CN1595984A - A video coding-decoding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a video frequency coding method, the method includes: confirms the code series code_num; calculates the order M of leading symbol in front of the identification symbol and information symbol INFO behind the identification symbol according to the rule that the order M is less than the information symbol INFO; finally determines the leading symbol according to the order M, and the leading symbol, identification symbol and the information symbol are integrated into code. The invention also discloses two video frequency decoding method correspondent to above mentioned video coding method, the has better error code resisting performance than the entropy code.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of information encoding-decoding method.
Background technology
In computer, the communications field, information transmits through coding, and a kind of height of antijamming capability of coded system directly influences the quality that information transmits.Existing video image code compression standard MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.261, H.263, H.264 wait and all be based on discrete digital cosine transform (DCT), what wherein H.264 adopt with MPEG-4 AVC standard is the integer transform method that performance approaches DCT, its general processing procedure is: when image transmits, transmitting terminal is inputted video image at first, carry out estimation and motion compensation after this image is divided into concrete dot matrix, carry out DCT conversion and quantification treatment then, the view data of described quantification treatment is carried out entropy coding, the data code flow that forms after encoding is sent to receiving terminal, carries out the entropy decoding by receiving terminal, re-quantization is handled, the operations such as motion compensation of DCT inverse transformation obtain decoded video image.In the said process, described entropy coding method mainly comprises variable-length encoding and arithmetic coding method, for example, in standard H.264, the entropy coding method of employing has three kinds: general variable length encoding method (UVLC), based on contextual variable length encoding method (CAVLC) with based on contextual arithmetic coding method (CABAC).Wherein, the basic thought of the UVLC entropy coding method that H.264 standard adopted is: for the code word that will transmit (Codeword), its version is:
[M zeros] [1] [INFO] or [M ones] [0] [INFO]; Wherein Zhong Jian " 1 " or " 0 " are identifier, and [M zeros] or [the M ones] of identifier front are leading character, and [INFO] of identifier back is the information symbol.
In said structure, suppose to use " 1 " as identifier, the number of " 0 " of " 1 " front is identical with the information digit of " 1 " back.In standard H.264, code word and code word sequence number (code_num) have relation one to one, with reference to following table 1:
The corresponding relation of table 1 code_num and Codeword
code_num Codeword
0 1
1 010
2 011
3 00100
4 00101
5 00110
6 00111
7 0001000
8 0001001
9 0001010
10 0001011
11 0001100
12 0001101
13 0001110
14 0001111
15 000010000
16 000010001
…?……?……?……?……?…
At coding side,, calculate the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and the information INFO value of identifier " 1 " back by the following method for given code word sequence number code_num value:
M＝log
2(code_num+1)
INFO＝code_num+1-2
M；
In decoding end, decode code word sequence number code_num value by the following method:
(1) read " 0 " symbol of identifier " 1 " and front, the number of establishing the symbol of reading " 0 " is M.
(2) read the M position information of identifier " 1 " back, make its value be INFO.
(3)code_num＝2
M+INFO-1。
No matter be coding side or decoding end, if code word sequence number code_num is 0, then INFO and M are 0, and vice versa.
Above-mentioned code word has figure place symmetry characteristics, promptly the information digit of the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and back as many, information bit accounts for the proportion less than 50% of whole codeword.Owing to concerning a code word, if the code word of identifier " 1 " front is made mistakes then can not be correctly decoded, so the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front has too much caused the reduction of UVLC entropy coding error-resilient performance and code efficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve in the video coding process based on the code efficiency of UVLC entropy coding method and to improve error-resilient performance, the present invention proposes a kind of method for video coding and corresponding video encoding/decoding method thereof, use said method to carry out the information coding, the figure place of the leading character of identifier front and the information of back symbol is inequality.
For this reason, method for video coding provided by the invention comprises:
Need to determine the code word sequence number code_num of the information correspondence of coding transmission;
Calculate the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and the information symbol INFO of identifier back according to described code word sequence number, make the figure place of M less than described information symbol INFO;
Determine leading character according to described figure place M, leading character, identifier and information symbol INFO are formed coding codeword.
