CN1598857A - Method for optimizing slope of open-pit mine - Google Patents
Method for optimizing slope of open-pit mine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to strip mine's slope beside hill optimization. It belongs to strip mine's slope beside hill engineering technology field. Its steps are: build GIS data module; build side slope stabilization three dimension limit balance analysis module based GIS; realize arithmetic of three dimension module based on GIS and side slope optimization. Adopting GIS space analysis function, engineering geology, geography condition and hydrogeology information relative to side slope stabilization is presented into data structure, database design, space data analysis method etc. in GIS data model. Information relative to side slope of stratum, structure face, water table etc are presented through GIS data layer. All input data are converted in form of grid. The data are ground height, vergence direction, tile angle, ground water, ground floor, slip surface and physical mechanics parameters of space distribution. Each three dimension grid column unit can descript a kind of geography information relative to stabilization analysis of ground, stratum, slip surface etc. Adopting the invention, side slope can be optimized to reduce amount of ripping rock and production shell-exploit rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to surface mine slope project technical field, particularly a kind of three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis method based on GIS.
Background technology
To large surface mine, improving slope angle is the important means that fully reclaims resource, reduces overburden amount, reduces production costs.The Analysis of Slope Stability of present stage and optimize the two-dimentional limit equilibrium analysis method that extensively adopts has been ignored the three-dismensional effect of side slope, and the result is generally relatively conservative and increase construction costs.Studies show that, under same condition, the big 10-30% of the three-dimensional security coefficient ratio of side slope two dimension safety coefficient.In addition, the stability problem of side slope depends on the factors such as landform, stratum, rock-soil mechanics parameter and underground water that are the complex space distribution, but these information are difficult in the general Analysis of Slope Stability program and obtain effective analysis management and Data Update.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the domestic ratio of China's surface mine side slope ultimate pit slope angle actual conditions of low about 5 degree abroad, consider the three-dismensional effect of side slope, purpose is to utilize to provide a common platform to handle the Geographic Information System of complex space information (GIS) technology, side slope is optimized, reduce rock-peeling quantity, reduce and produce stripping ratio.
GIS is a system that carries out data capture, input, operation, conversion, visual, merging, retrieval, analysis, modelling and output.GIS provides a kind of multi-functional instrument to carry out spatial data analysis and performance, its corresponding data all are stored in the spatial database, shortened the time that data are prepared and handled greatly, and GIS can handle the information from the different pieces of information source, and the GIS data mode becomes the form of master data preferably that spatial data is handled.
Although many slip-stick artists and researchist know the GIS technology, analysis ability that it is powerful and potential are not also known very well.The problem that relevant mostly research and application are confined to big zone (small scale) is as land-use analysis, regional environment analysis and watershed hydrologic analyses etc.In fact the application in engineering in small-scale (large scale) also is possible.
For the side slope three-dimensional problem, its stability depends on the factors such as landform, stratum, rock-soil mechanics parameter and underground water that complex space distributes, carry out effective analysis management but the information of these space distributions is difficult in the general slope stability analysis program, the renewal of data is also very loaded down with trivial details.And GIS provides a public platform to handle these complicated spatial informations just.
The present invention is based on GIS expansion module of COM (Component Object Model) technological development, adopt Hovland three-dimensional model, Hungr three-dimensional model, three-dimensional extended Hungr three-dimensional model, Lam and the Fredlund three-dimensional model of two-dimentional Janbu model, old ancestral's illuminate three-dimensional model.These several models all are based on unified data structure and unified algorithm, are convenient to Data Update and comparative analysis research like this.
The present invention includes the foundation of the GIS data model of side slope, based on the foundation of the three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis model of the stability of slope of GIS, realize and side slope optimization based on the algorithm of GIS three-dimensional model.
The GIS expansion module can be embedded in operation among the GIS software ArcGIS (software of the GIS of ESRI), also can be mounted to other GIS software based on the COM technology.Because ArcGIS itself also is based on COM technology (ArcObjects) exploitation, therefore can develop various professional expansion modules in GIS with any COM development language.Its all data processing is all handled in ArcGIS, is that final side slope three-dimensional security coefficient calculations is utilized expansion module.
