CN1587342A - Organic polymer material containing screw fluorene structure and its use - Google Patents
Organic polymer material containing screw fluorene structure and its use Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind of organic/polymer electroluminescent material with improved electron and hole injecting and transferring balance performance, raised stability and ordered structure. The material contains spiral fluorene structure with certain transferring effect and capable of reducing the formation of molecular aggregate, raising vitrification point of material and improving heat stability and spectral stability; oxdiazole structure with excellent electron transferring performance; and hole transferring structure, such as thiophene, thiophene oligomer, fluorene, fluorene oligomer, etc. The material of the present invention has greatly improved electroluminescent performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the organic polymer material technical field, be specifically related to a class and contain spiral Wu, oxadiazole and p-type virtue structure such as thiophene, oligo-thiophenes, fluorenes, oligomerization fluorenes, triphenylamine, carbazole, substituted benzene, thionaphthene or benzothiazole etc., structure relative regular organic/polymer materials and application thereof.
Background technology
Organic/polymer electroluminescent device (Organic/Polymer Light-Emitting Device, the change that fast development OLED/PLED) has brought revolution for the technique of display field.Advantages such as the indicating meter made from it has high image quality, and screen size can arbitrarily be adjusted, and energy consumption is low, and light weight and approaching adopts the flexible macromolecule substrate collapsible, and tooling cost is low have been represented the development trend in following technique of display field.
C.W.Tang in 1987 etc. successfully develop a kind of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), do hole transmission layer (HTL) with aniline-TPD, and aluminium and 8-hydroxy-quinoline complex compound-ALQ are as luminescent layer (EML).Its operating voltage is less than 10V, and brightness is up to 1000cd/m
2Nineteen ninety, people's reported first such as the breadboard J.H.Burroughes of the Cavendish of univ cambridge uk with PPV (poly (p-phenylene vinylene), the polymeric film electroluminescent device of p-phenylene vinylene's preparation, obtained the blue green light output of direct-current biasing driving less than 14V, its quantum yield is 0.05%.Subsequently, the D.Braum of California, USA university and A.J.Heerge have reported that in 1992 its trigger voltage is 3V, has obtained the luminous of effective green and orange-yellow two kinds of colors with the photodiode of PPV and derivative preparation thereof.These breakthrough progress make this field become a research focus in recent years.
From 1987 till now, OLED technical development very rapid, especially the stability of device is greatly improved, and reaches practical requirement basically.Wherein the transformation period of green light material has reached 2～50,000 hours, and the transformation period of blue light material is also above 30,000 hours.And aspect luminous efficiency, OLED then is higher than the level of PDP and TFT-LCD far away.Aspect the colorize of device, proposed to comprise that three primary colours method, white light add multiple schemes such as colour filter embrane method, blue light energy transformation method, and had many companies to release the OLED sample that full color shows.
Organic electroluminescence device belongs to the two injection type luminescent devices of current carrier, is that injected electrons and hole are compound and luminous by radiation deexcitation generation in organism.Therefore, the injection balance in electronics and hole realizes that to device higher luminous efficiency is very important.Now, in order to solve electronics, this problem of hole transport balance, people have introduced electron transfer layer (ETL) or hole transmission layer (HTL) in organic electroluminescence device, formed the multilayer device structure, and use the material of low work content to make negative electrode.Though these methods can improve quantum yield to a certain extent, also have many problems.For example, the multilayer device structure has very big difficulty on technology of preparing, and low work function materials is extremely responsive for the variation of atmospheric gas pressure, extremely difficult compression.So producing the intrinsic structure for the PLEDs that develops efficient stable just has the polymkeric substance of equilibrated electron hole transmission performance just to seem highly significant.
In addition, as the electroluminescent material of luminescent layer, its stability problem also is a urgent problem.The small molecules organic compound is because easily crystallization, thereby forms stain after making device easily in film, thereby reduces the life-span of device; Have the oligomer of amorphous feature and the generation that polymer materials then can be avoided this situation to a certain extent, thereby need a kind of polymer materials that can have higher thermostability of exploitation.Yet more existing polymer electroluminescence materials are such as poly-fluorenes class material, in solid-state, form excimer or molecule aggregates easily, cause the reduction of its luminous cancellation and device efficiency, thereby the spectrum stability that improves material is also particularly important.In recent years some studies show that, introduce the fluorene structured thermostability and the spectrum stability that can improve material to a certain extent of spiral in polymkeric substance, in organic/polymer electroluminescence material field very important application prospects are arranged.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of injection and output balance quality that can improve material electronics and hole, the organic/polymer materials and the application thereof that improve material thermostability and spectrum stability.
