CN1622235A - Design and manufacturing method for reducing transformer loss and volume - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is transformer design and manufacture method, in which available electromagnetic theory is not adopted, and instead, capacitive voltage backswing point and electronic acceleration are adopted to reduce transformer loss, relatively higher work frequency is adopted to raise the ratio between the output power of transformer and the iron core quality, transformer is program regulated in input power, output power and work state. The present invention may be used in designing DC transformer, AC transformer and frequency-varying AC transformer. The input and the output of transformers may be connected serially to increase output power, high output voltage and lowered voltage. The transformer has no parameter regulated during manufacture and this raises production efficiency and quality.

Description

Reduce the design and production method of transformer loss and volume

Technical field

Electricity

Technical background

The effect of transformer is boosted voltage, reduction voltage, conversion electric current, transformation resistance, the exchange number of phases, electric energy isolation.The theoretical foundation of existing transformer technology is Coulomb's law, the Ampere circuit law of electromagnetic field effect, the law of electromagnetic induction of faraday, the Maxwell equation group of electrostatic interaction, and has formed Theory of Electromagnetic Field by above-mentioned basic theory.Theory of Electromagnetic Field thinks that electricity and magnetic all are true materials, and electric energy and magnetic energy can be changed mutually.In Theory of Electromagnetic Field, introduced various field vectors, as electric field strength, magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux density etc., and carry out the design and the manufacturing of transformer with the parameter of Theory of Electromagnetic Field and various vector fields.Existing transformer is broadly divided into two types: power transformer and electronic transformer.

Existing power transformer is made up of iron core and coil, applies alternating voltage at the primary coil port, at secondary coil port output AC voltage.Theory of Electromagnetic Field is thought: electric energy converts magnetic energy in the iron core to by primary coil, and the magnetic energy in the iron core converts the electric energy of secondary coil again to.There are two problems in the existing power transformer: when (1) designed power transformer according to Theory of Electromagnetic Field, the power of transformer was relevant with the quality of iron core and volume mathematics, was difficult to increase the power of transformer and the ratio of volume.(2) according to Theory of Electromagnetic Field design power transformer, iron core must generate heat.Theory of Electromagnetic Field thinks that the reason of iron core heating is that the magnetic field eddy current causes, and the loss that power transformer must have cooling measure and iron core to cause is inevitable.

Existing electronic transformer is become by primary coil port Shunt Capacitor Unit, and it adopts the LC resonance principle in the electromagnetism.But LC resonance formula is an empirical equation, does not have generality, and the design of electronic transformer is mainly finished by the method for experiment, and the manufacturing of electronic transformer ensures product performance index by the debugging in the manufacture process.The problem that electronic transformer exists: the heating of (1) electronic transformer iron core can not be avoided.(2) design of electronic transformer is finished by experiment.(3) need in the manufacture process product parameters is debugged.

It is considered herein that: Theory of Electromagnetic Field is just explained the heating phenomenon of transformer core, is not proved that transformer core must generate heat; Theory of Electromagnetic Field just quantizes the power of transformer and the quality of transformer core under certain condition, and the correlation between the quality of the power of proof transformer when condition changes and transformer core can not change; Transformer technology is a power interchange technique, and the energy loss and the iron core quality that reduce transformer core are not run counter to this physical philosophy of energy conservation.

Along with the development of electronic computer technology, electronic devices and components technology, Electronic Testing Technology, use multidisciplinary technology, can reduce the loss of transformer core to greatest extent, transformer core is not sensuously being generated heat; Can realize that the size that transformer core with very little quality carries out powerful energy exchange even reach transformer exchange power and the quality of transformer core have nothing to do; Can realize the combination of transformer bay series, parallel, make manufacturing and designing of transformer more economical, more practical, the use of transformer is safer, more reliable, more convenient, more flexible.

Design of transformer method among the present invention is based on the electricity theory, and the capacitance voltage backswing point that produces in the oscillating circuit that utilizes capacitor, coil, iron core to form forward quickens behind capacitance voltage backswing point to reduce the loss of transformer core; It is only relevant with certain condition to utilize capacitor and iron core to carry out the value of energy exchange, and the time by shortening energy exchange is with the raising transformer efficiency; Utilize ripe electronic computer technology, electronic devices and components technology, Electronic Testing Technology to realize low-loss, small size, powerful transformer; Utilize the input port and the output port of transformer can carry out the series, parallel combination under certain technical conditions, the series and parallel combination by transformer realizes the design and the manufacturing of various types of transformers, and realizes not having testing and measuring technology in the manufacture process.

Goal of the invention

The objective of the invention is: (1) reduces the loss of transformer core, reaches the purpose that reduces transformer loss.(2) reduce the iron core quality of transformer and the ratio of power output, reach the purpose that reduces volume of transformer.(3) adjust the input power of transformer automatically according to transformer load, realize the bearing power and the automatic servo-actuated of input power of transformer.(4) realization capacitance voltage backswing transformer can be exported with direct current, can export with frequency-changing AC to exchange output.(5) realize the parallel connection of transformer output port voltage, by the parallel connection of transformer output port, the power output of transformer group can endlessly be increased, and computer or single-chip microcomputer management shunt transformer group are arranged, open or close the operating state of transformer according to load power automatically.(6) realize the series connection of transformer or transformer group output,, make the output voltage after transformer or transformer group are connected to reach high degree arbitrarily by the series connection of transformer or transformer group output port.(7) realize the series connection of transformer or transformer group input port,, can make high voltage arbitrarily be reduced to the design voltage that transformer or transformer group can be born by the series connection of transformer or transformer group input port.

Technical scheme

The present invention no longer adopts Theory of Electromagnetic Field design transformer, does not relate to the design parameter of existing transformers such as magnetic permeability, iron loss among the present invention.The present invention is based on the electricity theory, and relates to a plurality of subjects.

Design considerations of the present invention is: when capacitor and parallel connection of primary windings, apply back-lash voltage at the port of primary coil and can form capacitance voltage backswing point, in capacitance voltage backswing point back and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point and apply the loss that back-lash voltage can reduce transformer core; The operating frequency that increases oscillating circuit in the transformer can increase the ratio of the power output and the quality of transformer; Under certain conditions, the size of primary coil oscillating voltage peak value is decided by the size by primary current, the exchange power that the electric current of control by primary coil can control transformer.Above-mentioned characteristic is the result who comes out through experimental summary, and its experiment has reproducibility.

One utilizes capacitance voltage backswing point to reduce the method for transformer loss

(1), the contrast experiment of transformer fe core loss

Experiment 1: the core loss test of alternating voltage transformer

The alternating voltage transformer is made up of iron core and coil, when the port at primary coil applies the continuous alternating voltage of sine wave or other waveforms, test 1 result: no matter how many operating frequencies of transformer is, the heating that is bound to of the iron core of transformer, thereby the core loss of transformer is inevitable.

The experiment of experiment 2:LC resonance electronic transformer core loss

Input port shunt capacitor in AC transformer, formed LC resonance electronic transformer, when the port at primary coil applies back-lash voltage U0 and forms oscillating voltage, oscillating voltage appears in the port of primary coil and secondary coil simultaneously, the oscillating voltage waveform of two coil appearance is identical, and the voltage peak of two coils is directly proportional with the number of turn of two coils.If: the oscillating voltage of primary coil is U1, and the oscillating voltage of secondary coil port is U2.Fig. 1 is the phase diagram of U0, U1, U2.Test 2 results: when experiment 2 is identical with experiment 1 input power, experiment 2 core loss less than the core loss of testing in 1, but the core loss of testing in 2 is still inevitable.

Experiment 3: capacitance voltage backswing point transformer core loss test

The oscillating circuit structure of capacitance voltage backswing transformer is identical with the structure of LC resonance electronic transformer, when elementary coil port applies the back-lash voltage of U0, change the frequency f of U1 by technological means, necessarily can find a Frequency point f0, when f=f0, the phase diagram of the oscillating voltage U2 of back-lash voltage U1 and transformer as shown in Figure 2.Test 3 results: during f=f0, transformer core does not generate heat, and can think that the loss of transformer core is approximately zero.

In Fig. 2, the starting point of voltage U 0 and the loss-free phenomenon of transformer core occurs always after the backswing point of oscillating voltage U1.For being different from the LC phenomenon, claim the phenomenon of Fig. 2 to be capacitance voltage backswing point phenomenon, be capacitance voltage backswing transformer with the transformer of this phenomenon work.

(2) transformer core contrast experiment's analysis

Physics has proved that electricity and electric charge are true materials, and electric current is the motion or the electronic motion of electric charge.Physics does not prove that magnetic and magnetic field are true materials, and the basis of electromagnetic theory is hypothesis and thinks that magnetic and magnetic field are true materials, and electric energy and magnetic energy can be changed mutually.

Equally, the inventor supposes that magnetic and magnetic field are virtual substances, has only electric charge and charged particle to be only true material.Putting before this, suppose once more: when the port at primary coil applies voltage, electronics moves to the positive level of voltage source from the negative pole of voltage source, when moving electron passes through coil, under the effect of charge force, produced free electron in the iron core, free electron is subjected to interior the acting on of moving electron of coil to do accelerated motion in the iron core, and the moving electron that is accelerated in moving electron in the coil and the iron core has exchanged energy.Because the movement velocity of moving electron has limiting value in the iron core, the moving electron total amount that the iron core of certain mass produces under the certain voltage effect has limiting value, therefore, when the voltage of the quality of iron core and coil port was definite value, the gross energy of moving electron and the limiting value of aggregated momentum were definite value in the iron core.

Can explain the operation principle of transformer with above-mentioned hypothesis.With above-mentioned hypothesis can to test 1, experiment 2, experiment 3 analyze.

Analyze experiment 1: when the port at primary coil applied positive half cycle voltage, the direction of motion of moving electron was A in the iron core; When positive half cycle voltage during to the negative half period voltage transitions, voltage equals 0, and the direction of motion of moving electron still is A in the iron core; When the port voltage of elementary coil was transformed into negative half period, the moving electron in the coil was B to the acceleration direction of moving electron in the iron core, and the B direction is opposite with the A direction; Therefore, when in the iron core when A direction ELECTRON OF MOTION is subjected to acceleration on the B direction, ELECTRON OF MOTION can the elasticity break-in on the A direction, but, moving electron in the iron core is moved in the break-in process of B direction motion by the A direction, a part of A direction ELECTRON OF MOTION must take place and B direction ELECTRON OF MOTION collides, electron collision produces heat, forms the transformer fe core loss.

Analyze experiment 2: when back-lash voltage was applied to the port of primary coil, the moving electron in the coil quickened the electronics in the iron core, and acceleration direction is A; When the port voltage of elementary coil was 0, to the electric capacity charging of coil port, the direction of capacitance voltage was opposite with the direction of back-lash voltage on the A direction for the moving electron in the iron core; The aggregated momentum or the gross energy of moving electron reduces along with the increase of capacitance voltage in the iron core, when the aggregated momentum of moving electron in the iron core or gross energy near 0 the time, capacitance voltage reaches maximum and forms a backswing point; Backswing point back capacitance voltage quickens the electronics in the iron core, and acceleration direction is B, because the direction of capacitance voltage is opposite with the direction of back-lash voltage, so the electron motion direction B that capacitance voltage quickens is opposite with the electron motion A direction that back-lash voltage quickens; When capacitance voltage is 0, the direction of electron motion still is B in the iron core, LC resonance applied back-lash voltage in the capacitance voltage backswing just by 0 o'clock, the acceleration direction of back-lash voltage is opposite with the direction of motion of original moving electron in the iron core, analysis by experiment 1 is known, collision having taken place and produced heat owing to moving electron in the iron core, and then has formed transformer loss.

Analyze experiment 3: the analysis by experiment 1, experiment 2 is known, backswing point at capacitance voltage, the aggregated momentum or the gross energy of moving electron are approximately equal to 0 in the iron core, therefore, when being applied to the port of primary coil after and the backswing point identical at capacitance voltage when the direction of back-lash voltage and capacitance voltage, back-lash voltage is identical to the moving electron acceleration direction in the iron core with capacitance voltage, and the moving electron that is accelerated in the iron core can not bump, thereby the loss of transformer is approximately equal to 0.Comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 2 be as can be known: the positive half cycle of lc circuit waveform and negative half period can be symmetrical, and the positive half cycle of waveform and the negative half period of testing in 3 are asymmetric.

In the experiment 3, when back-lash voltage is applied to the port of primary coil and produces oscillating voltage, two capacitance voltage backswing points are arranged in the one-period of back-lash voltage, promptly positive capacitance voltage backswing point and negative capacitance voltage backswing point.Experiment 3 is unidirectional speed-up capacitor voltage backswing transformers.Capacitance voltage backswing transformer can two-wayly quicken, and in two-way speed-up capacitor voltage backswing transformer, the mutual relation of electric voltage of back-lash voltage U1 and oscillating voltage U2 as shown in Figure 3.

Iron core in the experiment 3 is iron core-closed.For non-iron core-closed, the principle of voltage backswing point is identical with iron core-closed principle.When the back-lash voltage of elementary coil port quickens the moving electron in the iron core, because electronics can not be made closing motion in iron core, just formed the port that positive charge and negative electrical charge respectively account for iron core, formed a capacitive field in the iron core.When the oscillating voltage of elementary coil port is 0, the electric field strength maximum of capacitive field in the iron core, capacitive field is to the capacitor charging of primary coil port in the iron core; When the electric field strength of capacitive field in the iron core descended, the voltage of capacitor raise, and when the electric field strength of capacitive field in the iron core was 0, the voltage of capacitor maximum also formed capacitance voltage backswing point.

(3) in the method for capacitance voltage backswing point post acceleration

When iron core, primary coil, oscillating circuit of capacitor formation, all there are two capacitance voltage backswing points in each waveform, when the back-lash voltage that is applied to the primary coil port occurred in after the capacitance voltage backswing point and is close to capacitance voltage backswing point, the waveform of oscillating circuit generation or not loss in iron core.Acceleration behind capacitance voltage backswing point is divided into unidirectional acceleration and two-way acceleration, unidirectional acceleration refer to all voltage oscillations in the cycle only in the capacitance voltage backswing point post acceleration of positive half cycle or only in the capacitance voltage backswing point post acceleration of negative half period; Two-way acceleration refers to all quicken behind the capacitance voltage backswing points all in all cycles of oscillation, and positive half cycle is opposite with the direction of back-lash voltage after negative half period is applied to capacitance voltage backswing point.

Two reduce the method for designing of volume of transformer

Reduce volume that volume of transformer refers to transformer and reduce the back power output and do not change, or the power output of transformer is when increasing and volume does not change.

To test 3 is example, if: in the experiment 3, parallel connection of primary windings capacitor volume value is C, port at primary coil applies the back-lash voltage that frequency is f, the capacitance voltage peak value that oscillating voltage forms is U1, and the electric current that iron core and primary coil carry out energy exchange is I1, and the power that primary coil and iron core carry out energy exchange is P1, the time of one-period is t0, has:

f＝1÷t0

C＝Q÷U1

C×U1＝Q

C×U1÷(1÷4×t0)＝Q÷(1÷4×t0)

4×C×U1×f＝I1

P1＝4×C×U1 ²×f

.........................(1)

In the following formula, P1 is the exchange power of primary coil and iron core, establishes: the power output of secondary coil is P2, has: the maximum of P2 is P1; 1/6 of the desirable P1 of rated value of P2

The maximum of P2:

P2＝4×C×U1 ²×f

.........................(2)

The rated value of P2:

P2＝0.667×C×U1 ²×f

.........................(3)

Known by the above-mentioned derivation of equation: when the oscillating voltage of capacitance voltage backswing transformer and capacitance were definite value, frequency high power more was big more, and frequency low-power more is more little.In like manner, when oscillating voltage and frequency were definite value, capacitance was high-power more big more, and capacitance small-power more is more little.

If: the impedance of primary coil and iron core energy exchange is R, has:

P1＝U1 ²÷R

Because P1=4 * C * U1 ²* f has:

1/R＝4×C×f

R＝0.25÷(C×f)

.........................(4)

Obviously, the operating frequency that improves transformer equals to reduce the energy exchange impedance R of transformer and iron core, and the spacing of quantity, coil and the iron core of the number of turn of the line of the quality of the geometry of R and iron core, iron core, coil footpath, coil, coil, be applied to coil port voltage mathematics relevant, it is difficult to set up relevant mathematical relationship, also can be not high even if set up the mathematical relationship precision.But method by experiment can reduce the R value easily.

