CN1597596A - Fly ash brick unbaking shaping method - Google Patents
Fly ash brick unbaking shaping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1597596A CN1597596A CNA2004100215349A CN200410021534A CN1597596A CN 1597596 A CN1597596 A CN 1597596A CN A2004100215349 A CNA2004100215349 A CN A2004100215349A CN 200410021534 A CN200410021534 A CN 200410021534A CN 1597596 A CN1597596 A CN 1597596A
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
A non-calcine method for preparing the flyash brick includes such steps as proportionally mixing flyash slags, calcium carbide dregs, ardealite and cement, and activating by overheat steam, homogenizing, adding atomized water, stirring, moulding, and curing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing process of flyash-containing building material, the unburned forming method of particularly a kind of high blending flyash brick also is applicable to processing burning-free flyash building block and fly ash silico-calcium board etc.
Background technology
At present, utilize flyash-containing building material to substitute the conventional sintering solid clay brick, this is not only because many power consumptions of clay brick source, ruin the field serious the occupation of land, by strict limit production and use, but also increasing owing to heat power plant's flyash waste discharge amount, this is contaminate environment both, take a large amount of soils again, also become big public hazards.Therefore,, make full use of the performances such as lateral reactivity that flyash has, it as aboundresources and cheap raw material fully utilizes, is produced material of construction, extensively promoted for eradicating the public hazards of flyash.
Existing fly ash building materials for wall has flyash brick and fly ash building block etc.Its main machining method has: the compacting sintering method; Aerating is steamed and is pressed or steam-cured method; Add that lime steam to be pressed or steam-cured method and do not need sintering, steam-cured natural curing method.Above-mentioned working method exists some to influence the defective that it is applied, and is higher as compacting sintering method energy consumption, and needs to add some clays, applies being restricted; The lateral reactivity that steaming pressure or steam-cured method help flyash excites, but its steam-cured room floor space is big, and steaming and cultivating equipment quantity is many, and facility investment is big, and the energy consumption height increases manufacturing cost, is not easy to promote; Though natural curing method one-time investment is few, cost is also lower, but needing in its technical process that batch mixing is carried out rolling stirs, also need to add an amount of water and be the maintenance that suits under the environment of 70-90% in suitable relative humidity, be generally 21-35 days, the time of maintenance is longer, and production efficiency is low, unstable product quality.Every according to statistics steam-cured 1 cubic metre building block, needs increase the expense cost of 10 yuans.In addition the car of reaching the standard grade of Shi Yonging, to plug in handling equipments such as car, fortune brick car, primary and secondary car more, must cause that investment is big, running cost is high.One cover production line investment needs more than ten million yuan, and the investment withdrawal time is long.
Report according to pertinent literature, the forming method equipment used of Foreign Architecture materials for wall is two cover the weigh shaper of feeding machanism, two sides running job and multiple professional Transport Machinery and the support equipments that match, as huge steam-cured room and steaming and cultivating equipment etc., therefore once investment is big, the running cost height, uneconomical.The forming method majority of existing domestic construction materials for wall is to belong to introductions, digest external concrete segment technology, because of the forming method of concrete segment processing condition and fly ash building materials for wall differs greatly, so there is certain irrationality.
