CN1614801A - Multi-component composite positive material for lithium ion battery and preparing method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-component composite positive material for lithium ion battery and preparing method thereof Download PDF

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CN1614801A
CN1614801A CNA2003101085244A CN200310108524A CN1614801A CN 1614801 A CN1614801 A CN 1614801A CN A2003101085244 A CNA2003101085244 A CN A2003101085244A CN 200310108524 A CN200310108524 A CN 200310108524A CN 1614801 A CN1614801 A CN 1614801A
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lithium ion
composite positive
positive pole
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element composite
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CN100342570C (en
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夏保佳
韩学武
曹辉
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Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G45/00Compounds of manganese
    • C01G45/12Manganates manganites or permanganates
    • C01G45/1221Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
    • C01G45/1228Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G45/00Compounds of manganese
    • C01G45/12Manganates manganites or permanganates
    • C01G45/1221Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
    • C01G45/1242Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/40Cobaltates
    • C01G51/42Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/40Cobaltates
    • C01G51/42Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
    • C01G51/44Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
    • C01G51/50Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40Nickelates
    • C01G53/42Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40Nickelates
    • C01G53/42Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • C01G53/44Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
    • C01G53/50Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/50Solid solutions
    • C01P2002/52Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
    • C01P2002/54Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
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    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The material of anode is composed of LiCoxNi2Mn1-x-yO2( 0.1 is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 0.6 is less than or equal to, 0.1 is less than or equal to y is less than or equal to 0.5, x+y is less than or equal to 1). In 2.8v-4.4v charge-discharge potential interval first specific discharge capacity is over 160 mAh /g. After 50 times cycling, the specific capacity is still above 150 mAh /g. The method includes following steps: firstly, nickel, cobalt and manganese compounds is selected; after dispensing a certain concentration solution it is mixed with alkali solution and is added into a given weight of additive; then it is continually agitated to generate even deposition; the above deposition is baked out and is mixed with lithium compounds, after making ball mill it is calcined in high temperature; through refining the anode material is obtained.

