CN1616168A

CN1616168A - Cutter for machining workpiece and method

Info

Publication number: CN1616168A
Application number: CN 200310114390
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·本－穆查
Original assignee: VALGUS Ltd
Current assignee: VALGUS Ltd
Priority date: 2003-11-13
Filing date: 2003-11-13
Publication date: 2005-05-18

Abstract

The machining cutter may be used in automatically machining small workpiece via different turning operations in a universal machine tool. The cutting blade is screwed to tool support and is reversible, and the conic mounting seat is provided with two conic clamps for fixing the screws. The reversible cutting blade may be used for different purposes, such as slotting, turning in different directions, machining thread and cutting. The central hole in the cutting blade is connected to the narrow trapeziform surface of the cutting blade via the slot, and the slot is wide enough for the rod part of the fixing screw to be installed in. Therefore, after loosening the fixing screw, the cutting blade may be taken out for re-installing. The screw is sleeved and may be operated from the back side of the tool support.

Description

Be used for mach cutter of workpiece and method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of being used for especially carries out mach cutter by turning to workpiece on universal machine.This cutter has cutter holder, cutter holder comprises the fixture with bar portion and clamping head thicker than bar portion, and be fixed on cutting tip on the cutter holder, blade have at least one normally two blades, be used for fixing the clamping area that the perforate of part and at least one and clamping head are used.Tool holder is useful on the clamping device of fixture.

Background technology

This cutter of cicada in German patent DE 3632296A and DE 4214355A.In the cutter of back one patent, fixture comprises pinching screw, and it stretches out by the circular port with circular cone faceted pebble in triangle or the trapezoidal cutting tip.

Especially under the situation of the omnipotent or automatic machine tool of the axle that is used to process very little precision optical machinery workpiece such as clock and watch etc., cutting tip and cutter holder are all very little.Owing to this universal machine has cutter wherein with orthoscopic or the rotary type tower tool changing frame installed of mode side by side very closely, and this lathe is operated in class Three usually continuously and have only trained personnel just to monitor other automatic operation of lathe, therefore, if for example must change cutter, will have problems so because of tool damage.In this case, need usually to wait for that installation personnel is that qualified assembler changes cutter.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cutter, cutting tip of the above-mentioned type and the method that is used to install cutting tip, wherein can be by not being that too skilled personnel change cutter and can not damage crudy, thus simplified tool changing.

The present invention includes the cutter with cutting tip, cutter is provided with the groove that perforate is linked to each other with the outward flange of cutting tip, and this groove has the width of the bar portion thickness that is not less than fixture.

Like this, after unclamping fixture, can be along the direction vertical, promptly up extract cutting tip usually out with the longitudinal extension direction of cutter holder, need not from cutter holder, fully take out or turn on fixture, fixture in most of the cases is a hold-down screw.Particularly in less and very difficult approaching cutter holder, this has constituted an important advantage.Fixture is preferably being in the cutter holder by the mode of being entangled, so it can not drop in the swarf box, and the fixture that drops in the swarf box all can't re-use usually.This method also makes it possible to select screw fixture in addition, for example cam clamp fixer.

If can be from the side opposite on the cutter holder, preferably can operate the purpose of fixture, can obtain another significant advantage so from both sides to realize clamping and unclamping with cutting tip.Therefore, can unclamp cutting tip, when especially for example being provided with interior clamping area (hexagon cavity, hex socket first-class) in shank of screw portion from the rear portion.Bonding face makes and can apply corresponding cutter from the rear portion in these, and this is because be fixed with a side of cutting tip on cutter holder, has reduced accessibility because of machine chuck usually.

Clamping head can be a general conical with relevant clamping area.Because preferably less than the lateral dimension of clamping head, therefore regardless of the size of groove, cutting tip all can form from centering the width of groove when tightening fixture.

