quantity of short circuit channel, adopt direct short circuit communication is important consideration principle as far as possible.In fact, existing P STN net and commercial IP network realized for 8 metropolitan full connections, thereby high-rise full connection is not unique requirement of hierarchical network.In hierarchical network, full connection means the abundantest short circuit channel quantity and only needs fast, simply directly short circuit is communicated by letter.The full connection is not to make cost in order to increase reliability to establish channel merely more, and it has also increased total communication capacity of backbone network, improves communication delay, does not waste circuit.
Similarly, also some short circuit channels can be set on demand between the Da Qu interior nodes territory of following one deck.The short circuit channel quantity has very big influence to the complexity of short circuit relation and the shunting ability of short circuit channel.Increase the quantity of short circuit channel, the shunting ability strengthens naturally; The short circuit channel is many, adopts direct short circuit communication mode as far as possible, and the short circuit relation is simple, and it is also just clear and simple to dispose.The unique restriction that increases the short circuit channel is a cost, but under the environment that current channel cost descends significantly, as long as it is saturated that the traffic occurs, the capacity that increases the quantity of tree channel and short circuit channel or promote them is unique selection, but the short circuit channel is without any technical restriction.
The structure of using in the present embodiment, be in the hierarchical network than Senior Three floor (lower floor in national top layer, the Da Qu floor He Da district), be to meet tree fully, after having added short circuit channel and control corresponding thereof, the characteristic that had both kept tree has had the communication flexibility of any connection network (mesh topology) again.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network is provided with the short circuit channel table, short circuit prefix addresses mapping table and the indirect short circuit node table that carry out the short circuit Control on Communication, and the short circuit communication of packet may further comprise the steps,
1) packet arrives certain nodes domains, and inquiry and coupling short circuit prefix addresses mapping table and short circuit channel table determine whether to carry out indirect or direct short circuit communication; If do not need direct or indirect short circuit communication, then enter step 3); Otherwise, if need indirect short circuit communication, then packet is delivered to the direct short circuit nodes domains of this side, enter step 2 then); If need direct short circuit communication, then directly enter step 2);
2) inquiry and coupling short circuit channel table send to the short circuit channel to the rear flank with packet, enter step 3);
3) utilize the common tree channel of hierarchical switched network to send packet.
2, the short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described short circuit can be any link between the nodes domains of any different levels that are in tree, only occurs up or only occurs descendingly for the path between two nodes domains, does not allow its short circuit.
3, the short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described nodes domains is to comprise the interconnected logical node territory that forms of a plurality of switches.
4, the short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described short circuit channel table is arranged in the direct short circuit nodes domains of short circuit channel one side, each list item comprises that short circuit channel offside participates in connecting in the sign of the short circuit nodes domains of short circuit communication, this side gusset territory port numbers sign of the node identification of short circuit channel, this node, the bandwidth of short circuit channel and the state of short circuit channel, the direct short circuit nodes domains that short circuit channel offside is all and the address prefix of short circuit nodes domains indirectly.
5, the short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, comprise a short circuit prefix addresses mapping table in the described indirect short circuit nodes domains, the list item of this short circuit prefix addresses mapping table comprises the address prefix of the address prefix of all direct and indirect short circuit nodes domains of offside, the corresponding direct short circuit nodes domains of this side and the state of short circuit channel.
6, the short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, comprise an indirect short circuit nodes domains table in the described direct short circuit nodes domains, this indirect short circuit nodes domains table is set up related with the short circuit channel all indirect short circuit nodes domains of this side; Each list item comprises the sign of the address prefix and the short circuit channel of indirect short circuit nodes domains, and wherein the address prefix of a pair of direct short circuit nodes domains of the available short circuit channel of the sign of short circuit channel both sides is represented.
7, the short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described short circuit channel status changes, promptly lost efficacy or recovery, after directly the short circuit nodes domains detects state variation in lower layer protocol, notify all indirect short circuit nodes domains of this side automatically; When match query short circuit prefix addresses mapping table or short circuit channel table, if the state of short circuit channel is in failure state, then can not obtain coupling, packet is sent to the destination along the tree channel.
8, the short circuit communication method of hierarchical switched network as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, when the list item of described packet rs destination address and short circuit prefix addresses mapping table mates, utilize the tunnel that packet is delivered to the direct short circuit nodes domains of this side of short circuit channel, wherein available tunneling technique comprises hop to hop option header, route header and stay of two nights option header technology; Also can realize by the internal control message technology of hierarchical switched network.
As the short circuit communication method of claim 1,2,4,5,6,7 or 8 described hierarchical switched networks, it is characterized in that 9, described short circuit channel is a logic channel, it is made up of many physical channels.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101753633B (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2013-06-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for allocating IPv6 (internet protocol version 6) prefixes |
| CN104378840A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-25 | 苏州市欧博锐自动化科技有限公司 | Method for temporary direct communication between indirect communication nodes |
| CN117422581A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-01-19 | 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所 | Mineral resource safety monitoring and early warning method, system, equipment and medium |
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| JP3833466B2 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2006-10-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Network system and network control method |
| CN100444573C (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2008-12-17 | 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 | Hierarchical exchange network system |
| CN1216472C (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-08-24 | 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心 | Control method for layered switching network node region |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101753633B (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2013-06-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, system and equipment for allocating IPv6 (internet protocol version 6) prefixes |
| CN104378840A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-02-25 | 苏州市欧博锐自动化科技有限公司 | Method for temporary direct communication between indirect communication nodes |
| CN117422581A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-01-19 | 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所 | Mineral resource safety monitoring and early warning method, system, equipment and medium |
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