When concrete calculating, calculate the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and the information symbol INFO of identifier back according to the following equation according to described code word sequence number:
M＝log
2(code_num+2
n)-n；
INFO＝code_num+2
n-2
M+n；
Wherein, n is the absolute value of the information symbol INFO figure place difference of the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and identifier back, n 〉=1.
Based on aforementioned calculation, described method also comprises: according to following formula compute codeword length L ength, be beneficial to carry out encoding and decoding:
Length＝2M+n+1。
Calculating M that adopts with above-mentioned method for video coding and INFO mode corresponding video encoding/decoding method, comprising:
Read the leading character figure place M of identifier front;
Read the M+n position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
Compute codeword sequence number code_num according to the following equation:
code_num＝2
M+n+INFO-2
n；
Determine to want the information of coding transmission according to gained code word sequence number code_num.
When concrete calculating, also can calculate the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and the information symbol INFO of identifier back according to the following equation according to described code word sequence number:
If code_num is less than 2
m-1, then,
M＝log
2(code_num+1)；
INFO＝code_num+1-2
M；
Otherwise:
M＝log2(code_nu
m+2m+n-2
m+1)-n；
INFO＝code_num+2
m+n-2
m+1-2
M+n；
Wherein, m 〉=0, n 〉=1; M is figure place from the initial leading character with figure place asymmetric property of identifier front, and n is the absolute value that figure place M and the information of identifier back of the leading character of identifier front accords with INFO figure place difference.
Based on aforementioned calculation, described method also comprises: according to following formula compute codeword length L ength, be beneficial to carry out encoding and decoding:
If code_num is less than 2
m-1, then,
Length＝2M+1；
Otherwise,
Length＝2M+n+1。
Calculating M that adopts with above-mentioned method for video coding and INFO mode corresponding video encoding/decoding method, comprising:
(1) reads the leading character figure place M of identifier front;
(2) if M＜m, then,
Read the M position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
Otherwise,
Read the M+n position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
(3) if M＜m, then,
code_num＝2
M+INFO-1；
Otherwise,
code_num＝INFO-2
m+n+2
m-1+2
M+n。
Determine to want the information of coding transmission according to gained code word sequence number code_num.
For said method, described identifier is binary one or " 0 ", and when described identifier was " 1 ", described leading character was M position " 0 ", and when described identifier was " 0 ", described leading character was M position " 1 ".
Because the entropy coding based on UVLC of the present invention has the asymmetrical characteristic of figure place, the number of the leading character symbol of identifier front and the information digit of identifier back can be inequality, the symbol figure place of leading character is lacked than the information digit of identifier back, make in whole coded data, information bit is occupied bigger proportion, this not only makes the present invention have higher code efficiency, can also reduce the leading character probability of errors, therefore, compare with figure place symmetry UVLC entropy coding method, entropy coding method of the present invention has better error-resilient performance.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes in a kind of new video coding process entropy coding method based on UVLC, if identifier adopts " 1 ", then the information digit of the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and " 1 " back can be inequality, for example, the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front lacks 1 than the information digit of 1 back, below discusses and mainly carries out at this situation.Basic thought is: use " 1 " as identifier, in all code words " codeword ", the number of " 0 " of " 1 " front is lacked the n position than the information digit of " 1 " back, perhaps, in the part code word " codeword ", the number of " 0 " of " 1 " front is lacked the n position than the information digit of " 1 " back.Owing to concerning a code word, then can not be correctly decoded, can reduce probability of errors so reduce the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front, thereby have better error-resilient performance if the code word of identifier " 1 " front is made mistakes.If as identifier, then the symbol of identifier front is " 1 " with " 0 ", other process is the same, below analyzes all at discussing as identifier with " 1 ".
The present invention is for all code word situations with figure place asymmetric property, can suppose that the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front is lacked n than the information digit of " 1 " back, then has following general description mode:
The version of code word " Codeword " is:
[M?zeros][1][INFO]；
Based on the said structure form, first kind of scheme of the present invention is that at coding side, all code words all have the figure place asymmetric property.Need at first to determine the code word sequence number code_num of the code word correspondence of coding transmission,, calculate the number M of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and the information INFO value of identifier " 1 " back by the following method for given code word sequence number code_num value:
M＝log2(code_num+2
n)-n；
Length＝2M+n+1；
INFO＝code_num+2
n-2
M+n；
Wherein, n is the absolute value of the information symbol INFO figure place difference of the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and identifier back, and n 〉=1;
At last, determine leading character according to described figure place M, i.e. M position " 0 " forms coding with leading character, identifier " 1 " and information symbol INFO.
