CN1614801A - Multi-component composite positive material for lithium ion battery and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-component composite positive material for lithium ion battery and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1614801A CN1614801A CNA2003101085244A CN200310108524A CN1614801A CN 1614801 A CN1614801 A CN 1614801A CN A2003101085244 A CNA2003101085244 A CN A2003101085244A CN 200310108524 A CN200310108524 A CN 200310108524A CN 1614801 A CN1614801 A CN 1614801A
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- lithium ion
- composite positive
- positive pole
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- element composite
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013292 LiNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical compound [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPABIEPZXNOLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxomanganese Chemical compound [Li].[Mn]=O CPABIEPZXNOLSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/50—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The material of anode is composed of LiCoxNi2Mn1-x-yO2( 0.1 is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 0.6 is less than or equal to, 0.1 is less than or equal to y is less than or equal to 0.5, x+y is less than or equal to 1). In 2.8v-4.4v charge-discharge potential interval first specific discharge capacity is over 160 mAh /g. After 50 times cycling, the specific capacity is still above 150 mAh /g. The method includes following steps: firstly, nickel, cobalt and manganese compounds is selected; after dispensing a certain concentration solution it is mixed with alkali solution and is added into a given weight of additive; then it is continually agitated to generate even deposition; the above deposition is baked out and is mixed with lithium compounds, after making ball mill it is calcined in high temperature; through refining the anode material is obtained.
Description
Affiliated field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery with novel anode material and preparation thereof, relate to a kind of multi-element composite positive pole material and preparation method or rather, be used for lithium dynamical battery.Belong to field of energy source materials.
Technical background
At present, along with the fast development of portable electric appts such as mobile phone, digital camera, notebook computer, market is increasing to the demand of high power, high energy density cells.Lithium ion battery is the battery that voltage is the highest, energy density is maximum in the battery of practicability up to now, has bright development prospect.
In commercial at present anode material for lithium-ion batteries, lithium cobalt oxygen (LiCoO
2) rely on excellent cycle performance (reversible discharging and recharging greater than 500 times) and bigger discharge capacity (140mAh/g) and high discharge platform (3.9V/Li) to occupy the market share greater than 95%.But LiCoO
2Following shortcoming is also arranged: the one, cobalt belongs to rare metal, and the reserves in the earth's crust are few, so the price height, and cobalt is poisonous simultaneously, and is unfriendly to environment; The 2nd, LiCoO
2Thermal stability very poor, under the degree of depth discharges and recharges condition (charging cut-ff voltage greater than 4.2V) decomposition reaction easily takes place generates a large amount of heat, cause the overheated even blast of battery, influenced its application in macrocell (as electrokinetic cell etc.); The 3rd, LiCoO
2The Reversible Cycle capacity about 140mAh/g, available actual capacity has only about 130mAh/g.Therefore the positive electrode that seek cheap, environmental friendliness, has more high power capacity, a better thermal stability has important practical value to the development of lithium ion battery.
Since the eighties of last century the nineties, the low eco-friendly lithium nickel oxygen (LiNiO simultaneously of price
2), lithium manganese oxygen (LiMn
2O
4) be considered to most possibly to substitute LiCoO always
2Material.Nearly ten years studies show that, LiNiO
2The layer structure poor stability, stoichiometric LiNiO
2Be difficult at low temperatures synthesize, and the mixing occupy-place of lithium nickel can take place under the high temperature synthesis condition; Can synthesize LiNiO by accurate condition control (in oxygen atmosphere, 750 ℃ roasting temperature 24 hours)
2, it has higher initial capacity (initial charge capacity reaches 200mAh/g), but cycle performance is poor especially, and capacity promptly is lower than LiCoO after 10 circulations
2The LiMn that price is lower
2O
4Synthetic simple, but its capacity little (120mAh/g), and more fatal is, because the manganese ion of high price is easy to react LiMn with electrolyte under higher temperature
2O
4High temperature (50 ℃) cycle performance extreme difference.Therefore in the past several years, numerous electrochemical researchers have put into LiNiO with main energy
2, LiMn
2O
4Doping vario-property research in.In view of the character of nickel and cobalt close, LiCoO simultaneously
2Cyclical stability be better than LiNiO
2, therefore adopt the part cobalt to replace nickel to improve LiNiO
