CN1599195A - Two-way power controller for superconducting energy-storage - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于超导储能的双向功率控制器，由电压源型逆变器、低频变压器和可控硅变换器组成，电压源型逆变器的直流侧与超导储能系统中电力控制用电压源型变换装置的直流侧相连接，交流侧与低频变压器的原边相连接，低频变压器的副边与可控硅变换器的交流侧相连接，可控硅变换器的直流侧与超导储能电感相连接。采用本发明双向功率控制器方案可以实现大功率的超导储能系统的功率控制，以及理想的直流电压稳定性控制性能。不需要增加另外的稳压装置，电路结构简单，效率高。
A bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage, consisting of a voltage source inverter, a low-frequency transformer and a thyristor converter, the DC side of the voltage source inverter and the voltage used for power control in the superconducting energy storage system The DC side of the source conversion device is connected, the AC side is connected to the primary side of the low-frequency transformer, the secondary side of the low-frequency transformer is connected to the AC side of the thyristor converter, and the DC side of the thyristor converter is connected to the superconducting storage can be connected inductively. By adopting the bidirectional power controller solution of the present invention, the power control of a high-power superconducting energy storage system and ideal DC voltage stability control performance can be realized. There is no need to add another voltage stabilizing device, the circuit structure is simple, and the efficiency is high.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于超导储能的双向功率控制器，属于超导应用的The invention relates to a bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage, belonging to superconducting applications
技术领域。technology field.
背景技术Background technique
随着高温超导材料的发现和电力电子技术的快速发展，超导储能(SMES)装置在电力系统中的应用越来越广泛。超导储能装置不仅可以用来调平负载，增大输电线路的输送功率极限，还可以改善电力系统稳定性，抑制电网频率和电压波动，减轻发电机的次同步振荡，缩短故障恢复时间等。SMES所用的电力控制装置是超导线圈和电网的能量交换装置，通过变压器与电网连接，它能独立控制超导线圈与电力系统的有功功率和无功功率交换。早期，SMES中的电力控制装置采用可控硅器件，系统中的功率因数总是滞后的，而且存在大量的低次谐波。因此，目前的超导储能(SMES)用电力控制装置多数是由电力电子开关元件构成的电压源型变换器，通过对电压源型变换器输出电压的幅值和相位进行控制，使之快速地调节系统的有功功率、无功功率(包括谐波)。With the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and the rapid development of power electronics technology, superconducting energy storage (SMES) devices are increasingly used in power systems. Superconducting energy storage devices can not only be used to balance loads and increase the transmission power limit of transmission lines, but also improve power system stability, suppress grid frequency and voltage fluctuations, reduce subsynchronous oscillations of generators, and shorten fault recovery time, etc. . The power control device used in SMES is an energy exchange device between the superconducting coil and the power grid. It is connected to the power grid through a transformer, and it can independently control the exchange of active power and reactive power between the superconducting coil and the power system. In the early days, the power control devices in SMES used thyristor devices, and the power factor in the system always lagged behind, and there were a large number of low-order harmonics. Therefore, most of the current power control devices for superconducting energy storage (SMES) are voltage source converters composed of power electronic switching elements. By controlling the amplitude and phase of the output voltage of the voltage source converter, the fast The active power and reactive power (including harmonics) of the system can be adjusted accordingly.
我们先来了解一下，在超导储能系统中双向功率控制器的工作原理。Let's first understand the working principle of the bidirectional power controller in the superconducting energy storage system.
为了实现超导储能电感与电力控制装置(如静止无功发生器、电力有源滤波器、动态电压恢复器等等)的双向功率传输，必须有一个能够完成将超导储能电感中磁场能量与电压源型变换装置进行能量的双向交换的装置，国外一般称之为双向斩波器(BI-DIRECTIONAL CHOPPER FORSMES)，而我们将它命名为双向功率控制器(BI-DIRECTIONAL POWERREGULATOR FOR SMES)，其在用于电力系统的超导储能系统中的位置如图1所示。In order to realize the two-way power transmission between superconducting energy storage inductors and power control devices (such as static var generators, power active filters, dynamic voltage restorers, etc.), there must be a magnetic field that can complete the superconducting energy storage inductors. The device for two-way energy exchange between energy and voltage source conversion device is generally called a bidirectional chopper (BI-DIRECTIONAL CHOPPER FORSMES) abroad, and we named it a bidirectional power controller (BI-DIRECTIONAL POWERREGULATOR FOR SMES) , its position in the superconducting energy storage system used in the power system is shown in Figure 1.
