CN1571549A - An adjusting apparatus and method for array antenna send-receive channel - Google Patents
An adjusting apparatus and method for array antenna send-receive channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN1571549A CN1571549A CNA031495915A CN03149591A CN1571549A CN 1571549 A CN1571549 A CN 1571549A CN A031495915 A CNA031495915 A CN A031495915A CN 03149591 A CN03149591 A CN 03149591A CN 1571549 A CN1571549 A CN 1571549A
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Abstract
This invention discloses a correcting unit and its method of array antenna send receive channel. Receive correcting and emission correcting coupler that corresponding to the same antenna is bind into one to make the structure of the correcting system concise, and the cost is reduced. Input parts of emission channel testing signal is changed to passive in this invention, that is many-way selection switch is replaced by power splitter or mixer. The input parts are passive because the power splitter or mixer is passive, so it raises the adaptability to outdoor environment
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the alignment technique of array antenna transceiver channel, particularly a kind of means for correcting of array antenna transceiver channel and method.
Background technology
Wireless communication system adopts the antenna receiving-sending subscriber signal usually, particularly adopts smart antenna transmitting-receiving subscriber signal.Smart antenna is adjusted antenna pattern in real time by the weights that change array antenna, strengthen the signal gain on the direction of user position, thereby improve the intensity of subscriber signal in the wireless communication system effectively, reduce mutual interference between the subscriber signal, improved the performance of wireless communication system at aspects such as coverage, the availability of frequency spectrum and capacity.
Usually the smart antenna in the wireless communication system is mounted on the base station, and the directional beam of smart antenna can form at radio frequency, also can form in base band.No matter for the wave beam that forms in base band is up or descending, all is the control by this base band beam direction of complex weighted realization of adjusting each transceiver channel baseband signal.No matter the base band wave beam is to receive or emission, for the beam direction that makes the smart antenna mouth can real corresponding base band complex weighted, require the channel response unanimity of each transceiver channel from the base band to the antenna opening, promptly the amplitude characteristic of transfer function is consistent with phase characteristic between each passage.But in real system, no matter the base band wave beam is to receive or emission, the channel response of each transceiver channel from the base band to the antenna opening is inconsistent, and this will seriously reduce the quality that forms the base band wave beam, and intelligent antenna technology can't be applied in the wireless communication system.Therefore, no matter the base band wave beam is to receive or emission, all must proofread and correct the channel response inconsistency of each transceiver channel from the base band to the antenna opening, is called for short channel correcting.
Existing channel correcting can be divided into self-correcting, the diverter switch formula is proofreaied and correct and three kinds of methods of pouring-in correction, wherein:
Automatic correcting method is a kind of optimization method in essence, because its algorithm complexity, robustness is difficult to guarantee, is difficult to realize in antenna system;
The bearing calibration of diverter switch formula is mainly used in the correction of transmission channel, this method is strobed into the radiofrequency signal of each transmission channel near the smart antenna place in the same road correction receiver successively by the radio frequency diverter switch, because the signal of each transmission channel is known, can from the baseband signal of proofreading and correct receiver output, extract the response of each transmission channel, calculate again to receive and dispatch correction coefficient and implement and proofread and correct;
Pouring-in bearing calibration by injecting test signal to transceiver channel, utilizes the response of extracting each transceiver channel through the test signal behind each transceiver channel then, calculates the transmitting-receiving correction coefficient then and implements and proofread and correct.
Pouring-in bearing calibration is divided into pouring-in bearing calibration of coupler and the pouring-in bearing calibration of empty feedback.The pouring-in bearing calibration of empty feedback is divided into the pouring-in bearing calibration of pouring-in bearing calibration near field and far field.The pouring-in bearing calibration near field is used less owing to can produce occlusion effect to antenna.The pouring-in bearing calibration in far field needs an external dual-mode antenna, has increased the requirement to equipment and base station installation environment, is difficult to use in wireless communication system, so the pouring-in bearing calibration of coupler is mostly adopted in pouring-in bearing calibration.
In the intelligent antenna base station of existing wireless communications system the block diagram of corrective system scheme as shown in Figure 1, this is that a kind of the reception proofread and correct to use the pouring-in bearing calibration of coupler, emission to proofread and correct the corrective system of using the bearing calibration of diverter switch formula, its specific descriptions are:
Receive cor-rection loop: proofread and correct synchronization module 112 and produce synchronous control signal, the test signal of the baseband form that receive path test signal generator 113 produces under the control of synchronous control signal, the calibrated transmitter 111 of this test signal is transformed to radiofrequency signal and output, after power splitter 109 shunt, be injected into respectively by coupler 107-1～107-N and form each receive path signal in each receive path, each receive path signal sends to correction coefficient extraction module 114 by the duplexer 105-1～105-N and the receiver 103-1～103-N of corresponding each receive path respectively.Correction coefficient extraction module 114 extracts the response of each receive path from each receive path signal, RESPONSE CALCULATION according to each receive path goes out the required correction coefficient of each receive path again, under the synchronous control signal control of proofreading and correct synchronization module 112, this correction coefficient is delivered to the upward signal that in the correction module 102 each receive path reception is come and proofread and correct, the upward signal after proofreading and correct is sent to baseband processing module 101.
The emission cor-rection loop: the major part of transmission channel signal energy is launched by antenna, the small part signal energy is delivered on the multidiameter option switch 108 by coupler, by multidiameter option switch 108, corrective system switches to the signal of each transmission channel in the correction receiver 110 seriatim, is transformed to baseband signal by proofreading and correct receiver 110.The original signal that only comprises the base station in the transmission channel signal, its baseband form is known, this known baseband signal is delivered to correction coefficient extraction module 114 from baseband processing module, proofreaies and correct the baseband signal of receiver output simultaneously and also delivers to correction coefficient extraction module 114.Correction coefficient extraction module 114 compares these two kinds of baseband signals, extracts the response of each transmission channel.Go out the correction coefficient of each transmission channel again according to the RESPONSE CALCULATION of each transmission channel, under the synchronous control signal control of proofreading and correct synchronization module 112, this correction coefficient is delivered to the signal of in the correction module 102 each transmission channel being launched and proofread and correct, the signal after proofreading and correct is launched by transmitter 104-1～104-N, two merit device 105-1～105-N, coupler and antenna.Because downstream signal is to proofread and correct earlier to deliver to each transmission channel again, correction module 102 will be deducted correction coefficient earlier when extracting the response of each transmission channel influence.
Correction module in this corrective system has comprised reception calibration function and emission calibration function simultaneously, and correction is carried out baseband signal, comprises time-delay correction and amplitude and phase correction.
In this corrective system, the correction coefficient extraction module has adopted software to realize extracting the method for correction coefficient, promptly adopts central processing unit (CPU) or digital signal processor (DSP) calculation correction coefficient in the correction coefficient extraction module.
The described corrective system of Fig. 1 has following shortcoming, shortcoming one: emission cor-rection loop and reception cor-rection loop have been used two cover couplers, and same smart antenna has reception and launches two couplers, has increased complexity and cost; Shortcoming two: used multi-channel switch in the emission cor-rection loop, because the control section of diverter switch need power up, increased the complexity of corrective system and potential unsteadiness,, will be difficult to bear outdoor adverse circumstances if multi-channel switch is placed on the antenna; If multi-channel switch is placed on the base station indoor unit, certainly will to use many cables that the multichannel coupled signal is introduced indoor unit, the inconsistency of a plurality of cables will be mapped directly to the correct residual error of passage.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of means for correcting of array antenna transceiver channel, and this means for correcting is simple for structure, has reduced the cost of corrective system.
