CN1576358A - Starch /gelatin/glycerol aqueous compound elastic current change colloid - Google Patents
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- CN1576358A CN1576358A CN 200310124001 CN200310124001A CN1576358A CN 1576358 A CN1576358 A CN 1576358A CN 200310124001 CN200310124001 CN 200310124001 CN 200310124001 A CN200310124001 A CN 200310124001A CN 1576358 A CN1576358 A CN 1576358A
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005685 electric field effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明介绍了一种淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体。该复合弹性电流变胶体是在直流电场作用下将不溶性淀粉分散于明胶/甘油/水组成的介质中制得的，是一种力学性能可由分散相颗粒浓度和外加电场控制的含水电流变材料。这种材料制备过程简便，材料性能稳定，无腐蚀，无污染，成本低廉。其颗粒浓度调节范围是wt％淀粉＝0.5～35，由此可引起压缩模量增加至2～3倍；在淀粉百分含量为25％时，胶体的电流变效应最强烈，当胶凝电场为1.5～2kV/mm，测试电场为1.0～2.0kV/mm时，压缩模量提高了60～65％。
The invention introduces a starch/gelatin/glycerol aqueous composite elastic electrorheological colloid. The composite elastic electrorheological colloid is prepared by dispersing insoluble starch in a medium composed of gelatin/glycerol/water under the action of a direct current electric field, and is a water-containing electrorheological material whose mechanical properties can be controlled by the particle concentration of the dispersed phase and an applied electric field. The preparation process of this material is simple, the material performance is stable, there is no corrosion, no pollution, and the cost is low. The adjustment range of its granule concentration is wt% starch = 0.5-35, which can cause the compressive modulus to increase to 2-3 times; when the starch percentage is 25%, the electrorheological effect of the colloid is the strongest, when the gelling electric field When the test electric field is 1.0-2.0kV/mm, the compressive modulus increases by 60-65%.
Description
技术领域 本发明涉及一种有机流变颗粒/含水有机高分子电流变胶体，特别涉及淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体Technical Field The present invention relates to an organic rheological particle/aqueous organic polymer electrorheological colloid, in particular to a starch/gelatin/glycerol aqueous composite elastic electrorheological colloid
背景技术 电流变材料是一类智能型的软物质。电流变液体是由高介电常数、低电导率的电解质颗粒分散于低介电常数的绝缘液体中组成的复杂体系。它具有快速和可逆地对电场做出响应，并可通过调节电场强度改变其表观粘度和屈服应力的优良性能，因而被用于各种仪器上，在工业部门中有广泛的应用前景。但是由于在使用过程中存在着一些不足，如颗粒的沉降引起电流变效应的不平衡，使用仪器的被腐蚀等，电流变液体的综合性能还不能完全满足工业化要求，限制了它的广泛应用。目前学术界解决该问题多采用对分散相颗粒进行改性，来提高电流变液体的电流变效应和稳定性。Background Art Electrorheological materials are a class of intelligent soft matter. Electrorheological fluid is a complex system composed of electrolyte particles with high dielectric constant and low conductivity dispersed in insulating liquid with low dielectric constant. It has the excellent properties of fast and reversible response to the electric field, and can change its apparent viscosity and yield stress by adjusting the electric field strength, so it is used in various instruments and has broad application prospects in the industrial sector. However, due to some shortcomings in the process of use, such as the imbalance of the electrorheological effect caused by the sedimentation of particles, and the corrosion of the used equipment, the comprehensive performance of the electrorheological fluid cannot fully meet the requirements of industrialization, which limits its wide application. At present, to solve this problem, the academic circles mostly use the modification of the dispersed phase particles to improve the electrorheological effect and stability of the electrorheological fluid.
电流变胶体，是将流变颗粒分散在高分子化合物的凝胶网络中得到的复合弹性物体。其中流变颗粒在母体中被锁住，阻止了颗粒的沉降，同时颗粒在电场中因极化而导致的相互静电作用又使胶体的粘弹性在电场中改变，显示出电流变效应，而且在使用中无泄漏、对仪器无磨损。这种材料的制备和研究越来越受到人们的关注。Electrorheological colloids are composite elastic objects obtained by dispersing rheological particles in the gel network of polymer compounds. Among them, the rheological particles are locked in the matrix, which prevents the sedimentation of the particles. At the same time, the mutual electrostatic interaction caused by the polarization of the particles in the electric field changes the viscoelasticity of the colloid in the electric field, showing the electrorheological effect. There is no leakage and no wear to the instrument during use. The preparation and research of this material has attracted more and more people's attention.