当超导储能系统从电网中吸收有功功率时，起电压支撑作用的直流电容(参见图2中C所示)上电压将升高，双向功率控制器工作在充电方式，使得这部分有功能量储存于超导储能电感中，维持直流电容上电压恒定。而当超导储能系统向电网中发出有功功率时，起电压支撑作用的直流电容上电压将降低，双向功率控制器工作在放电方式，使得储存于超导储能电感中的有功能量对直流电容释放，维持直流电容上电压恒定。When the superconducting energy storage system absorbs active power from the grid, the voltage on the DC capacitor (shown as C in Figure 2) that acts as a voltage support will rise, and the bidirectional power controller works in the charging mode, making this part functional The energy is stored in the superconducting energy storage inductor to maintain a constant voltage on the DC capacitor. When the superconducting energy storage system sends active power to the grid, the voltage on the DC capacitor that acts as a voltage support will decrease, and the bidirectional power controller works in the discharge mode, so that the active energy stored in the superconducting energy storage inductor will The DC capacitor is released to maintain a constant voltage on the DC capacitor.
再来看一下现有超导储能用双向斩波器电路的基本形式及工作原理。Let's take a look at the basic form and working principle of the existing bidirectional chopper circuit for superconducting energy storage.
现有超导储能用双向斩波器电路的基本形式如图2所示，它是由两个单向斩波器合成：电力电子开关T1和二极管D1构成第一个斩波器，电力电子开关T2和二极管D2构成第二个斩波器，图中Lsc表示超导储能电感，箭头表示电流方向，C表示直流电容。其工作原理是，通过控制电力电子开关T1、T2的开通和关断时间，实现对流过超导储能电感Lsc的电流和直流电容C上电压的控制。在T1、T2同时开通时，直流电压加在超导储能电感Lsc上，且电压方向与电流方向相同，双向斩波器工作在充电模式。在T1、T2同时断开时，直流电压反向加在超导储能电感Lsc上，超导储能电感Lsc中的能量向直流电容C释放，双向斩波器工作在放电模式。而T1、T2中只有一个开通时，双向斩波器的输出电压为零，超导储能电感Lsc中能量维持不变。The basic form of the existing bidirectional chopper circuit for superconducting energy storage is shown in Figure 2. It is composed of two unidirectional choppers: the power electronic switch T1 and the diode D1 constitute the first chopper, and the power electronic The switch T2 and the diode D2 constitute the second chopper. In the figure, Lsc represents the superconducting energy storage inductance, the arrow represents the direction of the current, and C represents the DC capacitance. Its working principle is to control the current flowing through the superconducting energy storage inductor Lsc and the voltage on the DC capacitor C by controlling the turn-on and turn-off times of the power electronic switches T1 and T2. When T1 and T2 are turned on at the same time, the DC voltage is applied to the superconducting energy storage inductor Lsc, and the voltage direction is the same as the current direction, and the bidirectional chopper works in the charging mode. When T1 and T2 are disconnected at the same time, the DC voltage is reversely applied to the superconducting energy storage inductor Lsc, the energy in the superconducting energy storage inductor Lsc is released to the DC capacitor C, and the bidirectional chopper works in the discharge mode. When only one of T1 and T2 is turned on, the output voltage of the bidirectional chopper is zero, and the energy in the superconducting energy storage inductor Lsc remains unchanged.