The present invention provides a kind of bearing calibration of array antenna transceiver channel on the other hand, and this method has improved the adaptive capacity of corrective system to outdoor environment, has improved the performance of corrective system.
According to above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of means for correcting of array antenna transceiver channel, this device comprises correction module, correction receiver, correct transmission machine, proofreaies and correct synchronization module and receive path measuring signal generator, this device also comprises transmission channel measuring signal generator, N road complex adder, N road coupler, merit branch/mixer, proofreaies and correct duplexer and correction coefficient extraction module, wherein
The transmission channel measuring signal generator is used for producing under the control of proofreading and correct synchronization module and sends N drive test trial signal to N road complex adder;
N road complex adder is used to receive the N drive test trial signal of N road transmission channel service signal and injection, superposes, generates and sends N road transmission channel signal;
N road coupler, the N road transmission channel signal that is used for coming from N road duplexer is coupled to merit branch/mixer, or the test signal that is used for coming from merit branch/mixer is coupled to duplexer;
Merit branch/mixer, be used to receive the N road transmission channel signal that sends from N road coupler, N road transmission channel signal is merged into one the tunnel and send to the correction duplexer, or receive by proofreading and correct the test signal that duplexer sends, this test signal is divided into N drive test trial signal and sends to N road coupler;
Proofread and correct duplexer, be used to receive the next transmission channel signal of merit branch/mixer and send to the reception adjuster, or be used to receive the next test signal of correct transmission machine and send to merit branch/mixer;
The correction coefficient extraction module, be used to receive N road receive path signal, output N road receives correction coefficient and gives correction module under the control of proofreading and correct synchronization module, proofread and correct receiving channel signal, or receive from the next transmission channel signal of calibration receiver, under the control of proofreading and correct synchronization module, send the emission correction coefficient to correction module, the transmission channel signal is proofreaied and correct.
Transmission channel signal after proofread and correct on the N road that the N road transmission channel service signal that described N road complex adder receives sends for the reception correction module;
Receive path signal after proofread and correct on the N road that the N road receive path signal that described correction coefficient extraction module receives sends for the reception correction module.
The preceding transmission channel signal of N road correction that the N road transmission channel service signal that described N road complex adder receives sends for receiving baseband processing module;
The N road receive path signal that described correction coefficient extraction module receives is the receive path signal after proofread and correct on N road that correction module sends.
The preceding transmission channel signal of N road correction that the N road transmission channel service signal that described N road complex adder receives sends for receiving baseband processing module;
The preceding receive path signal of N road correction that the N road receive path signal that described correction coefficient extraction module receives sends for receiving baseband processing module.
Described correction coefficient extraction module comprises: sequencing control/parameter register, 2N paths correction reference signal generation module, 2N road complex multiplier, 2N road accumulator module and CPU or DSP module, wherein,
Sequencing control/parameter register sends timing control signal and accumulation length control signal according to CPU or DSP module parameter of being write and the synchronous control signal of proofreading and correct synchronization module;
2N paths correction reference signal generation module produces 2N road correction reference signal under the control of timing control signal;
2N road complex multiplier receives N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal, multiplies each other with 2N road correction reference signal respectively, and 2N road multiplied result correspondence is sent to 2N road accumulator module;
2N road accumulator module sends to CPU or DSP module with 2N road multiplied result after adding up respectively under the control of accumulation length control signal;
CPU or DSP module write parameter for sequencing control/parameter register and according to receiving 2N road accumulation result, output N road receives correction coefficient and output N road emission correction coefficient.
Described correction coefficient extraction module comprises: sequencing control/parameter register, N paths correction reference signal generation module, N road complex multiplier, N road accumulator module, CPU or DSP module and multichannel are selected module, wherein,
Sequencing control/parameter register sends timing control signal and accumulation length control signal according to CPU or DSP module parameter of being write and the synchronous control signal of proofreading and correct synchronization module;
N paths correction reference signal generation module produces N road correction reference signal under the control of timing control signal;
Multichannel is selected module, parallel receive N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal, serial output N road receive path signal or N road transmission channel signal under CPU or DSP module controls;
N road complex multiplier, serial received N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal multiply each other with N road correction reference signal respectively, and N road multiplied result is sent to N road accumulator module;
N road accumulator module sends to CPU or DSP module with N road multiplied result after adding up respectively under the control of accumulation length control signal;
CPU or DSP module, output N road emission correction coefficient write parameter for sequencing control/parameter register and according to receiving N road accumulation result, serial output N road receives correction coefficient and output N road emission correction coefficient.
Described correction coefficient extraction module comprises: sequencing control/parameter register, a channel correcting reference signal generation module, a complex multiplier, an accumulator module, CPU or DSP module and multichannel are selected module, wherein,
Sequencing control/parameter register sends timing control signal and accumulation length control signal according to CPU or DSP module parameter of being write and the synchronous control signal of proofreading and correct synchronization module;
One channel correcting reference signal generation module produces correction reference signal under the control of timing control signal;
Multichannel is selected module, parallel receive N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal, the receive path signal or the transmission channel signal of serial output N road serial under CPU or DSP module controls;
One complex multiplier receives the receive path signal of N road serial and the transmission channel signal of N road serial, multiplies each other with correction reference signal respectively, and multiplied result is sent to an accumulator module;
One accumulator module receives multiplied result, and multiplied result is sent to CPU or DSP module after adding up under the control of accumulation length control signal;
CPU or DSP module write parameter for sequencing control/parameter register and according to receiving accumulation result, output N road receives correction coefficient and output N road emission correction coefficient.
Described correction module also comprises: N road receive path time-delay correction module, N road transmission channel time-delay correction module, a N receive path complex multiplier, a N transmission channel complex multiplier, transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient register, transmission channel amplitude and phase correction register, receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient register and receive path time-delay correction coefficient register, wherein:
Transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient register is used to receive N road emission correction coefficient, sends N road transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient to N road transmission channel time-delay correction module;
Transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient register is used to receive N road emission correction coefficient, sends N road transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient to N road transmission channel complex multiplier;
Transmission channel time-delay correction module in N road is used to receive N road transmission channel signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the time-delay of N road according to N road transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient and proofread and correct good transmission channel signal to N road complex multiplier;
N road transmission channel complex multiplier is used to receive the time-delay of N road and proofreaies and correct good transmission channel signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the N road width of cloth according to N road transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient and all proofread and correct good transmission channel signal with time-delay mutually;
Receive path time-delay correction coefficient register is used to receive the N road and receives correction coefficient, sends N road receive path time-delay correction coefficient to N road receive path time-delay correction module;
Receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient register is used to receive the N road and receives correction coefficient, sends N road receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient to N road receive path complex multiplier;
Receive path time-delay correction module in N road is used to receive N road receive path signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the time-delay of N road according to N road receive path time-delay correction coefficient and proofread and correct good receive path signal to N road complex multiplier;
N road receive path complex multiplier is used to receive the time-delay of N road and proofreaies and correct good receive path signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the N road width of cloth according to N road receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient and all proofread and correct good receive path signal with time-delay mutually.
The test signal that described receive path test signal generator sends is digital point-frequency signal or pseudo-random noise signal.