2The electrochemistry cycle performance approved by most researchers.From existing bibliographical information and this breadboard result of the test, laboratory scale LiNi
xCo
1-xO
2The preparation of material has obtained success, LiNi
xCo
1-xO
2With the sacrifice capacity is cost, has increased substantially the cycle performance of self, but still is lower than LiCoO
2LiNi
xCo
1-xO
2Preparation technology compare LiCoO
2Complexity is also more done the requirement of raw material, causes production cost to rise, simultaneously LiNi
xCo
1-xO
2Discharge potential than LiCoO
2About low 100mV, this has limited LiNi
xCo
1-xO
2Large-scale industrial production.Another kind of positive electrode LiMn
2O
4Preparation technology ripe.Study on the modification mainly concentrates on the cycle performance that improves material by the doping of nickel, cobalt, rare earth metal, and document shows that the research of this respect has obtained certain result, but because LiMn
2O
4Molecular weight big, its theoretical specific capacity is on the low side (148mAh/g), being doomed it can't be at the market of lithium ion battery maximum one battery of mobile phone field and LiCoO
2Competition.Though can improve LiMn by modification
2O
4Normal-temperature circulating performance, but cycle performance under higher temperature does not still have the raising of matter, thereby can't be used as electrokinetic cell, further studies still in exploration at present.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome existing commercial positive electrode LiCoO
2Shortcoming, utilize a kind of method that combines solid phase method and liquid phase method advantage to prepare the novel lithium ion battery multi-element composite positive pole material of a class.
The invention provides the multi-element composite positive pole material of a kind of low cost, high reliability, its composition expression formula is: LiCo
xNi
yMn
1-x-yO
2, 0.1≤x in the formula≤0.6,0.1≤y≤0.5, x+y≤1.
Existing anodal material modification all is subjected to the influence of defect theory in the Solid-state Chemistry, adopt a little metal (Al, Co, Mg etc.) or nonmetallic ion (B, F etc.) to existing LiCoO
2, LiNiO
2, LiMn
2O
4Synthesize nickel, cobalt, the approaching brand-new multi-element compounds lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxygen positive electrode of manganese ratio by co-precipitation-high temperature crystallization process with layer structure.
It is raw material that the present invention selects nickel, cobalt, manganese compound for use, mixes with the aqueous slkali for preparing after being mixed with certain density solution, adds certain quantity of additive simultaneously; And carry out continuous stirring and make the precipitation that generates homogeneous.With this precipitation oven dry,, after refinement, promptly obtain final products LiCo again with lithium compound high-temperature calcination after the mixing and ball milling in proportion
xNi
yMn
1-x-yO
2
The compound of described nickel, cobalt, manganese can be sulfate, nitrate, chloride or the compound of any kind proportioning wherein.Transition metal total concentration scope is between 0.05mol/L~10mol/L.
It is described that what be used for coprecipitated nickel hydroxide, cobalt, manganese compound can be any alkali or ammoniacal liquor or both mixtures.The concentration of alkali has considerable influence to the speed of transition metal raw material precipitation and sedimentary granularity and pattern, generally is controlled between 0.05mol/L~10mol/L.
The additive of described use is for suppressing the surfactant that nucleus is reunited.Additive amount is 0~10 of a whole solution quality
-2As PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), neopelex or the like.In coprecipitation technology, can the kind of additive and consumption remarkable to the co-precipitation influence that synthesize the performance homogeneous in this technology.The additive addition too much not only makes production cost improve, and has reduced settling velocity simultaneously, has prolonged the production cycle.
Described employed lithium source can be organic salt, inorganic salts or its hydroxide of lithium.
Described coprecipitated product is further mixed the back roasting with lithium compound after drying.Optimum calcination temperature is between 400~1100 ℃, and roasting time is relevant with the temperature of selection, and best roasting time is 1~30 hour.
In sum, multi-element compounds positive electrode LiCo provided by the invention
xNi
yMn
1-x-yO
2Combine LiNiO
2, LiCoO
2, LiMn
2O
4Three's advantage, its clear superiority are that production cost is low, specific capacity is high and Heat stability is good.At 2.8V~4.4V potential region, its first discharge specific capacity has surpassed 160mAh/g, and specific energy compares LiCoO
2High by about 10%, 50 times the circulation after still more than 150mAh/g.This material constantly can be used as battery of mobile phone, but also can be used for the used for electric vehicle lithium dynamical battery.The prepared process feature is that co-precipitation-high-temperature roasting technology is synthetic, and is practical simply again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the LiCo that the embodiment of the invention 1 provides
0.25Ni
0.375Mn
0.375O
2The XRD figure spectrum of positive electrode.