Cutting tip preferably has at least one leg, and it has formed the gap and has tilted towards the gap.If cutting tip has symmetrical structure, two legs that formed the gap have so just formed a wedge shape locating surface, and it can match with the corresponding tilt face on the cutter holder, has produced the precision positioning of cutting tip with respect to cutter holder.This structure has guaranteed also no matter this gap is much, even when very big masterpiece is used on the cutting tip, these two fork-shaped legs can not have the trend that broadens yet.They are clamped together by the corresponding stop surface on the cutter holder, and its mode is the same with clip or clamp.Cutting tip is preferably turning or reversible plate, and therefore has two relative blades, uses this two blades by upset cutting tip on cutter holder.Therefore, in the both sides of its perforate, cutting tip has the corresponding conical surface.

In order to guarantee that cutting tip is pressed in certain pretension on the respective stop face of cutter holder, the relevant axis of the central axis of fixture and perforate or clamping area provided thereon should make the distance of they and stop surface or locating surface or spacing can make that cutting tip can produce the power that acts on the stop surface direction when clamp fixer.For this reason, the spacing of the central axis of clamping head and stop surface should be smaller than the central axis and the spacing between the locating surface of corresponding clamping area.Yet this is the part millimeter just, but still can guarantee automatically to tighten.

The present invention also provides a kind of cutting tip that is used for machine tool, and wherein cutting tip has the groove that perforate is linked to each other with the outward flange of cutting tip, and its width is not less than the width of bar portion.Blade is preferably triangular structure, has the hole that is in the approximate centre position and is located at the groove at place, a bight, and be preferably in addition that place, two bights is provided with blade.

Proposed by the invention when method fixing or that therefrom take off cutting tip is used in fixture and is in the released position on cutter holder the bar portion upper edge direction vertical from fixture with bearing of trend shift out or take off cutting tip.Fixture can turn and moves between released position and clamped position by screw thread, can prevent that also fixture from being unclamped further in the released position, thereby fixture is entangled.

But be pooled in these and other feature accessory rights requirement, specification and each accompanying drawing; individual event feature independent or combining form can realize in embodiments of the invention and other field, and the favourable structure with independent protective that can represent claim to protect.The application is divided into the general utility that several independent parts and subhead also can not limit following introduction.

Description of drawings

Come to introduce in more detail embodiments of the invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the side view according to cutter holder of the present invention with securing cutting tip.

Fig. 2 is the respective side with cutter holder of the cutting tip that unclamps from cutter holder.

Fig. 3 is the partial sectional view with cutter holder of the cutting tip of installing but not clamping.

Fig. 4 is and the corresponding diagram with cutting tip of clamping of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 has the significantly view of the cutter holder of the single face cutting tip of outstanding blade of band.

Fig. 6 is the perspective view of cutting tip.

Fig. 7 is the plane of cutting tip.

Fig. 8 is the side view of cutting tip.

Fig. 9 is the front view of the blade of cutting tip shown in Figure 6.

Figure 10 is the plane of partly cut-away of cutter that has the cutting tip of clamping.

Figure 11 has the not plane of the partly cut-away of the cutter of the cutting tip of clamping.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 to 4 has shown cutter 11 with the form of remarkable amplification.This cutter can be used in universal machine or the automatic lathe, can finish less and common accurate machine components in this lathe under once mounting.This relates to cylindrical turning and internal cylindrical turning, fluting, machining screw and other operation, and it ends at from being downcut workpiece by the bar of automatic chuck clamping.All these operate on the lathe carries out with auto-control mode, so lathe fully automatically turns round.For this reason, lathe has the complete locator (register) that is used for different cutting tools, and it can be arranged to the form of movable orthoscopic locator or turret head.These cutters all have blade, and blade has specific profile so that engage with workpiece in the mode of processing.Expect that according to cutter the machine tool type that is used for, these cutters are also referred to as " Switzerland's cutter ".

Cutter 11 has cutter holder 12 and cutting tip 13.Cutter holder is formed from steel, but is provided with the hole at the shank 14 that is used for being clamped on the lathe, has wherein filled hard alloy bar 15.Hard alloy bar 15 to be playing vibration damping in the mode described in the above-mentioned DE 4214355A, and this is owing to its material structure, especially the high elastic modulus of carbide alloy.

The other end at cutter holder is provided with cavity 16, and it has formed the mount pad of cutting tip 13.Be provided with two stop surfaces 17 in described cavity, it is inclined to towards the cavity central open.Form is that the axis 18 of fixture 19 of screw is vertical with cutter holder, and fixture passes cavity and is screwed in the screw thread 20 of cutter holder.