A kind of bearing calibration that realizes the array antenna transceiver channel, this method comprises:
Test signal is injected in the receive path merges into the receive path signal with the service signal of receive path, obtain the response of receive path, carry out the coherent accumulation according to the response of this receive path, the needed reception correction coefficient of output calibration is proofreaied and correct receiving channel signal according to receiving correction coefficient.
Test signal is injected in the transmission channel merges into the transmission channel signal with the service signal of transmission channel, obtain the response of transmission channel, carry out the coherent accumulation according to the response of this transmission channel, the needed emission correction coefficient of output calibration is proofreaied and correct the transmission channel signal according to the emission correction coefficient.
Described coherent cumulative process is: according to test signal a reference signal is set, adds up after this reference signal and receive path signal or the transmission channel signal complex multiplication again, utilize accumulation result to extract again and receive correction coefficient or emission correction coefficient.
The conjugation that described reference signal output waveform is set is the test signal output waveform is provided with the alignment of described reference signal and test signal.
The described process that test signal alignment reference signal is set is:
The base station of a, wireless communication system powers on, and progressively adjusts the time-delay of reference signal with respect to test signal, up to when doing the coherent accumulation reference signal and test signal being alignd, makes relevant peaks to occur at certain time-delay point;
B, when the wireless communication system receiving and transmitting signal, utilize the step-length of reference signal to adjust the time-delay of reference signal in real time with respect to test signal, reference signal is alignd with the base band test signal, relevant peaks appears with assurance.
Step b further comprises: a time-delay window is set, comprises several time-delay points in this window, adjust the time-delay of reference signal with respect to test signal in real time.
The step-length of described adjustment reference signal is the inverse of test signal sampling point rate.
Be located at and receive correction coefficient change label (R-CCUI) in the reception calibration cycle of n, the reference signal in the correction coefficient extraction module is τ with respect to the time-delay of the test signal of receive path test signal generator output
R_i(n), the receive path test signal is R with the relevant peaks that the accumulation of reception reference signal coherent obtains
R_i(n), the time-delay correction coefficient is T
R_i(n), the amplitude and phase correction coefficient is C
R_i(n), the process of described generation reception correction coefficient is:
When being corrected module, the test signal of the receive path that enters the correction coefficient extraction module proofreaied and correct, then with τ
R_i(n) deduct T
R_i(n) obtain τ
Actual_r_i(n), get τ
Actual_r_i(n) (maximum among the i=1～N) is as τ
R_max(n), R-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n+1) be τ
R_max(n) deduct τ
Actual_r_i(n) value; With R
R_i(n) divided by C
R_i(n) obtain h
R_i(n), get h
R_i(n) certain value in is h
R_ref(n), R-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n+1) be h
R_ref(n) divided by h
R_i(n) value that obtains;
Do not proofread and correct when the test signal of the receive path that enters the correction coefficient extraction module is corrected module, then R-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n) be τ
R_i(n) maximum in deducts τ
R_i(n) value; With R
R_i(n) equal h
R_i(n), get h
R_i(n) certain value in is h
R_ref(n), R-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n+1) be h
R_ref(n) divided by h
R_i(n) value that obtains, wherein i=1～N.
To described h
R_i(n) and τ
Actual_r_i(n) do smoothing processing.
When initialization, described C
R_i(n) initialization value can not be 0.
At emission correction coefficient change label (T-CCUI) be in the emission calibration cycle of n, and the time-delay of establishing the test signal that the reference signal in the correction coefficient extraction module exports with respect to transmission channel test signal generator is τ
T_i(n), the relevant peaks that obtains of transmission channel test signal and transmitted reference signal coherent accumulation is R
T_i(n), the time-delay correction coefficient is T
T_i(n), the amplitude and phase correction coefficient is C
T_i(n), the process of described generation reception correction coefficient is:
When being corrected module, the test signal of the transmission channel that enters the correction coefficient extraction module proofreaied and correct, then with τ
T_i(n) deduct T
T_i(n) obtain τ
Actual_t_i(n), get τ
Actual_t_i(n) maximum in is as τ
T_max(n), T-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be τ
T_max(n) deduct τ
Actual_t_i(n) value; With R
T_i(n) divided by C
T_i(n) obtain h
T_i(n), get h
T_i(n) value in is h
T_ref(n), T-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be h
T_ref(n) divided by h
T_i(n) value that obtains;
Do not proofread and correct when the test signal of the transmission channel that enters the correction coefficient extraction module is corrected module, then T-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be τ
T_i(n) maximum in deducts τ
T_i(n) value; Get h
T_i(n) equal R
T_i(n), get h
T_i(n) certain value in is h
T_ref(n), T-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be h
T_ref(n) divided by h
T_i(n) value that obtains, wherein i=1～N.
To described h
T_i(n) and τ
Actual_t_i(n) do smoothing processing.
When initialization, described C
T_i(n) initialization value can not be 0.
The present invention will receive the multidiameter option switch of cor-rection loop and the merit branch/mixer of emission cor-rection loop unites two into one, the reception correction and the emission correction coupler of the same antenna of correspondence are united two into one, make the simple for structure of corrective system like this, reduced the cost of corrective system.The present invention also partly changes the injection of transmission channel test signal into passive, and promptly branch/mixer has replaced multidiameter option switch hard, because merit branch/mixer is passive, therefore needn't uses power supply, thereby improve the adaptive capacity to outdoor environment greatly.Because corrective system has adopted merit branch/mixer, so the radio frequency part of corrective system can a shared test signal cable, needn't worry owing to use the many problem of inconsistency that the test signal cable brings, can not increase the remainder error of channel correcting, thereby improve the performance of corrective system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of corrective system scheme in the intelligent antenna base station of existing wireless communications system.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of corrective system scheme one in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of corrective system scheme two in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of corrective system scheme three in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of corrective system scheme four in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of the internal structure one of correction coefficient extraction module of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the internal structure two of correction coefficient extraction module of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the internal structure three of correction coefficient extraction module of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a correction module internal frame diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage are clearer, by the following examples and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Device provided by the invention, branch/mixer has substituted multidiameter option switch and power splitter at first hard, because merit branch/mixer can be operated in the transmitting-receiving cor-rection loop, the transmitting-receiving cor-rection loop only need be received and dispatched with a cover coupler.Method provided by the invention, by in transceiver channel, injecting test signal, the test signal of injecting and the baseband signal of transceiver channel are merged into the base band test signal, this base band test signal enters the correction coefficient extraction module by proofreading and correct receiver or receiver, in the correction coefficient extraction module, carry out the coherent accumulation, the essence process of coherent accumulation is for rejecting the baseband signal in the base band test signal, produce transmitting-receiving and proofread and correct required correction coefficient, the baseband signal of transceiver channel transmitting-receiving is proofreaied and correct according to correction coefficient.