The three-dimensional model of Hovland is considered the effect of earthquake load therein.The stressed of each cylinder unit side of this model assumption is zero, though its limitation and error are arranged, because its three-dimensional security coefficient can directly calculate, its result of calculation will improve the efficient of iterative computation greatly as the initial value of other model.
Hungr is in the three-dimensional extended model of the 1987 two-dimentional Bishop models that propose.Because safety coefficient is an implicit expression, need carry out iterative computation.
Hungr need carry out iterative computation equally in the three-dimensional extended model of the 1989 two-dimentional Janbu models that propose.
Lam and Fredlund be in 1993 three-dimensional models that propose, and can be three-dimensional model with two-dimentional Spencer model and two-dimentional Morgenstern-Price model extension with the computing method of this model.
The three-dimensional model of exploitation such as Chen Zuyu, this model can be described as the three-dimensional extended of two-dimentional Spencer model.Need carry out iterative computation equally.
Because all models all are based on unified data structure and unified algorithm, it is unified that safety coefficient is calculated required input data, so the relatively calculating of a plurality of models can not influence computing time substantially.
Utilization compares different side slope schemes based on the three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis method of the slope stability of GIS, and then safety coefficient is minimum but be optimal case greater than 1.15 scheme.
Employing is that rock-peeling quantity is reduced in the mine based on the three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis method of GIS, increases ultimate pit slope angle, and one of practicable effective way of reduce mining cost, increasing economic efficiency has wide application prospect.
The present invention is optimized the stope side slope, can reduce rock-peeling quantity significantly, reduces and produces stripping ratio.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. level line and (or) relief is converted into the raster data form, Fig. 1 a represent from level line or three-dimensional line and three-dimensional polygon and (or) relief is converted into the synoptic diagram of raster data form.Fig. 1 b represents the relation of an actual plot and raster data.
Fig. 2. actual side slope and its GIS data set
Fig. 3. the three-dimensional plot of gliding mass and the tomograph of a certain cylinder
Fig. 4. the calculation procedure process flow diagram
Fig. 5. stability of slope three dimensional analysis model and ArcGIS
TMThe integration concept map
Fig. 6. a three-dimensional model is used for the particular flow sheet that Side Slope Safety Coefficient is calculated
Point is 1, and level line is 2, and interpolation is 3, and raster data is 4, the raster data collection is 5, and actual gliding mass is 6, and abstract in the GIS data Layer is 7, ground is 8, fault surface is 9, and aspect 2 is 10, and aspect 1 is 11, and underground water is 12, sliding surface is 13, and the vector data layer is 14, and the raster data collection is 15, spatial analysis is 16, and stratum 1 is 17, and stratum 2 is 18, stratum 3 is 19, and stratum 4 is 20, and the face of land is 21.
Embodiment
The maximum depression mining depth of certain outdoors iron ore is 430m (a 350m level), and final side slope maximum vertical height is 660m.On the one hand, improving slope angle is fully to reclaim resource, reduce production costs, increase one of important means of exploitation benefit.To glory-hole, slope angle improves 1 °, just can reduce the tens million of tons of overburden amount, and economic benefit is very remarkable.On the other hand, along with increasing of side slope is steep, exploitation difficulty and stope failure probability are increasing, and the exploitation security worse and worse.In order to solve this a pair of contradiction, must carry out the research of side slope design optimization, under the premise that security is guaranteed, improve slope angle as far as possible, reduce overburden amount.