Organic/polymer materials that the present invention proposes, be in the structure of material Yin Ru oxadiazole structure as electric transmission section (n section), introducing has the structure of hole transport performance as hole transport section (p section), these structures with hole transport performance have thiophene, oligo-thiophenes, fluorenes, oligomerization fluorenes, triphenylamine, carbazole, substituted benzene, thionaphthene, benzothiazole etc., and spiral is fluorene structured except transmission is had certain effect, can also reduce the formation of intermolecular aggregate, thereby the raising stability of material.
The present invention said organic/structure of polymer electroluminescence material is shown below:
Wherein, the p-type structure monomer that the Ar representative has the hole transport performance, for having the system of virtue, m represents the repetition number of single Ar structure, m 〉=1; N represents the number of whole repeating unit, n 〉=1, and the R representative is as the end capped group of polymer molecular chain.
In the above-mentioned materials, having the p-type structure Ar of hole transport performance, can be a kind of of structures such as thiophene, oligo-thiophenes, fluorenes, oligomerization fluorenes, triphenylamine, carbazole, substituted benzene, thionaphthene, benzothiazole.For example:
Thiophene fluorenes benzene
Thionaphthene triphenylamine carbazole
Benzothiazole
Has in the structure of hole transport performance R at these
1And R
2Refer to that some are identical or different, be used for the deliquescent group of strongthener, as long chain alkane (as octyl group, hexyl, dodecyl etc.), long-chain alkoxy base (as 2-ethyl hexyl oxy, octyloxy etc.), it also can be the group that contains aryl and long chain hydrocarbon groups, such as: (4-octyloxy) phenyl, (4-(2-ethyl hexyl oxy)) phenyl etc.; X and y also can be identical or different, x, y＜3.
In the above-mentioned materials, as the end capped radicals R of molecular chain, can be alkyl, also can be aryl, also can be H atom or other structures.
The synthesis material of above-mentioned materials mainly contains two classes, and its structure is as follows:
Br-Ar-Br
Raw material one raw material two
They all are to contain bromine atoms (also can be the iodine atom) as the reactive behavior end.
The preparation method of above-mentioned materials mainly contains following two kinds:
Method one: at first, the active end of the halogen of two kinds of raw materials all is converted into carboxylic acid structure, concrete method also mainly contains two kinds: one, use halogen and butyllithium reaction formation R-Li structure, then again with exsiccant CO
2Reaction is translated into corresponding carboxylic acid; Its two, halogen atom is transformed itrile group, (two kinds of methods all can reference: Jianfu ding, Michael Day, Gilles Robertsonm and Jacques Roovers and posthydrolysis obtains carboxyl; Macromolecules 2002,35:3474-3483).
Secondly, with a kind of feedstock conversion with dicarboxyl structure wherein is corresponding diacid chloride monomer, and be corresponding two hydrazides structures with another feedstock conversion, under anhydrous condition, make reaction medium with basic solvent, realize the functional group reactions between two kinds of bifunctional monomers, slough HCl, realize condensation, form following structure:
Wherein, Ar
1Or Ar
2Refer to the fluorene structured and aforesaid p-type of spiral modular construction.
Then, re-use POCl
3As dewatering agent, with two Ar
1And Ar
2Between structure carry out dehydration ring closure, thereby the structure of Xing Cheng oxadiazole.Similarly reaction method can reference: Hong Meng and Wei Huang; J.Org.Chem.2000,65:3894-3901.
Method two: the way that a kind of raw material is wherein addressed according to first method is converted into corresponding diacid chloride earlier, and the halogen-containing raw material of another kind is converted into corresponding dinitrile structure earlier, then is converted into corresponding tetrazolium structure again.The diacid chloride structure refluxes under alkaline condition with the monomer with two tetrazolium structures can obtain the compound of target, and reaction expression is as follows:
Wherein, Ar
1Or Ar
2Refer to the unitary structure of the fluorene structured or aforesaid p-type of spiral, n 〉=1.
(this method specifically can reference: Jianfu ding, Michael Day, Gilles Robertsonm andJacques Roovers; Macromolecules 2002,35:3474-3483.)
In addition,, in the selection of raw material, may be different from the structure of the above two kinds of raw material, and the synthetic method of target compound also is not limited to two kinds of above-mentioned methods according to the situation in the concrete building-up process.