Reduce the experimental technique of R value

Method 1: reduce number of primary turns.Although R value and coil turn nonlinear correlation,, just can reduce the R value as long as reduce the number of turn of primary coil.Because the primary coil and the secondary coil of transformer have certain turn ratio according to instructions for use, certain scope is arranged so reduce the R value by the minimizing coil turn.

Method 2: the quantity that increases primary coil

In the spacing of quantity, coil and the iron core of the number of turn of the line footpath of the quality of the geometry of iron core, iron core, coil, coil, coil, be applied under the prerequisite that the voltage of coil port do not change, the quantity that increases primary coil has equaled to increase the quantity of accelerating field, also just equals R relation in parallel has taken place.If: the quantity of primary coil is that impedance in 1 o'clock is R, and impedance was Rn when the quantity of primary coil was n, had:

Rn＝R÷n

.........................(5)

In like manner, establish: the quantity of primary coil is that the operating frequency of 1 o'clock capacitance voltage backswing transformer is f, and the operating frequency of capacitance voltage backswing transformer was fn when the quantity of primary coil was n, had:

fn＝n×f

.........................(6)

According to the relation of fn=n * f, can improve the operating frequency of transformer.

The meaning that improves the transformer rated output power is: when the quality of transformer core improves the rated output power of transformer during for definite value, reduced the quality of transformer core during for definite value with regard to the rated output power that is equivalent to transformer.

The method for designing of three capacitance voltage backswing transformers

The technical characterstic and the design feature of capacitance voltage backswing transformer: form oscillating circuit at primary coil port shunt capacitor, after-applied back-lash voltage is put in capacitance voltage backswing in the oscillating voltage waveform, and the forward acceleration by back-lash voltage reduces the transformer fe core loss; The relation of utilizing the operating frequency of oscillating voltage to be directly proportional with the transformer power output increases the ratio of transformer power output and iron core quality by the operating frequency that improves transformer, and then reduces volume of transformer.Apply back-lash voltage to the primary coil port after capacitance voltage backswing point, just need know the position of capacitance voltage backswing point, this just needs observation circuit and monitors capacitance voltage backswing point in real time; Apply back-lash voltage, just need switching circuit, be implemented in the primary coil port by switching circuit and apply back-lash voltage; Want operating frequency, the back-lash voltage waveform of control switch circuit, the peak value of back-lash voltage, just needing data handles and control circuit (hereinafter to be referred as digital-control circuit), the monitor signal that digital-control circuit provides according to observation circuit, send control signal to switching circuit, the control switch circuit working; The operational environment of observation circuit and digital-control circuit is a low voltage and direct current, will have a DC circuit that direct current is provided in the transformer; From transformer secondary output coil output be the oscillating voltage waveform, need a rectification circuit, by rectification circuit, the output voltage that makes transformer is direct voltage or alternating voltage or AC frequency conversion voltage.

Because the operating voltage and the operating frequency of capacitor volume, electronic devices and components all have certain scope of application, therefore, the power output of independent capacitance voltage backswing transformer and output (input) voltage are difficult to satisfy the different application requirement on the engineering, carry out parallel connection, tandem compound by a plurality of transformers, can satisfy the different application requirement on the engineering.The characteristics of transformer series and parallel are: the parallel connection of transformer output port can be formed transformer group, and transformer group can improve power output; The output port of transformer or transformer group can be connected, and can improve output voltage by the output port series connection; The input port of transformer or transformer group can be connected, and can reduce the input voltage of transformer or transformer group by the series connection of input port.

Feature of the present invention is: form oscillating circuit at primary coil port shunt capacitor, after-applied back-lash voltage is put in the capacitance voltage backswing in the oscillating voltage waveform, by the loss of forward quickening to reduce transformer core of back-lash voltage; The relation of utilizing the operating frequency of oscillating voltage to be directly proportional with the transformer power output, the operating frequency by improving transformer is with the volume that reduces transformer under the constant power; Transformer among the present invention is made up of oscillating circuit, observation circuit, digital-control circuit, switching circuit, DC power-supply circuit, output port rectification circuit; In the course of work of transformer, DC circuit provides operating voltage to observation circuit and digital-control circuit, observation circuit provides monitor signal to digital-control circuit, digital-control circuit sends voltage signal to switching circuit, voltage signal control switch circuit, the work of switching circuit control oscillation circuit, the high frequency voltage waveform of transformer secondary output coil output is exported behind rectification circuit; Adopt different output rectification circuits, can realize direct voltage output, can realize alternating voltage output or the output of frequency-changing AC voltage; Capacitance voltage backswing transformer can and be unified into transformer group by output port, and the output port of transformer or transformer group can be connected, and the input port of transformer or transformer group can be connected; The design parameter of transformer will method by experiment determine, determines the parameter area of components and parts according to experimental technique, and transformer no longer carries out parameter testing in manufacture process.

(1) schematic circuit of capacitance voltage backswing transformer and the course of work

The schematic circuit of 1 unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer

Fig. 4 is the basic circuit diagram of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer.

The course of work of transformer shown in Figure 4: connect the DC circuit of powering to observation circuit, digital-control circuit in the transformer; Enabling signal observation circuit, digital-control circuit work; Digital-control circuit sends first back-lash voltage control signal to switching circuit, the parameter of this voltage signal is voltage waveform, voltage peak, voltage waveform width, and voltage signal control switch circuit is applied to voltage waveform, the electric current of primary coil port, the width of voltage waveform; When the oscillating voltage waveform appears in elementary coil (or secondary coil) port, the frequency of monitoring circuit monitors primary coil (or secondary coil) port flap voltage waveform, peak value, with back-lash voltage capacitance voltage backswing point in the same way; Calculate frequency, the voltage peak of second voltage signal according to Monitoring Data; After capacitance voltage backswing point and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit sends second voltage signal to switching circuit, voltage signal control switch circuit, switching circuit control are applied to waveform, the electric current of second back-lash voltage of primary coil port, the width of voltage waveform; The method that applies the 3rd back-lash voltage to the primary coil port is identical with the method that applies second back-lash voltage, the course of work afterwards and the like.After closing digital-control circuit, transformer quits work.

The voltage of transformer input port shown in Figure 4 is direct voltage.When the voltage of transformer input port was alternating voltage, alternating voltage will pass through rectification circuit, and alternating voltage is converted to unidirectional voltage after the halfwave rectifier or the unidirectional voltage after the full-wave rectification.

The schematic circuit of 2 reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformers

Fig. 5 .1, Fig. 5 .2 are the basic circuit diagram of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer.

(1) course of work of the transformer shown in Fig. 5 .1: connect the DC circuit of powering to observation circuit, digital-control circuit in the transformer; Enabling signal monitoring, digital-control circuit work; Digital-control circuit by voltage signal control diode J2 close, diode J1 is open-minded; Digital-control circuit sends first back-lash voltage signal to switching circuit K1, the parameter of this voltage signal is voltage waveform, voltage peak, voltage waveform width, by voltage signal, the control switch circuit is applied to voltage waveform, voltage waveform width and the electric current of primary coil port; When elementary coil (or secondary coil) when waveform appears in port, the frequency of monitoring circuit monitors oscillating voltage waveform, peak value, first capacitance voltage backswing point, calculate frequency, the voltage peak of second control signal according to Monitoring Data, after capacitance voltage backswing point and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit by voltage signal control diode J1 close, diode J2 is open-minded, send the back-lash voltage signal to switching tube K2, voltage signal control is applied to voltage waveform, voltage waveform width and the electric current of primary coil port; When monitoring circuit monitors to the second capacitance voltage backswing point, calculate frequency, the voltage peak of the 3rd control signal according to Monitoring Data, after capacitance voltage backswing point and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit by voltage signal control diode J2 close, diode J1 is open-minded, send the back-lash voltage signal to switching tube K1, voltage signal control switch circuit is applied to voltage waveform, voltage waveform width and the electric current of primary coil port; The method that applies the 4th back-lash voltage to the primary coil port is identical with the method that applies second back-lash voltage; The method that applies the 5th back-lash voltage to the primary coil port is identical with the method that applies the 3rd back-lash voltage; The course of work afterwards and the like.Behind shutdown signal monitoring, digital-control circuit, transformer quits work.

(2) operation principle of the transformer shown in Fig. 5 .2: connect the DC circuit of powering to observation circuit, digital-control circuit in the transformer; Enabling signal monitoring, digital-control circuit work; Digital-control circuit by voltage signal control diode J3, J4 close, diode J1, J2 be open-minded; Digital-control circuit sends first back-lash voltage signal to switching circuit, the parameter of this voltage signal is voltage waveform, voltage peak, voltage waveform width, is applied to voltage waveform, voltage waveform width and the electric current of primary coil port by voltage signal control switch circuit; When waveform appears in elementary coil port, the frequency of monitoring circuit monitors oscillating voltage waveform, peak value, first capacitance voltage backswing point, calculate frequency, the voltage peak of second voltage signal according to Monitoring Data, after capacitance voltage backswing point and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit by voltage signal control diode J1, J2 close, diode J3, J4 be open-minded, send the back-lash voltage signal to switching tube, voltage signal control is applied to back-lash voltage waveform, voltage waveform width and the electric current of primary coil port; When monitoring circuit monitors to the second capacitance voltage backswing point, calculate frequency, the voltage peak of the 3rd voltage signal according to Monitoring Data; After capacitance voltage backswing point and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit by voltage signal control diode J3, J4 close, diode J1, J2 be open-minded, send the back-lash voltage signal to switching tube, voltage signal control is applied to back-lash voltage waveform, voltage waveform width and the electric current of primary coil port; The method that applies the 4th back-lash voltage to the primary coil port is identical with the method that applies second back-lash voltage; The method that applies the 5th back-lash voltage to the primary coil port is identical with the method that applies the 3rd back-lash voltage; The course of work afterwards and the like.Behind shutdown signal monitoring, digital-control circuit, transformer quits work.

(3) voltage of the transformer input port shown in Fig. 5 .1,5.2 is direct voltage.When the voltage of transformer input port was alternating voltage, alternating voltage will pass through rectification circuit, and alternating voltage is converted to unidirectional voltage after the halfwave rectifier or the unidirectional voltage after the full-wave rectification.

(2) design content of capacitance voltage backswing transformer and method for designing

The design content of capacitance voltage transformer comprises: the design of oscillating circuit performance parameter; The design of switching circuit performance parameter; The design of monitoring circuit monitors method; Digital-control circuit computational methods and control method design; DC circuit method of supplying power to design in the transformer; The design of output rectification circuit.

(two. one) the oscillating circuit design

The known conditions of oscillating circuit design is: the voltage type of input port and voltage parameter; The voltage type of output port and voltage parameter; Power output.

The design content of oscillating circuit is: the condenser capacity value of oscillating circuit and operating frequency design; The design of capacitor pin sectional area; The primary coil parameter designing; The secondary coil parameter designing; Transformer core kind and specifications design.

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, the input power of transformer equates with power output, and carries out input power and the power output of the power of energy exchange greater than transformer by primary coil in the transformer oscillating circuit.

The transformer rated output power is P2, and primary coil energy exchange power is P1, get P1 and be P2 6 times, is known by (1) formula, (3) formula:

P1＝4×C×U1 ²×f

P2＝0.667×C×U1 ²×f

The condenser capacity value of 1 oscillating circuit and the design of operating frequency

In oscillating circuit, when the peak value of the rated output power of transformer and oscillating voltage was definite value, the product of condenser capacity value C and operating frequency f was a definite value, when having determined the capacitor volume value, can determine the operating frequency of oscillating circuit; Otherwise, when having determined the operating frequency of transformer, can determine capacitor volume value C; Mathematical relationship is:

C＝0.25×P1÷(U1 ²×f)

f＝0.25×P1÷(C×U1 ²)

Or: C=1.5 * P2 ÷ (U1 ²* f)

f＝1.5×P2÷(C×U1 ²)

The design of 2 capacitor pin sectional areas

Capacitor pin sectional area is determined by the electric current I c by capacitor pin lead-in wire, is known with reference to (1) formula:

Ic＝4×C×U1×f

If: the electric current of capacitor pin lead-in wire unit cross-sectional area is Im, and the sectional area of capacitor pin lead-in wire is S, has:

S＝Ic/Im

＝4÷Im×C×U1×f

3 primary coils and secondary coil parameter designing

The parameter of primary coil and secondary coil comprises: the line footpath of the quantity of the number of turn of primary coil and secondary coil, primary coil and secondary coil, the line of primary coil footpath, secondary coil.

(1) number of turn of primary coil and secondary coil design

The number of turn of primary coil is by the number of turn decision of the oscillating voltage peak value and the secondary coil of secondary coil.If: the peak value of secondary coil oscillating voltage is U2, and the number of turn of secondary coil is N2, and the number of turn of primary coil is N1; Wherein, U1, U2, N2 are given value.Have:

U1÷U2＝N1÷N2

N1＝U1÷U2×N2

(2) quantity of primary coil and secondary coil design

When the number of turn of elementary coil is that definite value, condenser capacity are that definite value and the back-lash voltage amplitude that is applied to the primary coil port are when being definite value, the impedance that primary coil carries out energy exchange is a definite value, the power that carries out energy exchange has also just become definite value, if: the actual capacitance capability value of oscillating circuit is C, when the number of turn of primary coil is definite value, the actual power that primary coil carries out energy exchange is Px, and actual operating frequency is fx.To carry out the design power of energy exchange be P1 to oscillating circuit in transformer, when the design work frequency of oscillating circuit is f, has:

P1＝4×C×U1 ²×f

Px＝4×C×U1 ²×fx

The ratio of P1, Px is:

P1÷Px＝f÷fx

Because primary coil carries out the power of energy exchange and the impedance of primary coil is inversely proportional to, therefore, one group of primary coil of every increase, just equaling Px has increased by one times.When the quantity of elementary coil equaled P1/Px, the actual power that oscillating circuit carries out energy exchange equated with design power.

If: the quantity of primary coil and secondary coil is n, has:

n＝P1÷Px

Determine the method for n value: get one group of coil and experimentize, measure the actual value of fx, have:

n＝f÷fx

(3) line of primary coil directly designs

If: the rated current of primary coil unit cross-sectional area is Im, and the sectional area of primary coil is S1, has:

S1＝4÷Im×C×U1×f

When the quantity of elementary coil is n, S1 be n primary coil sectional area and.

(4) line of secondary coil directly designs

The output-current rating of secondary coil is by the rated output power decision of transformer, and establish: the rated current of secondary coil is I2, has:

P2＝0.707×U2×I2

I2＝1.414×P2÷U2

If: the rated current of secondary coil unit are is Im, and the sectional area of secondary coil is S2, has:

S2＝I2÷Im

＝1.414÷Im×P2÷U2

When the quantity of secondary coil is n, S2 be n secondary coil sectional area and.

4 transformer core kind and specifications design: if the rated power of transformer is smaller, should pay the utmost attention to the employing ferrite iron core, ferrite iron core has price advantage; If the rated output power of transformer is bigger, should pay the utmost attention to amorphous iron core or ultracrystallite iron core, amorphous iron core or ultracrystallite iron core have volume little and coil and the high-power advantage of iron core energy exchange.The specifications design of iron core should be paid the utmost attention to the reasonable laying of coil, and the primary coil coiling is best to have only 1 layer line circle in principle, and total number of plies should not surpass 3 layers, under the prerequisite that coil can rationally be laid, reduces the volume and the quality of transformer core as far as possible.Do not need to consider that the iron core quality is to the restriction of power, because iron core and capacitor carry out the power of energy exchange by C * f * U by primary coil in the electromagnetism ²Decision, the power output of transformer and iron core mass ratio are 1 watt/gram when suppose f=50k, so during f=500k the power output of transformer and iron core mass ratio be exactly 10 watts/restrain, during f=5M the power output of transformer and iron core mass ratio be exactly 100 watts/restrain.

(two. two) method for designing and the design content of switching circuit

Method for designing: switching circuit divides unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer switch circuit and reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer switch circuit.The switching circuit of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer is formed by being connected on the switching tube that oscillating circuit inputs or outputs on the port, switching time by the control switch pipe and switching tube allow the electric current that passes through, realize by the operating frequency of the waveform width of switch controlled back-lash voltage, back-lash voltage, the back-lash voltage electric current by primary coil.The switching circuit of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer is made up of switching tube and may command diode, switching tube is connected on the input port or the output port of oscillating circuit, the closure of oscillating circuit input port or output port can be changed by the may command diode in the switching circuit, the voltage direction of operating frequency, back-lash voltage of waveform width, the back-lash voltage of back-lash voltage and back-lash voltage electric current can be controlled by the switching tube in the switching circuit by primary coil.