The three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis method based on GIS is adopted in the optimization of this ore deposit side slope, promptly sets up GIS data model → foundations based on the stability of slope three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis model of GIS → based on the algorithm realization → side slope optimization of GIS three-dimensional model.Be embodied in:
1, GIS data model: the main method of setting up the form of expression, data structure, database design and the spatial data analysis among GISs such as engineering geology, geographical conditions and hydrogeological information relevant etc. with slope stability.The information relevant with side slope such as stratum, structural plane and underground water table represent by the GIS data Layer that in GIS they can be raster data or vector data.Three kinds of citation forms of vector data are that (Polygon), its corresponding attribute data is kept in the database point-line-surface for Point, Line.Each geometric format can have its distinctive visual form of expression in GIS, as representing a river with the line of a blue look, and the also boundary line that can show the river with the face collection (Polygon) of a blue look.Utilize the GIS spatial analysis functions, vector data all can be converted into the raster data based on a certain attribute.Raster data is to represent that with the grid evenly cut apart a raster data collection is represented a property value, as elevation etc.For a side slope, can represent ground elevation, each stratum, discontinuity surface, underground water and physical and mechanical parameter etc. respectively with one group of raster data collection.
Raster data with landform illustrates GIS raster data model.The raster data form of numerical value landform (DEM) is that continuous face of land absolute altitude is represented with equally distributed small grid cell, and a grid has an absolute altitude value, promptly represents the plot surface with a square-shaped planar in a grid scope.When enough hour of grid cell, this raster data form can be represented complicated continuous ground surface shape.In general, the ground elevation numerical value that obtains at first often show as level line and (or) relief, the absolute altitude numerical value of these two kinds of forms can be converted into the raster data form easily in GIS, as Fig. 1.If level line and (or) precision and the density of relief is enough, transfers the raster data form to after can directly generating TIN (Triangleated Irregular Network); And for raw data itself not enough and can adopt the multiple interpolation method interpolation that provides among the GIS when wishing to obtain continuous ground surface after form raster data.In the raster data model, represent a kind of attribute with the value of grid cell.In general, raster data adopts unified cell size, and the direction of unit is by the decision of X-Y axle, and the border of unit is parallel to the X-Y axle, and grid presents square.The coordinate in data structure available cell size, ranks number and the lower left corner of raster data is described.
2, based on the three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis model of the stability of slope of GIS
For an actual side slope as shown in Figure 2, adopt the GIS spatial analysis functions, all input data (as the physical and mechanical parameter of ground elevation, vergence direction, pitch angle, underground water, stratal surface, slipping plane and presentation space distribution) all can be converted into the form of grid cell.If therefore adopt a three-dimensional model, just can derive the buckling safety factor that a three-dimensional model based on raster data calculates side slope based on the cylinder unit.As shown in Figure 3, with a 3 d grid cylinder unit (corresponding to each grid cell) all kinds of geographical geological informations relevant with stability analysis such as ground, stratum, slipping plane can be described.
3, realize based on the algorithm of GIS three-dimensional model
The algorithm of the three-dimensional Limit Equilibrium Model of above-mentioned stability of slope all is achieved in a program based on GIS.Concrete operations step such as Fig. 4.This program based on COM technological development finish.Its user interface shows as the expansion module of a GIS software, and so data processing can directly be utilized the GIS function.All space distribution informations relevant with side slope are all abstract to be GIS raster data layer, utilizes a plurality of three-dimensional models can relatively calculate side slope three-dimensional security coefficient.In addition, representing with a Polygon data set that the scope of gliding mass, the horizontal direction of earthquake horizontal acceleration coefficient and consolidation effect are always tried hard to keep exists in its corresponding attribute data.Mechanics parameter on the sliding surface adopts the Polygon data set to represent that for different mechanics parameter subregions, available different Polygon represents.
This method can make the overall slope angle of each geology subregion improve 1 °～6 ° respectively, can reduce more than 3,000 ten thousand tons of rock-peeling quantities, in addition, according to analysis result, the rational side slope design proposal and the stable maintenance measure that propose, side slope is stable in department's assurance mining process, avoids because stopping production that the side slope unstability causes and security incident loss are enhanced productivity.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of optimizing the surface mine side slope, it is characterized in that optimizing the three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis method of employing, promptly set up GIS data model → foundation based on the three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis model of the stability of slope of GIS → based on the algorithm realization → side slope optimization of GIS three-dimensional model based on GIS.