Be provided with the protuberance 21 that extends laterally in the zone that cutting tip is installed on cutter holder, wherein shank of screw portion 22 is contained in the darker dimple 23, and also can be in clamped condition (Fig. 4).

Fixture 19 has clamping head 24, the interior bonding face 26 that it has the clamping head surface 25 of taper and is used for locking key 27.Bonding face is configured to the clamping area of hexagon cavity or hex socket head.Clamping head shrinks to a certain extent towards bar portion, but its external diameter is greater than the shank of screw portion that comprises the screw thread of establishing thereon.

Split circlip 28 is inserted in the groove in the end of shank of screw portion 22, be in the released position at as shown in Figure 3 fixture 19, split circlip 28 can prevent that described fixture from producing fully from screw thread 20, this is because split circlip 28 is pressed on the bottom surface 29 of dimple 23.

Cutting tip 13 is the form of relatively thicker, trapezoidal little carbide alloy plate.The heart is provided with perforate 30 therein, and perforate 30 is passed round central axis 31 in the mode of circle.This opening is equipped with towards the both sides 32 of cutting tip to the conical recess of symmetry in either case, has so just formed clamping area 33, and clamping area 33 is constructed with angle and the diameter that matches with the clamping head surface 25 of fixture.Between two taper clamping areas 33, be provided with narrow cylinder open part 34.

Groove 36 leads to the perforate from the short trapezoidal faces 35 of cutting tip, and its width is made for it always can be enclosed within the shank of screw portion.The diameter of groove is bigger slightly than the diameter of shank of screw portion, promptly than the wide a few tenths of millimeter of shank of screw portion to one or two millimeter.Yet it is narrower than the external diameter of clamping area 33, make can with clamping head 24 compounding practices.Therefore, under clamped condition clamping head can be on the taper clamping area centering, can not enter into groove.

Cutting tip has formed leg-of-mutton, and its leg 37 that leads to the perforate both sides has locating surface 38 on its outer surface, and the angle of locating surface 38 and size and stop surface 17 match.

Two outward flanges of ladder frame have formed the blade 39 of cutting tip, and blade is ground or forms certain profile according to its intended purpose.Therefore as the result of complete symmetrical structure, cutting tip can be used as little turning plate and uses, and in two blades 39 all can engage with workpiece 40 in all cases.

Cavity 16 in the cutter holder has interior stop surface 41, and it engages with cutting tip 13.

Fig. 5 has shown cutter 11, and it is configured for having the cutting tip 13 of long and narrower blade 39, and this blade is for example applicable to downcutting larger-diameter workpiece.This cutting tip only has a blade, is not indexable therefore.Also be provided with all features of above-mentioned cutter in addition, the exception part is that some is different for the design of locating surface 38 and stop surface 17.Fixture 19 illustrates with section.

Fig. 6 to 9 clearly shows the design according to cutting tip of the present invention.Should be for accurate design with reference to these accompanying drawings.As can be seen, cutting tip is less, compact but still very firm.The size and the arm of force of relativity cutting force thereon, clamping area and stationary plane are all very big, and approach blade.Can easily produce this cutter from the sintered shapes of carbide alloy or sintered part, unique requirement is to carry out grinding.This compares with the traditional cutting tip that is provided with two screws has remarkable advantages.Exist the defective except installing in this case, cutting tip is longer, and is not too firm, thereby can cause vibration.

Figure 10 and 11 has shown with the roughly the same mode of Fig. 5 the plane of the cutter 11 of cutter holder 12 and cutting tip 13 to be housed.Should be noted in the discussion above that the annular lamina 50 that is provided with taper between the clamping head 24 of fixture 19 and relevant taper clamping area 33, therefore its shape and width adequate also are adapted to the corresponding clamping area 33 of cutting tip 13 in the clamping head surface.It plays pad, and protection clamping head surface 25 can not be subjected to making the damage at the edge of the groove 36 that clamping area 33 disconnects.As shown in figure 11, annular lamina 50 is also can taking off with clamping head 24 of unclamping, and therefore can take off cutting tip up.