Switching tube in the switching circuit can adopt Current Control, also can adopt voltage control, is applicable to more that with voltage-controlled switching tube digital-control circuit directly controls, so the switching tube in the switching circuit adopts voltage-controlled switching tube as far as possible, as field effect transistor.

Design content comprises switching time, operating frequency, the rated operational current of switching tube.

In the design of switching circuit, the magnitude of voltage of the rated output power of transformer, transformer input port, the operating frequency of back-lash voltage are known parameters.If: the time of a work period of oscillating circuit is t0, and the time width of a back-lash voltage is t, and the rated current of switching tube is Ik, kt=t/t0

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, kt is a determined value, and kt can be selected when design, also can select in experimentation.

1, the design content of switching circuit in the unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer

Switching tube is applied to the time width of the back-lash voltage of primary coil port can be less than 0.5 * t0 and greater than 0.25 * t0, and the power output of transformer in one-period equates have with the power that switching tube is applied to the primary coil port:

(1) the time width scope of back-lash voltage in one-period

t0＝1÷f

0.25×t0≤t≤0.5×t0

(2) rated current of switching tube

Ik×U×t＝P2×t0

Ik＝t0÷t×P2÷U

＝P2÷(kt×U)

The design content of switching circuit in the 2 reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformers

(1) closure of switching circuit and oscillating circuit design.In reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer, oscillating circuit has two capacitance voltage backswing points in one-period, the direction of two back-lash voltages that is applied to the oscillating circuit port is opposite, and therefore, the closure of switching circuit and oscillating circuit will take place once to change in one-period.The variation of closure is divided into the dual switch direction and changes and single switching tube direction variation.

The method for designing that the dual switch direction changes: the positive pole of applied voltage connects two ports of oscillating circuit respectively by two may command diodes, two ports that connect oscillating circuit with two switching tubes respectively, when a diode in two may command diodes is opened another diode and is closed, the diode of opening can form series relationship with oscillating circuit with one of them switching tube, by the conversion that two may command diodes are opened, closed, realize the variation of switching circuit and oscillating circuit closure.Shown in Fig. 5 .1, when may command diode J2 closes, when J1 opens, switching tube K1 and oscillating circuit formation series relationship; When may command diode J1 closes, when J2 opens, switching tube K2 and oscillating circuit formation series relationship.

The method for designing that single switching tube direction changes: the positive pole of applied voltage connects two ports of oscillating circuit respectively by two may command diodes, two ports at oscillating circuit are connected on the switching tube with two may command diodes respectively again, by opening two diodes simultaneously and closing two diodes simultaneously, can realize the variation of switching tube and oscillating circuit closure.Shown in Fig. 5 .2, when may command diode J1, J2 open and J3, J4 when closing simultaneously simultaneously, the annexation of switching tube and a direction of oscillating circuit formation; When may command diode J3, J4 open and J1, J2 when closing simultaneously simultaneously, switching tube and oscillating circuit form the annexation of another direction.

(2) the time width scope of back-lash voltage in one-period

0.25×t0≤t≤0.5×t0

(2) rated current of switching tube

2×Ik×U×t＝P2×t0

Ik＝0.5×t0÷t×P2÷U

＝0.5×P2÷(kt×U)

(two. three) the observation circuit design

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, observation circuit provides real-time Monitoring Data to digital-control circuit, and digital-control circuit is according to Monitoring Data control switch circuit working, and therefore, observation circuit designs according to the requirement of digital-control circuit.

Digital-control circuit has three kinds of functions: (1) control is applied to the operating frequency and the back-lash voltage width of the back-lash voltage of oscillating circuit port.(2) control is by the operating current of switching circuit.(3) output waveform of control AC transformer.

According to three kinds of functions of digital-control circuit, observation circuit has three types.

The 1 monitoring operating frequency of oscillating circuit and the width of back-lash voltage: the Monitoring Data of this observation circuit is the time of origin of capacitance voltage backswing point, and the design attitude of observation circuit can be at the port of primary coil, also can be at the port of secondary coil.

The operating state of 2 monitoring switching circuits: the Monitoring Data of this observation circuit is the peak value of oscillating voltage in the peak value of oscillating voltage in the oscillating circuit or the secondary coil or the magnitude of voltage after the output rectification, the design attitude of this observation circuit can be at the port of primary coil, also can be at the port of secondary coil, can also be at the output port behind the transformer secondary output coil rectification circuit.

3 monitoring industrial frequency AC outputs or frequency-changing AC output: the design attitude of the observation circuit of monitoring industrial frequency AC output is at the input port of AC transformer; The position of the observation circuit of monitoring frequency-changing AC output is at the output port of transformer.

The feature of observation circuit is; All capacitance voltage backswing transformers all need to monitor the capacitance voltage backswing point time of origin of primary coil port or secondary coil port, monitoring primary coil port or the oscillating voltage peak value of secondary coil port or the magnitude of voltage of transformer output port; Power frequency output AC transformer also needs the a-c cycle of monitor input terminal mouth; The frequency-changing AC output transformer need be monitored the frequency of transformer output port.

(two. four) the digital-control circuit design

Digital-control circuit can be a computer, also can be a single-chip microcomputer, its switching tube and may command diode difference output voltage signal in switching circuit; The switching time of the time width control switch pipe of the voltage signal that sends to switching tube; The voltage magnitude control switch pipe of the voltage signal that sends to switching tube allows the electric current that passes through; The voltage signal control oscillation circuit of sending to the may command diode and the conversion that is connected of switching circuit.

The feature of digital-control circuit is: in capacitance voltage backswing transformer, preset start-up parameter, send the starting resistor signal by digital-control circuit to switching circuit, start oscillating circuit work; In the course of work of oscillating circuit, digital-control circuit is in capacitance voltage backswing point back and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point and send voltage signal to switching circuit, and voltage signal control switch pipe applies back-lash voltage to oscillating circuit; The time width of the voltage signal that digital-control circuit sends to switching circuit and the operating frequency of FREQUENCY CONTROL oscillating circuit; The energy exchange power of the amplitude control oscillation circuit of the voltage signal that digital-control circuit sends to switching circuit and the amplitude of oscillating voltage; The energy exchange power of control oscillation circuit and the method for oscillating voltage amplitude can adopt constant voltage output control, can adopt curve voltage output control, can adopt upper voltage limit output control, can adopt Upper Bound Power output control; When oscillating circuit adopted two-way acceleration, digital-control circuit will be controlled opening and shutting off of may command diode, realized the in good time conversion of oscillating circuit and switching circuit closure.

The start-up parameter of 1 capacitance voltage backswing transformer

Start-up parameter is first voltage signal parameter that digital-control circuit sends to switching circuit, and voltage signal control switch circuit applies first back-lash voltage to primary coil, and back-lash voltage forms waveform in oscillating circuit.Start-up parameter comprises the width of voltage signal, the waveform and the voltage magnitude of voltage signal.

The width of voltage signal: establish: the time width of first voltage signal is t1, and the design frequency of oscillation of oscillating circuit is f, has:

2×t1＝1÷f

The waveform of voltage signal: the waveform of voltage signal can be waveforms such as square wave, trapezoidal wave, sine wave, triangular wave, sawtooth waveforms.In oscillating circuit, the electric current that allows to pass through with switching circuit is a constant, when the waveform of back-lash voltage becomes trapezoidal wave by square wave or has trapezoidal wave to become sine wave or when having sine wave to become triangular wave, the peak value of transformer oscillating voltage reduces; When the waveform of back-lash voltage becomes sine wave by triangular wave or has sine wave to become trapezoidal wave or when having trapezoidal wave to become square wave, the peak value of transformer oscillating voltage increases.Obviously, the waveform voltage signal of start-up parameter will determine with experimental technique, but do not adopt square wave in principle, because when the amplitude of back-lash voltage greatly the time, the square wave back-lash voltage quickens to be easy to generate spike.The wave mode of voltage signal generally should adopt trapezoidal wave or sine wave, and the gradient of trapezoidal wave also will be determined with the method for experiment.

The voltage signal amplitude of start-up parameter will be determined with the method for experiment.

The control method of oscillating circuit voltage waveform in the 2 unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformers

When the voltage of transformer input port was direct voltage, digital-control circuit limit was sent first voltage signal and the control switch circuit applies first back-lash voltage to the primary coil port according to start-up parameter to switching circuit; When monitoring with in the same way capacitance voltage backswing point of back-lash voltage, the operating frequency that waveform takes place according to monitoring, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit sends second voltage signal and the control switch circuit applies second back-lash voltage to the primary coil port to switching circuit; In like manner, all are applied to the back-lash voltage of primary coil port, that all will provide and operating frequency back-lash voltage capacitance voltage backswing point in the same way and the last waveform that taken place according to observation circuit, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point sends voltage signal and the control switch circuit applies back-lash voltage to the primary coil port by digital-control circuit to switching circuit.

When the voltage of transformer input port is alternating voltage, at first to convert alternating voltage to half-wave voltage in the same way with the method for full-wave rectification or halfwave rectifier.In unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer, the capacitance voltage backswing point of voltage-phase after the rectification of monitoring circuit monitors input port and oscillating circuit; When monitoring circuit monitors arrived the starting point of half-wave voltage, according to the start-up parameter that presets, digital-control circuit control switch circuit applied first back-lash voltage to the primary coil port; When capacitance voltage backswing point that monitoring circuit monitors arrives and the voltage after the rectification are equidirectional, the operating frequency that waveform takes place according to monitoring, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit sends second voltage signal and the control switch circuit applies second back-lash voltage to the primary coil port to switching circuit; In like manner, all are applied to the back-lash voltage of primary coil port, all will according to monitoring circuit monitors to rectification after the operating frequency of the equidirectional capacitance voltage backswing point of voltage and the last waveform that taken place, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point sends voltage signal and the control switch circuit applies back-lash voltage to the primary coil port by digital-control circuit to switching circuit; When monitoring circuit monitors when the voltage of input port is 0, digital-control circuit quits work.When observation circuit monitored the starting point of half-wave voltage once more, the course of work of digital-control circuit was identical with the above-mentioned course of work.

The control method of oscillating circuit voltage waveform in the 3 reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformers

When the voltage of transformer input port was direct voltage, according to start-up parameter, digital-control circuit control switch circuit applied first back-lash voltage to the primary coil port; When monitoring reciprocal capacitance voltage backswing point, the operating frequency that waveform takes place according to monitoring, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point, may command diode and the switching tube of digital-control circuit in switching circuit sends voltage signal respectively, closure by may command diode and then adjustment switching tube and oscillating circuit are closed or opened to voltage signal applies reverse back-lash voltage by voltage signal control switch pipe to the primary coil port; When monitoring forward capacitance voltage backswing point, the operating frequency that waveform takes place according to monitoring, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point, may command diode and the switching tube of digital-control circuit in switching circuit sends voltage signal respectively, closure by may command diode and then adjustment switching tube and oscillating circuit are closed or opened to voltage signal applies the forward back-lash voltage by voltage signal control switch pipe to the primary coil port; In like manner, all are applied to the back-lash voltage of primary coil port, all will be according to the operating frequency of a last waveform that has taken place, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point applies back-lash voltage forward or backwards by digital-control circuit control may command diode and switching tube to the primary coil port.

When the voltage of transformer input port is alternating voltage, at first to convert alternating voltage to half-wave voltage in the same way with the method for full-wave rectification or halfwave rectifier.In reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer, the phase place of the voltage of monitoring circuit monitors oscillating circuit and input port voltage, when monitoring circuit monitors arrived the starting point of half-wave voltage, according to start-up parameter, digital-control circuit control switch circuit applied first back-lash voltage to the primary coil port; When monitoring circuit monitors arrives reciprocal capacitance voltage backswing point, according to the operating frequency that waveform takes place of monitoring, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit control switch circuit applies reverse back-lash voltage to the primary coil port; When monitoring forward capacitance voltage backswing point, according to the operating frequency that waveform takes place of monitoring, next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point, digital-control circuit control switch circuit applies the forward back-lash voltage to the primary coil port; In like manner, all are applied to the back-lash voltage of primary coil port, all will be according to the operating frequency of a last waveform that has taken place, and next-door neighbour's capacitance voltage backswing point applies back-lash voltage forward or backwards by digital-control circuit control switch circuit to the primary coil port; When monitoring circuit monitors when the voltage of input port is 0, digital-control circuit quits work.When observation circuit monitored the starting point of half-wave voltage once more, the course of work of digital-control circuit was identical with the above-mentioned course of work.

The method of 4 capacitance voltage backswing transformers control oscillating voltage

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, formed oscillating circuit by capacitor, primary coil, iron core, in oscillating circuit, capacitor and iron core be by the mutual positive energy exchange of primary coil, and oscillating voltage is the product that carries out the impedance of the electric current of energy exchange and energy exchange.If: capacitor and iron core carry out energy exchange, and the impedance of primary coil when carrying out energy exchange is R, and the electric current when carrying out energy exchange is I, and oscillating voltage is U1, has: U1=I * R

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, back-lash voltage or capacitance voltage quicken the electronics in the iron core by primary coil, the electron amount that is accelerated in the iron core is relevant with the volume of the material character of iron core and iron core, after the volume of the material of iron core and iron core is determined, the electron amount that is accelerated in the iron core has a limiting value, when electron amount value of reaching capacity of being accelerated in the iron core, back-lash voltage or capacitance voltage just can't quicken the moving electron in the iron core.When the moving electron in the iron core not during the value of reaching capacity, capacitor and iron core carry out the electric current of energy exchange and switching circuit by primary coil and allow the electric current that passes through relevant, switching circuit allows the electric current that passes through big more, and capacitor and iron core are just big more by the electric current that primary coil carries out energy exchange; Switching circuit allows the electric current that passes through more little, and capacitor and iron core are also just more little by the electric current that primary coil carries out energy exchange.

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, with the moving electron quantity in the iron core not the value of reaching capacity be prerequisite, when switching circuit allowed the electric current that passes through to increase, the electric current that carries out energy exchange increased, the peak value of oscillating voltage will increase; When the electric current that allows to pass through when switching circuit was constant, the electric current that carries out energy exchange was a constant, and the peak value of oscillating voltage is a constant just also; Otherwise when the electric current that allows to pass through when switching circuit reduced, the electric current that carries out energy exchange reduced, and the peak value of oscillating voltage will reduce.

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, with the moving electron quantity in the iron core not the value of reaching capacity be prerequisite, capacitor and iron core are relevant by the power output that primary coil carries out the electric current of energy exchange and transformer, when the electric current that carries out energy exchange when the power output of transformer and capacitor and iron core was constant, the peak value of oscillating voltage was a constant; The electric current that carries out energy exchange when capacitor and iron core does not change and power output when increasing, be used for carrying out the power reduction of energy exchange in the iron core with capacitor, iron core and capacitor reduce by the electric current that primary coil carries out energy exchange, and the peak value of oscillating voltage reduces; The electric current that carries out energy exchange when capacitor and iron core does not change and power output when reducing, be used for carrying out the power increase of energy exchange in the iron core with capacitor, iron core and capacitor increase by the electric current that primary coil carries out energy exchange, and the peak value of oscillating voltage increases.

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, with the moving electron quantity in the iron core not the value of reaching capacity be prerequisite, electric current by the control switch circuit can control transformer the oscillating voltage amplitude, according to the environment for use and the instructions for use of transformer, can adopt the electric current in the different control method control switch circuit.

Method 1: the oscillating voltage control method of constant voltage output transformer

Observation circuit is set in transformer, this observation circuit can be arranged on the primary coil port, can be arranged on the secondary coil port, also can be arranged on the direct current or the ac output end mouth of transformer, and the standard voltage value of monitoring location is set, when observation circuit when digital-control circuit provides the actual voltage value of real-time monitoring, digital-control circuit compares the difference of actual voltage value and standard voltage value, when actual voltage value overgauge magnitude of voltage, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit, when actual voltage value during less than standard voltage value, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit.