2, optimize the method for surface mine side slope according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis method of GIS has adopted Hovland three-dimensional model, Hungr three-dimensional model, three-dimensional extended Hungr three-dimensional model, Lam and the Fredlund three-dimensional model of two-dimentional Janbu model, old ancestral's illuminate three-dimensional model;
The three-dimensional model of Hovland is considered the effect of earthquake load therein, and the stressed of each cylinder unit side of model assumption is zero, and its three-dimensional security coefficient can directly calculate, and its result of calculation is as the initial value of other model;
The Hungr three-dimensional model is the three-dimensional extended of two-dimentional Bishop model;
The three-dimensional extended of two dimension Janbu model is that Hungr (1989) proposes;
Lam and Fredlund three-dimensional model are 1993 propositions, can be three-dimensional model with two-dimentional Spencer model and two-dimentional Morgenstern-Price model extension;
Old ancestral's illuminate three-dimensional model is the three-dimensional extended of two-dimentional Spencer model.
3, optimize the method for surface mine side slope as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the present invention is based on GIS expansion module of COM technological development, the GIS expansion module is embedded among the GIS software ArcGIS and moves.
4, as the method for optimization surface mine side slope as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that the engineering geology relevant, geographical conditions and the hydrogeological information method that takes the form of data structure, database design and spatial data analysis in the GIS data model etc. with slope stability; The information relevant with side slope such as stratum, structural plane and underground water table represent by the GIS data Layer that in GIS they can be raster data or vector data; Three kinds of citation forms of vector data are point-line-surfaces, and its corresponding attribute data is kept in the database, and each geometric format can have its distinctive visual form of expression in GIS; Utilize the GIS spatial analysis functions, vector data all can be converted into the raster data based on a certain attribute; Raster data is to represent that with the grid of evenly cutting apart a raster data collection is represented a property value, for a side slope, can represent ground elevation, each stratum, discontinuity surface, underground water and physical and mechanical parameter etc. respectively with one group of raster data collection.
5, as the method for optimization surface mine side slope as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that adopting the GIS spatial analysis functions, the physical and mechanical parameter input data that all ground elevations, vergence direction, pitch angle, underground water, stratal surface, slipping plane and presentation space distribute all are converted into the form of grid cell, can be used for describing all kinds of geographical geological informations relevant with stability analysis such as a kind of ground, stratum, slipping plane corresponding to each 3 d grid cylinder unit.
6, as the method for optimization surface mine side slope as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, the algorithm that it is characterized in that the three-dimensional Limit Equilibrium Model of stability of slope all is achieved in a program based on GIS, this program based on COM technological development finish, its user interface shows as the expansion module of a GIS software, data processing can directly be utilized the GIS function, all space distribution informations relevant with side slope are all abstract to be GIS raster data layer, utilizes a plurality of three-dimensional models relatively to calculate side slope three-dimensional security coefficient.
