Metal base diesel particulates catcher, exhaust gas treatment device and regeneration method
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the diesel particulates catcher, be specifically related to a kind of metal base diesel particulates catcher.
The invention still further relates to the treatment of diesel exhaust device that disposes metal base diesel particulates catcher.
The invention still further relates to the regeneration method of the particle trapper of above-mentioned treatment of diesel exhaust device.
(2) technical background
Diesel engine relies on its good power character, Economy and durability to be widely used in various power plant, but the pollution that particulate matter causes in the diesel exhaust gas has become the bottleneck that the restriction diesel engine is further used.Control and improvement for the diesel emission pollutant comprise the capture of particulate matter and the purification of HC and CO.
Particle trapper is the present leading products of diesel engine vent gas treatment technology in the world.From the eighties in last century, Germany, American-European and Japan just existing with the ceramic monolith filter application on the diesel engine of city bus and some mines, tunnelling works.
The filtering material multiselect of particle trapper ceramic honey comb, silicon carbide ceramics fiber, metal beehive and steel fiber braided fabric etc.Particle trapper by means such as interception, deposition with the particles agglomerate in the diesel exhaust gas in filter, it also can trap portion divides bring into play the property organic component.
The exploitation starting of external metal base particle trapper is morning, and obtains certain application.Develop a kind of foamed alloy as Japanese Sumitomo company, invent a kind of exhaust micro particle catching device (SAE 980187, and US 5830415) of diesel engine as matrix with three-dimensional network skeleton; A kind of particle trapper that is formed by multiple filtration bodies such as wire gaze, alumina fibre nets of Japan's NHK Spring company invention has filtering effect preferably; Rypos, Ind.And Bekaert company utilize a plurality of sintering metals to constitute filter, and product is just under development.
The patent of invention " the multilayer composite metal silk screen filter material that is used for the particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle catcher " of Tsing-Hua University's application in 2003 discloses a kind of multilayer composite metal silk screen filter material that is used for the particulates in exhaust gas from diesel vehicle catcher.FeCrAl alloy network by the different density degree is stacked together in certain sequence, and repressed, sintering forms.The particle trapper filter efficiency made from this material is higher lower with back pressure loss.But the filter efficiency of this catcher still remains to be improved, and manufacturing process steps is more numerous, and difficulty reaches designing requirement.
Have not yet to see desirable particulate and all can well hold back, have thermal conductive resin and intensity all size, and the low metal base diesel particulates catcher that is easy to make of cost.
The particulate accumulation of tackling in the particle trapper influences the proper functioning of diesel engine to the flow resistance that to a certain degree can increase exhaust, therefore must in time remove, and this process is referred to as the regeneration of particle trapper.The regeneration techniques of particle trapper also belongs to one of current difficult point.Just therefore, existing various diesel engine particle catcher technical products are difficult to extensive use at present.
For solving the carbon-collecting problem on the catcher, existing treatment of diesel exhaust Design of device adopts ceramic wall streaming honeycomb as particulate filter and add with oxidation catalyzer and handle tail gas, promptly add with ceramic honeycomb body or metallic honeycomb bodies be carrier, the oxidation catalyzer of load oxidation catalyst on it.Though particulate in the exhaust of oxidation catalyzer surface and organic substance be by catalytic combustion, its to the drawbacks limit of structure in the strict demand of oil product and the device its application.
The electric heating facility is installed in the venting gas appliance that also has, and the situation according to exhaust back pressure increases starts electric heating, makes the carbon deposit burning on the catcher.But when being applied to diesel-oil vehicle, energy consumption is big, influence power character, and operation is inconvenient.
Existing venting gas appliance all fails to make catcher obtain effective regeneration.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of novel metal base diesel particulates catcher, simple in structure, filtering effect is good.
Another object of the present invention is a kind of treatment of diesel exhaust device that disposes above-mentioned metal base diesel particulates catcher of design, and it has the automatic regeneration ability.
A further object of the present invention is the regeneration method of the particle trapper of a kind of treatment of diesel exhaust device of design.
The metal base diesel particulates catcher of the present invention design at least by 2 kinds of different-diameters, anti-more than 1000 ℃ the metal alloy wires of high temperature mix the cylindricality pieces that group is pressed into different proportionings.
