CN1588851A - 一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1588851A
CN1588851A CNA2004100663434A CN200410066343A CN1588851A CN 1588851 A CN1588851 A CN 1588851A CN A2004100663434 A CNA2004100663434 A CN A2004100663434A CN 200410066343 A CN200410066343 A CN 200410066343A CN 1588851 A CN1588851 A CN 1588851A
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biological
terminal
biological characteristic
time
extracts
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CN100466516C (zh
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梁敏
汪涤
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Miaxis Biometrics Co Ltd
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Miaxis Biometrics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置,除了生物特征提取模块,另增系统独立的实时时钟模块,并经由通信模块与外界发生通信联系。对时钟模块的设置和时间读取,只能由包裹其外的数据加/解密模块,以密文的方式与上位机进行数据交互。本发明所述的认证方法,生物特征提取终端A生成带有时间信息的生物特征数据,加密后,将加密信息通过公共网络上传到生物认证终端B;生物认证终端B接收加密信息予以解密,首先判断其附带的时间信息是否在允许的范围之内,若符合要求,则进行生物认证。本发明的有益效果是:1)堵塞了生物认证系统中一个普遍存在的安全漏洞;2)提高了生物认证系统的安全性和公信力;3)结合实际,容易实施。

Description

一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置和方法
所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物认证装置和系统,尤其是一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置和方法。
背景技术
生物认证技术Biometrics,是验证终端B通过生物特征提取终端A,从被验人C身上所测得生物特征TC(指纹、笔迹、声纹、虹膜、面相、步态、DNA等)后,查验它是否与某一合法备案的生物特征TC’相同,以确认C是否与TC’所声称的身份相符的过程。
生物特征提取终端A与生物验证终端B分处不同地理位置的认证,称作异地生物认证。目前公知的异地生物认证,一般通过公共网络进行信息交互。具体过程是:
1)验证终端B通过生物特征提取终端A,摄取被验人C的生物信息TC
2)留驻A端的生物特征提取算法FT,从IC中提取生物特征TC
    FT(IC)=TC
3)用A端密钥KA加密,形成密文:
    EkA[TC];
4)把密文从A端经由公共网络送至B端:
    EkA[TC]→B;
5)B端用密钥KB解密:
    DKB{EkA[TC]}=TC
6)用识别算法FV对TC与备案TC’比较,给出认证结果:
    FV(TC,TC’)=RC
7)用B端密钥KB加密验证结果:
    EKB[RC];
8)密文从B端经由公共网络送至A端:
    EKB[RC]→A.
其中第3)~5)步的加/解密处理,是为了防止生物特征信息在公共网络信道传输时被窃听、破解所采取的安全措施,参见图1。
但是,上述加密的生物特征信息如果在公共信道中被窃取,攻击者H即使不用破译密文,就可用重放攻击(playback)的方法,欺骗生物验证终端B,使认证系统失去公信力。