In the embodiment of fixture shown in Figure 10 and 11 19 (cap screw) and locking key 37, need the split circlip 28 of form as shown in Figure 3 be set in shank of screw portion 22.The shaped portion 42 of locking key, 43 is the shaped portion that is in the hex socket head of a side, it is relevant with interior bonding face 44 in the shank of screw portion 22, the disk that forms retainer 51 has been fixed in the position that in the end with shaped portion 43 is preset distance a, it is enough big, thereby can be pressed in when unclamping screw 19 on the rear portion 48 of cutter holder 12.The form of the ring on being installed in locking key 27, retainer 51 also can be assigned to form by sleeve in the locking key lever portion or corresponding thickened section, and the distance of the end of itself and shaped portion 43 is a.

Method

The method that from Fig. 1 to 4, as can be seen cutting tip 13 is installed on the cutter holder or takes off from cutter holder.

Can operate fixture by locking key 27.As shown in Figure 3, locking key 27 has shaped portion 42 like the hex socket head in the one side, it can match with the bigger interior bonding face 26 in the clamping head 24, have the bonding face 43 of same type at the opposite side of the L shaped crooked shank of locking key 27, but its size is littler and can match with the interior bonding face 44 in the end face 45 of shank of screw portion 22.

Fig. 3 has shown the fixture 19 that is in its released position, and this moment, clamping head 24 was stretched from perforate 30, and

clamping area

25,33 does not engage each other.Fixture 19 is unscrewed to making split circlip 28 be pressed on the bottom surface 29 and therefore from cutter holder 14 can prevent the degree that screw is lost.

Cutting tip can be shown in Figure 2 mode from then on upwards release in the position, promptly release along the direction vertical with the longitudinal extension direction of cutter holder 14 so that replace, perhaps after with blade Rotate 180 degree, insert again to use another blade 39 with another blade.

Make fixture get back to clamped position by tightening (from clamping first side) after inserting blade, this is shown in Fig. 1 and 4.Clamping area 32 engages with clamping head surface 25 when this position, and with an one side 32 cutting tip is pressed on the stop surface 41.As the result that taper clamping area 33 is brought, cutting tip is from centering, and is pressed on the stop surface 17 with locating surface 38 by the help of the axial deviation between the

axis

18 and 31 of fixture and perforate.Therefore, cutting tip just along its lengthwise position and orientation with and lateral orientation be fixed on the cutter holder.

The clamping that is in the wedge shape locating surface 38 in the corresponding wedge shape mount pad of stop surface 17 also guaranteed by clamping head 24 the power on the leg that is applied to 37 groove 36 is broadened.Therefore, the cutting tip that the corresponding accurate grinding that can overturn is crossed or replace with another corresponding blade can not damage the accurate location of blade with respect to workpiece 40.Therefore, can change cutting tip, need not measure or installation procedure, especially not need to pull down cutter holder 14 from lathe by the personnel that do not undergo training.This itself makes fixture 19 approaching easily, and can be by locking key 27 being inserted in the bonding face 44 and the rear portion 48 opposite from the cutter holder with clamping head and cutting tip 13 operate.

Figure 10 and 11 has shown the cutter with the locking key that can operate from both sides.In fact, only operate from a side.Figure 10 has shown that tapered annular sheet 50 is between clamping area 33 and the clamping head surface 25, and thereby protection clamping head surface 25 is not tightened or the edge 52 (referring to Fig. 6 and 8) of cutting tip 13 on the damage of certain stock removal action.Annular lamina can be changed apace, and this is because fixture 19 can engage with clamping head and fully unclamps by a locking key and a hex socket shaped portion 42 thereof.

As mentioned above, fixture 19 is always screwed on from cutter holder rear portion 48 or is backed out in practice.For this reason, the spacing a between the end of stop surface 51 and locking key shaped portion 43 is arranged to make it shorter than the screw thread in the cutter holder 14 20.Therefore as shown in figure 10, locking key 27 can engage with corresponding interior bonding face 44, and hold-down screw 19 is rotated between clamped position (referring to Figure 10) and open position (referring to Figure 11).Yet, before hold-down screw 19 came out from screw thread 20 fully, because cutter holder rear portion 48 is provided with retainer 51, locking key 27 broke away from from the clamping area shaped portion 44 of thread rod part 22, therefore screw can't further unclamp, and it just can not drop out from screw thread 20 like this.This has just formed the automatic protection that prevents that fixture 19 from losing.