As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the block diagram of corrective system scheme one in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention, and its specific descriptions are:
N complex adder 203-1～203-N is used for the transmission channel test signal is injected in each transmission channel;
The signal that N receiver 204-1～204-N, receiver deliver to correction module 202 is a N road receive path signal, and this receive path signal comprises test signal and service signal;
The signal that N transmitter 205-1～205-N, correction module 202 deliver to transmitter is a N road transmission channel signal, and this transmission channel signal comprises test signal and service signal;
N duplexer 206-1～206-N, duplexer are frequency division (FDD) or are the time-division (TDD), make N coupler 207-1～207-N can receive and dispatch two frequency ranges or the signal of two time periods;
N coupler 207-1～207-N, the emissioning testing signal of the acceptance test signal of coupling receive path or coupling transmission channel;
N antenna 208-1～208-N is used for receiving uplink service signal or transmitting downstream service signal;
Correction coefficient extraction module 209, the response of extracting each transceiver channel, and calculate the correction coefficient of each transceiver channel in view of the above;
Transmission channel test signal generator 210 produces the transmission channel test signal;
Proofread and correct synchronization module 211, send synchronous control signal, be used for controlling the synchronous of whole corrective system;
Receive path test signal generator 212, the receive path test signal of generation base band;
Proofread and correct receiver 213, what correction receiver 213 was delivered to correction coefficient extraction module 209 is digital baseband signal;
Proofread and correct duplexer 215, the correction duplexer is fdd mode or is tdd mode, makes merit branch/mixer 216 can receive and dispatch two frequency ranges or the signal of two time periods;
Merit branch/mixer 216, when the emission timing, it is a mixer; When receiving timing, it is a power splitter.
Block diagram shown in Figure 2 comprises N receive path and N transmission channel.
Receive to proofread and correct among Fig. 2 and a cover coupler 207-1～207-N and a merit branch/mixer 216 proofreaied and correct in emission shared: when corrective system was time division duplex, transmitting-receiving frequency was identical, and this no doubt is out of question; When corrective system is Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD), because the relative frequency range of Duplex Spacing is generally all little, and has adopted and proofreaied and correct two merit devices, also can a shared cover coupler and merit branch/mixer so receive and launch.
Merit branch/mixer 216 among Fig. 2 can be " integrated type " or " but tandem type ".
The process that receive path is proofreaied and correct is: receive path test signal generator 212 sends digital test signal under the effect of proofreading and correct lock unit 211 output synchronous control signals, this digital test signal is done the conversion (DAC) and the frequency translation of digital to analogy in correct transmission machine 214, a series of processing such as amplification back forms radiofrequency signal, the calibrated duplexer 215 of this analog baseband signal, merit branch/mixer 216 is divided into N road radiofrequency signal, this N road analog baseband signal is injected into each receive path by N road coupler 207-1～207-N, merge into the receive path signal with the service signal of each receive path, behind this receive path signal process duplexer 206-1～206-N, do amplification among receiver 204-1～204-N in receive path, frequency translation and analog to digital are changed a series of processing such as (ADC), export the digital baseband receive path signal of each passage by receiver 204-1～204-N.The N road output signal of supposing merit branch/mixer 216 be constant amplitude, etc. phase, receiver 204-1～204-N outputs to the response message that has just comprised each receive path in the digital received channel signal in the correction coefficient extraction module 209 like this, extract each receive path correction coefficient by correction coefficient extraction module 209, this correction coefficient is delivered to correction module 202 and is gone each receive path signal is proofreaied and correct in real time, and the signal of each receive path after overcorrect sends to baseband processing module 201.
The process of transmitting channel correction is: transmission channel test signal generator 210 sends N way word test signal under the effect of proofreading and correct lock unit 211 output synchronous control signals, this N way word test signal is injected in the transmission channel by complex adder 303-1～303-N, merge into the transmission channel signal is done digital to analogy in transmitter 205-1～205-N conversion (DAC) and frequency translation with the service signal in the transmission channel, obtain N road analog transmissions channel signal after a series of processing such as amplification, this analog transmissions channel signal is again through sending on merit branch/mixer 216 behind duplexer 206-1～206-N and the coupler 207-1～207-N, the N road is through merit branch/mixer 216 synthetic one tunnel analog transmissions channel signals, this analog transmissions channel signal is behind overcorrect duplexer 215, deliver to correction receiver 213 and carry out frequency translation, analog to digital conversion processing such as (ADC) obtains the digital transmission channel signal.The response message that has comprised each transmission channel in this digital transmission channel signal, this digital transmission channel signal is delivered to correction coefficient extraction module 209, correction coefficient extraction module 209 extracts the correction coefficient of each transmission channel, delivers in the correction module 202 each transmission channel signal is proofreaied and correct.
Block diagram shown in Figure 2 is the block diagram of corrective system scheme one in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention, to be correction module receiving outside the cor-rection loop/the emission cor-rection loop outside.
Block diagram for corrective system scheme two in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention shown in Figure 3, to be correction module receiving within the cor-rection loop/the emission cor-rection loop within, its module formation is identical with function and Fig. 2, when carrying out the transmit loop timing, transmission channel test signal generator injects test signal before the correct transmission passage; When receiving the loop timing, correction coefficient extraction module 309 extracts is the receive path signal after proofreading and correct.
Block diagram for corrective system scheme three in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention shown in Figure 4, to be correction module receiving outside the cor-rection loop/the emission cor-rection loop within, its module formation is identical with function and Fig. 2, when carrying out the transmit loop timing, transmission channel test signal generator injects test signal before the correct transmission channel signal; When receiving the loop timing, described identical with Fig. 2.
Block diagram for corrective system scheme four in the intelligent antenna base station of wireless communication system of the present invention shown in Figure 5, to be correction module receiving within the cor-rection loop/the emission cor-rection loop outside, its module formation is identical with performance and Fig. 2, and is when carrying out the transmit loop timing, described identical with Fig. 2; When receiving the loop timing, correction coefficient extraction module 309 extracts is the receive path signal after proofreading and correct.
Shown in Figure 6 is the block diagram of the internal structure one of correction coefficient extraction module of the present invention, and its specific descriptions are:
N receive path correction reference signal generation module 601-1～601-N, its effect is to produce the required reference signal of the receive path coherent of baseband form accumulation.Its wave form is the conjugation of the acceptance test signal of receive path test signal generator 213 outputs, and the time location that receives the reference signal head is controlled by sequencing control/parameter register module 602 by CPU or DSP module 605;
N transmitting channel correction reference signal generation module 601-N+1～601-2N, its effect is the transmission channel reference signal that produces baseband form.Its wave form is the conjugation of the acceptance test signal of transmission channel test signal generator 210 outputs, and the time location of transmitted reference signal head is controlled by sequencing control/parameter register module 602 by CPU or DSP module 605;
Sequencing control/parameter register module 602, CPU or DSP module 605 come to control receiving channel correcting reference signal generation module 601-1～601-N, the signal parameter of transmitting channel correction reference signal generation module 601-N+1～601-2N and the accumulation length of accumulator module 604-1～604-2N etc. by the parameter register in sequencing control/parameter register module 602 being write special parameter, and sequencing control/parameter register module 602 also can oneself produce control timing;
603-1～603-N is a complex multiplier, and the signal that the reception reference signal that N receive path correction reference signal generation module 601-1～601-N produced and N receive path are sent here carries out the complex multiplication computing;
603-N+1～603-2N also is a complex multiplier, and N transmitting channel correction reference signal generation module 601-N+1～601-2N transmitted reference signal that produces and the transmission channel signal of proofreading and correct receiver 213 outputs are carried out the complex multiplication computing;
604-1～604-2N is an accumulator, and the output of complex multiplier 603-1～603-2N is added up; CPU or DSP module 605 are used to control the whole process of correction coefficient extraction module and calculate the transmitting-receiving correction coefficient and receive the value that offsets coefficient, the correction coefficient that last output calibration module 202 is required.
Structure among Fig. 6 allows all transmission channels and the parallel coherent of finishing of receive path to accumulate.