Code length Length is for helping carrying out encoding and decoding.
With the corresponding entropy decoding method of above-mentioned entropy coding method, comprise the steps:
At first from the code stream that receives, read the leading character figure place M of identifier front;
Read the M+n position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
Compute codeword sequence number code_num according to the following equation:
code_num＝2
M+n+INFO-2
n；
Determine to want the information of coding transmission at last according to described code word sequence number code_num.
Be the embodiment that the code word " Codeword " of [M zeros] [1] [INFO] illustrates such scheme with version below:
Example 1:n=1.At coding side,, calculate the number M of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and the information INFO value of identifier " 1 " back by the following method for given code word sequence number code_num value:
M＝log2(code_num+2)-1。
Length＝2(M+1)。
INFO＝code_num+2-2
M+1
In decoding end, decode code word sequence number code_num value by the following method:
(1) read " 0 " symbol of identifier " 1 " and front, the number of establishing the symbol of reading " 0 " is M.
(2) read the M+1 position information of identifier " 1 " back, make its value be INFO.
(3)code_num＝2
M+1+INFO-2
Code word sequence number code_num that obtains thus and the corresponding relation of code word Codeword are as shown in table 2.
Table 2 code word sequence number code_num and code word Codeword corresponding relation
Code_num Codeword (H.264 standard) Codeword (the present invention)
0 1 10
1 010 11
2 011 0100
3 00100 0101
4 00101 0110
5 00110 0111
6 00111 001000
7 0001000 001001
8 0001001 001010
9 0001010 001011
10 0001011 001100
11 0001100 001101
12 0001101 001110
13 0001110 001111
14 0001111 00010000
15 000010000 00010001
16 000010001 00010010
17 000010010 00010011
18 000010011 00010100
19 000010100 00010101
20 000010101 00010110
21 000010110 00010111
22 000010111 00011000
23 000011000 00011001
24 000011001 00011010
25 000011010 00011011
26 000011011 00011100
27 000011100 00011101
28 000011101 00011110
29 000011110 00011111
30 000011111 0000100000
31 00000100000 0000100001
32 00000100001 0000100010
…?…
Example 2:n=2.At coding side,, calculate the number M of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and the information INFO value of identifier " 1 " back by the following method for given code word sequence number code_num value:
M＝log2(code_num+4)-2。
Length＝2(M+1)+1。
INFO＝code_num+4-2
M+2
In decoding end, decode code word sequence number code_num value by the following method:
(1) read " 0 " symbol of identifier " 1 " and front, the number of establishing the symbol of reading " 0 " is M.
(2) read the M+2 position information of identifier " 1 " back, make its value be INFO.
(3)code_num＝2
M+2+INFO-4
The corresponding relation of code word sequence number code_num and code word Codeword is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 code word sequence number code_num and code word Codeword corresponding relation
Code_num Codeword (H.264 standard) Codeword (the present invention)
0 1 100
1 010 101
2 011 110
3 00100 111
4 00101 01000
5 00110 01001
6 00111 01010
7 0001000 01011
8 0001001 01100
9 0001010 01101
10 0001011 01110
11 0001100 01111
12 0001101 0010000
13 0001110 0010001
14 0001111 0010010
15 000010000 0010011
16 000010001 0010100
17 000010010 0010101
18 000010011 0010110
19 000010100 0010111
20 000010101 0011000
21 000010110 0011001
22 000010111 0011010
23 000011000 0011011
24 000011001 0011100
25 000011010 0011101
26 000011011 0011110
27 000011100 0011111
28 000011101 000100000
29 000011110 000100001
30 000011111 000100010
31 00000100000 000100011
32 00000100001 000100100
……
Second kind of scheme of the present invention be, from a certain code word sequence number, the code word of back all has the asymmetrical characteristic of figure place, and the code word of front all has the characteristic of figure place symmetry.At coding side, need at first to determine the code word sequence number code_num of the information correspondence of coding transmission; For given code word sequence number code_num value, calculate the number M of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and the information INFO value of identifier " 1 " back by the following method:
If (code_num＜2
m-1), then,
M＝log2(code_num+1)；
Length＝2M+1；
INFO＝code_num+1-2
M；
Otherwise,
M＝log2(code-num+2
m+n-2
m+1)-n；
Length＝2M+n+1；
INFO＝code_num+2
m+n-2
m+1-2
M+n。
Wherein, m 〉=0, n 〉=1; M is figure place from the initial leading character with figure place asymmetric property of identifier front, and n is the absolute value that figure place M and the information of identifier back of the leading character of identifier front accords with INFO figure place difference; That is to say that the number of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front is that the code word of m begins all have the figure place asymmetric property, and the number of establishing " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front is lacked n than the information digit of " 1 " back.