The transformer of constant voltage output is applicable to small-power, the demanding electronic instrument of voltage stability, instrument and the electronic equipment that some are special generally speaking, should not be on the general high-power electric appliance and uses constant voltage transformer.Because the present invention is easy to realize the constant voltage output of user transformers, if the output of a large number of users transformer adopting constant voltage, the loading elasticity of electrical network when peak of power consumption is poor; Except that using the user transformers of voltage stabilizing output, a large amount of user transformers should adopt the mode with the step-down of line voltage equal proportion, when peak of power consumption, not damage consumer electronics safety is prerequisite, suitably reduce user's voltage, also just correspondingly reduce network load, strengthened the loading elasticity of electrical network.

(1) method of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage

When the monitoring point of observation circuit is secondary coil, establish: the peak value of secondary coil oscillating voltage is Ua, and the design peak value of secondary coil oscillating voltage is Ub, k=Ua ÷ Ub; When circuit monitoring during with in the same way oscillating voltage peak value Ua value of back-lash voltage, calculates the k value in secondary coil, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

In like manner, when the monitoring point is primary coil, establish: the peak value of primary coil oscillating voltage is Ua, and the design peak value of primary coil oscillating voltage is Ub, k=Ua ÷ Ub; When circuit monitoring monitors in the primary coil with in the same way oscillating voltage peak value Ua value of back-lash voltage, calculate the k value, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

(2) method of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage

Reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer has two capacitance voltage backswing points in one-period, two switching circuits are arranged, the back-lash voltage on direction of each switching circuit control.In one-period, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control negative direction on the positive direction, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control positive direction on the negative direction.Therefore, the method for control oscillating voltage is: monitor the peak value of all capacitance voltage backswing points, by the magnitude of current of the digital-control circuit control next back-lash voltage adjacent with this capacitance voltage backswing point.

Method 2: the method for curve voltage output transformer control oscillating voltage

When requiring the transformer output voltage to change in time, observation circuit is set in transformer, the monitoring location of observation circuit can be the primary coil port, it can be the secondary coil port, it also can be the output port of transformer, and the curvilinear equation that monitoring location is set is U (t), observation circuit provides the actual voltage value of real-time monitoring to digital-control circuit, work as t=ti, the actual voltage value that observation circuit provides to digital-control circuit is Ua (i), and the voltage peak that is resolved by curvilinear equation U (t) is Ub (ti), get k=Ua (ti) ÷ Ub (ti), when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

When the voltage of transformer input port is direct voltage, when the voltage peak of output port was curve, after over commutation, filtering, the output of transformer can be realized alternating voltage output or the output of stepless frequency conversion alternating voltage.

When the transformer input port is an alternating voltage, when output port was peak of curve voltage, through behind the rectification circuit, curve voltage output transformer can realize that equifrequent exchanges output.

(1) method of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage

When the transformer input port is a direct voltage, when the monitoring location of observation circuit is secondary coil, the curvilinear equation that secondary coil oscillating voltage peak value is set is U (t), during t=ti, the secondary coil of monitoring circuit monitors and direct voltage oscillating voltage peak value in the same way is Ua (ti), the voltage peak of the secondary coil that is resolved by curvilinear equation is Ub (ti), k=Ua (ti) ÷ Ub (ti); When k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

In like manner, when the transformer input port is a direct voltage, when the monitoring location of observation circuit is primary coil, the curvilinear equation that primary coil oscillating voltage peak value is set is U (t), during t=ti, the primary coil of monitoring circuit monitors and direct voltage oscillating voltage peak value in the same way is Ua (ti), and the voltage peak that is resolved primary coil by curvilinear equation is Ub (ti), k=Ua (ti) ÷ Ub (ti); When k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

When the input port of transformer and output port are the alternating voltage of same frequency, the alternating voltage of transformer input will become voltage waveform in the same way through rectification circuit, an observation circuit is set behind the rectification circuit of input, at the secondary coil port observation circuit is set, if: the curvilinear equation of secondary coil oscillating voltage peak value is U (t), the phase place and the frequency of voltage waveform are identical behind U (t) and the input rectification circuit, zero-time by the monitoring circuit monitors voltage waveform behind the input rectification circuit, this zero-time is as frequency parameter and the time parameter of curvilinear equation U (t), during t=ti, the oscillating voltage peak value of the monitoring circuit monitors of secondary coil port is Ua (ti), the peak value of the secondary coil oscillating voltage that is resolved by curvilinear equation is Ub (ti), k=Ua (ti) ÷ Ub (ti); When k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

In like manner, when the port of the position of oscillating voltage in the monitoring oscillating circuit at primary coil, if: the curvilinear equation of primary coil oscillating voltage peak value is U (t), the phase place and the frequency of voltage waveform are identical behind U (t) and the input rectification circuit, the zero-time of the monitoring circuit monitors voltage waveform behind the input rectification circuit, this zero-time is as frequency parameter and the time parameter of curvilinear equation U (t), during t=ti, the oscillating voltage peak value of the monitoring circuit monitors of primary coil port is Ua (ti), the peak value of the primary coil oscillating voltage that is resolved by curvilinear equation is Ub (ti), k=Ua (ti) ÷ Ub (ti); When k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

(2) method of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage: reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer has two capacitance voltage backswing points in one-period, two switching circuits are arranged, the back-lash voltage on direction of each switching circuit control.In one-period, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control negative direction on the positive direction, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control positive direction on the negative direction.Therefore, the method for control oscillating voltage is: monitor the peak value of all capacitance voltage backswing points, by the magnitude of current of the digital-control circuit control next back-lash voltage adjacent with this capacitance voltage backswing point.

Method 3: the method for upper voltage limit output transformer control oscillating voltage

When the voltage of transformer input port is direct voltage, at the input port of transformer an observation circuit is set, establish: the dc voltage value of this port is U, the real-time voltage value of monitoring circuit monitors is U0.

When the voltage of transformer input port is alternating voltage, alternating voltage need be transformed into voltage waveform in the same way through rectification circuit, in the rectification circuit rear end of transformer input port an observation circuit is set, if: the alternating voltage peak of this port is U, and the real-time voltage peak value of monitoring circuit monitors is U0.

At primary coil port or secondary coil port an observation circuit is set, the standard value that this port flap voltage peak is set is Ub, and the oscillating voltage peak value of monitoring is Ua in real time; During U 〉=U0, get k=Ua ÷ Ub, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through, when k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through, the output port of transformer is exported by constant voltage; During U＜U0, get k=U0/U * Ua ÷ Ub, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through, when k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through, the transformer output port is exported by equal proportion voltage.

For example: the input of a transformer is 220 volts of alternating voltages, the peak value of alternating voltage is 310 volts, output is 30 volts of direct voltages, 350 volts of the crest voltage upper limits of transformer input port alternating voltage are set, when the alternating voltage peak of input surpassed 350 volts, output was exported by 30 volts direct voltage; When the alternating voltage peak of input is x, x is during less than 350 volts, and output is pressed the direct voltage output of 220 * 30 volts of x ÷.

The transformer that uses on the general electrical equipment or the user side power transformer of electrical network should adopt upper voltage limit output.

(1) method of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage

If: the dc voltage value of transformer input port or alternating voltage peak are U, and it is U0 that the direct voltage of input port or the standard voltage value of alternating voltage peak are set, and the peak value of secondary coil oscillating voltage is Ua, and the design peak value of secondary coil oscillating voltage is Ub

During U 〉=U0, get k=Ua ÷ Ub, when monitoring circuit monitors to the secondary coil port during with the equidirectional oscillating voltage peak value of back-lash voltage Ua, calculating k value, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

During U＜U0, get k=U0 ÷ U * Ua ÷ Ub, when monitoring circuit monitors to the secondary coil port during with the equidirectional oscillating voltage peak value of back-lash voltage Ua, calculating k value, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

In like manner, when the position of oscillating voltage was at the primary coil port in monitoring oscillating circuit, establish: the peak value of primary coil oscillating voltage was Ua, and the design peak value of primary coil oscillating voltage is Ub

During U 〉=U0, get k=Ua ÷ Ub, when monitoring circuit monitors to the primary coil port during with the equidirectional oscillating voltage peak value of back-lash voltage Ua, calculating k value, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

During U＜U0, get k=U0 ÷ U * Ua ÷ Ub, when monitoring circuit monitors during, calculating k value to the voltage U a value of primary coil port, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

(2) method of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage: reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer has two capacitance voltage backswing points in one-period, two switching circuits are arranged, the back-lash voltage on direction of each switching circuit control.In one-period, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control negative direction on the positive direction, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control positive direction on the negative direction.Therefore, the method for control oscillating voltage is: monitor the peak value of all capacitance voltage backswing points, by the magnitude of current of the digital-control circuit control next back-lash voltage adjacent with this capacitance voltage backswing point.

Method 4: the method for Upper Bound Power output transformer control oscillating voltage

The standard voltage value of power output higher limit and output port is set.The magnitude of voltage of monitoring output mouth and current value when power output during less than the higher limit that is provided with, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, and transformer is exported by normal voltage; When power output during greater than the higher limit that is provided with, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, the power output that makes transformer is no longer considered the variation of output voltage this moment less than the higher limit that is provided with.

The power of electrical network high pressure, EHV transformer input all has the upper limit, should adopt Upper Bound Power output.For example: one with the power plant of 500,000 KW power generatings, and when the electrical network transmission of electric energy, its power output upper limit is exactly 500,000 KW by step-up transformer.The effect of Upper Bound Power output transformer: the electric energy the power plant during peak of power consumption transfers out to greatest extent, during low power consumption under the prerequisite that ensures generating equipment safety regulated output voltage.

(1) method of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage

Output port at transformer is provided with observation circuit, the magnitude of voltage of monitoring circuit monitors output port and current value.If: the standard voltage value of transformer output port is U20, and the higher limit of power output is P20, and the real-time voltage value of monitoring circuit monitors output port is U2, and the real-time current value is I2, has: P2=U2 * I2; As P2 during less than P20, according to the method for output port constant voltage control, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, the oscillating voltage that ensures output port is by constant voltage output; As P2 during greater than P20, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, make power output be not more than P20, owing to reduced power output, the oscillating voltage value of output port can descend, and no longer considers the variation of output port oscillating voltage this moment.

In like manner, the port at input circuit is provided with observation circuit, the magnitude of voltage of monitoring circuit monitors input port and current value.If: the upper limit input power of transformer input port is P10, and the standard voltage value of input port is U10, and the real-time voltage value of monitoring circuit monitors input port is U1, and the real-time current value is I1, has: P1=U1 * I1; As P1 during less than P10, according to the method for input port constant voltage control, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, the oscillating voltage that ensures input port is by constant voltage output; As P1 during greater than P10, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, make input power be not more than P10, owing to reduced input power, the oscillating voltage value of input port can descend, and no longer considers the variation of input port oscillating voltage this moment.

(2) method of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer control oscillating voltage: reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer has two capacitance voltage backswing points in one-period, two switching circuits are arranged, the back-lash voltage on direction of each switching circuit control.In one-period, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control negative direction on the positive direction, the capacitance voltage peak value on the back-lash voltage control positive direction on the negative direction.Therefore, the method for control oscillating voltage is: monitor the peak value of all capacitance voltage backswing points, by the magnitude of current of the digital-control circuit control next back-lash voltage adjacent with this capacitance voltage backswing point.

Method 5 capacitance voltage backswing transformers are by the method for back-lash voltage Waveform Control oscillating voltage

The principle of the Waveform Control oscillating voltage by back-lash voltage is identical with principle by the Current Control oscillating voltage.Principle by the Current Control oscillating voltage is: keeping changing the current value of back-lash voltage under the constant prerequisite of back-lash voltage waveform, also just changed the power of primary coil and iron core positive energy exchange, thereby also just changed oscillating voltage.The principle of the Waveform Control oscillating voltage by back-lash voltage is: under the constant prerequisite of holding current, change the waveform of back-lash voltage, also just changed the power of primary coil and iron core positive energy exchange, thereby also just changed oscillating voltage.

The waveform of back-lash voltage can be waveforms such as square wave, trapezoidal wave, sine wave, triangular wave, sawtooth waveforms.The electric current that allows to pass through when switching circuit does not change, and the waveform of back-lash voltage becomes trapezoidal wave by square wave or has trapezoidal wave to become sine wave or when having sine wave to become triangular wave, the peak value of transformer oscillating voltage reduces; The waveform of back-lash voltage becomes sine wave by triangular wave or has sine wave to become trapezoidal wave or when having trapezoidal wave to become square wave, the peak value of transformer oscillating voltage increases.

(two. five) design of the DC power-supply circuit of capacitance voltage backswing transformer inside

The DC power-supply circuit of capacitance voltage backswing transformer inside provides low voltage and direct current to observation circuit, digital-control circuit, and power supply circuits can adopt diverse ways as required.

Method 1: directly power with the electric capacity bleeder circuit

Because the power of the inner DC circuit of transformer is less, can obtain through the mode of capacitance partial pressure from the input port of transformer.When the input voltage of transformer was direct current, DC circuit was made up of capacitance partial pressure circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit.When the input voltage of transformer was alternating current, DC circuit was made up of rectification circuit, capacitance partial pressure circuit, voltage stabilizing circuit.

The capacitance partial pressure circuit is made up of two series capacitors, establishes: the effective voltage of transformer module input port is U0, and two capacitor volume values are respectively C1, C2, and from two port dividing potential drops of C1, the effective value of dividing potential drop is Ua, has:

(U0-Ua)/Ua＝C1/C2

.........................(7)

Example: when the U0=220 volt, the Ua=15 volt, during the C1=1 microfarad, the C2=0.073 microfarad, wherein, the withstand voltage of C1 is greater than 45 volts, and the withstand voltage of C2 is greater than 450 volts.

When the voltage of transformer input port was direct voltage, Fig. 6 .1 was the capacitance partial pressure circuit theory diagrams.When the voltage of transformer input port was alternating voltage, Fig. 6 .2 took circuit theory diagrams by force for the electric capacity branch.

Shown in Fig. 6 .1, Fig. 6 .2 working method be: after transformer input energized, through behind the capacitance partial pressure, filtering, voltage stabilizing, direct voltage is applied to digital-control circuit, observation circuit port.Wherein, the diode in the bleeder circuit can the isolation capacitance dividing potential drop capacitive reactance in output back filtering, voltage stabilizing circuit and monitoring, the digital-control circuit to the influence of bleeder circuit.

Method 2: start with capacitance partial pressure, use the transformer secondary output coil power supply

After transformer input energized, after capacitance partial pressure, filtering, voltage stabilizing, direct voltage is applied to digital-control circuit, observation circuit port; The work of digital-control circuit starting transformer; After the transformer work, behind rectification, filter circuit, be applied to digital-control circuit, observation circuit port from the oscillating voltage of secondary coil 2 output; Digital-control circuit control sets electrical equipment 1 disconnects the capacitance partial pressure circuit.Wherein, secondary coil 2 is independently coils.

Specify: only allow dividing potential drop electric capacity to be connected on the rear end of rectification circuit, do not allow dividing potential drop electric capacity to be connected on the front end of rectification circuit.When dividing potential drop electric capacity was connected on the rear end of rectification circuit, electric capacity and alternating current electrical network had formed isolation; When dividing potential drop electric capacity was connected on the front end of rectification circuit, electric capacity had formed in parallel with the alternating current electrical network; When electric capacity is in parallel with the alternating current electrical network, can the safe operation of alternating current electrical network be threatened.

Capacitance partial pressure only is applicable to the situation of low-voltage.When the voltage of transformer input port was high voltage, the DC circuit in the transformer should adopt the circuit of other modes.

Method 3: start with electric resistance partial pressure, use the transformer secondary output coil power supply

Input port electric resistance partial pressure from transformer provides direct current to testing circuit, digital-control circuit after rectification, voltage stabilizing, starting transformer work.After transformer work, secondary coil output alternating voltage from transformer, the output winding of this coil and transformer is isolated, and provides direct current to testing circuit, data computation and control circuit after rectification, voltage stabilizing, and cuts off the resistor voltage divider circuit of transformer input port simultaneously.

Method 4: provide direct current with independent current source to transformer inside from transformer is outside.

(two. six) design of capacitance voltage backswing transformer output port rectification circuit

What capacitance voltage backswing transformer secondary output coil output mouth was exported is high-frequency oscillation voltage, when require transformer output port output be direct voltage or alternating voltage or AC frequency conversion voltage the time, need connect rectification circuit at the port of secondary coil, this rectification circuit is called the output port rectification circuit.