作为电流变胶体的母体，研究者多选用与电流变液母体相似的硅胶无水体系，这类胶体的制备时间长，成本高，且不能够在潮湿环境中生产和使用。本文采用明胶/甘油含水体系作母体得到弹性水凝胶。该胶体的制备过程简捷，成本低廉，并可在普通环境中生产和使用，而且甘油的加入，改善了单纯明胶含水胶体的弹性。As the matrix of electrorheological colloids, researchers often choose silica gel anhydrous system similar to that of electrorheological fluids. The preparation time of such colloids is long, the cost is high, and it cannot be produced and used in a humid environment. In this paper, the gelatin/glycerol aqueous system was used as the matrix to obtain elastic hydrogels. The preparation process of the colloid is simple and low in cost, and can be produced and used in ordinary environments, and the addition of glycerin improves the elasticity of the pure gelatin hydrocolloid.
淀粉通常是由链淀粉和支淀粉两种葡聚多糖高分子组成，以颗粒形式存在，不溶于水，且在较低温度范围内分散性能比较稳定，同时它又是一种电流变形能较好的物质。在复合含水弹性电流变胶体中运用淀粉作为分散相，可以提高分散相颗粒的浓度，改善胶体的可调性。Starch is usually composed of two dextran macromolecules, amylopectin and amylopectin, which exist in the form of granules, are insoluble in water, and have relatively stable dispersion properties in a lower temperature range. substance. Using starch as the dispersed phase in the composite aqueous elastic electrorheological colloid can increase the particle concentration of the dispersed phase and improve the adjustability of the colloid.
文中着重对淀粉颗粒与明胶/甘油/水组成的弹性胶体的制备及电流变效应作了研究。In this paper, the preparation and electrorheological effect of the elastic colloid composed of starch granules and gelatin/glycerin/water are emphatically studied.
预期这种可智能化的‘软湿件’材料，在航空救生和生物医学等领域有良好的应用前景。It is expected that this kind of intelligent "software" material will have a good application prospect in the fields of aviation lifesaving and biomedicine.
发明内容 本发明通过施加直流电场使淀粉颗粒分散于明胶/甘油/水复合体系中制得了一种力学性能可受电场控制的含水电流变弹性体，制备工艺简单易行，成本低廉，实验操作能在常温下进行，对设备亦无特殊要求，产品的后处理过程容易实现。本发明的具体内容如下：SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, starch granules are dispersed in the gelatin/glycerin/water composite system by applying a direct current electric field to prepare a water-containing electrorheological elastomer whose mechanical properties can be controlled by an electric field. The preparation process is simple and easy, the cost is low, and the experimental operation can It is carried out at room temperature, and there is no special requirement for equipment, and the post-processing process of the product is easy to realize. Concrete content of the present invention is as follows:
将一定量明胶在60～70℃溶于一定体积的水中，得到质量百分浓度约为30％的明胶水溶液。按一定浓度要求(wt％淀粉＝0.5、5、10、15、20、25、30、35)称量不溶性淀粉，置于与水等体积的甘油中，在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨，使淀粉均匀分散到甘油中，(保持温度约70℃)，然后加入明胶水溶液，继续研磨，至淀粉充分分散于甘油/明胶含水体系中。然后将液体转移至有机玻璃盒(40×20×3mm3)中，在有、无外加直流电场(2.0kV/mm，1小时)作用下胶凝，温度25～70℃。连续在室温下胶凝7小时后，取出胶块，分别浸泡于4％的甲醛水溶液中进行化学胶联。24小时后用去离子水将胶块冲洗，浸泡，反复三次，每次5分钟，制得了淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性胶体。采用静态加载法运用自制应变仪，分别在有、无电场作用下对弹性胶体的压缩模量进行测试。A certain amount of gelatin is dissolved in a certain volume of water at 60-70°C to obtain an aqueous gelatin solution with a concentration of about 30% by mass. Weigh the insoluble starch according to a certain concentration requirement (wt% starch = 0.