As shown in Figure 7, Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the internal structure two of correction coefficient module of the present invention, i.e. N receive path and N the shared N of transmission channel complex multiplier 704-1～704-N and N accumulator 705-1～705-N.Wherein, receiving timing, multichannel selects module 701 that the signal parallel of receive path is entered; At the emission timing, multichannel selects module 701 that the signal parallel of transmission channel is entered.
As shown in Figure 8, Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the internal structure three of correction coefficient extraction module of the present invention, be N receive path and N the shared complex multiplier 804 of transmission channel and an accumulator 805, structure among Fig. 8 only allows all transmission channels and receive path serial to finish the coherent accumulation, wherein, receiving timing, multichannel select signal that module 801 makes receive path successively serial enter; When the emission timing, multichannel select signal that module 801 makes transmission channel successively serial enter.
After the N road receive path test signal of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 or transmission channel test signal will select module 701 (801) to select through multichannel, enter respectively among complex multiplier 704-1～704-N (804), this multichannel selects module 701 (801) to be subjected to CPU or 706 (806) controls of DSP module, when the sampling point rate of input N road receive path test signal or transmission channel test signal not simultaneously, the clock of CPU or DSP module 706 (806) will be adjusted accordingly among Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
When receiving timing, the reference signal form that receive path correction reference signal generation module produces is identical, and it is different just to delay time, in order to be complementary with different receive path time-delays; When the emission timing, in order to distinguish the difference response of each transmission channel, the correction signal form that is injected into each transmission channel is different, so the form of the transmitted reference signal of each passage that transmitting channel correction reference signal generation module produces is different.But when N transmission channel coherent accumulation as Fig. 8 was serial, N transmission channel can use the test signal of same form.
As shown in Figure 9, Fig. 9 is a correction module internal frame diagram of the present invention, and its specific descriptions are:
Complex multiplier 902-1～902-N after the reception correction coefficient of receive path signal and plural number multiplies each other, finishes the amplitude and phase correction to each receive path;
Complex multiplier 905-1～905-N after the emission correction coefficient of transmission channel signal and plural number multiplies each other, finishes the amplitude and phase correction to each transmission channel;
Transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient register 903, transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient register 904, CPU in the correction coefficient extraction module 209 or DSP module 605 are by transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient register 903, the 904 pairs of emissions correction coefficient initialization of transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient register and upgrade the emission correction coefficient;
Receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient register 907 and receive path time-delay correction coefficient register 908, CPU in the correction coefficient extraction module 209 or DSP module 605 receive the correction coefficient initialization and upgrade and receive correction coefficient by receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient register 907,908 pairs in receive path time-delay correction coefficient register
901-1～901-N is proofreaied and correct in time-delay, and the service signal of each transmission channel that baseband processing module 201 produces is proofreaied and correct 901-1～901-N adjustment of delaying time through time-delay;
906-1～906-N is proofreaied and correct in time-delay, proofreaies and correct 906-1～906-N adjustment of delaying time from the signal of each receive path of receiver 304-1～304-N through time-delay.
With the receive path among Fig. 6 is the process of the coherent accumulation of example explanation correction coefficient extraction.The condition that produces the coherent accumulation is: the waveform of the generation module 601-1 of (1) receive path correction reference signal～601-N output reference signal and the waveform of receive path test signal generator 212 output test signals form conjugate relation; (2) test signal of the digital baseband form of reference signal and receive path alignment.Be easy to reach by software (1) o'clock.Key is (2) point, and the process that this involves more complicated is described below.
The reference signal head that CPU or DSP module 605 are adjusted channel correcting reference signal generation module 601-1～601-N output by sequencing control/parameter register module 602 is delayed time with respect to receive path test signal generator 212 test signal heads, makes from the receive path test signal of receiver 204-1～204-N and aligns in time when 603-1～603-N does complex multiplication with the reception correction reference signal of receive path correction reference signal generation module 601-1～601-N.
The alignment back is done by accumulator module 604-1～604-N and is added up by the complex multiplication of complex multiplier 603-1～603-N, has just realized the function of so-called coherent accumulation.If not alignment, the signal amplitude of accumulator output is just smaller, accumulator output signal amplitude maximum during complete matching, promptly so-called relevant peaks.
Relevant peaks all occurs after making each coherent accumulation, CPU or DSP module 605 can design a cover search procedure and a tracing process.Search procedure is meant is not knowing under the situation of communication channel delay, in a very big scope, progressively adjust of the time-delay of the output signal of receive path correction reference signal generation module 601-1～601-N by CPU or DSP module 605, guarantee relevant peaks to occur on certain the time-delay point in these time-delays with respect to receive path test signal generator 213 output test signals.Should comprise a search procedure in the initialization procedure after the base station start powers on.Tracing process is and then after the search procedure, be meant that CPU or DSP module 605 are with on the delay locked time-delay point that occurs relevant peaks in search procedure, and when causing the relevant peaks change in location owing to the communication channel delay variation, by correspondingly changing the time-delay setting in sequencing control/parameter register module 602, promptly change the time-delay of reference signal, allow reference signal and channel signal keep the relation of alignment, guarantee that relevant peaks appears in the coherent accumulation, has promptly realized so-called tracking.If have the priori of enough time-delays about passage, also can only use search procedure, all in a little fixing scope, search at every turn.The meaning of " priori with enough time-delays about passage " is can guarantee relevant peaks to occur in this little fixed range at every turn.
The step-length that CPU or 605 time-delays of DSP module are adjusted in search procedure and the tracing process depends on the percent of pass of test signal and the test signal that receive path test signal generator 212 is exported of the receiver 204-1～204-N that is input to correction coefficient extraction module 209, promptly so-called sampling point rate (Sample rate).In cdma system, this sampling point rate is the integral multiple of spreading rate (Chip rate).The step-length that CPU or 605 time-delays of DSP module are adjusted can be taken as the inverse of signal sampling point rate, the i.e. time width of a sampling point (Sample).
In order can effectively to follow the tracks of, must design a time-delay window that is used to follow the tracks of, this window refers to adjacent several time-delay points, and unit is a sampling point.Because must could judge wherein whether certain point is relevant peaks according to accumulation on adjacent several time-delay points.The number of adjacent time-delay point (unit is a sampling point) is the tracking window width.In order to realize stable tracking, follow the tracks of window width and can not be less than 3 sampling points.
Two kinds of information have been comprised in the relevant peaks of coherent accumulation: the time location that the value of relevant peaks itself and relevant peaks occur.This time location is that the reference signal of adjusting channel correcting reference signal generation module 601-1～601-N output when relevant peaks occurring is weighed with respect to the time-delay of the test signal of receive path test signal generator 212 outputs.The full detail of these two kinds of information cor-rection loop response just.
Because the smoothing processing according to carrying out certain form before the channel response extraction correction coefficient to the relevant relevant peaks of coherent accumulation in the cycle that makes a correction coefficient renewal, promptly may comprise repeatedly the process that coherent accumulates in a calibration cycle.