The method for designing of 1 direct current output transformer output rectification circuit

Direct current output transformer output rectification circuit has two kinds of methods for designing

Method 1: rectification, filtering method

Port at the transformer secondary output coil connects rectification, filter circuit, and the high-frequency oscillation voltage of transformer secondary output coil output can be realized direct current output after rectification, filtering.

Method 2: different phase and linked method

Output port at the transformer secondary output coil connects rectification circuit, in parallel in the same way the rectification circuit output end mouth of identical transformer more than two, identical when the oscillating voltage frequency in each transformer, voltage peak is identical and phase place when inequality, transformer can output dc voltage.

2 exchange the method for designing of output or frequency-changing AC output transformer output rectification circuit

Capacitance voltage backswing transformer will realize exchanging output or frequency-changing AC output, need convert the high-frequency oscillation voltage of transformer secondary output coil port to the voltage peak curve for exchanging or frequency-changing AC voltage by rectification circuit, realize exchanging output or frequency-changing AC output by different phase and linked method again.

The rectification circuit that exchanges the output of output or frequency-changing AC has two kinds of methods for designing

1: one rectifier bridge of method exchanges the method for output or frequency-changing AC output

Output port at capacitance voltage backswing transformer secondary output coil connects a rectifier bridge, each output port at rectifier bridge connects two may command diodes, two may command diodes are connected respectively to the output port of transformer, by controlling opening and turn-offing of four diodes, can realize of the pattern output of voltage peak curve by alternating voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage.Fig. 7 .1 is the basic circuit diagram of rectification circuit.

The control method of digital-control circuit in the method 1: the output voltage peak curve equation that capacitance voltage backswing transformer is set, this curvilinear equation is generally sine wave, when transformer is worked, close diode J5, J6, open diode J7, J8, the voltage peak curve of transformer output is positive half cycle output; Close diode J7, J8, open diode J5, J6, the voltage curve of transformer output port is negative half period output.

Different phase in the method 1 and linked method: a transformer can only reach the pattern output of voltage peak curve by alternating voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage, can not realize the output of alternating voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage.Control a plurality of identical capacitance voltage backswing transformers with a digital-control circuit, oscillating circuit operating frequency in a plurality of transformers is identical, the peak value of oscillating voltage is identical in the oscillating circuit, but the phase place difference of oscillating voltage, in parallel in the same way the rectification bridge output end mouth of identical transformer more than two, identical when the oscillating voltage frequency in each transformer, voltage peak is identical and phase place when inequality, transformer can output AC voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage.

2: two rectifier bridges of method exchange the method for output

At the output port of capacitance voltage backswing transformer secondary output coil two rectifier bridges in parallel, two rectifier bridge input port reverse parallel connections, get an opposite polarity port respectively and be unified into a port at the output port of two rectifier bridges, remaining two ports respectively connect behind the may command diode and are unified into a port, control opening and turn-offing of two may command diodes by digital-control circuit, can realize of the pattern output of voltage peak curve by alternating voltage.Fig. 7 .2 is the basic circuit diagram of rectification circuit.

The method of digital-control circuit control rectification circuit in the method 2: the output voltage peak curve that capacitance voltage backswing transformer is set is for sinusoidal wave, during transformer work, J6 closes when digital-control circuit control diode, and when diode J5 opened, the voltage curve of transformer output port was positive half cycle output; J5 closes when digital-control circuit control diode, and when diode J6 opened, the voltage curve of transformer output port was negative half period output.

Different phase in the method 2 and linked method: a transformer can only reach the pattern output of voltage peak curve by alternating voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage, can not realize the output of alternating voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage.Control a plurality of identical capacitance voltage backswing transformers with a digital-control circuit, oscillating circuit operating frequency in a plurality of transformers is identical, the peak value of oscillating voltage is identical in the oscillating circuit, but the phase place difference of oscillating voltage, in parallel in the same way the rectification bridge output end mouth of identical transformer more than two, identical when the oscillating voltage frequency in each transformer, voltage peak is identical and phase place when inequality, transformer can output AC voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage.

Specify: in method 1, the method 2, when a plurality of transformers connected in parallel, only allow output port association, do not allow input port parallel connection at rectifier bridge at rectifier bridge.

(two. seven) the design circuit plate: will consider the magnitude of current that the connecting line on the circuit board passes through during the design circuit plate, the connecting line on the ifs circuit plate can not satisfy the current requirements that passes through, and should consider directly to connect with lead.

The method for designing of four capacitance voltage backswing transformer output parallel connections

When the output of transformer was in parallel, each transformer must be a voltage source independently, independently voltage source uncorrelated each other, do not influence.

When a plurality of transformers were in parallel, if the output voltage of each transformer is unequal, the output voltage after the parallel connection was the output voltage of the highest transformer of voltage, and the power output after the parallel connection is the power output of the highest transformer of voltage; If the output of each transformer is the direct voltage of direct voltage and the output of each transformer when equating, the power output after the parallel connection is each transformer power output sum; If the output of each transformer be the frequency, peak value of the alternating voltage of alternating voltage and the output of each transformer, when phase place is identical, the power output after the parallel connection is each transformer power output sum; If the output of each transformer is that the identical and phase place of frequency, the peak value of alternating voltage of alternating voltage and the output of each transformer is when inequality, and the transformer group that is unified into is the different phase transformer group, the voltage curve of different phase transformer group output is the peak curve of each transformer oscillating voltage that is in parallel, and the power output of different phase transformer group is the crest voltage of one of them transformer and the product of this transformer rated current.

If the purpose of transformers connected in parallel is in order to improve power output, the output voltage of each transformer that is in parallel must equate in real time; When the output port of transformer was direct voltage, the direct voltage of each transformer output should equate; When the voltage of transformer output port was alternating voltage, frequency, phase place, the peak value of the alternating voltage of each transformer output should equate.When a plurality of transformer outputs are in parallel, the power output of each transformer can be unequal, as the power output of transformer 1 is that the power output of 5KW, transformer 2 is that the power output of 10KW, transformer 3 is that the power output of 20KW, transformer 4 is 30KW, and the power output after the output port parallel connection of four transformers is 65KW.Because the output voltage of each transformer can not definitely equate, in order to ensure that the power output after the parallel connection equals each transformer power output sum, need demarcate the observation circuit of each transformer, the output voltage error each other that makes each transformer is less than certain scope, and utilizing the regulatory function of capacitance voltage backswing transformer self, the output voltage that is implemented in each transformer under the load condition equates.

If the purpose of capacitance voltage backswing transformers connected in parallel is for output dc voltage, the secondary coil of each transformer is carried out parallel connection through behind the rectification circuit, when the identical and phase place of the frequency of each transformer and voltage peak is inequality, can output dc voltage or alternating voltage or AC frequency conversion voltage after the parallel connection; The different phase transformer group can adopt the mode of two transformers connected in parallel, four transformers connected in parallel, eight transformers connected in parallel, during a plurality of transformers connected in parallel, requires the operating frequency of each transformer identical, voltage peak equates, but phase place is inequality; When two transformers connected in parallel, 90 ° of two transformer phases phasic differences; When four transformers connected in parallel, 45 ° of the phasic differences mutually of first transformer and second transformer, 45 ° of the phasic differences mutually of second transformer and the 3rd transformer, 45 ° of the phasic differences mutually of the 3rd transformer and the 4th transformer; In like manner, when eight transformers connected in parallel, 25 ° of phase phasic differences; When by the transformers connected in parallel output dc voltage, power output equals the peak value of a transformer oscillating voltage and the product of output-current rating.

If the purpose of capacitance voltage backswing transformers connected in parallel is in order to export single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage or single phase alternating current (A.C.) frequency conversion voltage, the secondary coil of each transformer is carried out parallel connection through behind the rectification circuit, oscillating voltage peak curve by the output of the control of the digital-control circuit in transformer secondary coil, when the identical and phase place of the frequency of same each transformer of time and voltage peak is inequality, can export single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage or single-phase frequency-changing AC voltage after the parallel connection.

If the purpose of capacitance voltage backswing transformers connected in parallel is in order to export three-phase alternating voltage or three phase variable frequency alternating voltage, earlier will be respectively and be unified into three transformer group capacitance voltage backswing transformer, each transformer group can be exported single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage or single-phase frequency-changing AC voltage, again the output port of three transformer group is connected by the mode that triangle connects, when the alternating voltage of each transformer stage output or the frequency of AC frequency conversion voltage, voltage peak is identical inequality, and each transformer group and second transformer group, second transformer group and the 3rd transformer group, when the phase place of the 3rd transformer group and first transformer group differs 120 ° respectively, can realize the output of three-phase alternating voltage or three phase variable frequency alternating voltage.Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of three transformer group outputs method of attachment.

Capacitance voltage backswing transformer output needs data and handles and control circuit (hereinafter to be referred as the transformer group digital-control circuit) when in parallel, the transformer group digital-control circuit wants to demarcate the observation circuit in each transformer, want to start each transformer successively, want to control the operating state of each transformer, want to control the frequency of oscillation and the phase place of each capacitance voltage backswing transformer, can the control transformer group output voltage.

The feature of capacitance voltage backswing transformer output parallel connection is: the rear end at a plurality of capacitance voltage backswing transformer rectifying output circuits composes in parallel transformer group, at the transformer group output port terminal observation circuit is set, the direct voltage or the AC wave shape of the real-time monitoring output mouth of terminal observation circuit, a transformer group digital-control circuit is set in transformer group, and the terminal observation circuit provides real-time Monitoring Data to the transformer group digital-control circuit; The data of utilizing the terminal observation circuit to provide, the transformer group digital-control circuit is demarcated the observation circuit in each transformer; When transformer group started, the transformer group digital-control circuit was controlled each transformer bay and is started one by one at regular intervals; When transformer is worked, the running parameter that the transformer group digital-control circuit provides according to each transformer digital-control circuit, the quantity of control transformer work; According to design object, under the control of digital-control circuit, the gross power of the transformer output that is in parallel can equal each transformer power output sum; Under the control of digital-control circuit, the transformer that is in parallel can be exported individual event alternating voltage or individual event frequency-changing AC voltage, can export three-phase alternating voltage or three frequency-changing AC voltages.

The scaling method of observation circuit in 1 transformer

Scaling method:

If: have m transformers connected in parallel to become transformer group, the direct voltage of transformer group output or alternating voltage peak are Ua, and an output observation circuit is set, the output voltage U a of monitoring transformer.

(1) in the output port loading of transformer group, bearing power is less than the rated output power of arbitrary transformer in the transformer group.

(2) by 1 work of transformer group digital-control circuit starting transformer, the output observation circuit is to the voltage data of transformer group digital-control circuit transmission output, the transformer group digital-control circuit indicates the digital-control circuit control switch pipe in the transformer 1 to allow the electric current that passes through, and makes the direct voltage or the permanent Ua of being of alternating voltage peak of transformer 1 output

When transformer 1 is worked half an hour at least, the output voltage of transformer 1 is permanent when being Ua, and the digital-control circuit in the transformer 1 is to the oscillating voltage Ua1 of transformer group digital-control circuit transmission transformer 1, and the data of Ua1 will have enough big quantity and average.After finishing above-mentioned work, close transformer 1

(3) do by transformer group digital-control circuit starting transformer 2T, repeat the job step of transformer 1, at the dc voltage value of the output port of transformer 2 or the alternating current voltage crest is permanent when being Ua, digital-control circuit in the transformer 2 is closed transformer 2 afterwards to the oscillating voltage Ua2 of transformer group digital-control circuit transmission transformer 2

Obtain the data Ua3 of transformer 3 according to same step, the data Ua4 of transformer 4 is until the data Uam of transformer m

(4) calibration result: when the peak value of the direct voltage of transformer group output or alternating voltage was Ua, transformer 1, transformer 2, transformer 3 to the oscillating voltage in the transformer m were respectively Ua1, Ua2, Ua3......Uam

When the direct voltage of transformer group output or the peak value of alternating voltage are Ub, can be similar to and think that transformer 1, transformer 2, transformer 3 to the oscillating voltage in the transformer m are respectively Ub1, Ub2, Ub3......Ubm

Correlation is:

Ua1/Ub1＝Ua2/Ub2＝Ua3/Ub3＝......＝Uam/Ubm＝Ua/Ub

The method that 2 transformers start one by one

When transformer group starts, the method that adopt each transformer to start successively.

Specify a transformer at first to start, if the rated output power of each transformer is unequal, the transformer of specifying the rated output power maximum is first starting transformer, and all the other transformers start successively by rated output power order from big to small and interval certain hour.If: the quantity of transformer is m, and the transformer one-period time is t0, and the startup of an i transformer and a last transformer is spaced apart ti, has: ti=t0+1/4 * (i-1)/m * t0.For example: transformer group has 4 transformers, the time of a work period of transformer is 10 microseconds, then: be 10.625 microseconds startup blanking time of second transformer, be 11.25 microseconds startup blanking time of the 3rd transformer, and be 11.975 microseconds startup blanking time of the 4th transformer.

The control method of 3 transformer group operating states

In transformer group when work,, the rated output power of transformer group not necessarily equates with the real output of transformer group, when the real output of transformer group during less than the rated output power of transformer group, should close the interior part transformer of transformer group; When the real output of each transformer in the transformer group during greater than the rated output power of each transformer, the transformer of should actuating section having closed.Transformer group is wanted can be according to its real output and the operating state of the difference control transformer group of rated output power.

The control principle of transformer group operating state: when the rated output power of transformer is X1, when the transformer group real output is Y1, the rated output power of transformer group and the difference of real output are X1-Y1, when difference approximated the transformer of rated output power minimum in the transformer group, the transformer group digital-control circuit was just closed this transformer; Close after a rated power equals the transformer of Z1, the actual rated output power of transformer group is X2, X2=X1-Z1, when the real output of transformer group is Y2, the rated output power of transformer group and the difference of real output are X2-Y2, are to open or close some transformers according to the sign symbol of X2-Y2 and absolute value decision; But no matter close how many transformers, transformer group is minimum will a transformer job.For example: a transformer group has 4 transformers, and the rated output power of transformer 1, transformer 2, transformer 3, transformer 4 is respectively 5KW, 10KW, 20KW, 30KW, and the rated output power of transformer group is 65KW; When the real output of transformer group was 60.5KW, the transformer group digital-control circuit was just closed the work of transformer 1; When the real output of transformer group was 54KW, the transformer group digital-control circuit was just closed transformer 2 and starting transformer 1 work; When the real output of transformer group was 5KW, the transformer group digital-control circuit just only allowed transformer 1 work; When the real output of transformer group was 0.05KW, transformer group still will guarantee transformer 1 work.

The control method of transformer group operating state: the voltage signal amplitude that is used for the control switch pipe in the real output of each transformer and this transformer is relevant, when the real output of transformer increased, digital-control circuit increased the voltage signal amplitude of control switch pipe; When the real output of transformer reduced, digital-control circuit reduced the voltage signal amplitude of control switch pipe.In transformer group, each transformer is used for the voltage signal of control switch pipe when rated output power amplitude parameter is set, during transformer group work, the voltage signal parameter that is used for the control switch pipe in each transformer is real-time transmitted to the transformer group digital-control circuit, the voltage signal amplitude that is used for the control switch circuit when each transformer is during less than set point, the transformer group digital-control circuit is closed one or several transformers, but to guarantee a transformer job at least, the voltage signal amplitude that is used for the control switch circuit when each transformer is during greater than set point, the transformer group digital-control circuit is opened one or several transformers, until opening whole transformer work.

The control method of 4 transformer group output voltages

The control method of transformer group output voltage generally should adopt the upper voltage limit output transformer to control the method for oscillating voltage.If: the voltage that is provided with of transformer group input is U0, and the real work voltage of input is Ux; Wherein Ux is the real-time voltage value that monitoring circuit monitors arrives.

(1) voltage control method during Ux 〉=U0

In the transformer group, the real-time voltage value of monitoring circuit monitors is Ubi in i transformer, gets k=Ubi/Uai, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

(2) voltage control method during Ux＜U0

During Ux＜U0, the lower limit of Ux/U0 should be set also, as Ux/U0 during less than lower limit, the value of getting Ux/U0 is a lower limit.

In the transformer group, the real-time voltage value of monitoring circuit monitors is Ubi in i transformer, gets k=Ux ÷ U0 * Ubi ÷ Uai, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, reduce switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through; When k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, increase switching circuit and allow the electric current that passes through.