如图2.所示,当A端将加密生物特征数据EkA[TC]2.11送入公共网络2.2后,被网络攻击端H2.4窃听、复制后,在H认为必要的时刻,向生物验证终端B2.3重放该复制的加密生物特征数据EkA[TC]’2.41;B端接收到EkA[TC]’后,并不知道该信息已被复制、重放,照例响应,进行解密,检索生物特征数据库,进行比对;将验证结果RC加密后EKB[RC]2.31送入公共网络信道1.2;攻击者同样能截获结果信息EKB[RC],也可将复制信息EKB[RC]’2.42发往生物特征提取终端A2.1。
发明内容
为了克服生物特征数据在公共网络传输过程中被窃听复制、受到重放攻击的安全隐患,本发明提供一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置和方法,由硬件加密芯片保护、具有内部时钟系统的生物特征提取终端,对生物特征数据加盖上实时印记后加密传输,并在接收端建立“时间窗”,用以识别、警示重放攻击。
本发明解决以上技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
本发明所述的抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置,主要包括:一MCU微处理器完成各个功能模块的协调;耦合到MCU微处理器的存储器,含有由MCU微处理器执行的指令组;一实时时钟模块,该实时时钟模块是电连接于MCU微处理器,用以获得提取生物特征的精确时间;一生物特征提取模块,该生物特征提取模块是电连接于MCU微处理器,并经由该MCU微处理器的控制以感测人体生物信息、提取生物特征信息;一SAM安全模组,该SAM安全模组是电连接于MCU微处理器,用来完成数据的加解密;电源模块4.3提供系统的电源;一通信模块,该通信模块电连接于MCU微处理器,用以与上位机进行数据通讯。各模块之间的连接方式,如图4所示。
对现有生物特征提取终端A系统硬件结构加以改进,即除了生物特征提取模块3.1,另增实时时钟模块3.2,以获得提取生物特征的精确时间;采用加解/解密模块3.3将上述两个模块“封装”起来,经由(对外进行信息交换的惟一通道)通信模块3.4与外界发生通信联系。此时,实时时钟模块是系统独立的时钟,对其设置和时间读取,只能由包裹其外的数据加/解密模块,以密文的方式与上位机3.5进行数据交互。参见图3。
本发明所述的抵御重放攻击的生物认证方法,主要包含以下步骤:
1)、接受身份认证申请后,生物特征提取终端A向生物认证终端B提交同步申请;生物认证终端B一直处于等待接收认证申请状态,收到生物特征提取终端A发来的时间同步申请,将生物认证终端B系统的时钟信息加密后,发送给生物特征提取终端A;
2)、生物特征提取终端A接到生物认证终端B响应后,接收生物认证终端B的时间同步信息并进行解密,设置生物特征提取终端A的系统时间;
3)、生物特征提取终端A提取生物特征数据,提取生物特征提取终端A的系统时钟,生成带有时间信息的生物特征数据,加密后,将加密信息通过公共网络上传到生物认证终端B;
4)、生物认证终端B接收生物特征提取终端A的加密信息予以解密,首先判断其附带的时间信息是否在允许的范围之内,若符合要求,则进行生物认证;若生物特征数据提交的时间不在允许范围之内,视为有重放攻击的嫌疑,认证不予响应,软件流程转到继续等待新的认证申请;若时间参数符合要求,当生物特征不符,系统给出验证未通过的提示,流程也转入继续等待新的认证申请;若生物特征相符,系统给出认证通过的提示。
本发明为达到其技术目的所采取的具体方法如图5所示:
1)使生物特征提取终端A与生物认证终端B保证时钟的同步:
    /tA-tB/<Δt;
2)生物特征提取终端A提取生物特征值:
    FT(IC)=TC
3)加入生物特征提取终端A当前系统的时钟,形成实时生物特征值:
    TC+TA
4)用生物特征提取终端A密钥加密,经公共网络传送生物认证终端B;
    EKA[TC+tA]→B
5)生物认证终端B密钥解密:
    DKB{EKA[TC+tA]}=TC+tA
6)如果时延落在合理设定的时间窗tW1以内,即/tB-tA/<tW1
        判TC有效,进入后续验证程序7);
    否则
        判TC为无效,提示生物特征值传输超时,终止验证;
7)启动识别算法,给出识别结果:
    FV(TC,TC’)=RC
8)加入当前系统时间后,加密传输给生物特征提取终端A:
    EKB[RC+tB]→A;
9)生物特征提取终端A解密:
    DKA{EKB[RC+tB]}=RC+tB