双向斩波器的电路结构简单，所用电力电子元件也较少，但其缺点也非常明显。首先，大功率的电力电子开关元件与超导储能电感直接串联，承受与超导储能电感相同的电流，而超导储能电感的电流承受能力远远超过目前的大功率的电力电子元件(可以达到数千甚至数万安培)，导致超导储能效率受到抑制。其次，为达到大型超导储能系统大功率交换的要求，电力电子元件应承担更高的电压(数千伏)。而现有双向斩波器由于开关频率很低，因而导致直流电压侧的电压波动剧烈，必须采用其他复杂的电压稳定装置才能解决，使得电路结构非常复杂，效率也大大降低。同时，上述的原因也限制了更大功率超导储能系统的实现。目前，双向斩波器已经在小型超导储能装置中得到了应用，但应用效果并不理想。The circuit structure of the bidirectional chopper is simple, and the power electronic components used are less, but its disadvantages are also very obvious. First of all, high-power power electronic switching elements are directly connected in series with superconducting energy storage inductors, and can bear the same current as superconducting energy storage inductors, and the current bearing capacity of superconducting energy storage inductors far exceeds current high-power power electronic components. (can reach thousands or even tens of thousands of amperes), resulting in the suppression of superconducting energy storage efficiency. Secondly, in order to meet the high-power exchange requirements of large-scale superconducting energy storage systems, power electronic components should bear higher voltages (thousands of volts). However, due to the low switching frequency of the existing bidirectional chopper, the voltage fluctuation on the DC voltage side is severe, and other complicated voltage stabilization devices must be used to solve the problem, which makes the circuit structure very complicated and the efficiency is greatly reduced. At the same time, the above reasons also limit the realization of higher power superconducting energy storage systems. At present, bidirectional choppers have been applied in small superconducting energy storage devices, but the application effect is not ideal.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服现有双向斩波器的缺点，提供一种易于实现大功率超导储能的、控制直流电压稳定的用于超导储能的双向功率控制器。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing bidirectional choppers and provide a bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage that can easily realize high-power superconducting energy storage and control DC voltage stability.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：一种用于超导储能的双向功率控制器，其特征是由电压源型逆变器、低频变压器和可控硅变换器组成，所述的电压源型逆变器的直流侧与超导储能系统中电力控制用电压源型变换装置的直流侧相连接，其交流侧与所述的低频变压器的原边相连接，低频变压器的副边与所述的可控硅变换器的交流侧相连接，可控硅变换器的直流侧与超导储能电感相连接。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: a bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage, which is characterized by a voltage source inverter, a low-frequency transformer and a thyristor converter. The DC side of the voltage source inverter is connected to the DC side of the voltage source conversion device for power control in the superconducting energy storage system, and its AC side is connected to the primary side of the low-frequency transformer, and the secondary side of the low-frequency transformer One side is connected with the AC side of the thyristor converter, and the DC side of the thyristor converter is connected with the superconducting energy storage inductor.
本发明的有益效果如下：首先，采用本发明的双向功率控制器方案可以实现大功率的超导储能系统的功率控制。电压源型逆变器由可控的电力电子开关元件组成，当采用多电平技术或逆变器级联技术等新型电路形式就可以利用工作电流较低(几百安培以内)的电力电子开关元件构成大功率的电压源型逆变器，较低的工作电流使得电力电子开关元件可以工作很高的开关频率下。通过采用高频载波调制技术，电压源型逆变器输出载波频率高而基础频率低(如50Hz/60Hz工频)的交流电，经过低频变压器(频率一般为50Hz或60Hz工频)降压后提供给可控硅变换器，通过选取合适的低频变压器变比，可以使电压源型逆变器工作于高电压小电流的工况，而可控硅变换器工作于低电压大电流的工况。可控硅是目前容量最大(可达8000V/8000A以上)、技术最成熟的一种电力电子元件，具有控制简单、工作效率高的特点，特别适合大容量可控整流/逆变的应用，但它的缺点是控制频率低，且不能自关断。用可控硅变换器直接对超导储能电感进行功率的双向控制正好符合可控硅元件电流大、频率低的特点。另外，利用不同形式的串联、并联技术，可以实现由多个电压源型逆变器、低频变压器和可控硅变换器组成的更高容量和更大电流的超导储能用双向功率控制器。理论上，这样的超导储能用双向功率控制器的容量由于不受电力电子元件容量的限制，可以达到100MW/10KA以上。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: First, the power control of a high-power superconducting energy storage system can be realized by adopting the bidirectional power controller scheme of the present invention. The voltage source inverter is composed of controllable power electronic switching elements. When new circuit forms such as multi-level technology or inverter cascading technology are used, power electronic switches with low operating current (within hundreds of amperes) can be used. The components form a high-power voltage source inverter, and the low operating current enables the power electronic switching components to work at a high switching frequency. By adopting high-frequency carrier modulation technology, the voltage source inverter outputs alternating current with high carrier frequency and low basic frequency (such as 50Hz/60Hz power frequency), which is provided after being stepped down by a low-frequency transformer (generally 50Hz or 60Hz power frequency). For the thyristor converter, by selecting a suitable low-frequency transformer ratio, the voltage source inverter can work in the high voltage and low current working condition, while the thyristor converter can work in the low voltage and high current working condition. Thyristor is currently the largest capacity (up to 8000V/8000A or above) and the most mature technology of a power electronic component. It has the characteristics of simple control and high work efficiency, and is especially suitable for the application of large-capacity controllable rectification/inversion. Its disadvantage is that the control frequency is low, and it cannot be turned off automatically. The two-way control of the power of the superconducting energy storage inductor directly by the thyristor converter is just in line with the characteristics of the thyristor element with large current and low frequency. In addition, using different forms of series and parallel technologies, it is possible to realize a bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage with higher capacity and higher current consisting of multiple voltage source inverters, low-frequency transformers and thyristor converters. . Theoretically, the capacity of such a bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage can reach more than 100MW/10KA because it is not limited by the capacity of power electronic components.