The initiation and the terminal procedure of coherent accumulation are described at last.In principle, coherent accumulation each time can be initiated by CPU or DSP module 605, also can be initiated by sequencing control/parameter register module 602.If initiated by sequencing control/parameter register module 602, periodic synchronous is carried out often.If initiate by CPU or DSP module 605, CPU or DSP module 605 can be initiated one time the coherent cumulative process when seeing fit, so with respect to the mode by sequencing control/parameter register module 602 initiations, the mode of being initiated by CPU or DSP module 605 has randomness.After each coherent cumulative process finishes, sequencing control/parameter register module 602 can use special interrupt request singal notice CPU or DSP module 605 coherent cumulative process intact, can take the result of the coherent accumulation among accumulator module 604-1～604-N away.Can certainly use the mode of the register of the special use in CPU or the DSP module 605 inquiry sequencing control/parameter register modules 602, learn whether the coherent accumulation finishes.
Channel response is the abbreviation of channel transfer function.Usually, channel response is the function of frequency, can be decomposed into amplitude function and phase function on each Frequency point.Ideally, suppose: (1) amplitude function in the frequency band of being concerned about is a constant; (2) phase function is the linear function of frequency, and promptly group delay is a constant in the band.Ideally this, channel characteristic is as long as represents with two amounts: the width of cloth of a complex representation responds and the group delay of a real number representation mutually.
The bearing calibration of the transceiver channel among the present invention just is being based on top idealized hypothesis.
Correction coefficient extraction module in the corrective system is by improving the signal to noise ratio (snr) of test signal to the coherent accumulation of test signal, the coherent accumulation utilizes the result of each passage coherent accumulation to extract the correction coefficient of each transceiver channel afterwards.
Structure difference according to Fig. 2～Fig. 5 corrective system, the correction coefficient generation method that two kinds of receive paths are arranged, its difference is: the correction module among Fig. 2/Fig. 4 is receiving outside the cor-rection loop, and the correction module among Fig. 3/Fig. 5 is receiving within the cor-rection loop, so it is not pass through correction module that Fig. 2/Fig. 4 enters the test signal of correction coefficient extraction module, and the test signal that enters the correction coefficient extraction module among Fig. 3/Fig. 5 is through correction module.Be exactly that the passage width of cloth responds mutually with communication channel delay and responds through the coherent of correction module accumulation result and time-delay thereof.Must deduction time-delay correction coefficient and amplitude and phase correction coefficient and passed through the coherent accumulation result of correction module and time-delay thereof, just can draw the real passage width of cloth and respond mutually with communication channel delay and respond.
Receive path uses the waveform of pouring-in test signal can have multiple, waveform commonly used is some frequency test signal and pseudo noise (PN) test signal, if put test signal frequently, can be the single-frequency point, also can be multifrequency point, signal parameter mainly be the numerical frequency of frequency; If the PN test signal, can use the compound series of GOLD sign indicating number and ovsf code, its signal parameter comprises the sign indicating number number of the first phase of GOLD sign indicating number and mask, OVSF etc.2 attentions: generation of (1) point-frequency signal and processing are simpler than PN signal, but the time-delay that is not suitable for being used for measuring passage.The generation of PN signal and handling than point-frequency signal complexity responds mutually and delays time but can measure the width of cloth simultaneously; (2) receive the test signal of proofreading and correct and behind power splitter, be injected into each receive path,, and have identical form so the test signal of injecting in each receive path is always simultaneous.
CPU or DSP module are upgraded once the reception correction coefficient of N receive path, and receiving correction coefficient change label (Calibration Calibration Coefficients Updating Index is abbreviated as R-CCUI) just increases by 1.Receive between the correction coefficient renewal at twice, R-CCUI is a constant, is called one and receives calibration cycle.More properly, be called as R-CCUI and receive calibration cycle.If R-CCUI=n also is the reception calibration cycle of R-CCUI=n.
CPU or DSP module are upgraded once the emission correction coefficient of N transmission channel, and emission correction coefficient change label (Transmitter Calibration Coefficients Updating Index is abbreviated as T-CCUI) just increases by 1.Between the twice emitting correction coefficient was upgraded, T-CCUI was a constant, was called an emission calibration cycle.More properly, be called as T-CCUI emission calibration cycle.If T-CCUI=n also is the emission calibration cycle of T-CCUI=n.
R-CCUI and T-CCUI receive correction and emission and proofread and correct and independently to carry out, so also can be inequality.
Because the smoothing processing according to carrying out certain form before the channel response extraction correction coefficient to the correlation peak of coherent accumulation in the cycle that makes a correction coefficient renewal, promptly may comprise repeatedly the process that coherent accumulates in a calibration cycle.
The receive path correction coefficient algorithm of Fig. 2/Fig. 4:
The receive path test signal that enters correction coefficient extraction module 209 was not corrected, so when calculating R-CCUI and being the correction coefficient of n+1, not needing deduction R-CCUI earlier is the influence that the correction coefficient of n causes.
Suppose in R-CCUI is the reception calibration cycle of n: the reception reference signal when relevant peaks appears in the accumulation of (1) coherent in the correction coefficient extraction module is τ with respect to the time-delay of the test signal of receive path test signal generation module output
R_i(n), the relevant peaks of (2) receive path coherent accumulation is R
R_i(n), to produce R-CCUI be that the process of reception correction coefficient of the reception calibration cycle of n+1 is for then described CPU or DSP module:
τ
actual_r_i(n)＝τ
r_i(n)， (1)
h
r_i(n)＝R
r_i(n)， (2)
τ
r_max(n)＝Max{τ
actual_r_i(n)，i＝1～N}， (3)
T
r_i(n+1)＝τ
r_max(n)-τ
actual_r_i(n)， (4)
C
r_i(n+1)＝h
r_ref(n)/h
r_i(n)， (5)
H in the formula (5)
R_ref(n) be from h
R_1(n)～h
R_NThat gets (n) is some.With the i road is reference arm, mean that the channel response on i road is constant after proofreading and correct, and the channel response after other road correction is dressed to the i road all.
If that road with the amplitude maximum is a reference arm, promptly
h
r_ref(n)＝h
r_j(n)，|h
r_j(n)|≥|h
r_i(n)|，i≠j， (6)
Can make because the loss of the signal dynamics that the truncated error of the phase multiplication in the correction module causes is reduced to minimum.Correction coefficient except reference arm equals 1 like this, and the mould value of the correction coefficient of all the other branch roads is all more than or equal to 1.
Owing to used merit branch/mixer, correct transmission machine in the corrective system and proofreaied and correct receiver, so will the error in three places be compensated, the i.e. error of (1) merit branch/mixer 209, (2) error of coupler 207-1～207-N, (3) the signal Coupling point is to the error of antenna part, so that the difference between each transmitting-receiving loop response that records reflects the difference of each transceiver channel response.
For general corrective system, delay time error need not compensate, and amplitude phase error is to need compensation.But the corrective system of some form as the structure that merit branch/mixer, coupler and aerial array are integrated, by accurate design, if its amplitude phase error can be controlled within the range of permission, also just not necessarily will compensate.
If compensate, the error of these parts can use the radio frequency network analyzer to carry out off-line test, and compensating to measured is in the cor-rection loop response, just obtains real channel response.The meaning of " off-line test " is that parts are tested separately, promptly when survey part does not constitute work system a part of.
If carry out the compensation of channel response, can in formula (1) and formula (2), carry out, also can carry out in (5) at formula (4), formula; At formula (1), formula (2) afterwards, beginning formula (3) before may be with τ
Actual_r_i(n) and h
R_i(n) carry out the smoothing processing of certain form, for example: α filtering, in order to estimated channel response more accurately.