The irrationality of external fly ash building materials for wall shaper technology has: from the mixed grind device, the mixed once whipping process is abundant inadequately, as the concrete segment production line that with cement is main raw material is suitable, but as with the flyash industrial residue of high volume being raw material will seem " unable to do what one wishes ".One of the substance characteristics of flyash be granularity little, be powdery; Another characteristic is active high, and potential potential energy is big.These potential potential energy have only through exciting just and can bring into play, and crucial problem is how flyash to be excited to make its activation.Because of its physical aspect is the globular glass plastid, very fine and close and smooth, though contain silicon-dioxide and aluminium sesquioxide, all be difficult for the stripping aquation, unclassified stores is difficult to enter the glass plastid and reacts with it.Physically activated method commonly used is that flyash is carried out grinding or rolls stirring, to change its surface texture featur.But the change to its surface tissue in short several minutes of the mill that efficient is high again, stone roller, whipping device does not have obvious effects yet.Studies show that: the activation that excites of flyash at first depends on the alkaline matter exciting agent, and is secondly relevant with " temperature, humidity, pressure ", only just can produce under certain temperature, humidity, pressure condition and activate and hydration reaction.Temperature, humidity, pressure are high more, and activation and hydration reaction speed are fast more, and level of response is also deep more, and resultant of reaction matter is also many more, and the gelling effect is good more.The excite activation and the time of flyash are inversely proportional to, and temperature, humidity, pressure are low more, and the time is long more, and temperature, humidity, pressure are high more, and the time is short more.
From shaping building block steaming raising effect angle, also there is certain irrationality.Volume is big behind flyash brick or the block forming, and density is big, and heat-conduction coefficient is low, and conduction of velocity is slow, belongs to the thermo-molecular poor conductor.Therefore, steam-curedly can only promptly take intensification-constant temperature to the later stage of brick or building block, heat up again-constant temperature again with the way of time expand, continuous high temperature-continue constant temperature, cooling-constant temperature, the constant temperature again of lowering the temperature again, till near free air temperature, whole process is wanted 20-35 hour.The conduction of temperature, humidity also is subjected to certain obstruction, and too urgent meeting causes quality problems such as brick or building block cracking, and the quality of crossing slow brick or building block is good, but wastes a large amount of energy, the hear rate height, and production efficiency is low.
Report according to Chinese patent literature, the patent No. is in 94113103.3 " flyash activation method ", to have proposed flyash after putting into 10-20% lime, boil 6-8 hour in 60-80 ℃ hot water, take out air dried and excite activation method, to improve the activity of flyash.But this method operation is loaded down with trivial details, time-consuming, and efficient is low, and power consumption is big, is unfavorable for large-scale industrial production.
The Chinese patent literature that has has been reported some unburned knots, non-evaporating foster natural curing method production technique.
The patent No. is 93102594.X's in " the two bricks of exempting from of high-performance, non-cement, flyash ", disclosed physically activated be with flyash levigate to specific surface area be 4000-8000cm
2/ g is to increase its reaction area; Chemical activation is compound activators such as adding gypsum, makes flyash and CaO, CaSO
2Carry out hydration reaction.But used flyash needs cooperate with exciting agent after grinding is levigate, moulding, through vapor cure in more than ten hours or in 20 ℃ of temperature, 95% time maintenance 20-40 of humidity days, just is finished product again.This method production cycle is long, efficient is low, unstable product quality.
The patent No. is 98125918.9 " a kind of non-evaporating processing methodes of producing flyash brick fast of supporting " and, the patent No. essentially identical with its content are in 01102954.4 " a kind of non-evaporating, unburned, fast produce the processing method of fly ash building block or flyash brick ", the processing method that is proposed is to be basic raw material, to be additive with yellow soda ash etc. with flyash etc., through metering, for the first time rolling, digestion, steps such as rolling, moulding, hot air circulate reaction for the second time, become finished product.So-called digestion is that preliminary chemical reaction and relevant physical change took place each weighing room after rolling stirred for the first time.But because the time of chemical reaction, physical change is short, and the suitable ambient conditionss such as temperature, humidity and pressure of shortage, the flyash lateral reactivity excited certain limit, so digestion not thoroughly, carbonization coefficient height, poor, the unstable product quality of freeze-thaw resistance.Digest halfway alkaline matter and in goods, have follow-up internal stress, cause the brick after the moulding to produce the crack, have a strong impact on quality product, so need " hot air circulate " steam-cured goods.So, processing step is just complicated, and repeatedly wheel is rolled in addition, still needs thermal curing, not only the production cycle long, and quality product also is difficult to be guaranteed in a short time.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the unburned forming method of a kind of flyash brick, defectives such as the facility investment that it overcomes the prior art existence effectively is big, running cost is high, production efficiency is low have technical process to simplify, and are with short production cycle, energy-conservation, matched is reasonable in design, processing ease, control accuracy height, and floor space is few, reduced investment, running cost is low, and material excites activation effect remarkable, the advantage that effectively improves product quality and production efficiency.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: this method adopts following operation steps:
One, batching: with industrial waste flyash, slag, carbide slag and auxiliary material phosphogypsum, cement, the activity excitant of predetermined proportion, the hold-up vessel of the gate and valve by respectively carrying dynamic metering device and automatic control flow, through the transfer roller that gathers materials, material is sent into the helical stir feeding machine mix, raw materials used weight ratio is: flyash: slag: carbide slag: phosphogypsum: cement :=40-50: 35-45: 15-25: 3-5: 5-10:;
Two, activated at is integrated: behind the batch mixing, by lift be transported to the superheated vapour be having of medium various dynamic sensitive detectors and the material of helical stir unloading machine activate in the integrating apparatus, streams is heated, excite activation, homogeneous quality, activationary temperature is 99-150 ℃, humidity is 95-100%, pressure is 0.1-0.5Mpa, streams segmentation in natural flow process activates repeatedly, homogeneous, carrying out rapid aquation through the atomizing feedwater then integrates, stir the back discharging by the helical stir feeding machine is balanced again, it is 50-80 ℃ high-temperature activation batch mixing that temperature is provided;
Three, the moulding of heat material combined pressure: temperature is that the reciprocating type of positive displacement displacement poidometer measuring device that 50-80 ℃ high-temperature activation batch mixing is supplied with the hopper below of efficient shaper by discharge opening through feeding machine surged or pneumatic material distributing machine, surge or the die head of air operated adjustable telescopic jig clamping core to having by it, along the inwall periphery moulding box of the vertical vibrator of a plurality of variable-frequency electromagnetics and the brick template that lifting device is lifted are set, position real shop feed, again with the two-way vertical variant-frequency vibration of vibrator and core rod combined type, realize the high temperature stone, hot dress mould, the vertical exciting of electromagnetism, the die head pressurization, shaped brick is made in the demoulding of core rod boosting;
Four, automatic get-on carriage: shaped brick is delivered to and is left standstill maintenance on the brick unwheeling by with the chain type of the brick template of unloading automatically or the extraordinary transfer roller and the automatic lifting parallel-moving type racking machine of band-drive band, is finished product.
The rotating speed of described helical stir feeding machine is 19-110 rev/min.
The equipment that the unburned forming method of described flyash brick is used, comprise hold-up vessel, the transfer roller that gathers materials, helical stir feeding machine, lift, shaper, transfer roller, racking machine and brick unwheeling, its technical essential is: be provided with the superheated vapour between described lift and the shaper be having of medium various dynamic sensitive detectors and the material of helical stir unloading machine activate integrating apparatus.
Because the present invention is mainly according to the inherent material inert fraction of flyash, mix the loose material of corresponding proportion, carry out reasonable assembly as slag, carbide slag, phosphogypsum and cement etc., adopt loose material hold-up vessel dosing, deliver to the helical stir feeding machine by the transfer roller that gathers materials and be mixed into batch mixing; Batch mixing is supplied with the activation integrating apparatus by lift, the streams that makes loose material is in natural flow process, under the condition of certain temperature, humidity, pressure, heat repeatedly, activation, homogeneous, intensive taking place excite priming reaction, carries out the aquation integration through the atomizing feedwater again, after the balanced stirring back discharging of helical stir feeding machine, become passive inert substance and be positive active substance, form the high-temperature activation batch mixing; Batch mixing is given efficient shaper by material conveyor, carries out the heat material combined pressure moulding of high temperature stone, hot dress mould, and shaped brick is delivered to automatically by transfer roller, racking machine and left standstill maintenance on the brick unwheeling, again steam press maintenance, be finished product without sintering.Use above-mentioned specific equipment to mate corresponding with it molding device numerical control device (applying for a patent simultaneously) again, make its flow scheme design more reasonable, operation is very easy to, improves control accuracy, solved the equipment that prior art exists do not match, can not 24 hours continuous operation, defectives such as energy consumption height, facility investment are big, complicated operation, maintenance difficulty, that maintenance is difficult, consumable accessory is changed is difficult, running cost is high, and digestion reaction is not thoroughly, unstable product quality, production efficiency be low.