其次，采用本发明的双向功率控制器方案可以实现理想的直流电压稳定性控制性能。如上面所述，与直流电压侧相连的电压源型逆变器因为工作电流较低，电力电子开关元件可以工作在很高的开关频率下，因此可以实现对直流电压的高频控制，这样直流电压将表现为高频率、低振幅的波动。不需要增加另外的稳压装置，电路结构简单，效率也大大提高。Secondly, the ideal DC voltage stability control performance can be realized by adopting the bidirectional power controller solution of the present invention. As mentioned above, because the voltage source inverter connected to the DC voltage side has a low operating current, the power electronic switching elements can work at a very high switching frequency, so high-frequency control of the DC voltage can be realized, so that the DC The voltage will appear as high frequency, low amplitude fluctuations. There is no need to add another voltage stabilizing device, the circuit structure is simple, and the efficiency is greatly improved.
总之，本发明的双向功率控制器方案相比于现有的双向斩波器，具有功率大，控制性能好的优点，符合当今超导储能应用大容量、大电流的发展趋势。In a word, compared with the existing bidirectional chopper, the bidirectional power controller scheme of the present invention has the advantages of large power and good control performance, and is in line with the development trend of large capacity and high current in the application of superconducting energy storage today.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为用于电力系统的超导储能系统原理框图。Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a superconducting energy storage system used in a power system.
图2为现有技术的双向斩波器电原理图。FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of a bidirectional chopper in the prior art.
图3为本发明用于超导储能的双向功率控制器原理框图。Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of a bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage according to the present invention.
图4为本发明实施例1电原理图。Fig. 4 is an electrical schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例2电原理图。Fig. 5 is an electrical schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例3电原理图。Fig. 6 is an electrical schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面参照附图并结合三个实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with three embodiments.
如图4所示的实施例1为100KW/1000A小功率的用于超导储能的双向功率控制器，它由一个两电平三相电压源逆变器INV、一个三相工频变压器(频率为50Hz或60Hz)Tr和一个三相共阴极可控硅半桥变换器SCR组成。其中两电平三相电压源逆变器INV输出线电压为400V，输出相电流为150A。工频变压器Tr为D/Y0接法的100KVA三相变压器。三相共阴极可控硅半桥变换器SCR的输出直流电压为100V(逆变时为-100V)，输出电流为1000A。图中C为直流电容，Lsc为超导储能电感。Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 4 is a 100KW/1000A low-power bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage, which consists of a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter INV, a three-phase power frequency transformer ( The frequency is 50Hz or 60Hz) Tr and a three-phase common-cathode thyristor half-bridge converter SCR. Among them, the INV output line voltage of the two-level three-phase voltage source inverter is 400V, and the output phase current is 150A. The power frequency transformer Tr is a 100KVA three-phase transformer with D/Y 0 connection. The output DC voltage of the three-phase common-cathode thyristor half-bridge converter SCR is 100V (-100V during inverter), and the output current is 1000A. In the figure, C is a DC capacitor, and Lsc is a superconducting energy storage inductance.