At last, determine described identifier, and determine the number of leading character " 0 " that with leading character, promptly M " 0 ", identifier " 1 " and information symbol INFO form and encode according to described figure place M.
Calculate above-mentioned code length Length, purpose is to help to carry out encoding and decoding.
With above-mentioned second kind of corresponding entropy decoding method of the described entropy coding method of scheme, comprise the steps:
In decoding end, (1) reads the leading character figure place M of identifier front;
(2) if M＜m, then,
Read the M position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
Otherwise,
Read the M+n position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
(3) if M＜m, then,
code_num＝2
M+INFO-1；
Otherwise
code_num＝INFO-2
m+n+2
m-1+2
M+n。
The embodiment (the association class PASCAL is described) of above-mentioned second kind of scheme is described for the code word " Codeword " of [M zeros] [1] [INFO] with version below:
Example 3:n=1, m=1.At coding side,, calculate the number M of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and the information INFO value of identifier " 1 " back by the following method for given code word sequence number code_num value:
if(code_num＝＝0)
{M＝0，INFO＝0，Length＝1。}
else
{M＝log2(code_num+3)-1。
Length＝2(M+1)。
INFO＝code_num+3-2
M+1}；
In decoding end, decode code word sequence number code_num value by the following method:
(1) read " 0 " symbol of identifier " 1 " and front, the number of establishing the symbol of reading " 0 " is M.
(2)if(M≠0)
Read the M+1 position information of identifier " 1 " back, make its value be INFO.
(3)if(M＝＝0)
code_num＝0
else
code_num＝2
M+1+INFO-3；
The corresponding relation of code word sequence number code_num and code word Codeword is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 code word sequence number code_num and code word Codeword corresponding relation
Code_num Codeword (H.264 standard) Codeword (the present invention)
0 1 1
1 010 0100
2 011 0101
3 00100 0110
4 00101 0111
5 00110 001000
6 00111 001001
7 0001000 001010
8 0001001 001011
9 0001010 001100
10 0001011 001101
11 0001100 001110
12 0001101 001111
13 0001110 00010000
14 0001111 00010001
15 000010000 00010010
16 000010001 00010011
17 000010010 00010100
18 000010011 00010101
19 000010100 00010110
20 000010101 00010111
21 000010110 00011000
22 000010111 00011001
23 000011000 00011010
24 000011001 00011011
25 000011010 00011100
26 000011011 00011101
27 000011100 00011110
28 000011101 00011111
29 000011110 0000100000
30 000011111 0000100001
31 00000100000 0000100010
32 00000100001 0000100011
…?…?/
Example 3:n=1, m=2.At coding side,, calculate the number M of " 0 " of identifier " 1 " front and the information INFO value of identifier " 1 " back by the following method for given code word sequence number code_num value:
if(code_num＜＝2)
{M＝log2(code_num+1)
Length＝2M+1
INFO＝code_num+1-2
M}
else
{M＝log2(code_num+5)-1
Length＝2(M+1)
INFO＝code_num+5-2
M+1}
In decoding end, decode code word sequence number code_num value by the following method:
(1) read " 0 " symbol of identifier " 1 " and front, the number of establishing the symbol of reading " 0 " is M.