Description

Lithium ion battery multi-element composite positive pole material and preparation method thereof
Affiliated field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery with novel anode material and preparation thereof, relate to a kind of multi-element composite positive pole material and preparation method or rather, be used for lithium dynamical battery.Belong to field of energy source materials.
Technical background
At present, along with the fast development of portable electric appts such as mobile phone, digital camera, notebook computer, market is increasing to the demand of high power, high energy density cells.Lithium ion battery is the battery that voltage is the highest, energy density is maximum in the battery of practicability up to now, has bright development prospect.
In commercial at present anode material for lithium-ion batteries, lithium cobalt oxygen (LiCoO 2) rely on excellent cycle performance (reversible discharging and recharging greater than 500 times) and bigger discharge capacity (140mAh/g) and high discharge platform (3.9V/Li) to occupy the market share greater than 95%.But LiCoO 2Following shortcoming is also arranged: the one, cobalt belongs to rare metal, and the reserves in the earth's crust are few, so the price height, and cobalt is poisonous simultaneously, and is unfriendly to environment; The 2nd, LiCoO 2Thermal stability very poor, under the degree of depth discharges and recharges condition (charging cut-ff voltage greater than 4.2V) decomposition reaction easily takes place generates a large amount of heat, cause the overheated even blast of battery, influenced its application in macrocell (as electrokinetic cell etc.); The 3rd, LiCoO 2The Reversible Cycle capacity about 140mAh/g, available actual capacity has only about 130mAh/g.Therefore the positive electrode that seek cheap, environmental friendliness, has more high power capacity, a better thermal stability has important practical value to the development of lithium ion battery.
Since the eighties of last century the nineties, the low eco-friendly lithium nickel oxygen (LiNiO simultaneously of price 2), lithium manganese oxygen (LiMn 2O 4) be considered to most possibly to substitute LiCoO always 2Material.Nearly ten years studies show that, LiNiO 2The layer structure poor stability, stoichiometric LiNiO 2Be difficult at low temperatures synthesize, and the mixing occupy-place of lithium nickel can take place under the high temperature synthesis condition; Can synthesize LiNiO by accurate condition control (in oxygen atmosphere, 750 ℃ roasting temperature 24 hours) 2, it has higher initial capacity (initial charge capacity reaches 200mAh/g), but cycle performance is poor especially, and capacity promptly is lower than LiCoO after 10 circulations 2The LiMn that price is lower 2O 4Synthetic simple, but its capacity little (120mAh/g), and more fatal is, because the manganese ion of high price is easy to react LiMn with electrolyte under higher temperature 2O 4High temperature (50 ℃) cycle performance extreme difference.Therefore in the past several years, numerous electrochemical researchers have put into LiNiO with main energy 2, LiMn 2O 4Doping vario-property research in.In view of the character of nickel and cobalt close, LiCoO simultaneously 2Cyclical stability be better than LiNiO 2, therefore adopt the part cobalt to replace nickel to improve LiNiO 2The electrochemistry cycle performance approved by most researchers.From existing bibliographical information and this breadboard result of the test, laboratory scale LiNi xCo 1-xO 2The preparation of material has obtained success, LiNi xCo 1-xO 2With the sacrifice capacity is cost, has increased substantially the cycle performance of self, but still is lower than LiCoO 2LiNi xCo 1-xO 2Preparation technology compare LiCoO 2Complexity is also more done the requirement of raw material, causes production cost to rise, simultaneously LiNi xCo 1-xO 2Discharge potential than LiCoO 2About low 100mV, this has limited LiNi xCo 1-xO 2Large-scale industrial production.Another kind of positive electrode LiMn 2O 4Preparation technology ripe.Study on the modification mainly concentrates on the cycle performance that improves material by the doping of nickel, cobalt, rare earth metal, and document shows that the research of this respect has obtained certain result, but because LiMn 2O 4Molecular weight big, its theoretical specific capacity is on the low side (148mAh/g), being doomed it can't be at the market of lithium ion battery maximum one battery of mobile phone field and LiCoO 2Competition.Though can improve LiMn by modification 2O 4Normal-temperature circulating performance, but cycle performance under higher temperature does not still have the raising of matter, thereby can't be used as electrokinetic cell, further studies still in exploration at present.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome existing commercial positive electrode LiCoO 2Shortcoming, utilize a kind of method that combines solid phase method and liquid phase method advantage to prepare the novel lithium ion battery multi-element composite positive pole material of a class.
The invention provides the multi-element composite positive pole material of a kind of low cost, high reliability, its composition expression formula is: LiCo xNi yMn 1-x-yO 2, 0.1≤x in the formula≤0.6,0.1≤y≤0.5, x+y≤1.