如图5所示的实施例2为500KW/2000A中等功率的用于超导储能的双向功率控制器，它由一个三电平三相电压源逆变器TLI、一个三相工频变压器Tr和一个三相可控硅全桥变换器SCR组成。其中三电平三相电压源逆变器TLI的输出线电压为1000V，输出相电流为300A。工频变压器Tr为D/Y0接法的500KVA三相变压器。三相可控硅全桥变换器的输出直流电压为250V(逆变时为-250V)，输出电流为2000A。图中C1、C2为直流电容，Lsc为超导储能电感。Embodiment 2 shown in Figure 5 is a 500KW/2000A medium-power bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage, which consists of a three-level three-phase voltage source inverter TLI and a three-phase power frequency transformer Tr And a three-phase thyristor full-bridge converter SCR composition. Among them, the output line voltage of the three-level three-phase voltage source inverter TLI is 1000V, and the output phase current is 300A. The power frequency transformer Tr is a 500KVA three-phase transformer with D/Y 0 connection. The output DC voltage of the three-phase thyristor full-bridge converter is 250V (-250V when inverting), and the output current is 2000A. In the figure, C1 and C2 are DC capacitors, and Lsc is a superconducting energy storage inductor.
如图6所示的实施例3为1000KW/2000A大功率的用于超导储能的双向功率控制器，它由两个三电平三相电压源逆变器TLI1和TLI2、一个双绕组工频变压器Tr和一个三相可控硅全桥变换器SCR组成。其中每个三电平三相电压源逆变器输出线电压为1000V，输出相电流为300A。工频变压器Tr为Y/Y/D接法的1000KVA三相双绕组变压器。三相可控硅全桥变换器SCR的输出直流电压为500V(逆变时为-500V)，输出电流为2000A。图中C11、C12、C21、C22为直流电容，Lsc为超导储能电感。Embodiment 3 shown in Figure 6 is a 1000KW/2000A high-power bidirectional power controller for superconducting energy storage, which consists of two three-level three-phase voltage source inverters TLI1 and TLI2, a double-winding Frequency transformer Tr and a three-phase thyristor full-bridge converter SCR. The output line voltage of each three-level three-phase voltage source inverter is 1000V, and the output phase current is 300A. The power frequency transformer Tr is a 1000KVA three-phase double-winding transformer with Y/Y/D connection. The output DC voltage of the three-phase thyristor full-bridge converter SCR is 500V (-500V when inverting), and the output current is 2000A. In the figure, C11, C12, C21, and C22 are DC capacitors, and Lsc is a superconducting energy storage inductor.
对于更大功率的超导储能系统，本发明控制器可以由三个及其以上的大功率电压源型逆变器、三个及其以上的低频变压器和三个及其以上的可控硅变换器连接组成，实现功率合成，完成大功率超导储能双向控制。大功率电压源型逆变器可以是多电平电压源逆变器、级联式逆变器等，低频变压器可以是三绕组或多绕组变压器。For a higher power superconducting energy storage system, the controller of the present invention can be composed of three or more high-power voltage source inverters, three or more low-frequency transformers, and three or more thyristors Converters are connected to realize power synthesis and complete bidirectional control of high-power superconducting energy storage. High-power voltage source inverters can be multi-level voltage source inverters, cascaded inverters, etc., and low-frequency transformers can be three-winding or multi-winding transformers.
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| CN100571007C (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2009-12-16 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Bi-directional multi-level soft-switching DC/DC for superconducting energy storage and its voltage-side phase-shift control method |
| CN111308347A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-19 | 西南科技大学 | A generator test system and method |
| CN113013887A (en) * | 2021-03-07 | 2021-06-22 | 天津大学 | Superconducting active filter with energy storage function for superconducting energy pipeline |
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| JP2543336B2 (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1996-10-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Superconducting coil energy storage circuit |
| JPH06327171A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | Electric-power storage apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100571007C (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2009-12-16 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Bi-directional multi-level soft-switching DC/DC for superconducting energy storage and its voltage-side phase-shift control method |
| CN111308347A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-19 | 西南科技大学 | A generator test system and method |
| CN111308347B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2022-05-31 | 西南科技大学 | Generator testing system and method |
| CN113013887A (en) * | 2021-03-07 | 2021-06-22 | 天津大学 | Superconducting active filter with energy storage function for superconducting energy pipeline |
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