Compound involved in the present invention mainly is used as the preparation of organic polymer electroluminescent device.In addition, material involved in the present invention also can be in the widespread use that has of other field, such as the organic integration circuit, and organic field effect tube, OTFT, organic solar batteries, the application in organic laser diode or the like field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is solution and the solid uv-absorbing and the fluorescence spectrum spectrogram of model molecule.
Wherein, solution is for using CHCl
3As solvent, strength of solution＜10
-5Mol/L; Fluorescence spectrum uses the light of 380nm to excite.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is further specified, rather than limits the scope of the invention:
One, synthon:
Embodiment 1, Synthetic 2,7-two bromo-9,9 '-spiral fluorenes
The preparation process of this compound is described in: Wang-Lin Yu, Jian Pei, Wei Huang, and Alan J.Heger; Adv.Mater.2000,12:828-831
Embodiment 2, Synthetic 2-butyl-7-carboxyl-9,9 '-spiral fluorenes
The structure of this compound as shown in the formula:
Take by weighing 0.95g 2,7-two bromo-9,9 '-spiral fluorenes (2mmol) places the 50ml round-bottomed flask, uses biexhaust pipe vacuum nitrogen filling gas with the guarantee system drying.Get the THF of 20ml, be injected in the system through no water treatment.Make system be cooled to-78 ℃.N-BuLi 3.5ml (5.6mmol) to wherein slowly injecting 1.6M adds in about 2 hours, then makes system slowly be returned to room temperature, keeps 1h.Again system is cooled to-78 ℃.The CO of the drying treatment of in system, stimulating the menstrual flow
2Air-flow reacts about 2h, makes system slowly be returned to room temperature again, reacts 2h again.Mixed solution uses the hcl acidifying of 2M to handle, then with extracted with diethyl ether.Organic phase is with anhydrous MgSO
4Dry.With the solvent evaporate to dryness, crude product separates by column chromatography, can isolate target product, about 0.25g, and productive rate is about 30%.
1H-NMR(DMSO-d
6，400MHz)：12.87-12.80(s，1H，COO-H)，8.08-7.94(m，5H，Ar-H)，7.44-7.38(td，2H，Ar-H)，7.30-7.26(dd，1H，Ar-H)，7.18-7.10(td，2H，Ar-H)，7.02-7.00(d，1H，Ar-H)，6.62-6.58(d，2H，Ar-H)，6.48-6.45(s，1H，Ar-H)，2.46-2.41(t，2H，Ar-CH
2-)，1.40-0.70(m，7H，-CH
2-CH
2-CH
3)
Embodiment 3, Synthetic 2,5-diethoxy carbonyl-3,4-dihydroxyl thiophene
The structure of this compound is shown below, and its preparation process is described in: Tetrahedron, 1967, Vol.23, pp.2437-2441
Embodiment 4, Synthetic 2,5-two hydrazides-3,4-two (2-ethyl hexyl oxy) thiophene
This monomeric structure is shown below:
2,5-diethoxy carbonyl-3,4-dihydroxyl thiophene (26g, 0.1mol), K
2CO
3(30g, 0.22mol) and 2-ethyl-hexyl bromide 1 bromohexane (42.3g 0.22mol) is dissolved among the 150ml DMF, spends the night 90 ℃ of following reflux.With the extracted with diethyl ether product, organic phase is with MgSO
4Dry.After the solvent evaporated, the gained residual liquid carries out column chromatography with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=4: 6 and obtains the weak yellow liquid product, is 2,5-diethoxy carbonyl-3, the about 35g of 4-two (2-ethyl hexyl oxy) thiophene.Then gained liquid is dissolved in 100ml ethanol, and to wherein adding the 18ml hydrazine hydrate, mixed solution boils off ethanol again at 70 ℃ of about 24h that reflux down, water is with chloroform extraction.Organic phase is used MgSO
4After the drying, boil off solvent, carry out column chromatography as elutriant with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=6: 4.Obtain product and be about 30g, be slightly faint yellow waxy solid.