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35), place it in glycerin equal to the volume of water, and grind it fully in an agate mortar to make the starch Disperse evenly in glycerin (keep the temperature at about 70°C), then add gelatin aqueous solution and continue grinding until the starch is fully dispersed in the glycerin/gelatin aqueous system. Then the liquid was transferred to a plexiglass box (40×20×3mm 3 ), and gelled with or without an external DC electric field (2.0kV/mm, 1 hour) at a temperature of 25-70°C. After continuously gelling at room temperature for 7 hours, the gel blocks were taken out and soaked in 4% formaldehyde aqueous solution for chemical gelation. After 24 hours, the gel block was rinsed with deionized water, soaked, and repeated three times, each time for 5 minutes, to obtain a starch/gelatin/glycerin aqueous composite elastic colloid. The compressive modulus of the elastic colloid was tested with and without electric field by static loading method and homemade strain gauge.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1有电场条件下(E＝2kV/mm)胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场条件下测试的压缩模量Fig. 1 has the compressive modulus tested under electric field conditions (E=2kV/mm) gelation gained colloid with and without electric field conditions
图2无电场条件下胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场作用下测试的压缩模量Figure 2 The compressive modulus of the colloid obtained by gelling under the condition of no electric field with and without electric field
图3不同测试电场对在电场(E＝2kV/mm)中胶凝所得的胶体(wt％淀粉＝25)压缩模量的影响The impact of different test electric fields on the compressive modulus of the colloid (wt% starch=25) gelled in the electric field (E=2kV/mm) obtained in Fig. 3
具体实施方式 本发明的具体实施过程和方式由以下实施事例并附图详细说明。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The specific implementation process and manner of the present invention are described in detail by the following examples and accompanying drawings.
实施例一：(有电场条件下(E＝2kV/mm)胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场条件下测试的压缩模量)Embodiment one: (compression modulus tested under electric field conditions (E=2kV/mm) gelled gained colloid with and without electric field conditions)
将在有电场(E＝2kV/mm)作用下胶凝所得的弹性胶体分别在有、无电场(E＝1kV/mm)条件下测试其压缩模量，并分别对淀粉质量百分浓度作图，如图1。The elastic colloids obtained by gelling under the action of an electric field (E=2kV/mm) were tested for their compressive modulus under the conditions of having and without an electric field (E=1kV/mm), and plotted against the starch mass percentage concentration respectively ,Figure 1.
实施例二：(无电场条件下胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场作用下测试的压缩模量)Embodiment two: (the compressive modulus tested under the colloid of gelation gained under the condition of no electric field with and without electric field)
将在无电场作用下胶凝所得的弹性胶体分别在有、无电场(E＝1kV/mm)条件下测试其压缩模量，并分别对淀粉质量百分浓度作图，如图2。The compressive modulus of the elastic colloid obtained by gelling under the action of no electric field was tested with and without an electric field (E=1kV/mm), respectively, and plotted against the starch mass percentage concentration, as shown in Figure 2.
实施例三：(不同测试电场对在电场(E＝2kV/mm)中胶凝所得的胶体(wt％淀粉＝25)压缩模量的影响)Embodiment three: (the effect of different test electric fields on the colloid (wt% starch=25) compressive modulus that gelled in electric field (E=2kV/mm) gained)
将在电场(E＝2kV/mm)存在条件下胶凝得到的淀粉百分含量为25％的弹性胶体，在不同电场(0，1.0，1.25，1.5，1.75，2.0kV/mm)作用时测试其压缩模量，结果如图3。The elastic colloid with a starch percentage content of 25% gelatinized under the condition of an electric field (E=2kV/mm) was tested under different electric fields (0, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0kV/mm) The compressive modulus, the results are shown in Figure 3.
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| CN1098343C (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2003-01-08 | 西北工业大学 | Polysaccharide and inorganic oxide hybridized material as electric vheological liquid and its preparing method |
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