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101400873A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2009-04-01 | Bhp比利顿创新公司 | Waste disposal during pit mining |
| CN102236103A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-09 | 杨世奇 | Automatic obstacle avoidance optimization design technology of three-dimensional seismic exploration acquisition observation system based on geographic information |
| CN101514553B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-05-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Soil slope stability analysis method based on limit equilibrium theory and stress analysis |
| CN102536245A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2012-07-04 | 赵文奎 | Method for calculating bottom width and mining depth of open-pit mining for large and thick ore body |
| CN103135128A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-06-05 | 重庆大学 | Three-dimensional slope stability prediction method under earthquake load effect |
| CN103266617A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-08-28 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for computing optimal anchoring angle of rock slope wedge |
| CN105765582A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-07-13 | 伊迈格创新技术学院 | Method and system for assessing a risk of high-energy earth bursts generated by underground mining |
| CN106801422A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-06 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of open-pit slope Structural shape optimization |
| CN106874649A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-20 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of homogeneous slope stability_intensity reduction method INSTABILITY CRITERION |
| CN106951504A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-14 | 北京科技大学 | Based on the computational methods that the dynamic analysis of slope of eigentone is stable |
| CN107503750A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Waste Dump inside Open Pit Mine presser feet, which is hung, helps parallel building method |
| CN108491575A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-09-04 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of computational methods for Side Slope Safety Coefficient of being paddled based on digital terrain progress reservoir |
| CN110245429A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-17 | 贵州正业工程技术投资有限公司 | Convex annular Slope Stability Evaluation method based on Bishop approach |
| CN110700285A (en) * | 2019-09-01 | 2020-01-17 | 中南大学 | Three-dimensional design method for relieving slope of surface unconsolidated formation of strip mine |
| CN113919590A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-11 | 重庆大学 | Three-dimensional stability prediction method for unequal-interval inclined-bar rock-separation slope with different occurrence states |
| CN117759245A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-26 | 河南建筑材料研究设计院有限责任公司 | Surface mine exploitation system and method using three-dimensional intelligent design |
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2004
- 2004-09-21 CN CNA2004100095953A patent/CN1598857A/en active Pending
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101400873A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2009-04-01 | Bhp比利顿创新公司 | Waste disposal during pit mining |
| CN101400873B (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2013-03-13 | Bhp比利顿创新公司 | Waste disposal during pit mining |
| CN101514553B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-05-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Soil slope stability analysis method based on limit equilibrium theory and stress analysis |
| CN102236103A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-09 | 杨世奇 | Automatic obstacle avoidance optimization design technology of three-dimensional seismic exploration acquisition observation system based on geographic information |
| CN102536245A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2012-07-04 | 赵文奎 | Method for calculating bottom width and mining depth of open-pit mining for large and thick ore body |
| CN103135128A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-06-05 | 重庆大学 | Three-dimensional slope stability prediction method under earthquake load effect |
| CN103266617A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-08-28 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for computing optimal anchoring angle of rock slope wedge |
| CN103266617B (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2015-06-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for computing optimal anchoring angle of rock slope wedge |
| CN105765582A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-07-13 | 伊迈格创新技术学院 | Method and system for assessing a risk of high-energy earth bursts generated by underground mining |
| CN106874649A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-20 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of homogeneous slope stability_intensity reduction method INSTABILITY CRITERION |
| CN106801422A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-06 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of open-pit slope Structural shape optimization |
| CN106874649B (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2019-02-01 | 东北电力大学 | A kind of homogeneous slope stability_intensity reduction method INSTABILITY CRITERION method |
| CN106951504A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-14 | 北京科技大学 | Based on the computational methods that the dynamic analysis of slope of eigentone is stable |
| CN107503750A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Waste Dump inside Open Pit Mine presser feet, which is hung, helps parallel building method |
| CN107503750B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2019-10-29 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of parallel building method of Waste Dump inside Open Pit Mine presser feet extension side |
| CN108491575A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-09-04 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of computational methods for Side Slope Safety Coefficient of being paddled based on digital terrain progress reservoir |
| CN110245429A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-17 | 贵州正业工程技术投资有限公司 | Convex annular Slope Stability Evaluation method based on Bishop approach |
| CN110245429B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-09-04 | 贵州正业工程技术投资有限公司 | Annular convex slope stability evaluation method based on simplified Bishop method |
| CN110700285A (en) * | 2019-09-01 | 2020-01-17 | 中南大学 | Three-dimensional design method for relieving slope of surface unconsolidated formation of strip mine |
| CN113919590A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-11 | 重庆大学 | Three-dimensional stability prediction method for unequal-interval inclined-bar rock-separation slope with different occurrence states |
| CN113919590B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2024-05-28 | 重庆大学 | Three-dimensional stability prediction method for different-occurrence unequal-interval inclined strip rock-separating slope |
| CN117759245A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-26 | 河南建筑材料研究设计院有限责任公司 | Surface mine exploitation system and method using three-dimensional intelligent design |
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