(2)if(M＜＝1)
Read the M position information of identifier " 1 " back, make its value be INFO.
else
Read the M+1 position information of identifier " 1 " back, make its value be INFO.(3)if(M＜＝1)
code_num＝2
M+INFO-1
else
code_num＝2
M+1+INFO-5
The corresponding relation of code word sequence number code_num and code word Codeword is as shown in table 5.
Table 5 code word sequence number code_num and code word Codeword corresponding relation
Code_num Codeword (H.264 standard) Codeword (the present invention)
0 1 1
1 010 010
2 011 011
3 00100 001000
4 00101 001001
5 00110 001010
6 00111 001011
7 0001000 001100
8 0001001 001101
9 0001010 001110
10 0001011 001111
11 0001100 00010000
12 0001101 00010001
13 0001110 00010010
14 0001111 00010011
15 000010000 00010100
16 000010001 00010101
17 000010010 00010110
18 000010011 00010111
19 000010100 00011000
20 000010101 00011001
21 000010110 00011010
22 000010111 00011011
23 000011000 00011100
24 000011001 00011101
25 000011010 00011110
26 000011011 00011111
27 000011100 0000100000
28 000011101 0000100001
29 000011110 0000100010
30 000011111 0000100011
31 00000100000 0000100100
32 00000100001 0000100101
…?…?/
The above only is several concrete execution mode of the present invention, should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the method for the invention, can also make other multiple execution mode that is fit to own demand.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method for video coding is characterized in that comprising:
Need to determine the code word sequence number code_num of the information correspondence of coding transmission;
Calculate the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and the information symbol INFO of identifier back according to described code word sequence number, make the figure place of M less than described information symbol INFO;
Determine leading character according to described figure place M, leading character, identifier and information symbol INFO are formed coding codeword.
2, method for video coding according to claim 1 is characterized in that, calculates the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and the information symbol INFO of identifier back according to the following equation according to described code word sequence number:
M＝log
2(code_num+2
n)-n；
INFO＝code_num+2
n-2
M+n；
Wherein, n is the absolute value of the information symbol INFO figure place difference of the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and identifier back, n 〉=1.
3, method for video coding according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described method also comprises: according to following formula compute codeword length L ength, be beneficial to carry out encoding and decoding:
Length＝2M+n+1。
4, a kind of video encoding/decoding method based on the described method for video coding of claim 2 is characterized in that comprising:
Read the leading character figure place M of identifier front;
Read the M+n position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
Compute codeword sequence number code_num according to the following equation:
code_num＝2
M+n+INFO-2
n；
Determine to want the information of coding transmission according to gained code word sequence number code_num.
5, method for video coding according to claim 1 is characterized in that, calculates the figure place M of leading character of identifier front and the information symbol INFO of identifier back according to the following equation according to described code word sequence number:
If code_num is less than 2
m-1, then,
M＝log
2(code_num+1)；
INFO＝code_num+1-2
M；
Otherwise:
M＝log2(code_num+2
m+n-2
m+1)-n；
INFO＝code_num+2
m+n-2
m+1-2
M+n；
Wherein, m 〉=0, n 〉=1; M is figure place from the initial leading character with figure place asymmetric property of identifier front, and n is the absolute value that figure place M and the information of identifier back of the leading character of identifier front accords with INFO figure place difference.
6, method for video coding according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described method also comprises: according to following formula compute codeword length L ength, be beneficial to carry out encoding and decoding:
If code_num is less than 2
m-1, then,
Length＝2M+1：
Otherwise,
Length＝2M+n+1。
7, a kind of video encoding/decoding method based on the described method for video coding of claim 5 is characterized in that comprising:
(1) reads the leading character figure place M of identifier front;
(2) if M＜m, then,
Read the M position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
Otherwise,
Read the M+n position information of identifier back, make its value be INFO;
(3) if M＜m, then,
code_num＝2
M+INFO-1；
Otherwise,
code_num＝INFO-2
m+n+2
m-1+2
M+n。
Determine to want the information of coding transmission according to gained code word sequence number code_num.
8, according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 described method for video coding, it is characterized in that, described identifier is binary one or " 0 ", when described identifier is " 1 ", described leading character is M position " 0 ", when described identifier was " 0 ", described leading character was M position " 1 ".
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