5 in transformer group, and the input of each transformer and output are isolated, and transformer and transformer bay are isolated mutually, and transformer and transformer group digital-control circuit transmit the channel separation of signal or data mutually.

The method for designing of five capacitance voltage backswing transformers or the series connection of transformer group output

When the output of transformer and input were isolated, the output port of each transformer had just constituted an independently voltage source, and the output port of a plurality of transformers can be connected; In like manner, when the output port of transformer group constituted independently voltage source, a plurality of transformer group also can be connected.

When transformer or transformer group series connection, the voltage of transformer or transformer group output port is direct voltage or synchronous alternating voltage, improves power output and output voltage by the output series connection.

When transformer or the series connection of transformer group output, the output current of each transformer or each transformer group is identical; When the output-current rating of each transformer that is in series or transformer group was unequal, the output current after the series connection was the transformer of output-current rating minimum or the output-current rating of transformer group.

Transformer or transformer group can be exported enough big power and sufficiently high voltage, generally do not need output port to connect once more, still, when the output voltage that requires transformer or transformer group is high especially, just need to adopt the method for output series connection.Obviously, the series connection of transformer or transformer group output port is mainly used in the direct current or the alternating current conveying of high pressure or superhigh pressure.

When transformer or the series connection of transformer group output port, needing a data processing manages a plurality of transformers or transformer group with control circuit (hereinafter to be referred as numer centre), the digital-control circuit of each transformer or transformer group transmits running parameter to numer centre, is sent the parameter of Control work respectively to each transformer or transformer group by numer centre.

The method for designing of six capacitance voltage backswing transformers or the series connection of transformer group input

In capacitance voltage backswing transformer, capacitor and the switching tube in the switching circuit in the oscillating circuit all have voltage limit, when the voltage of transformer input be higher than capacitor and switching tube require voltage the time, transformer just can't be worked.For transformer can be worked, just need change high-voltage variable into low-voltage that transformer can be worked.The purpose of multiple transformers or the series connection of transformer group input is exactly to reduce the voltage of input, if: the voltage of transformer or transformer group input is U, the series connection quantity of transformer or transformer group is N, and the voltage of each transformer or transformer input port is Uj, has:

Uj＝U/N

When Uj can satisfy the operating voltage requirement of transformer or transformer group input port, work just can be carried out in a plurality of transformers or transformer group input series connection back under high voltage.

When the input port of capacitance voltage backswing transformer was connected, the switching tube in each transformer that is in series is opened simultaneously and closed simultaneously, and was identical by the electric current of each transformer input port, and the frequency of oscillation during each transformer work is identical; When the input port of each transformer and output port were isolated, the output port of each transformer can be connected and combination in parallel, i.e. all parallel connections of the output port of each transformer also can and be unified into several groups, and joint group are connected again.

When transformer or the series connection of transformer group input port, needing a data processing manages a plurality of transformers or transformer group with control circuit (hereinafter to be referred as numer centre), the digital-control circuit of each transformer or transformer group transmits running parameter to numer centre, is sent the parameter of Control work respectively to each transformer or transformer group by numer centre.

When transformer or the series connection of transformer group input port, the input of each transformer or transformer group and output are isolated; Transformer and transformer are isolated mutually; The signal or the data transmission channel of transformer or group digital-control circuit, numer centre are isolated mutually.

Experiment content and experimental technique in the seven capacitance voltage backswing design of transformer processes

Experiment purpose: by experiment, check and well designed scheme.

Experiment content: operating frequency experiment; The power output experiment; Control circuit program debugging experiment; The experiment of components and parts scale error; Contents such as performance parameter experiment.

Experimental technique

The method of 1 transformer operating frequency experiment: according to operating frequency, selected oscillating circuit electric capacity, the primary coil of design and the number of turn of primary coil of design, be determined by experiment the operating frequency of transformer, definite operating frequency should be greater than the operating frequency of design.Method: oscillating circuit and a switching tube connect into a ball bearing made using, port voltage adopts DC low-voltage, direct voltage as 25V, secondary coil is unsettled, signal waveform control switch plumber with signal source does, with the voltage waveform of oscilloscope observation primary coil port and secondary coil port,, find out primary coil quantity and be at 1 o'clock and can form the operating frequency of capacitance voltage backswing point by the scan function of signal source; If operating frequency does not reach designing requirement, the quantity of primary coil and primary coil is increased to 2, is near the twice point of 1 o'clock operating frequency in the coil number amount, by the scan function of signal source, finds out the operating frequency that forms capacitance voltage backswing point; If operating frequency does not still reach designing requirement, increase the quantity of primary coil and secondary coil once more, when only reaching requirement of experiment till.

The adjustment that the experiment of transformer operating frequency the time is carried out: when carrying out the operating frequency experiment, the model of iron core is adjusted,, made the volume minimum of iron core guaranteeing that operating frequency meets the demands and rationally under the prerequisite of coiling, adjusting the iron core model.Adjust the adjustment also comprise core material, ferrite iron core is changed into amorphous iron core or the ultracrystallite iron core can improve operating frequency.

Points for attention during the experiment of transformer operating frequency: the electric current that switching tube allows to pass through will be selected a desired value, can not be too big, again can not be too little, and the adjustment surplus is arranged up and down; The electric capacity pin sectional area of oscillating circuit wants to satisfy the requirement of operating current; The quantity of coil can only increase and experiment one by one one by one from 1; Coil quantity will adopt parallel, equidistant coiling greater than 2 o'clock, made the identical circle and the iron core of different coils equidistant, do not allow different coils strand around; The running parameter of transformer is relevant with the control signal waveform of employing, recommends to adopt trapezoidal wave.

2 transformer power outputs experiment: power output experiment portions Experiment of Electrical Circuits and transformer experiment.The partial circuit experiment is after finishing the experiment of transformer operating frequency, and this partial circuit is carried out the power output experiment, measures peak power output, measures rated output power.Transformer experiment is whole circuit in transformer can both work the time, measures power output.

The program debugging experiment of 3 control circuits: transformer carries out program debugging under zero load, nominal load, three kinds of situations of maximum load, by the debugging experiment, guarantees that transformer can both normally start, operate as normal under three kinds of situations.

Components and parts scale error experiment in 4 transformers: all there are error in all components and parts actual performance index and nominal performance indexs.The scale error experiment divides the scale error experiment of important components and parts and the scale error experiment of general components and parts.

In transformer, the capacitor of oscillating circuit and iron core are two important components and parts, are determined by experiment positive error and negative error that the index of capacitor and iron core allows respectively.Method: in the error range that allows, when capacitor and iron core be the index positive error simultaneously, during simultaneously for index negative error, capacitor index positive error and iron core index negative error, capacitor index negative error and four kinds of situations of iron core index positive error, transformer can operate as normal.

Components and parts except that important components and parts are general components and parts, after the scale error experiment of finishing important components and parts, remake the scale error experiment of general components and parts.By the scale error experiment, determine the nominal index of all components and parts in the transformer and the positive and negative error range that the nominal index allows.

The performance parameter experiment of 5 transformers: all properties parameter of transformer all will experimentize.

The method for manufacturing of eight transformers

The running parameter of transformer is all by program control, there is not circuit to adjust parameter in process of production, so method for manufacturing is fairly simple, as long as strict screening components and parts, the scale error that guarantees all components and parts is in the error range that allows, and the product of producing is exactly qualified product.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the phase diagram of LC resonant circuit voltage waveform, and wherein, U0 is the back-lash voltage that is applied to the primary coil port, and U1 is the oscillating voltage of outprimary interruption-forming, and characteristics are that U0 and U1 take place at one time, the waveform symmetry.

Fig. 2 is the phase diagram of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer center-off pressure and oscillating voltage, wherein, U0 is the back-lash voltage that is applied to the primary coil port, U1 is the oscillating voltage of outprimary interruption-forming, characteristics are that U0 occurs in after the capacitance voltage backswing point of U1 generation, and waveform is asymmetric.

Fig. 3 is the phase diagram of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer center-off pressure and oscillating voltage, wherein, U0 is the back-lash voltage that is applied to the primary coil port, and U1 is the oscillating voltage of outprimary interruption-forming, characteristics are that U0 occurs in after all capacitance voltage backswing points the waveform symmetry.

Fig. 4 is unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer principle circuit diagram, represent observation circuit and digital-control circuit respectively with two square frames, wherein, the band arrow line that observation circuit is drawn is represented the position of monitoring circuit monitors or the monitor signal of observation circuit (or Monitoring Data) transmission direction, DC circuit in the transformer is represented the position that it applies with arrow, and the band arrow line that digital-control circuit is drawn is represented the position of the voltage signal sensing that it sends.Applied voltage is expressed with direct voltage among Fig. 4, when applied voltage is alternating voltage, make it become unidirectional voltage through rectification circuit.

Fig. 5 .1 is the basic circuit diagram of a type of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer, J1, J2, J3, J4 are equivalent to switch, but such switch is expressed improper with current-collector, express also improper with switching tube, express with the may command diode among the present invention, represent that it can turn-off again as the unidirectional conducting of diode under the control of voltage signal.Applied voltage among Fig. 5 .1 is expressed with direct voltage, when applied voltage is alternating voltage, make it become unidirectional voltage through rectification circuit.

Fig. 5 .2 is the basic circuit diagram of another type of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer.

Fig. 6 .1 is the basic circuit diagram of direct voltage capacitance partial pressure, and this circuit is applicable to the less situation of power output after the dividing potential drop.Diode among the figure is used for capacitive reactance and isolates.

Fig. 6 .2 is the basic circuit diagram of alternating voltage capacitance partial pressure.Specify: bleeder circuit can only not allow the front end at rectification circuit in the rear end of rectification circuit.

Fig. 7 .1 is AC transformer or frequency-changing AC transformer output rectification circuit one type, and the may command diode among the figure is controlled by digital-control circuit.

Fig. 7 .2 is another type of AC transformer or frequency-changing AC transformer output rectification circuit.

Fig. 8 is the coupling method of three-phase ac transformer or three phase variable frequency AC transformer output port, expresses three frequencies respectively and voltage magnitude is identical and one-way communication transformer or unidirectional frequency-changing AC transformer that phase place is different with square frame.

Beneficial effect

Compare with traditional design of transformer production technology, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

Forward quicken behind the 1 employing capacitance voltage backswing point, can reduce the loss of transformer effectively.Capacitance voltage backswing transformer utilizes the direction transformation of moving electron in the iron core to carry out equidirectional acceleration, and the energy loss that the portions of electronics collision produces when having avoided contrary direction to quicken, can make the loss of transformer core ignore under certain condition.

In the present invention, the loss of transformer is mainly produced by the diode effect in the electronic component, and the loss of each diode is: P=0.7 * I watt, I are the electric current by diode.Obviously, such loss is very little, no matter is electronic transformer or power transformer, adopts general fin and wind-cooling heat dissipating technology can satisfy instructions for use.

Reduce the transformer fe core loss two advantages are arranged: (1) saves electric energy.(2) manufacturing cost of reduction transformer can no longer be lowered the temperature with oil as power transformer, and then simplifies production technology, the reduction manufacturing cost.

Frequency of oscillation adopts high-frequency in two transformers, can reduce the quality of transformer effectively.The power output of transformer is relevant with the power that the coil of transformer and iron core carry out energy exchange, the power that transformer coil and iron core carry out energy exchange is directly proportional with operating frequency, and the operating frequency that improves transformer can reduce the quality of transformer core effectively.

The operating frequency of power transformer is generally power frequency, adopts capacitance voltage backswing transformer to improve hundred times even several thousand times to work frequency, thereby can reduce the quality of transformer core effectively.

The electronic transformer operating frequency is generally higher, but because electronic transformer adopts the LC resonance principle, energy loss in the iron core is inevitable, energy loss in the iron core is directly proportional with power, in order to ensure the operate as normal of transformer, adopt the transformer power output and the iron core quality of LC resonance principle that certain ratio is arranged.Capacitance voltage backswing transformer among the present invention has been avoided the energy loss of iron core effectively, thereby its power output is not subjected to the iron core quality limitations.

Three capacitance voltage backswing transformers are during as DC power supply, compare with existing Switching Power Supply to have the following advantages: (1) core loss is little.(2) core volume is little.(3) transformer can not produce the spike waveform, and the direct voltage ripple of output is little.(4) can the zero load operation.(5) can adjust output voltage automatically, voltage regulation result is arranged; Can adjust input power automatically according to load variations, make the servo-actuated automatically at any time of bearing power and operating power.(6) production technology is simple, does not need in the production process product parameters is debugged.

Four capacitance voltage backswing transformers or transformer group are during as variable-frequency transformer, and compared following advantage with existing variable-frequency transformer: (1) core loss is little.(2) core volume is little.(3) stepless frequency conversion.(4) can the zero load operation.(5) adjust input power automatically according to load variations.(6) do not need in the production process product parameters is debugged.

When five capacitance voltage backswing transformer input ports or output port carry out series, parallel, following advantage is arranged: by parallel connection, the series connection of transformer or transformer group output, the power output unlimited extension of transformer can be made, the output voltage unlimited extension of transformer can be made; Tandem energy by transformer or transformer group input is high voltage drop a low-voltage.

In power delivery networks, to compare with the existing power transformer, capacitance voltage backswing transformer input port or output port carry out series and parallel and have the following advantages: (1) can realize boosting and step-down of high pressure, superhigh pressure technically.(2) production technology is simple, does not need in the production process product parameters is adjusted.(3) volume is little.(4) use, management, easy to maintenance.The electric power step-up transformer can be composed in series by the transformer group output; The electric power step-down transformer can be by transformer group input series connection, the output parallel connection, is composed in series; Power transformer can be adjusted the power of input according to load variations automatically by digital-control circuit, transformer group digital-control circuit, three grades of controls of numer centre in the transformer; Indivedual transformers break down and do not influence the operate as normal of transformer.(5) equipment cost is low.(6) realize that easily high direct voltage, superhigh pressure transmit electric power; High direct voltage, superhigh pressure transmit electric power little to the electromagnetic pollution of environment; The cost of compare construction with existing high direct voltage, superhigh pressure carrying method, transforming is low.

Execution mode

Design of transformer method among the present invention belongs to the method for designing of numerical products, it is according to the functional requirement deisgn product of product, work with the program control product, therefore, after design parameter is determined, there is not optimization design scheme, resemble the computer of a same model, when its running parameter was identical, the parameter designing scheme did not have optimum, and reflection computer quality can only be the superiority and inferiority that do not have the quality of hardware of direct relation with the running parameter design.

The method for designing of transformer is based on Fig. 4, Fig. 5 .1, two kinds of basic modes of Fig. 5 .5 among the present invention, behind the output rectification circuit, can realize direct voltage, alternating voltage, the output of frequency-changing AC voltage, after the series, parallel combination, can satisfy different engine requests.What method for designing embodied is to quantize and modularization.

The design of one direct current output transformer

The direct current output transformer is called DC power supply on engineering.

The method for designing of 1 small-power DC power supply

The small-power DC power supply is used for household appliances such as computer, television set and electronic instrument, instrument aspect.

For household appliances such as computer, television sets, recommend to adopt circuit shown in Figure 4, control the waveform of oscillating voltage with the method for voltage stabilizing output, input is with a full-wave rectification bridge, inner DC circuit is directly used capacitance partial pressure behind rectifier bridge, the output rectification circuit is used capacitor filtering after adopting rectifier bridge.Characteristics are that volume is little, loss is little, cost is little, manufacturing is simple, performance is better than existing Switching Power Supply.

For electronic instrument, meters, recommend to adopt the basic circuit shown in Fig. 5 .1 or Fig. 5 .2, control the waveform of oscillating voltage with the method for voltage stabilizing output, when the voltage of input is alternating voltage, method with rectifying and wave-filtering converts direct voltage to, inner DC circuit adopts the method that capacitance partial pressure starts, secondary coil 2 is powered, and the output rectification circuit is used capacitor filtering after adopting rectifier bridge.Characteristics are that the direct voltage drift of output is little, and ripple is little, and performance is not less than existing linear power supply.

The method for designing of 2 high-power DC power supplies

(1) input is the method for designing of the high-power DC power supply of direct voltage

Carry out parallel connection after recommending to adopt two transformer output rectifier bridges, the operating frequency of two transformers equates, the amplitude of oscillating voltage equates 90 ° of phase phasic differences

The transformer that is in parallel recommends to adopt the basic circuit shown in Fig. 5 .1 or Fig. 5 .2, control the waveform of oscillating voltage with the method for upper voltage limit output, inner DC circuit adopts the method that capacitance partial pressure starts, secondary coil 2 is powered, and output adopts full-wave rectification bridge.