Claims

1. mach cutter that is used for workpiece (40) comprises:

Cutter holder (12), it has the fixture (19) of bar portion (22) and the clamping head (24) thicker than described bar portion, and

Can be fixed to the cutting tip (13) on the described cutter holder,

Wherein, described cutting tip has at least one blade (39), be used for the clamping area (33) that the perforate (30) of described fixture (19) and at least one and described clamping head (24) are used, described cutter holder (12) has the tensioning apparatus that is used for described fixture (19), described cutting tip has the groove (36) that described perforate (30) is linked to each other with the outward flange (35) of described cutting tip (13), and described groove has the width of the thickness that is not less than described bar portion (22).

2. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fixture (19) places described cutter holder (12) in the mode of being entangled.

3. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, can operate described fixture (19) from the rear portion (48) opposite with described cutting tip (13) on the described cutter holder (12), so that realize clamping and the purpose of unclamping.

4. cutter according to claim 2 is characterized in that, can operate described fixture from both sides.

5. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that described cutting tip is configured to turnover plate, and all has clamping area in the both sides of described perforate.

6. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fixture (19) is the screw that all has interior bonding face (26,44) at two end faces, and described tensioning apparatus is the internal thread in the described cutter holder.

7. cutter according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described screw engages with rotatable locking key (27), described locking key (27) has the depth of engagement (a) that engages with at least one described bonding face (44), described depth of engagement is subjected to the restriction of retainer (51) with respect to described cutter holder, makes the screw thread (20) of the described fixture of being rotated in of described locking key (19) be interrupted before breaking away from described cutter holder.

8. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described clamping head (24) and relevant clamping area (33) are general conical.

9. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with the pad (50) that adapts with it between described clamping head (24) and relevant clamping area (33).

10. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the width of described groove (36) is less than the lateral dimension of described clamping head (24).

11. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cutting tip (13) has at least one leg that has limited described groove (36) (37).

12. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cutting tip (13) has at least one locating surface (38), and described cutter holder (12) has at least one stop surface (17) that matches with described locating surface (38).

13. cutter according to claim 12 is characterized in that, is equipped with locating surface (17) on the both sides of described groove (36), it is in the outside of the described leg (37) that has limited described perforate (30).

14. cutter according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, described clamping head (24) and clamping area (33) are for taper and have central axis (18,31), described axis is located such that with respect to described at least one locating surface (38) and stop surface (17) central axis (18) of described clamping head is smaller from the spacing of described locating surface (38) from the central axis (31) of the described clamping area of gap ratio (33) of described stop surface (17).

15. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cutter holder (12) has shank (14), and described shank (14) is provided with carbide core (15).

16. cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cutter is the cutter that is used for the universal machine of turning processing.

17. cutting tip that is used for the mach cutter of workpiece (40), it can be fixed on the cutter holder (12) with the fixture (19) that comprises bar portion (22) and clamping head (24), described cutting tip (13) comprises at least one blade (39), be used for the perforate (30) of described fixture (19) and be used for the clamping area (33) of described clamping head (24), described cutting tip (13) has the groove (36) that described perforate (30) is linked to each other with the outward flange (35) of described cutting tip (13), and described groove has the width of the thickness that is not less than described bar portion (22).

18. cutting tip according to claim 17, it is characterized in that, described cutting tip is the triangle that has three bights, has the perforate (30) that is in approximate centre and is located at the groove (36) that a bight is located, and is provided with blade (39) at other place, two bights.

19. the method that a cutting tip (13) that is used for having perforate (30) is fixed to that cutter holder (12) is gone up or take off from described cutter holder, the fixture (19) that wherein has bar portion (22) and the clamping head (24) thicker than described bar portion can move between released position and clamped position, wherein, at described fixture (19) when being in the released position, described cutting tip (13) can be along shifting out or take off perpendicular to the direction of its bearing of trend bar portion (22) from described fixture (19).

20. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, the mode that described fixture (19) can turn is moved between described released position and clamped position, and described released position can prevent to unclamp further.