Fig. 2: the LiCo that provides with embodiment 1
0.25Ni
0.375Mn
0.375O
2Make the charging and discharging curve of the 10th circulation behind the button cell of negative pole assembling for anodal, lithium sheet.Abscissa is capacity (mAh), and left ordinate is voltage (V), and right ordinate is electric current (mA).
The LiCo that Fig. 3: embodiment 1 provides
0.25Ni
0.375Mn
0.375O
2Specific capacity-the cycle graph of material (potential region: 2.8V~4.4V is under the 0.5C multiplying power).Abscissa is a cycle-index, and ordinate is specific capacity (mAh/g).
Embodiment
Further specify substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and marked improvement below by specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
Embodiment 1: (Co: Ni: Mn=2: 3: 3, mol ratio) takes by weighing the solution that nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate are mixed with 4mol/L in proportion, slowly joins among the NaOH of 4mol/L.Mixing speed is 600rpm.Additive (neopelex) consumption is 10 of a solution quality
-6Precipitation oven dry back mix with lithium carbonate (Li/Me (Ni+Co+Mn)=1.05) 600 ℃ of following roastings after 10 hours again 1000 ℃ of following crystallization 10 hours.Product of roasting promptly obtains end product LiCo after refinement
0.25Ni
0.375Mn
0.375O
2
Embodiment 2: (Co: Ni: Mn=1: 3: 3, mol ratio) takes by weighing the solution that nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, manganese chloride are mixed with 4mol/L in proportion, slowly joins in the ammoniacal liquor of 4mol/L.Additive is selected PVP for use, and consumption is 1/10 of a solution gross mass
6All the other are identical with embodiment one.Its XRD figure spectrum and charging and discharging curve are similar to Fig. 1-3.
Embodiment 3: (Co: Ni: Mn=1: 1: 1, mol ratio) takes by weighing the solution that nickel chloride, cobaltous sulfate, manganese nitrate are mixed with 6mol/L in proportion.The lithium source of selecting for use is a lithium oxalate.Do not add additive.All the other are with embodiment one.Its XRD figure spectrum and charging and discharging curve also are similar to Fig. 1-3.
Claims (6)
1. the novel lithium ion battery multi-element composite positive pole material of a class is characterized in that its composition expression formula of described positive electrode is: LiCo
xNi
yMn
1-x-yO
2, 0.1≤x in the formula≤0.6,0.1≤y≤0.5, x+y≤1.
2. by the preparation method of the described lithium ion battery of claim 1 with multi-element composite positive pole material, it is characterized in that selecting for use nickel, cobalt, manganese compound is raw material, being mixed with total concentration is that the aqueous slkali of 0.05mol/L~10mol/L mixes with concentration behind the solution of 0.05mol/L~10mol/L scope, adds whole solution quality 0~10 simultaneously
-2Additive; And carry out continuous stirring and make the precipitation that generates homogeneous.Press LiCo with lithium compound after the drying
xNi
yMn
1-x-yO
2, make in high-temperature calcination between 400 ℃~1000 ℃, 1h~30h behind the mixed ball milling of x+y≤1 0.1≤x in the formula≤0.6,0.1≤y≤0.5.
3. by the preparation method of the described lithium ion battery of claim 2 with multi-element composite positive pole material, the compound that it is characterized in that described nickel, cobalt, manganese can be sulfate, nitrate, chloride or the compound of any kind proportioning wherein.
4. by claim 2 or 3 described lithium ion batteries preparation method, it is characterized in that the described coprecipitated nickel hydroxide, cobalt, manganese compound of being used for is alkali, ammoniacal liquor or both mixtures with multi-element composite positive pole materials.
5. use the preparation method of multi-element composite positive pole material by claim 2 or 3 described lithium ion batteries, it is characterized in that used additive is for suppressing surfactant neopelex or the PVP that nucleus is reunited.
6. use the preparation method of multi-element composite positive pole material by claim 2 or 3 described lithium ion batteries, it is characterized in that employed lithium source can be organic salt, inorganic salts or its hydroxide of lithium.
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