The receive path correction factor calculation of Fig. 3/Fig. 5:
The receive path test signal that enters correction coefficient extraction module 209 is corrected, and must to deduct R-CCUI when R-CCUI is the correction coefficient of n+1 earlier be the influence that the correction coefficient of n causes so calculate.
Suppose in R-CCUI is the reception calibration cycle of n: the reception reference signal when relevant peaks appears in the accumulation of (1) coherent in the correction coefficient extraction module is τ with respect to the time-delay of the test signal of receive path test signal generation module output
R_i(n), the relevant peaks of (2) receive path coherent accumulation is R
R_i(n), (3) reception time-delay correction coefficient is T
R_i(n), (4) reception amplitude and phase correction coefficient is C
R_i(n), to produce R-CCUI be that the process of reception correction coefficient of the reception calibration cycle of n+1 is for then described CPU or DSP module:
τ
actual_r_i(n)＝τ
r_i(n)-T
r_i(n)， (7)
h
r_i(n)＝R
r_i(n)/C
r_i(n)， (8)
τ
r_max(n)＝Max{τ
actual_r_i(n)，i＝1～N}， (9)
T
r_i(n+1)＝τ
r_max(n)-τ
actual_r_i(n)， (10)
C
r_i(n+1)＝h
r_ref(n)/h
r_i(n)， (11)
Because formula (7), formula have been used T in (8)
R_i(n) and C
R_i(n), so when calibration system reset, will carry out initialization to it.Note C
R_i(n) amplitude of initialization value can not be too little, especially can not be 0.Correct method as: with T
R_i(n) (i=1～N) be initialized as 0, with C
R_i(n) (i=1～N) be initialized as 1.H in the formula (11)
R_ref(n) be from h
R_1(n)～h
R_NThat gets (n) is some.If carry out the compensation of channel response, can in formula (7) and formula (8), carry out, also can carry out in (11) at formula (10), formula.At formula (7), formula (8) afterwards, beginning formula (9) before may be with τ
Actual_r_i(n) and h
R_i(n) carry out the smoothing processing of certain form.For example: α filtering.
When test signal enters the reception cor-rection loop, because each transmission channel signal was input in the correction receiver after closing the road during emission was proofreaied and correct, so being timesharing, the transmission channel test signal injects, or inject simultaneously but will have separable character between the test signal of each transmission channel, otherwise the response of N transmission channel can't be separated.For example: make the ovsf code of each passage PN formal testing signal use of injecting transmission channel mutually orthogonal.
According to the difference of corrective system structure among Fig. 2～Fig. 5, two kinds of emission correction coefficient generating algorithms are arranged.Its difference is: the correction module among Fig. 2/Fig. 5 is outside the emission cor-rection loop, and the correction module among Fig. 3/Fig. 4 is within the emission cor-rection loop.So enter the test signal of correction coefficient extraction module among Fig. 2/Fig. 5 is not pass through correction module, and the test signal that enters the correction coefficient extraction module among Fig. 3/Fig. 4 has been passed through correction module.Be exactly that the passage width of cloth responds mutually with communication channel delay and responds through the coherent of correction module accumulation relevant peaks and time-delay thereof.Must deduction time-delay correction coefficient and amplitude and phase correction coefficient and passed through the coherent accumulation result of correction module and time-delay thereof, just can draw the real passage width of cloth and respond mutually with communication channel delay and respond.
The transmitting channel correction Coefficient Algorithm of Fig. 2/Fig. 5:
The transmission channel test signal that enters correction coefficient extraction module 209 was not corrected, so when calculating T-CCUI and being the correction coefficient of n+1, not needing deduction T-CCUI earlier is the influence that the correction coefficient of n causes.
Suppose in T-CCUI is the emission calibration cycle of n: the transmitted reference signal when relevant peaks appears in the accumulation of (1) coherent in the correction coefficient extraction module is τ with respect to the time-delay of the test signal of transmission channel test signal generation module output
T_i(n), the relevant peaks of (2) transmission channel coherent accumulation is R
T_i(n), to produce T-CCUI be that the process of emission correction coefficient of the emission calibration cycle of n+1 is for then described CPU or DSP module:
τ
actual_t_i(n)＝τ
t_i(n)， (12)
h
t_i(n)＝R
t_i(n)， (13)
τ
t_max(n)＝Max{τ
actual_t_i(n)，i＝1～N}， (14)
T
t_i(n+1)＝τ
t_max(n)-τ
actual_t_i(n)， (15)
C
t_i(n+1)＝h
t_ref(n)/h
t_i(n)， (16)
H in the formula (16)
T_ref(n) be from h
T_1(n)～h
T_NThat gets (n) is some.If that road with the amplitude maximum is a reference arm, promptly
h
t_ref(n)＝h
t_j(n)，|h
t_j(n)|≥|h
t_i(n)|，i≠j， (17)
Can make because the loss of the signal dynamics that the truncated error of the phase multiplication in the correction module causes is reduced to minimum, and the correction coefficient except reference arm equals 1 like this, the mould value of the correction coefficient of all the other branch roads is all more than or equal to 1.The designer also can consider other h according to actual needs
T_ref(n) follow the example of.
If carry out the compensation of channel response, can in formula (12) or formula (13), carry out, also can in formula (15) or formula (16), carry out, at formula (12) and formula (13) afterwards, beginning formula (14) before may be with τ
Actual_t_i(n) and h
T_i(n) carry out the smoothing processing of certain form.For example: α filtering.
The transmitting channel correction Coefficient Algorithm of Fig. 3/Fig. 4:
The transmission channel test signal that enters correction coefficient extraction module 209 is corrected, and must to deduct T-CCUI when T-CCUI is the correction coefficient of n+1 earlier be the influence that the correction coefficient of n causes so calculate.
Suppose in T-CCUI is the emission calibration cycle of n: the transmitted reference signal when relevant peaks appears in the accumulation of (1) coherent in the correction coefficient extraction module is τ with respect to the time-delay of the test signal of transmission channel test signal generation module output
T_i(n), the relevant peaks of (2) transmission channel coherent accumulation is R
T_i(n), (3) emission delay correction coefficient is T
T_i(n), (4) emission amplitude and phase correction coefficient is C
T_i(n), to produce T-CCUI be that the process of emission correction coefficient of the emission calibration cycle of n+1 is for then described CPU or DSP module:
τ
actual_t_i(n)＝τ
t_i(n)-T
t_i(n)， (18)
h
t_i(n)＝R
t_i(n)/C
t_i(n)， (19)
τ
t_max(n)＝Max{τ
actual_t_i(n)，i＝1～N}， (20)
T
t_i(n+1)＝τ
t_max(n)-τ
actual_t_i(n)， (21)
C
t_i(n+1)＝h
t_ref(n)/h
t_i(n)， (22)
H in the formula (22)
T_ref(n) be from h
T_1(n)～h
T_NThat gets (n) is some; If carry out the channel response compensation, can in formula (18) and formula (19), carry out, also can in formula (21) and formula (22), carry out.At formula (18), formula (19) afterwards, beginning formula (20) before may be with τ
Actual_t_i(n) and h
T_i(n) carry out the smoothing processing of certain form in order to compensate the error of each transmission channel.For example: α filtering.
See that from Fig. 9 the trimming process of transmission channel and receive path is identical.Be example with the receive path below, its function described with the mathematics formula.The time-delay correction coefficient of supposing each receive path is T
iUnit is a sampling point, and the amplitude and phase correction coefficient is C
i, the input signal that receives correction portion is x
i(n), chronomere is a sampling point, and the output signal that receives correction portion is y
i(n), chronomere is a sampling point, then
y
i(n)＝C
i×x
i(n-T
i)， (25)
Here n is to be the time parameter of unit with the sampling point, and one receives or generally comprises many sampling points in the emission correction phase.