The treatment of diesel exhaust device of the present invention's design comprises metal base particle trapper and the oxidation catalyzer in shell and the shell, and its housing main body is a tubular, and the inner cone tube that has suction port is sealedly attached to the tubular body rear and front end with the rear conical-tube that has the air outlet.Be alternate compact arranged metal base particle trapper and oxidation catalyzer in the tubular body, described metal base diesel particulates catcher at least by 2 kinds of different-diameters, anti-more than 1000 ℃ the metal alloy wires of high temperature mix with different proportionings and roll into a ball cylindricality pieces that are pressed into.Respectively there is an oxidation catalyzer front and back of metal base particle trapper, and this treatment of diesel exhaust device has 1 metal base particle trapper and 2 oxidation catalyzers at least.
The regeneration method of the catcher of exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention comprises the steps:
At first in fuel diesel, add the micro liquid catalyst of ppm level, improve diesel combustion effect in the diesel engine, with the formation of particulate matter in effective reduction exhaust;
Second is to use above-mentioned exhaust gas treatment device, the exhaust of diesel engine enters this treatment device from the suction port of inner cone tube, the gas that contains particulate is by the oxidation catalyzer metal base particle trapper middle with being clipped in oxidation catalyzer, partly by catalytic oxidation combustion, partly be caught the storage interception and stay on the catcher by particulate on the surface of oxidation catalyzer for CO, the HC in particulate and the exhaust.Oxidation catalyzer is owing to the temperature of delivery temperature and catalytic oxidation generation heats up gradually, its temperature can be up to more than 500 ℃, at this moment, because the metal base particle trapper has good thermal conductivity, be sandwiched between the oxidation catalyzer and and raise simultaneously with the temperature of its catcher that closely contacts, the particulate that is deposited on the catcher is an incendivity, realizes the automatic regeneration of catcher.
The advantage of metal base diesel particulates catcher of the present invention is: 1, to the micro particle filtering efficient height in the diesel engine vent gas; 2, thermal conductivity is good, has good anti-mechanical shock; 3, be easy to regeneration; 4, preparation process is simple, and cost is low, is suitable for and applies.
The advantage of treatment of diesel exhaust device of the present invention is: 1, this treatment device adopts new type of metal catcher and oxidation catalyst method alternately, remove the particulate matter in the diesel exhaust gas effectively, CO and HC to organic component in the exhaust carries out oxidation, purification simultaneously, filter efficiency reaches 70-90%, reduces the pollution of diesel engine to environment significantly; 2, particle trapper can automatic regeneration, and the exhaust back pressure loss is minimum, has guaranteed the unobstructed property that this treatment device is good, thereby it is good that the diesel powered performance of this product is installed, and oil changes is very little; 3, this apparatus structure compactness to pump-down process efficient height, is fit to be applied to be equipped with the various kinds of equipment of diesel engine, for example diesel-oil vehicle, ship, mine, engineering etc.
The advantage of the regeneration method of the catcher of exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention is: 1, at first added liquid catalyst in diesel oil, reduced the particulate in the diesel exhaust gas effectively, simultaneously adopted the present invention that the treatment of diesel exhaust device of metal base particle trapper is arranged efficiently again, pollutant in the exhaust is effectively removed, and filter efficiency reaches 70~90%; 2, this method cost is low, and is easy to implement, easy to utilize.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is this metal base diesel exhaust gas catcher structural representation;
Fig. 2 is this metal base treatment of diesel exhaust apparatus structure schematic representation.
(5) embodiment
The structure of metal base diesel exhaust gas catcher of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, for at least by 2 kinds of different-diameters, anti-more than 1000 ℃ the metal alloy wires of high temperature mix the cylindricality pieces that group is pressed into different proportionings, its diameter is 60~200mm, and its thickness is 3~20mm, and end face and bottom surface are the plane.The diameter of above-mentioned metal alloy wires is 0.05~0.4mm, can adopt FeCrAl alloy silk.By the different engine condition and the situation of fuel diesel, the proportioning difference wiry of different-diameter.The percent opening of catcher is 70~80%.For promoting the oxidation of particulate on the metal base particle trapper 4, above-mentioned metal alloy wires can apply oxidation catalyst.Oxidation catalyst is selected rare earth-transition metal-precious metal compound oxidizing catalyzer for use, and this kind catalyzer can effectively reduce the carbon soot particles firing point, promotes its burning.