The present invention because of new technological flow than the further simplification of prior art, equipment used is few, can realize automatic control and management, so processing ease, control accuracy height, floor space is few, thereby the production cycle is shortened greatly, reached reduced investment, running cost is low, purpose of energy saving.Actual detected shows, the non-burning brick grade in the powdered coal ash product of making, and the total volume of industrial residue can be up to about 92%.Because the equipment used matching Design is reasonable, material excites activation effect remarkable, so effectively improve product quality and production efficiency.It is compared with concrete block forming equipment (producing 6.8 ten thousand steres per year) of the same type, and equipment cost reduces 30%.The variable ratio frequency changer speed governing by per 8~24 moulding in second, one mould, is produced 8 calculating of 390 * 190 * 190 hollow standard block, can produce holllow building block 130,000 m every year
3/ 300 days, standard brick 6.8 ten thousand m
3/ 300 days.Every index of thorough or brick meets or is better than national standard, and quality can reach the above standard of clay brick first grade, produces 1m
3Flyash brick needs 50-60 unit cost, and running cost reduces by 50%, and the time of making the product only is 5-7 days, than required 28 days of existing installation, raises the efficiency 300%.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the production scheme of the unburned forming method of a kind of flyash brick of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail according to Fig. 1.The raw materials used employing industrial waste of this forming method flyash, slag, carbide slag and auxiliary material phosphogypsum, cement etc.The selection of its raw material is mainly considered: 1, make full use of flyash and have only through exciting the characteristic of its potential potential energy of competence exertion; 2, that mixes corresponding proportion has the slag that can coordinate potential potential energy of nearly edge relation with flyash, carbide slag (papermaking wastewater or unslaked lime), alkaline excitation there are the phosphogypsum (fertilizer plant's tankage) of coordinative role and the cement that an amount of existing clay effect has excitation again, carry out reasonable mix, make loose material in certain temperature, humidity, under the condition of pressure, activate repeatedly, homogeneous, through the atomizing feedwater intensive taking place excites priming reaction again, the aquation integration, become passive inert substance and be positive active substance, form the high-temperature activation batch mixing, provide through the unburned raw material of using of the flyash brick of pretreated science.
This forming method equipment used matching Design is reasonable, processing ease, standard, and control accuracy height, material excite activation effect remarkable, so effectively improve product quality and production efficiency.The coupling of its equipment is mainly considered: 1, adopt custom-designed hold-up vessel, material to activate integrating apparatus, efficient shaper, extraordinary transfer roller and automatic parallel moving type racking machine etc., form the rational clustered aggregates of coupling; 2, adopt the molding device numerical control device, the computer program control techniques means that utilization is conventional are carried out Digital Control, intelligent management, and component devices program behavior Digital Control unit makes this moulding process operate standard more.Matched adopts auto-adaptive controling software, machine is operated outward, with the temperature of guaranteeing to prepare burden accurately and suiting, humidity, under the pressure condition, improve control accuracy, make whole process flow be in optimum regime, realize the raw materials used activation integrating remark of finishing in advance, so that give full play to its potential effect, carry out the high temperature stone expeditiously, hot dress mould, vibratory compaction, moulding processs such as the pressure demoulding make coal ash baking-free brick or building block after the moulding reach sturdy construction, material matter is even, corner angle are complete, the intensity height, frost resistance is good, unburned knot, non-evaporating foster standard-required.