(2) input is the method for designing 1 at high-power DC power supply of power frequency ac voltage

Carry out parallel connection after recommending to adopt two transformer output rectifier bridges, two transformers operating frequency at one time equates, the amplitude of oscillating voltage equates 90 ° of phase phasic differences

The transformer that is in parallel recommends to adopt the basic circuit shown in Fig. 5 .1 or Fig. 5 .2, control the waveform of oscillating voltage with the method for curve voltage output, the amplitude curve voltage of waveform adopts the trapezoid ripple, the top margin length of trapezoidal wave equals 0.55 times of base length, the operating frequency of trapezoidal wave is a power frequency, with rectifier bridge alternating voltage is converted to unidirectional voltage at input port, inner DC circuit adopts the method that capacitance partial pressure starts, secondary coil 2 is powered, and output adopts full-wave rectification bridge.

(3) input is the method for designing 2 at high-power DC power supply of power frequency ac voltage

Input port carries out being connected to after the rectification input port of transformer with three-phase commutation bridge, and DC power supply is that the method for designing of the high-power DC power supply of direct voltage designs according to input in (1).

For example: when the operating frequency of transformer is 500K, the condenser capacity value of transformer parallel connection is 1 μ F by a definite date, and input port connects after with the three-phase commutation bridge rectification, and the power output of DC power supply can reach 30KW.

(4) high-power DC power supply design points for attention

During the high-power DC power supply design, calculable capacitor pin, primary coil, secondary coil, rectifier bridge, connecting line, switching tube to allow the electric current that passes through, guarantee that enough line footpaths are to satisfy the requirement that electric current passes through.

The design of two direct current output transformer groups

The commutator transformer group is in order to obtain bigger power output, and the commutator transformer group generally is made up of DC power supply.Transformer group will ensure that the direct voltage of each DC power supply output is identical by demarcating the method for observation circuit.

The design (summary) of three direct current output transformer outputs series connection

The design (summary) of four direct current output transformer group outputs series connection

The design (summary) of the series connection of five direct current output transformer group inputs, output parallel connection

The design (summary) of the series connection of six direct current output transformer group inputs, output series connection

Seven exchange the design of input, interchange output transformer

Interchange input, interchange output transformer are called AC transformer.AC transformer is divided into single phase alternating current (A.C.) transformer and three-phase ac transformer again.

The method for designing of 1 single phase alternating current (A.C.) transformer

Carry out parallel connection after recommending to adopt two transformer output rectifier bridges, two transformers operating frequency at one time equates, the amplitude of oscillating voltage equates 90 ° of phase phasic differences

The transformer that is in parallel recommends to adopt the basic circuit shown in Fig. 5 .1 or Fig. 5 .2, control the waveform of oscillating voltage with the method for curve voltage output, the amplitude curve voltage of waveform adopts sinusoidal wave, with rectifier bridge alternating voltage is converted to unidirectional voltage at input port, behind the input port rectifier bridge, observation circuit is set, the a-c cycle of monitoring circuit monitors input, the operating frequency that monitors is set sinusoidal wave frequency, inner DC circuit adopts capacitance partial pressure to start, the method of secondary coil 2 power supplies, output adopts the rectification circuit shown in Fig. 7 .1 or Fig. 7 .2.

The method for designing of 2 three-phase ac transformers

Identical when the alternating voltage frequency of three AC transformer output, voltage peak is identical but phase place when inequality, the output port of three transformers connects by mode shown in Figure 8, just constituted three-phase ac transformer, wherein, in three transformers, transformer 2 is bigger 120 ° than the phase place of transformer 1, and transformer 3 is bigger 120 ° than the phase place of transformer 2, and transformer 1 is bigger 120 ° than the phase place of transformer 3

Eight exchange the design of input, interchange output transformer group

A plurality of single phase alternating current (A.C.) transformers connected in parallel can be formed the single phase alternating current (A.C.) transformer group, and the single phase alternating current (A.C.) transformer group requires that the frequency of each single-phase transformer is identical, phase place is identical, peak value is identical, and the AC transformer group must be demarcated observation circuit.

The three-phase ac transformer group is connected by mode shown in Figure 8 by the one-way communication transformer group and forms.

Nine exchange the design (summary) of input, the series connection of interchange output transformer output

Ten exchange the design (summary) of input, the series connection of interchange output transformer group output

11 exchange the design (summary) of input, the series connection of interchange output transformer group input, output parallel connection

12 exchange the design (summary) of input, the series connection of interchange output transformer group input, output series connection

The design of 13 frequency-changing AC transformers

The frequency-changing AC transformer is divided into single-phase frequency-changing AC transformer and three phase variable frequency AC transformer.The voltage of single-phase variable-frequency transformer input port is direct voltage, when the voltage of single-phase variable-frequency transformer input port is alternating voltage, convert three-phase alternating voltage to unidirectional voltage with three-phase commutation bridge, single-phase voltage is connected to the input port of unidirectional variable-frequency transformer.

(1) method for designing of single-phase frequency-changing AC transformer

Carry out parallel connection after recommending to adopt two transformer output rectifier bridges, two transformers operating frequency at one time equates, the amplitude of oscillating voltage equates 90 ° of phase phasic differences

The transformer that is in parallel recommends to adopt the basic circuit shown in Fig. 5 .1 or Fig. 5 .2, control the waveform of oscillating voltage with the method for curve voltage output, the amplitude curve voltage of waveform adopts sinusoidal wave, inner DC circuit adopts the method that capacitance partial pressure starts, secondary coil 2 is powered, output adopts the rectification circuit shown in Fig. 7 .1 or Fig. 7 .2, with the frequency change of digital-control circuit control sine voltage.

The method for designing of 2 three phase variable frequency AC transformer

Identical when the alternating voltage frequency of three three-phase ac transformers output, voltage peak is identical but phase place when inequality, the output port of three transformers connects by mode shown in Figure 8, just constituted the three phase variable frequency AC transformer, wherein, in three transformers, transformer 2 is bigger 120 ° than the phase place of transformer 1, and transformer 3 is bigger 120 ° than the phase place of transformer 2, and transformer 1 is bigger 120 ° than the phase place of transformer 3

The design of 14 frequency-changing AC transformer group

The design of frequency-changing AC transformer group is identical with the design of AC transformer group.

The design (summary) of 15 frequency-changing AC transformer group outputs series connection

The design (summary) of the series connection of 16 frequency-changing AC transformer group inputs, output parallel connection

The design (summary) of the series connection of 17 frequency-changing AC transformer group inputs, output series connection

Claims (35)

1: the design and production method that reduces transformer loss and volume

In existing design of transformer manufacture method, no matter be AC transformer or electronic transformer, think that all the energy exchange of transformer is the mutual conversion in electric field and magnetic field, the loss of transformer core is inevitable in the process of energy exchange, and the power output of transformer is relevant with the quality and the volume mathematics of transformer core; The method for designing of transformer no longer adopts the theory that change mutually in electric field and magnetic field among the present invention, can carry out electronics behind the capacitance voltage backswing point and forward quickens but utilize, and can avoid transformer core to produce loss in the process of forward quickening; By improving frequency of oscillation with the volume that reduces transformer core under the constant power; It is characterized in that: form oscillating circuit at primary coil port shunt capacitor, after-applied back-lash voltage is put in the capacitance voltage backswing in the oscillating voltage waveform, by the loss of forward quickening to reduce transformer core of back-lash voltage; The relation of utilizing the operating frequency of oscillating voltage to be directly proportional with the transformer power output, the operating frequency by improving transformer is with the volume that reduces transformer under the constant power; Capacitance voltage backswing transformer is made up of oscillating circuit, observation circuit, digital-control circuit, switching circuit, DC power-supply circuit, output port rectification circuit; In the course of work of transformer, DC circuit provides operating voltage to observation circuit and digital-control circuit, observation circuit provides monitor signal to digital-control circuit, digital-control circuit sends voltage signal to switching circuit, voltage signal control switch circuit, the work of switching circuit control oscillation circuit, the high frequency voltage waveform of transformer secondary output coil output is exported behind rectification circuit; Adopt different output rectification circuits, can realize direct voltage output, can realize alternating voltage output, can realize the output of frequency-changing AC voltage; Capacitance voltage backswing transformer can and be unified into transformer group by output port, and the output port of transformer or transformer group can be connected, and the input port of transformer or transformer group can be connected; The design parameter of transformer will method by experiment determine, determines that according to experimental technique the parameter area of components and parts, transformer do not have the parameter of adjusting in manufacture process.

2: the method for designing that reduces transformer loss

" forming oscillating circuit at primary coil port shunt capacitor; after-applied back-lash voltage is put in the capacitance voltage backswing in the oscillating voltage waveform; " described in the claim 1 by the loss of forward quickening to reduce transformer core of back-lash voltage, when finger applies back-lash voltage at the port of primary coil, oscillating circuit produces a waveform in a specific frequency range, in each cycle of waveform, all there are two capacitance voltage backswing points, when the back-lash voltage that is applied to the primary coil port occurred in after the capacitance voltage backswing point and is close to capacitance voltage backswing point, the waveform of oscillating circuit generation or not loss in iron core.It is characterized in that: at the port of primary coil capacitor in parallel, capacitor and iron core, primary coil forms oscillating circuit, the back-lash voltage that is applied to the primary coil port is except that first voltage waveform, remaining back-lash voltage waveform is applied to after the capacitance voltage backswing point and is close to capacitance voltage backswing point, the direction of back-lash voltage is identical with the direction of capacitance voltage, this back-lash voltage can be only the capacitance voltage backswing point of positive half cycle afterwards and be close to that capacitance voltage backswing point applies with the equidirectional back-lash voltage of capacitance voltage, or this back-lash voltage can be only in the capacitance voltage backswing point back of negative half period and be close to that capacitance voltage backswing point applies with the equidirectional back-lash voltage of capacitance voltage, also can be at all capacitance voltage backswing points back and be close to that capacitance voltage backswing point applies with the equidirectional back-lash voltage of capacitance voltage.

3: the method for designing that reduces volume of transformer

Described in the claim 1 " relation of utilizing the operating frequency of oscillating voltage to be directly proportional; increase the ratio of transformer power output and iron core quality by the operating frequency that improves transformer with the transformer power output; and then reduce the volume of transformer ", the power output of finger transformer is uncorrelated with the quality and the volume of transformer core, if: the power that capacitor and iron core carry out energy exchange is P1, the rated output power of transformer is P2, oscillating voltage peak value in the oscillating circuit is U1, the operating frequency of oscillating circuit is f, in capacitance voltage backswing transformer, capacitor in the oscillating circuit and iron core carry out energy exchange by primary coil, secondary coil output energy, power relation is: P1=4 * C * U1 ²* f, P2=0.667 * C * U1 ²* f when the volume of transformer is definite value, increases C value or increases the value that f value can increase P1 and P2, otherwise when P1 and P2 were definite value, increase C value or increase f value can reduce the volume of transformer.It is characterized in that: the power that iron core in the transformer and capacitor carry out energy exchange is P1=4 * C * U1 ²* f, the rated output power of transformer are P2=0.667 * C * U1 ²* f, when C and U1 are definite value, the number of turn that reduces primary coil can increase the f value, when the number of turn of elementary coil is definite value, the frequency of oscillation of a primary coil is definite value f1, frequency of oscillation during the identical parallel connection of primary windings of n is n * f1, increases the f value by parallel connection of primary windings and can reach the purpose that reduces volume of transformer.

4: the method for designing of oscillating circuit

" at primary coil port shunt capacitor; capacitor, primary coil and iron core form oscillating circuit " described in the claim 1, the feature of its oscillating circuit design parameter is: the design of condenser capacity value and operating frequency, the design of capacitor pin sectional area, the primary coil parameter designing, the secondary coil parameter designing, transformer core kind and specifications design.

5: " design of condenser capacity value and operating frequency; capacitor pin sectional area design " described in the claim 4, finger is a known conditions with the rated output power P2 of transformer and the voltage peak U1 of oscillating circuit, and the mathematical relationship of the operating frequency f of capacitor volume C and oscillating circuit is f=1.5 * P2 ÷ (C * U1 ²), the rated current that the capacitor pin passes through is Ic=4 * C * U1 * f.

6: " the primary coil parameter designing; secondary coil parameter designing " described in the claim 4, refer to that the peak value when the secondary coil oscillating voltage is U2, the number of turn of secondary coil is N2, when the number of turn of primary coil is N1, be the parameter that prerequisite is determined N1, N2 with the mathematic condition that satisfies N1=U1 ÷ U2 * N2; After N1, N2 determined, the operating frequency f2 of actual measurement oscillating circuit determined the quantity n of primary coil and secondary coil with mathematical relationship n=f ÷ f2; After N1, N2, n determined, the rated current by n primary coil was I1=4 * C * U1 * f, and the rated current by n secondary coil is I2=1.414 * P2 ÷ U2

7: " transformer core kind and the specifications design " described in the claim 4, refer to when the rated output power of transformer is smaller, should pay the utmost attention to and adopt the ferrite iron core kind; When the rated output power of transformer is bigger, should pay the utmost attention to amorphous iron core or ultracrystallite iron core kind; The specifications design of iron core should be paid the utmost attention to the reasonable laying of coil, and the primary coil coiling is best to have only 1 layer line circle in principle, and total number of plies should not surpass 3 layers, under the prerequisite that coil can rationally be laid, reduces the volume and the quality of transformer core as far as possible.

8: the method for designing of switching circuit

The switching circuit of indication divides unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer switch circuit and reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer switch circuit in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: the switching circuit of unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer is formed by being connected on the switching tube that oscillating circuit inputs or outputs on the port, and switch controlled is applied to the back-lash voltage of primary coil port; The switching circuit of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer is made up of switching tube and may command diode, switching tube is connected on the input port or the output port of oscillating circuit, can change the closure of oscillating circuit input port or output port and switching tube by the may command diode in the switching circuit, be applied to the direction of the back-lash voltage and the back-lash voltage of primary coil port by switch controlled.

9: the switching circuit of the unidirectional capacitance voltage backswing transformer described in the claim 8, refer to that the operating time when the oscillating circuit one-period is t0, the time that switching tube is opened at every turn is t, when the rated current of switching tube is Ik, kt=t/t0, the scope of t is 0.25 * t0≤t≤0.5 * t0, the rated current Ik=P2 ÷ of switching tube (kt * U), the value of t can be chosen in design process, also can choose in experimentation.

10: " switching circuit of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer ... can change the closure of oscillating circuit input port or output port by the may command diode in the switching circuit " described in the claim 8, the finger switching circuit can be made up of two may command diodes and two switching tubes, the positive pole of applied voltage is connected respectively to two ports of oscillating circuit by two may command diodes, two ports that connect oscillating circuit with two switching tubes respectively, when a diode in two may command diodes is opened another diode and is closed, the diode of opening can form series relationship with oscillating circuit with one of them switching tube, by open-minded to two may command diodes, the conversion of closing, realize the variation of switching circuit and oscillating circuit closure, wherein, the scope of the each service time t of switching tube is 0.25 * t0≤t≤0.5 * t0, the rated current Ik=0.5 of switching tube * P2 ÷ (kt * U), t can choose in design process, also can choose in experimentation.

11: " switching circuit of reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer ... can change the closure of oscillating circuit input port or output port by the may command diode in the switching circuit " described in the claim 8, the finger switching circuit also can be made up of four may command diodes and a switching tube, the positive pole of applied voltage is connected to two ports of oscillating circuit respectively by two may command diodes, two ports at oscillating circuit are connected on the switching tube with two may command diodes respectively again, by opening two diodes simultaneously and closing two diodes simultaneously, can realize the variation of switching tube and oscillating circuit closure, wherein, the scope of the time t that switching tube is opened at every turn is 0.25 * t0≤t≤0.5 * t0, the rated current Ik=0.5 of switching tube * P2 ÷ (kt * U), t can choose in design process, also can choose in experimentation.

12: the method for designing of observation circuit

Observation circuit described in the claim 1, finger provides the circuit of data for digital-control circuit, the work of the data control switch circuit that digital-control circuit provides according to observation circuit, it is characterized in that: all capacitance voltage backswing transformers all need to monitor the capacitance voltage backswing point time of origin of primary coil port or secondary coil port, monitoring primary coil port or the oscillating voltage peak value of secondary coil port or the magnitude of voltage of transformer output port; Power frequency output AC transformer also needs the a-c cycle of monitor input terminal mouth; The frequency conversion rate exchanges the frequency that output transformer need be monitored the transformer output port.