Existing anodal material modification all is subjected to the influence of defect theory in the Solid-state Chemistry, adopt a little metal (Al, Co, Mg etc.) or nonmetallic ion (B, F etc.) to existing LiCoO 2, LiNiO 2, LiMn 2O 4Synthesize nickel, cobalt, the approaching brand-new multi-element compounds lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxygen positive electrode of manganese ratio by co-precipitation-high temperature crystallization process with layer structure.
It is raw material that the present invention selects nickel, cobalt, manganese compound for use, mixes with the aqueous slkali for preparing after being mixed with certain density solution, adds certain quantity of additive simultaneously; And carry out continuous stirring and make the precipitation that generates homogeneous.With this precipitation oven dry,, after refinement, promptly obtain final products LiCo again with lithium compound high-temperature calcination after the mixing and ball milling in proportion xNi yMn 1-x-yO 2
The compound of described nickel, cobalt, manganese can be sulfate, nitrate, chloride or the compound of any kind proportioning wherein.Transition metal total concentration scope is between 0.05mol/L~10mol/L.
It is described that what be used for coprecipitated nickel hydroxide, cobalt, manganese compound can be any alkali or ammoniacal liquor or both mixtures.The concentration of alkali has considerable influence to the speed of transition metal raw material precipitation and sedimentary granularity and pattern, generally is controlled between 0.05mol/L~10mol/L.
The additive of described use is for suppressing the surfactant that nucleus is reunited.Additive amount is 0~10 of a whole solution quality -2As PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), neopelex or the like.In coprecipitation technology, can the kind of additive and consumption remarkable to the co-precipitation influence that synthesize the performance homogeneous in this technology.The additive addition too much not only makes production cost improve, and has reduced settling velocity simultaneously, has prolonged the production cycle.
Described employed lithium source can be organic salt, inorganic salts or its hydroxide of lithium.
Described coprecipitated product is further mixed the back roasting with lithium compound after drying.Optimum calcination temperature is between 400~1100 ℃, and roasting time is relevant with the temperature of selection, and best roasting time is 1~30 hour.
In sum, multi-element compounds positive electrode LiCo provided by the invention xNi yMn 1-x-yO 2Combine LiNiO 2, LiCoO 2, LiMn 2O 4Three's advantage, its clear superiority are that production cost is low, specific capacity is high and Heat stability is good.At 2.8V~4.4V potential region, its first discharge specific capacity has surpassed 160mAh/g, and specific energy compares LiCoO 2High by about 10%, 50 times the circulation after still more than 150mAh/g.This material constantly can be used as battery of mobile phone, but also can be used for the used for electric vehicle lithium dynamical battery.The prepared process feature is that co-precipitation-high-temperature roasting technology is synthetic, and is practical simply again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the LiCo that the embodiment of the invention 1 provides 0.25Ni 0.375Mn 0.375O 2The XRD figure spectrum of positive electrode.
Fig. 2: the LiCo that provides with embodiment 1 0.25Ni 0.375Mn 0.375O 2Make the charging and discharging curve of the 10th circulation behind the button cell of negative pole assembling for anodal, lithium sheet.Abscissa is capacity (mAh), and left ordinate is voltage (V), and right ordinate is electric current (mA).
The LiCo that Fig. 3: embodiment 1 provides 0.25Ni 0.375Mn 0.375O 2Specific capacity-the cycle graph of material (potential region: 2.8V~4.4V is under the 0.5C multiplying power).Abscissa is a cycle-index, and ordinate is specific capacity (mAh/g).
Embodiment
Further specify substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and marked improvement below by specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
Embodiment 1: (Co: Ni: Mn=2: 3: 3, mol ratio) takes by weighing the solution that nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate are mixed with 4mol/L in proportion, slowly joins among the NaOH of 4mol/L.Mixing speed is 600rpm.Additive (neopelex) consumption is 10 of a solution quality -6Precipitation oven dry back mix with lithium carbonate (Li/Me (Ni+Co+Mn)=1.05) 600 ℃ of following roastings after 10 hours again 1000 ℃ of following crystallization 10 hours.Product of roasting promptly obtains end product LiCo after refinement 0.25Ni 0.375Mn 0.375O 2
Embodiment 2: (Co: Ni: Mn=1: 3: 3, mol ratio) takes by weighing the solution that nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride are mixed with 4mol/L in proportion, slowly joins in the ammoniacal liquor of 4mol/L.Additive is selected PVP for use, and consumption is 1/10 of a solution gross mass 6All the other are identical with embodiment one.Its XRD figure spectrum and charging and discharging curve are similar to Fig. 1-3.
Embodiment 3: (Co: Ni: Mn=1: 1: 1, mol ratio) takes by weighing the solution that nickel chloride, cobaltous sulfate, manganese nitrate are mixed with 6mol/L in proportion.The lithium source of selecting for use is a lithium oxalate.Do not add additive.All the other are with embodiment one.Its XRD figure spectrum and charging and discharging curve also are similar to Fig. 1-3.