Equipment used is activated integrating apparatus 18, feeding machine 10, shaper 7, transfer roller 6, racking machine 11 and brick unwheeling 12 and electric control box 5 thereof, is provided the thermal source 13 etc. of superheated vapour to form by hold-up vessel 1, the transfer roller 4 that gathers materials, helical stir feeding machine 8, lift 19, material.The specification of various device, shape should be determined according to actual needs.Each hold-up vessel 1 of wherein adorning raw material has the pneumatic brake valve 3 of dynamic metering device 2 and automatic control flow respectively, and each raw material carries out strict dynamic measurement and checks the weight by predetermined proportioning.Be provided with between lift 19 and the shaper 7 with the superheated vapour be having of medium various dynamic sensitive detectors and the material of helical stir unloading machine 9 activate integrating apparatus 18 (applying for a patent simultaneously).Described material activates the material preheating canned paragraphs 17 that integrating apparatus 18 includes high and low level detector; Circulation is provided with the superheated vapour be medium have temperature, humidity and a pressure dynamic sensitive detector excite activation section 16; Leave standstill the homogeneous quality section 15 of in-depth reaction; The stirring unloading part 14 that has dynamic water detector and atomizing feedwater batching regulation device, helical stir unloading machine 9.Described shaper 7 adopts efficient shaper (applying for a patent simultaneously), and this machine is provided with the reciprocating type of positive displacement displacement poidometer measuring device and surges or the vertical vibrator 21 with the electromagnetism frequency conversion of pneumatic material distributing machine 24, and it combines with core rod realizes two-way vertical variant-frequency vibration.Described transfer roller 6 adopts and has the chain type of the brick template of unloading automatically or the extraordinary transfer roller of band-drive band, and racking machine 11 adopts automatic lifting parallel-moving type racking machine (applying for a patent simultaneously).
The Production Flow Chart concrete operations step of the unburned forming method of flyash brick of the present invention is as follows:
The step 1 batching:
At first batching is accurately measured, what will be directly connected to the quality of flyash brick or building block to the batching consumption.Therefore, with the flyash in each ingredient storage jar 1, slag, carbide slag (papermaking wastewater or unslaked lime) and auxiliary material phosphogypsum (fertilizer plant's tankage), cement, by the dynamic metering device 2 of each hold-up vessel 1 and the gate and valve 3 of automatic control flow, by predetermined proportion strict measurement feed, error control is ± 2%.Batching is sent into helical stir feeding machine 8 through the transfer roller 4 that gathers materials, and mixes, and makes its fully contact under the physical condition that increases the external force effect, carries out preliminary physically activated.Batchings such as flyash are rolled stirring, make every effort to its surface texture featur is changed to some extent, the chemical reaction of the postorder that is beneficial to promote to prepare burden.For making raw materials used proportion speed, improve the quality of final product, its weight ratio should preferentially be selected for use: flyash: slag: carbide slag: phosphogypsum: cement :=40-50: 35-45: 15-25: 3-5: 5-10:.