1H-NMR(DMSO-d
6，400MHz)：8.82-8.75(s，2H，-NH-)，4.58-4.50(s，4H，-NH
2)，4.05-3.95(d，4H，-OCH
2-)，1.72-0.80(broad，30H，-CH(C
2H
5)C
4H
9)
Two, the synthetic model molecular compound that only contains a repeating unit:
Embodiment 5
The structure of model molecule is shown below:
Get 2-butyl-7-carboxyl-9,9 '-spiral fluorenes 0.18g (0.43mmol) is to wherein adding 5mlSOCl
2,, make the carboxyl chloride at 80 ℃ of following backflow 5h.The excessive SOCl of pressure reducing and steaming then
2, in system, slowly drip 2,5-two hydrazides-3,4-two (2-ethyl hexyl oxy) thiophene (0.085g, 0.19mmol) with the mixed solution of 10ml anhydrous pyridine, mixture then is added drop-wise to mixture in the water at 80 ℃ of about 5h that reflux down, and the use chloroform extracts.After the solvent evaporated, obtain solid residue.The POCl that in solid residue, adds 10ml
3, about 5h that refluxes about 80 ℃ then with the mixture hydrolysis, uses chloroform extraction, obtains filemot solid behind the solvent evaporate to dryness, can obtain the target product of about 0.1g by the method for column chromatography.
1H-NMR(CDCl
3，400MHz)：8.17-8.12(dd，2H，Ar-H)，7.95-7.91(d，2H，Ar-H)，7.90-7.85(d，4H，Ar-H)，7.83-7.79(d，2H，Ar-H)，7.45-7.35(m，6H，Ar-H)，7.25-7.21(dd，2H，Ar-H)，7.15-7.09(td，4H，Ar-H)，6.76-6.71(d，4H，Ar-H)，6.57-6.54(s，2H，Ar-H)，4.10-3.99(m，4H，-OCH
2-)，2.50-2.43(t，4H，Ar-CH
2-)，1.70-0.71(broad，44H，-CH(C
2H
5)C
4H
9，-CH
2-CH
2-CH
3)
The solid of model molecule P1 and the uv-absorbing of solution and fluorescence spectrum spectrogram are referring to accompanying drawing.
Three, the preparation of organic polymer electroluminescent device:
Embodiment 6, preparation organic polymer electroluminescent device
The ITO transparent conducting glass is dissolved in THF (2.5% with model compound P1 after cleaning.Mass concentration), evenly coat on the ito substrate with the method for Spin-coating, control thickness 150-200nm, then, vacuum evaporation magnesium and aluminium are made electrode, can be made into the individual layer electroluminescent device.
The ITO transparent conducting glass is after cleaning, evaporation CuPc and NPB successively thereon, then with the solution that evenly is coated with the THF of one deck model compound, evaporating Al Q behind the dry solidification, deposit magnesium again and silver is made electrode, can be made into structure is the multilayer electroluminescent device of ITO/CuPc/NPB/P-1/AlQ/Mg:Ag.
Embodiment 7, the preparation organic film FET
With tin indium oxide ITO as source electrode and drain electrode, after utilizing photoetching to prepare the source electrode and drain electrode that channel length is 50 μ m, model compound P1 among the embodiment 5 is used as semiconductor layer, method with spin coating forms a skim thereon, vacuum moulding machine polytetrafluoroethylene floor and silver electrode can be prepared into organic film FET respectively as insulation layer and grid successively again.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of organic/polymer materials, it is characterized in that drawing in the structure into the oxadiazole structure as electric transmission section (n section), introduce have the hole transport performance structure as hole transport section (p section), its structure is shown below:
Wherein, the p-type structure monomer that the Ar representative has the hole transport performance, m represents monomeric repetition number, m 〉=1; N represents the number of whole repeating unit, n 〉=1; The R representative is as the end capped group of polymer molecular chain.
2, according to claim 1 organic/polymer materials, it is characterized in that said p-type structure monomer A r with transmission performance is a kind of of thiophene, oligo-thiophenes, fluorenes, oligomerization fluorenes, triphenylamine, carbazole, substituted benzene, thionaphthene, benzothiazole.
3, according to claim 1 organic/polymer materials, it is characterized in that containing in the described p-type structure monomer group of long chain alkane, long-chain alkoxy base, perhaps contain the group of virtue group and long chain hydrocarbon groups.
4, according to claim 1 organic/polymer materials, it is characterized in that as the end capped radicals R of polymer molecular chain be alkyl, aryl, or H's is a kind of.
5, a kind of organic according to claim 1/application of polymer materials in electroluminescent device.
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| CN100412074C (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2008-08-20 | 北京大学 | Oxadiazole derivative containing carbazolyl and its electroluminescent device |
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| JP4254129B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2009-04-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Curtain device for vehicle |
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