13: the method for designing of digital-control circuit

Digital-control circuit described in the claim 1 can be a computer, it also can be a single-chip microcomputer, its switching tube and may command diode output voltage signal in switching circuit, the switching time of the time width control switch pipe of the voltage signal that sends to switching tube, the voltage magnitude control switch pipe of the voltage signal that sends to switching tube allows the electric current that passes through; The voltage signal control oscillation circuit of sending to the may command diode and the conversion that is connected of switching circuit, it is characterized in that: in capacitance voltage backswing transformer, preset start-up parameter, send the starting resistor signal to switching circuit, start oscillating circuit work by digital-control circuit; In the course of work of oscillating circuit, digital-control circuit is in capacitance voltage backswing point back and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point and send voltage signal to switching circuit, and voltage signal control switch pipe applies back-lash voltage to oscillating circuit; The time width of the voltage signal that digital-control circuit sends to switching circuit and the operating frequency of FREQUENCY CONTROL oscillating circuit; The energy exchange power of the amplitude control oscillation circuit of the voltage signal that digital-control circuit sends to switching circuit and the amplitude of oscillating voltage; The energy exchange power of control oscillation circuit and the method for oscillating voltage amplitude can adopt constant voltage output control, can adopt curve voltage output control, can adopt upper voltage limit output control, can adopt Upper Bound Power output control; When oscillating circuit adopted two-way acceleration, digital-control circuit will be controlled opening and shutting off of may command diode, realized the in good time conversion of oscillating circuit and switching circuit closure.

14: " in the capacitance voltage backswing transformer; preset start-up parameter " described in the claim 13, first voltage signal parameter that the switching tube of index control circuit in switching circuit sends, this parameter comprises the time width of voltage signal, the waveform of voltage signal and the voltage magnitude of voltage signal, when the design work frequency of oscillating circuit is f, the time width of first voltage signal is t1=0.5 ÷ f, and the voltage magnitude of voltage waveform and first voltage signal will be determined with the method for experiment.

15: " digital-control circuit is in capacitance voltage backswing point back and be close to capacitance voltage backswing point and send voltage signal to switching circuit; voltage signal control switch pipe applies back-lash voltage to oscillating circuit " described in the claim 13, the operating time t0 and the capacitance voltage backswing point of the last one-period that the index control circuit provides according to observation circuit, in capacitance voltage backswing point back and be close to the switching tube of capacitance voltage backswing point in switching circuit and send voltage signal, the time width t of voltage signal is 0.25 * t0≤t≤0.5 * t0, t will according to the designing requirement of transformer power output and by experiment method determine the time width of the time width control back-lash voltage of voltage signal.

16: " control method can adopt constant voltage output " described in the claim 13, finger is in capacitance voltage backswing transformer, with the moving electron quantity in the iron core not the value of reaching capacity be prerequisite, when switching circuit allows the electric current that passes through to increase, the electric current that carries out energy exchange increases, the peak value of oscillating voltage will increase, when the electric current that allows to pass through when switching circuit is constant, the electric current that carries out energy exchange is a constant, the peak value of oscillating voltage is a constant just also, when the electric current that allows to pass through when switching circuit reduces, the electric current that carries out energy exchange reduces, the peak value of oscillating voltage will reduce, method is that observation circuit is set in transformer, the position of this observation circuit can be the primary coil port, it can be the secondary coil port, also can be the direct current or the ac output end mouth of transformer, and the standard voltage value that monitoring location is set is Ub, it is Ua that observation circuit provides the actual voltage value of real-time monitoring to digital-control circuit, digital-control circuit compares the order of magnitude of Ub and Ua, when Ua＞Ub, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit, when Ua＜Ub, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit.

17: " control method ... can adopt the output of curve voltage " described in the claim 13, finger is provided with the monitoring location of observation circuit in transformer, this monitoring location can be the primary coil port, it can be the secondary coil port, it also can be the output port of transformer, and the voltage equation that monitoring location is set is U (t), observation circuit provides the actual voltage value of real-time monitoring to digital-control circuit, work as t=ti, the actual voltage value that observation circuit provides to digital-control circuit is Ua (ti), and the magnitude of voltage that is resolved by curvilinear equation U (t) is Ub (ti), gets k=Ua (ti) ÷ Ub (ti), when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit, when k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage magnitude signal that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit.

18: " control method ... can adopt upper voltage limit output " described in the claim 13, finger is provided with an observation circuit at the input port of transformer, the standard voltage value of this port is U0, the magnitude of voltage of monitoring is U in real time, output port at primary coil port or secondary coil port or transformer is provided with an observation circuit, the standard voltage value of this port is Ub, and the monitoring voltage value is Ua in real time; During U 〉=U0, get k=Ua ÷ Ub, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit, when k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit; During U＜U0, get k=U0 ÷ U * Ua ÷ Ub, when k greater than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit, when k less than 1 the time, in an adjacent back waveform, the voltage signal amplitude that provides to switching circuit is provided digital-control circuit.

19: " control method ... can adopt Upper Bound Power output " described in the claim 13, finger is provided with observation circuit at the output port or the input port of transformer, the magnitude of voltage of monitoring circuit monitors output port or input port and current value, if: the standard voltage value of transformer output port is U20, the higher limit of power output is P20, the real-time voltage value of monitoring circuit monitors output port is U2, and the real-time current value is I2, has: P2=U2 * I2; As P2 during less than P20, according to the method for output port constant voltage control, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, the oscillating voltage that ensures output port is by constant voltage output; As P2 during greater than P20, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, make power output be not more than P20, reduced power output; In like manner, establish: the upper limit input power of transformer input port is P10, and the standard voltage value of input port is U10, and the real-time voltage value of monitoring circuit monitors input port is U1, and the real-time current value is I1, has: P1=U1 * I1; As P1 during less than P10, according to the method for input port constant voltage control, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, the oscillating voltage that ensures input port is by constant voltage output; As P1 during greater than P10, allow the electric current that passes through by digital-control circuit control switch circuit, make input power be not more than P10.

20: " when oscillating circuit adopts two-way acceleration; digital-control circuit sends opening and turn-offing of voltage signal control diode to the may command diode; realize the in good time conversion of oscillating circuit and switching circuit closure " described in the claim 13, refer in the reversible capacitance voltage backswing transformer, switching circuit is made up of switching tube and may command diode, the closure of may command diode control oscillation circuit and switching circuit, the opening and turn-offing of digital-control circuit control switch pipe; At digital-control circuit before switching tube sends voltage signal, the closure that digital-control circuit should be earlier sends voltage signal and control switch circuit and oscillating circuit to the may command diode adheres to specification, some need turn-off when also some need be opened when a plurality of may command diodes, digital-control circuit should turn-off the diode that need to turn-off earlier, after open the diode that need open.

21: the method for designing of DC power-supply circuit

DC power-supply circuit described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: utilize the electric capacity of two series connection to carry out dividing potential drop, carrying out capacitive reactance with a diode after the dividing potential drop isolates, wherein, the capacitance partial pressure formula is: (U0-Ua)/Ua=C1/C2, C1, C2 are two dividing potential drop capacitance values, U0 is the effective voltage value of transformer input port, Ua is the branch pressure voltage value, and when Ub was alternating voltage, alternating voltage is wanted earlier just can dividing potential drop behind over commutation.

22: the method output dc voltage of different phase parallel connection behind the transformer output rectification circuit

" adopting different output rectification circuits; can realize direct voltage output " described in claim is got, refer to that transformer is except that the method that adopts rectification, filtering realizes direct current output, can also adopt the method for different phase parallel connection to realize direct voltage output, it is characterized in that: the output port at the transformer secondary output coil connects rectification circuit, in parallel in the same way the rectification circuit output end mouth of identical transformer more than two, identical when the oscillating voltage frequency in each transformer, voltage peak is identical and phase place when inequality, transformer can output dc voltage.

23: a kind of method for designing of AC transformer output rectification circuit

" adopting different output rectification circuits ... can realize alternating voltage output or the output of frequency-changing AC voltage " described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output port at capacitance voltage backswing transformer secondary output coil connects two rectifier bridges, the parallel connection of two rectifier bridge input ports, get an opposite polarity port respectively and be unified into a port at the output port of two rectifier bridges, remaining two ports respectively connect behind the may command diode and are unified into a port, control opening and turn-offing of two may command diodes by digital-control circuit, can realize of the pattern output of voltage peak curve by alternating voltage; In parallel in the same way the rectification bridge output end mouth of identical transformer more than two, identical when the oscillating voltage frequency in each transformer, voltage peak is identical and phase place when inequality, transformer can output AC voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage.

24: a kind of method for designing of AC transformer output rectification circuit

" adopting different output rectification circuits ... can realize alternating voltage output or the output of frequency-changing AC voltage " described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output port at capacitance voltage backswing transformer secondary output coil connects a rectifier bridge, each output port at rectifier bridge connects two may command diodes, two may command diodes are connected respectively to the output port of transformer, by controlling opening and turn-offing of four diodes, can realize of the pattern output of voltage peak curve by alternating voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage; In parallel in the same way the rectification bridge output end mouth of identical transformer more than two, identical when the oscillating voltage frequency in each transformer, voltage peak is identical and phase place when inequality, transformer can output AC voltage or frequency-changing AC voltage.

25: the method for designing of transformer output parallel connection

" capacitance voltage backswing transformer can and be unified into transformer group by output port " described in the claim 1, when referring to carry out parallel connection behind a plurality of capacitance voltage backswing transformer rectification circuit output end mouths, if the output voltage of each transformer is unequal, output voltage after the parallel connection is the output voltage of the highest transformer of voltage, and the power output after the parallel connection is the power output of the highest transformer of voltage; If the output of each transformer is the direct voltage of direct voltage and the output of each transformer when equating, the power output after the parallel connection is each transformer power output sum; If the output of each transformer be the frequency, peak value of the alternating voltage of alternating voltage and the output of each transformer, when phase place is identical, the power output after the parallel connection is each transformer power output sum; If each transformer output is the frequency of the alternating voltage of alternating voltage and the output of each transformer, when identical the and phase place of peak value is inequality, and the voltage curve of the transformer group that is unified into output is the peak curve of each transformer oscillating voltage that is in parallel, power output is the crest voltage of one of them transformer and the product of this transformer rated current, it is characterized in that: the rear end at a plurality of capacitance voltage backswing transformer rectifying output circuits composes in parallel transformer group, at the transformer group output port terminal observation circuit is set, the direct voltage or the AC wave shape of the real-time monitoring output mouth of terminal observation circuit, a transformer group digital-control circuit is set in transformer group, and the terminal observation circuit provides real-time Monitoring Data to the transformer group digital-control circuit; The data of utilizing the terminal observation circuit to provide, the transformer group digital-control circuit is demarcated the observation circuit in each transformer; When transformer group started, the transformer group digital-control circuit was controlled each transformer bay and is started one by one at regular intervals; When transformer is worked, the running parameter that the transformer group digital-control circuit provides according to each transformer digital-control circuit, the quantity of control transformer work; According to design object, under the control of digital-control circuit, the gross power of the transformer output that is in parallel can equal each transformer power output sum; Under the control of digital-control circuit, the transformer that is in parallel can be exported individual event alternating voltage or individual event frequency-changing AC voltage, can export three-phase alternating voltage or three frequency-changing AC voltages.

26: " data of utilizing the terminal observation circuit to provide; the transformer group digital-control circuit is demarcated the observation circuit in each transformer " described in the claim 25, refer to when transformer group has m transformer, connect a load at the transformer group output port, this bearing power is less than the rated output power of any one transformer in the transformer group, monitoring location in each transformer is all primary coil or is all secondary coil, in calibration process, the dc voltage value of load or alternating voltage peak are a steady state value, when demarcating i transformer, has only i transformer work in the transformer group, the monitoring voltage of i transformer is U2i, and whole nominal datas of transformer group are U21, U22, U23, ... U2i......U2m; In the transformer course of work, when the monitoring voltage of each transformer be respectively Ua1, Ua2, Ua3 ... during Uai......Uam, as long as meet mathematic condition U21/Ua1=U22/Ua2=U23/Ua3......=U2i/Uai......=U2m/Uam, the output voltage of each transformer just equates.

27: " when transformer is worked; the running parameter that the transformer group digital-control circuit provides according to each transformer digital-control circuit; the quantity of control transformer work " described in the claim 25, refer to that each transformer is real-time transmitted to the transformer group digital-control circuit to running parameter, when the real output of transformer group during less than rated output power, the transformer group digital-control circuit is closed one or several transformers, but to guarantee a transformer job at least, when the real output of transformer group during greater than rated output power, the transformer group digital-control circuit is opened one or several transformers, until opening whole transformer work.

28: the method for designing of transformer or the series connection of transformer group output port

" output port of transformer or transformer group can be connected " described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the output port of transformer or transformer group is connected, output port and secondary coil and observation circuit are isolated, and the output port of transformer or transformer group forms independently voltage source; Each transformer output that is in series be the alternating voltage of direct voltage or same-phase, same frequency; The electric current of each transformer output that is in series equates and equals the electric current of the transformer output of output-current rating minimum.

29: the method for designing of transformer or the series connection of transformer group input port

" input port of transformer or transformer group can be connected " described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the input port of transformer or transformer group is connected, each transformer or transformer group are isolated each other, and the input port of each transformer or transformer group and output port are isolated; When applied voltage is U, when the transformer that is in series or the quantity of transformer group are N, the voltage of each transformer or transformer group input port is U/N, electric current by each transformer or transformer group primary coil is identical, and the frequency of the oscillating voltage that forms at each transformer port is identical, voltage magnitude is identical.

30: the manufacture method of transformer

" design parameter of transformer will method by experiment be determined; determine the parameter area of components and parts according to experimental technique; transformer does not have the parameter of adjustment in manufacture process " described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: according to the design of capacitance voltage backswing transformer, carry out the frequency experiment, carry out the power output experiment, carry out the experiment of components and parts scale error, carry out program debugging, in the manufacture process scale error of components and parts is controlled in allowed limits.

31: " the carrying out the frequency experiment " described in the claim 30, refer to that oscillating circuit and a switching tube connect into an experimental circuit, port applies direct voltage, signal waveform control switch plumber with signal source does, voltage waveform with oscilloscope observation primary coil port and secondary coil port, by the scan function of signal source, find out primary coil quantity and be at 1 o'clock and can form the operating frequency of capacitance voltage backswing point; If operating frequency does not reach designing requirement, the quantity of primary coil and primary coil is increased to 2, is near the twice point of 1 o'clock operating frequency in the coil number amount, by the scan function of signal source, finds out the operating frequency that forms capacitance voltage backswing point; If operating frequency does not still reach designing requirement, increase the quantity of primary coil and secondary coil once more, when only reaching requirement of experiment till.

32: " the carrying out the power output experiment " shown in the claim 30, after the experiment of fingering line frequency, on the secondary coil of experimental circuit, apply load, when switching tube is worked with rated current, by the number of turn of adjustment coil and the quantity of coil, make load reach the rated power of design.

33: " the carrying out program debugging " described in the claim 30 refers to that the state with specified input voltage and rated output power carries out program debugging earlier, makes its operate as normal in the enterprising line program debugging of whole circuit of the capacitance voltage backswing transformer of design; State with design maximum input voltage, minimal design input voltage carries out program debugging afterwards, makes its operate as normal; In the process of debugging routine,, carry out the frequency debugging by adjusting coil, up to reaching designing requirement if do not reach designing requirement.

34: " the carrying out the experiment of components and parts scale error " described in the claim 30, refer to earlier the capacitor in the oscillating circuit, iron core, three components and parts of coil be carried out the scale error experiment, find out the scope of scale error, when the direct index error of three components and parts and negative scale error two states, make the transformer can operate as normal; Afterwards, whole components and parts are carried out scale error experiment, find out the scope of scale error, when the direct index error of whole components and parts and negative scale error two states, make the transformer can operate as normal.

35: " control of the scale error of components and parts in allowed limits in the manufacture process " described in the claim 30, finger screens all components and parts, the actual error of all component parameters is in the error range that allows, the parameter that does not have adjustment in the manufacture process can be all qualified unless the product technical factor is outer.

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