The step 2 activated at is integrated:
Be stirred to the batch mixing of optimum regime, be transported to the material that has various dynamic sensitive detectors and helical stir unloading machine by lift 8 and activate in the integrating apparatus 18.Batch mixing is having the material preheating canned paragraphs 17 of high and low level gage, obtains preheating, the pre-storage; Utilize that circulation is provided with the superheated vapour be medium have exciting activation section 16 and leaving standstill the homogeneous quality section 15 of in-depth reaction of temperature, humidity and pressure dynamic sensitive detector, with the superheated vapour is medium, activation, homogeneous quality are heated, are excited in segmentation repeatedly to streams, activationary temperature is 99-150 ℃, humidity is 95-100%, pressure is 0.1-0.5Mpa, and streams segmentation in natural flow process activates repeatedly, homogeneous; In the stirring unloading part 14 that has dynamic water detector and atomizing feedwater batching regulation device, helical stir unloading machine 9, carrying out rapid aquation through the atomizing feedwater integrates, stir the back dischargings by helical stir unloading machine 9 is balanced again, it is 50-80 ℃ high-temperature activation batch mixing that temperature is provided;
Temperature is that the reciprocating type of positive displacement displacement poidometer measuring device that 50-80 ℃ high-temperature activation batch mixing is supplied with the hopper below of efficient shaper 7 by discharge opening through feeding machine 10 surged or pneumatic material distributing machine 24, by it to the die head 20 that has adjustable telescopic jig clamping core 22, the moulding box of the vertical vibrator 21 of a plurality of variable-frequency electromagnetics and the brick template that lifting device 23 is lifted are set along the inwall periphery, position real shop feed, again with vibrator 21 and core rod 22 combined type direction vibrations, realize high temperature stone, hot dress mould, die head pressurization, shaped brick is made in the demoulding of core rod boosting;
Shaped brick is by with the chain type of the brick template of unloading automatically or the extraordinary transfer roller 6 and the automatic lifting parallel-moving type racking machine 11 of band-drive band, delivers to through brick unwheeling 12 and leaves standstill maintenance 5-7 days on the brick field, is finished product.
Claims (3)
1, the unburned forming method of a kind of flyash brick is characterized in that adopting following operation steps:
One, batching: with industrial waste flyash, slag, carbide slag and auxiliary material phosphogypsum, cement, the activity excitant of predetermined proportion, the hold-up vessel of the gate and valve by respectively carrying dynamic metering device and automatic control flow, through the transfer roller that gathers materials, material is sent into the helical stir feeding machine mix, raw materials used weight ratio is: flyash: slag: carbide slag: phosphogypsum: cement :=40-50: 35-45: 15-25: 3-5: 5-10:;
Two, activated at is integrated: behind the batch mixing, by lift be transported to the superheated vapour be having of medium various dynamic sensitive detectors and the material of helical stir unloading machine activate in the integrating apparatus, streams is heated, excite activation, homogeneous quality, activationary temperature is 99-150 ℃, humidity is 95-100%, pressure is 0.1-0.5Mpa, streams segmentation in natural flow process activates repeatedly, homogeneous, carrying out rapid aquation through the atomizing feedwater then integrates, stir the back discharging by the helical stir feeding machine is balanced again, it is 50-80 ℃ high-temperature activation batch mixing that temperature is provided;
Three, the moulding of heat material combined pressure: temperature is that the reciprocating type of positive displacement displacement poidometer measuring device that 50-80 ℃ high-temperature activation batch mixing is supplied with the hopper below of efficient shaper by discharge opening through feeding machine surged or pneumatic material distributing machine, by it to the die head that has adjustable telescopic jig clamping core, along the inwall periphery moulding box of the vertical vibrator of a plurality of variable-frequency electromagnetics and the brick template that lifting device is lifted are set, position real shop feed, again with the two-way vertical variant-frequency vibration of vibrator and core rod combined type, realize the high temperature stone, hot dress mould, the vertical exciting of electromagnetism, the die head pressurization, shaped brick is made in the demoulding of core rod boosting;
Four, automatic get-on carriage: shaped brick is by with the chain type of the brick template of unloading automatically or the extraordinary transfer roller and the automatic lifting parallel-moving type racking machine of band-drive band, delivers on the brick field through brick unwheeling and leaves standstill maintenance, is finished product.
2, the unburned forming method of flyash brick according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rotating speed of described helical stir feeding machine is 19-110 rev/min.
3, a kind of according to the used equipment of the unburned forming method of the described flyash brick of claim 1, comprise hold-up vessel, the transfer roller that gathers materials, helical stir feeding machine, lift, shaper, transfer roller, racking machine and brick unwheeling, it is characterized in that: be provided with the superheated vapour between described lift and the shaper be having of medium various dynamic sensitive detectors and the material of helical stir unloading machine activate integrating apparatus.
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