Exhaust gas treatment device embodiment's of the present invention structure as shown in Figure 2, comprise metal base particle trapper 4 and oxidation catalyzer 3 in shell 2 and the shell, its housing main body is a tubular, its diameter is 60~200mm, and the inner cone tube 1 that has suction port is sealedly attached to the tubular body rear and front end with the rear conical-tube 5 that has the air outlet.Metal base particle trapper 4 that has in the tubular body and oxidation catalyzer 3, metal base particle trapper 4 and oxidation catalyzer 3 alternate tight arrangements, respectively there is an oxidation catalyzer 3 front and back of metal base particle trapper 4, and this treatment of diesel exhaust device has 1 metal base particle trapper 4 and 2 oxidation catalyzers 3 at least.
Metal base particle trapper 4 is above-mentioned metal base particle trapper of the present utility model.
Oxidation catalyzer 3 is for carrying the cylindricality carrier block of oxidation catalyst, and its cross section is identical with cylindrical outer casing inner chamber cross section, and its thickness is 30~100mm.The carrier of selecting for use is metal beehive or ceramic honeycomb, and hole density is 100~400 hole/square inches; Oxidation catalyst is selected rare earth-transition metal-precious metal compound oxidizing catalyzer for use.
According to diesel engine discharge capacity and engine condition, multistage metal base particle trapper 4 and oxidation catalyzer 3 are installed.Alternate compact arranged 1~4 metal base particle trapper 4 and 2~5 oxidation catalyzers 3 are arranged in the tubular body.Each oxidation catalyzer 3 is passed through in exhaust successively, metal base particle trapper 4, and exhaust is through multistage oxidizing fire and capture, and particulate wherein and organic component are by more effective removing.
When the long-time low speed driving of vehicle, delivery temperature is lower, may not reach particulate matter catalysis initiation temperature in this device, can make the particulate accumulation in the catcher, to a certain degree causing back pressure to rise.For in this this device electric heater can being installed, start electric heater, under idling, can heat catcher to 600 ℃, make carbon deposit burning removal it on, trap regeneration.
The regeneration method embodiment of the catcher of exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention is as follows:
(1) micro liquid catalyst of adding ppm level in fuel diesel, described liquid catalyst is for containing the organic solution of rare-earth elements of lanthanum and cerium at least, as organic solutions such as methyl alcohol or ethanol or diethyl carbonates, its addition is that per 100 liters of diesel oil add 1~10 milliliters of liquid catalyzer, determines addition according to diesel engine discharge capacity and diesel quality.
(2) the metal base treatment of diesel exhaust device of use the invention described above, 2 metal base particle trappers 4 and 3 oxidation catalyzers 3 are arranged in the tubular body, metal base particle trapper 4 and oxidation catalyzer 3 alternate tight arrangements, respectively there is an oxidation catalyzer 3 front and back of metal base particle trapper 4.Metal base particle trapper 4 is the FeCrAl alloy silk of three kinds of different-diameters, and diameter is respectively 0.05,0.1,0.4mm.Three kinds of alloy silks mix agglomerating backlash and are pressed into the cylindricality piece, and percent opening is 80%, and its cross section is identical with cylindrical outer casing inner chamber cross section, are the circle of diameter 120mm, and its thickness is 10mm, and end face and bottom surface are the plane.
Oxidation catalyzer 3 is for carrying the cylindricality carrier block of oxidation catalyst, and its cross section is identical with cylindrical outer casing inner chamber cross section, is the circle of diameter 120mm, and its thickness is 50mm.The carrier of selecting for use is metal beehive or ceramic honeycomb, and hole density is 100-400 hole/square inch; Oxidation catalyst is selected rare earth-transition metal-precious metal compound oxidizing catalyzer for use.
On probation on the diesel-oil vehicle of 5.7 liters of discharge capacities, use after testing that particulate only is 20% before using in this method final vacuum, and because of the catcher automatic regeneration, diesel-oil vehicle its property retention of travelling continuously after 5000 kilometers is good.When under identical conditions, using ceramic honeycomb catcher filtering exhaust, travel 300 kilometers and promptly can't continue to use because of the obstruction of catcher.