10)如果时延落在合理设定的时间窗tW2以内,即/tB-tA/<tW2
       判RC有效,
否则
       判RC为无效,提示生物认证结果传输超时,终止验证。
本发明为解决以上技术问题而采用的技术方案还可以进一步完善:
一、可以采用建立同步握手协议的方式,实现上述生物特征提取终端A和生物认证终端B的两端时钟同步:
1)生物特征提取终端A以密文向生物认证终端B申请校时:
    EKA[Tset]→B
2)生物认证终端B解密:
    DKB{EKA[Tset]}=Tset
3)生物认证终端B采集本端时钟即即刻时点数,并加密,发送生物特征提取终端A:
    EKB[tB]→A
4)生物特征提取终端A解密,获得生物认证终端B时点值tB
    DKA{EKB[tB]}=tB
5)生物特征提取终端A校准本端时钟:
    tA=tBo
二、可以在接收端设置可变大小的时间窗,以适应不同安全等级:
1)设网络最小延时tmin
2)时间窗tW=α×tmin,其中α≥1为延时系数,以适应不同安全等级,α越大,系统稳定性越大,但安全等级越低。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)、一种有效防止异地生物认证重放攻击的方法,堵塞了生物认证系统中一个普遍存在的安全漏洞;
2)、提高了生物认证系统的安全性和公信力;
3)、结合实际,容易实施。
附图说明
图1生物认证系统构成示意图;
图2是生物认证在公共网络中受到重放攻击示意图;
图3是本发明生物特征提取终端的系统构成示意图;
图4是本发明生物特征提取终端硬件结构示意图;
图5是本发明为防止重放攻击采用的一种方法流程图;
图6是本发明一个较佳实施例的硬件结构图;
图7是本发明一个较佳实施例的硬件电路图;
图8是本发明一个较佳实施例的生物特征提取流程图;
图9是本发明一个较佳实施例的生物认证终端工作流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
图6是本发明一个较佳实施例的硬件结构图。其中通信模块6.1由通信接口电路6.11与通信控制电路6.12组成。通信控制电路6.12根据MCU6.6的指令,分别开放与生物特征提取模块6.5、或者与上位机6.7的数据通信;通信接口电路6.11将MCU的UART电平,转换成为上位机6.7使用的RS-232接口电平;增添FLASH6.61作为MCU的外部存储器,存储生物特征数据或其他必要数据。
图7是该较佳实施例的硬件电路图。其中:MCU微处理器U2的第5、7脚为数据接收/发送端。进行数据接收/发送时,由第13脚SERI发信号,给通信控制电路CD4052BU5的第10脚SERI,告知通信对象后,U5分别通过1RDSM、12TDSM或者5RDPC、14TDPC,连通通信接口电路U6相应的引脚,达到分别与生物特征提取模块J1或者上位机J2通信的目的;时钟芯片DS1302U7第6脚DSSDA串行数据线,在第5TIME、7DSCLK时序控制下,与MCU进行提取时间/设定时间双向交流;SAM加解密电路U9第2SAMRST复位、6SAMSDA数据发送脚与在U2第35、34相连接;U3为MCU的复位芯片;U4为2兆FLASH,与MCU的40ATSCK、41ATST连接;U6为I/O接口芯片,作用是将UART电平转换为RS-232接口电平。
图8是该较佳实施例中生物特征提取终端A,提取生物特征软件的流程图。系统接受身份认证申请8.1后,向验证终端B提交同步申请8.2,接到生物认证终端B响应,接收生物认证终端B时间同步信息8.3并进行解密8.4,设置系统时间8.5,提取生物特征数据8.6,提取本系统时钟8.7,生成带有时间信悉的生物特征数据8.8加密8.9后,将加密数据通过公共网络上传到生物认证终端B8.10
图9是该较佳实施例中生物认证终端B的软件流程图。系统一直处于等待接收认证申请状态9.1,收到生物特征提取终端A发来的时间同步申请9.2,将本系统的时钟信息加密后,发送给生物特征提取终端A9.3。然后接收A的加密信息予以解密9.4,首先判断其附带的时间信息是否在允许的范围之内9.5,若符合要求,则进行生物认证9.6;若生物特征数据提交的时间不在允许范围之内,视为有重放攻击的嫌疑,认证不予响应,软件流程转到9.1继续等待新的认证申请;若时间参数符合要求,当生物特征不符,系统给出验证未通过的提示,流程也转入9.1继续等待新的认证申请。若生物特征相符,系统给出认证通过的提示9.7。