Claims (6)

1. the novel lithium ion battery multi-element composite positive pole material of a class is characterized in that its composition expression formula of described positive electrode is: LiCo xNi yMn 1-x-yO 2, 0.1≤x in the formula≤0.6,0.1≤y≤0.5, x+y≤1.
2. by the preparation method of the described lithium ion battery of claim 1 with multi-element composite positive pole material, it is characterized in that selecting for use nickel, cobalt, manganese compound is raw material, being mixed with total concentration is that the aqueous slkali of 0.05mol/L~10mol/L mixes with concentration behind the solution of 0.05mol/L~10mol/L scope, adds whole solution quality 0~10 simultaneously -2Additive; And carry out continuous stirring and make the precipitation that generates homogeneous.Press LiCo with lithium compound after the drying xNi yMn 1-x-yO 2, make in high-temperature calcination between 400 ℃~1000 ℃, 1h~30h behind the mixed ball milling of x+y≤1 0.1≤x in the formula≤0.6,0.1≤y≤0.5.
3. by the preparation method of the described lithium ion battery of claim 2 with multi-element composite positive pole material, the compound that it is characterized in that described nickel, cobalt, manganese can be sulfate, nitrate, chloride or the compound of any kind proportioning wherein.
4. by claim 2 or 3 described lithium ion batteries preparation method, it is characterized in that the described coprecipitated nickel hydroxide, cobalt, manganese compound of being used for is alkali, ammoniacal liquor or both mixtures with multi-element composite positive pole materials.
5. use the preparation method of multi-element composite positive pole material by claim 2 or 3 described lithium ion batteries, it is characterized in that used additive is for suppressing surfactant neopelex or the PVP that nucleus is reunited.
6. use the preparation method of multi-element composite positive pole material by claim 2 or 3 described lithium ion batteries, it is characterized in that employed lithium source can be organic salt, inorganic salts or its hydroxide of lithium.
CNB2003101085244A 2003-11-07 2003-11-07 Multi-component composite positive material for lithium ion battery and preparing method thereof Expired - Lifetime CN100342570C (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100342568C (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-10-10 河北工业大学 Method for producing anode active material containing lithium, magnesium compound oxide
CN100444432C (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-12-17 河南师范大学 Nickel oxide mixed with cobalt manganese hydroxy base and preparation method thereof
CN102044664A (en) * 2010-11-10 2011-05-04 湘西自治州兴湘科技开发有限责任公司 Method for preparing nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary system anode material of lithium ion battery
CN102832385A (en) * 2012-08-31 2012-12-19 华南师范大学 Preparation method of high capacity lithium ion batteries cathode material Li[Li0.13Ni0.30Mn0.57]O2
CN105244495A (en) * 2015-10-08 2016-01-13 昆明理工大学 Preparation method for composite hydroxide nanosheet
CN105271444A (en) * 2015-10-08 2016-01-27 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of Ni-Co-Mn lithium ion battery electrode material
CN106898766A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-06-27 郑州科技学院 A kind of preparation method of tetrakaidecahedron shape nano nickel lithium manganate

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CN104882589B (en) * 2015-05-28 2017-03-22 清华大学深圳研究生院 Carbon-coated ternary anode material and preparing method thereof, and lithium ion battery

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JP4183374B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2008-11-19 三洋電機株式会社 Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100342568C (en) * 2005-09-15 2007-10-10 河北工业大学 Method for producing anode active material containing lithium, magnesium compound oxide
CN100444432C (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-12-17 河南师范大学 Nickel oxide mixed with cobalt manganese hydroxy base and preparation method thereof
CN102044664A (en) * 2010-11-10 2011-05-04 湘西自治州兴湘科技开发有限责任公司 Method for preparing nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary system anode material of lithium ion battery
CN102044664B (en) * 2010-11-10 2012-12-12 湘西自治州兴湘科技开发有限责任公司 Method for preparing nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary system anode material of lithium ion battery
CN102832385A (en) * 2012-08-31 2012-12-19 华南师范大学 Preparation method of high capacity lithium ion batteries cathode material Li[Li0.13Ni0.30Mn0.57]O2
CN105244495A (en) * 2015-10-08 2016-01-13 昆明理工大学 Preparation method for composite hydroxide nanosheet
CN105271444A (en) * 2015-10-08 2016-01-27 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of Ni-Co-Mn lithium ion battery electrode material
CN105271444B (en) * 2015-10-08 2017-03-22 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of Ni-Co-Mn lithium ion battery electrode material
CN106898766A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-06-27 郑州科技学院 A kind of preparation method of tetrakaidecahedron shape nano nickel lithium manganate

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