Claims (5)

1、一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证方法,其特征是:该方法主要包含以下步骤:
1)、接受身份认证申请(8.1)后,生物特征提取终端A向生物认证终端B提交同步申请(8.2);生物认证终端B一直处于等待接收认证申请状态(9.1),收到生物特征提取终端A发来的时间同步申请(9.2),将生物认证终端B系统的时钟信息加密后,发送给生物特征提取终端A(9.3);
2)、生物特征提取终端A接到生物认证终端B响应后,接收生物认证终端B的时间同步信息(8.3)并进行解密(8.4),设置生物特征提取终端A的系统时间(8.5);
3)、生物特征提取终端A提取生物特征数据(8.6),提取生物特征提取终端A的系统时钟(8.7),生成带有时间信息的生物特征数据(8.8),加密(8.9)后,将加密信息通过公共网络上传到生物认证终端B(8.10);
4)、生物认证终端B接收生物特征提取终端A的加密信息予以解密(9.4),首先判断其附带的时间信息是否在允许的范围之内(9.5),若符合要求,则进行生物认证(9.6);若生物特征数据提交的时间不在允许范围之内,视为有重放攻击的嫌疑,认证不予响应,软件流程转到(9.1)继续等待新的认证申请;若时间参数符合要求,当生物特征不符,系统给出验证未通过的提示,流程也转入(9.1)继续等待新的认证申请;若生物特征相符,系统给出认证通过的提示(9.7)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的抵御重放攻击的生物认证方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
1)使生物特征提取终端A与生物认证终端B保证时钟的同步:
/tA--tB/<Δt;
2)生物特征提取终端A提取生物特征值:
FT(Ic)=Tc
3)加入生物特征提取终端A当前系统的时钟,形成实时生物特征值:
Tc+tA
4)用生物特征提取终端A密钥加密,经公共网络传送生物认证终端B;
EKA[TC+tA]→B
5)生物认证终端B密钥解密:
DKB{EKA[Tc+tA]}=TC+tA
6)如果时延落在合理设定的时间窗tW1以内,即/tB-tA/<tW1
判TC有效,进入后续验证程序7);
否则
判Tc为无效,提示生物特征值传输超时,终止验证;
7)启动识别算法,给出识别结果:
FV(TC,TC’)=RC
8)加入当前系统时间后,加密传输给生物特征提取终端A:
EKB[RC+tB]→A;
9)生物特征提取终端A解密:
DKA{EKB[RC+tB]}=RC+tB
10)如果时延落在合理设定的时间窗tW2以内,即/tB-tA/<tW2
判RC有效,
否则
判RC为无效,提示生物认证结果传输超时,终止验证。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的抵御重放攻击的生物认证方法,其特征在于,采用建立同步握手协议的方式,实现上述生物特征提取终端A和生物认证终端B的两端时钟同步:
1)生物特征提取终端A以密文向生物认证终端B申请校时:
EKA[Tset]→B
2)生物认证终端B解密:
DKB{EKA[Tset]}=Tset
3)生物认证终端B采集本端时钟即即刻时点数,并加密,发送生物特征提取终端A:
EKB[tB]→A
4)生物特征提取终端A解密,获得生物认证终端B时点值tB
DKA{EKB[tB]}=tB
5)生物特征提取终端A校准本端时钟:
tA=tB。。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的抵御重放攻击的生物认证方法,其特征在于,在接收端设置可变大小的时间窗,以适应不同安全等级:
1)设网络最小延时tmin
2)时间窗tW=α×tmin,其中α≥1为延时系数,以适应不同安全等级,α越大,系
统稳定性越大,但安全等级越低。
5、一种抵御重放攻击的生物认证装置,其特征在于:生物特征提取终端A包括:
一MCU微处理器(4.6);
耦合到MCU微处理器(4.6)的存储器,含有由MCU微处理器(4.6)执行的指令组;
一实时时钟模块(4.4),该实时时钟模块(4.4)是电连接于MCU微处理器(4.6),用以获得提取生物特征的精确时间;
一生物特征提取模块(4.5),该生物特征提取模块(4.5)是电连接于MCU微处理器(4.6),并经由该MCU微处理器(4.6)的控制以感测人体生物信息、提取生物特征信息;
一SAM安全模组(4.2),该SAM安全模组(4.2)是电连接于MCU微处理器(4.6),用来完成数据的加解密;
一通信模块(4.1),该通信模块(4.1)电连接于MCU微处理器(4.6),用以与上位机(4.7)进行数据通讯。
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Patentee before: Zhongzheng Biological Identification Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou

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Address after: 310012 Zhejiang Hangzhou Xihu District Wensanlu Road 90 71 Building 5 East 505-508, West 501-508 room

Patentee after: MIAXIS Biometrics Co., Ltd.

Address before: 310012 A1201-A1204, 12 floor, science and technology building, Hangzhou East Software Park, 90, Wensanlu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

Patentee before: MIAXIS Biometrics Co., Ltd.

CP02 Change in the address of a patent holder