The reception correction and the emission correction coupler of corresponding same antenna among Fig. 2 are united two into one, the splitter that receives cor-rection loop is united two into one with the splitter of launching cor-rection loop, system configuration is become succinctly, reduced system cost simultaneously; The injection of transmission channel test signal is partly changed into passive, thereby needn't use power supply, even like this radio frequency network is put on the antenna, needn't worry the problem of powering does not have active part yet on the antenna, strengthened the adaptive capacity to wild environment.And the radio frequency network that injects owing to the test signal of receive path correction unites two into one, can receive on the antenna with a cable, signal closes the road later on through a cable transmission, be exposed to outer part and have only a cable, also needn't worry because the additional problem of inconsistency that cable brings, can not increase the channel correcting remainder error, improve the performance of corrective system.Therefore, the present invention has obtained good effect.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of being made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1, a kind of means for correcting of array antenna transceiver channel, this device comprises correction module, correction receiver, correct transmission machine, proofreaies and correct synchronization module and receive path measuring signal generator, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises transmission channel measuring signal generator, N road complex adder, N road coupler, merit branch/mixer, proofreaies and correct duplexer and correction coefficient extraction module, wherein
The transmission channel measuring signal generator is used for producing under the control of proofreading and correct synchronization module and sends N drive test trial signal to N road complex adder;
N road complex adder is used to receive the N drive test trial signal of N road transmission channel service signal and injection, superposes, generates and sends N road transmission channel signal;
N road coupler, the N road transmission channel signal that is used for coming from N road duplexer is coupled to merit branch/mixer, or the test signal that is used for coming from merit branch/mixer is coupled to duplexer;
Merit branch/mixer, be used to receive the N road transmission channel signal that sends from N road coupler, N road transmission channel signal is merged into one the tunnel and send to the correction duplexer, or receive by proofreading and correct the test signal that duplexer sends, this test signal is divided into N drive test trial signal and sends to N road coupler;
Proofread and correct duplexer, be used to receive the next transmission channel signal of merit branch/mixer and send to the reception adjuster, or be used to receive the next test signal of correct transmission machine and send to merit branch/mixer;
The correction coefficient extraction module, be used to receive N road receive path signal, output N road receives correction coefficient and gives correction module under the control of proofreading and correct synchronization module, proofread and correct receiving channel signal, or receive from the next transmission channel signal of calibration receiver, under the control of proofreading and correct synchronization module, send the emission correction coefficient to correction module, the transmission channel signal is proofreaied and correct.
2, device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the transmission channel signal after proofread and correct on the N road that the N road transmission channel service signal that described N road complex adder receives sends for the reception correction module;
Receive path signal after proofread and correct on the N road that the N road receive path signal that described correction coefficient extraction module receives sends for the reception correction module.
3, device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the preceding transmission channel signal of N road correction that the N road transmission channel service signal that described N road complex adder receives sends for receiving baseband processing module;
The N road receive path signal that described correction coefficient extraction module receives is the receive path signal after proofread and correct on N road that correction module sends.
4, device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the preceding transmission channel signal of N road correction that the N road transmission channel service signal that described N road complex adder receives sends for receiving baseband processing module;
The preceding receive path signal of N road correction that the N road receive path signal that described correction coefficient extraction module receives sends for receiving baseband processing module.
5, device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described correction coefficient extraction module comprises: sequencing control/parameter register, 2N paths correction reference signal generation module, 2N road complex multiplier, 2N road accumulator module and CPU or DSP module, wherein
Sequencing control/parameter register sends timing control signal and accumulation length control signal according to CPU or DSP module parameter of being write and the synchronous control signal of proofreading and correct synchronization module;
2N paths correction reference signal generation module produces 2N road correction reference signal under the control of timing control signal;
2N road complex multiplier receives N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal, multiplies each other with 2N road correction reference signal respectively, and 2N road multiplied result correspondence is sent to 2N road accumulator module;
2N road accumulator module sends to CPU or DSP module with 2N road multiplied result after adding up respectively under the control of accumulation length control signal;
CPU or DSP module write parameter for sequencing control/parameter register and according to receiving 2N road accumulation result, output N road receives correction coefficient and output N road emission correction coefficient.
6, device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described correction coefficient extraction module comprises: sequencing control/parameter register, N paths correction reference signal generation module, N road complex multiplier, N road accumulator module, CPU or DSP module and multichannel are selected module, wherein
Sequencing control/parameter register sends timing control signal and accumulation length control signal according to CPU or DSP module parameter of being write and the synchronous control signal of proofreading and correct synchronization module;
N paths correction reference signal generation module produces N road correction reference signal under the control of timing control signal;
Multichannel is selected module, parallel receive N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal, serial output N road receive path signal or N road transmission channel signal under CPU or DSP module controls;
N road complex multiplier, serial received N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal multiply each other with N road correction reference signal respectively, and N road multiplied result is sent to N road accumulator module;
N road accumulator module sends to CPU or DSP module with N road multiplied result after adding up respectively under the control of accumulation length control signal;
CPU or DSP module, output N road emission correction coefficient write parameter for sequencing control/parameter register and according to receiving N road accumulation result, serial output N road receives correction coefficient and output N road emission correction coefficient.
7, device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described correction coefficient extraction module comprises: sequencing control/parameter register, a channel correcting reference signal generation module, a complex multiplier, an accumulator module, CPU or DSP module and multichannel are selected module, wherein
Sequencing control/parameter register sends timing control signal and accumulation length control signal according to CPU or DSP module parameter of being write and the synchronous control signal of proofreading and correct synchronization module;
One channel correcting reference signal generation module produces correction reference signal under the control of timing control signal;
Multichannel is selected module, parallel receive N road receive path signal and N road transmission channel signal, the receive path signal or the transmission channel signal of serial output N road serial under CPU or DSP module controls;
One complex multiplier receives the receive path signal of N road serial and the transmission channel signal of N road serial, multiplies each other with correction reference signal respectively, and multiplied result is sent to an accumulator module;
One accumulator module receives multiplied result, and multiplied result is sent to CPU or DSP module after adding up under the control of accumulation length control signal;
CPU or DSP module write parameter for sequencing control/parameter register and according to receiving accumulation result, output N road receives correction coefficient and output N road emission correction coefficient.
8, device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described correction module also comprises: N road receive path time-delay correction module, N road transmission channel time-delay correction module, a N receive path complex multiplier, a N transmission channel complex multiplier, transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient register, transmission channel amplitude and phase correction register, receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient register and receive path time-delay correction coefficient register, wherein:
Transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient register is used to receive N road emission correction coefficient, sends N road transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient to N road transmission channel time-delay correction module;
Transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient register is used to receive N road emission correction coefficient, sends N road transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient to N road transmission channel complex multiplier;
Transmission channel time-delay correction module in N road is used to receive N road transmission channel signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the time-delay of N road according to N road transmission channel time-delay correction coefficient and proofread and correct good transmission channel signal to N road complex multiplier;
N road transmission channel complex multiplier is used to receive the time-delay of N road and proofreaies and correct good transmission channel signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the N road width of cloth according to N road transmission channel amplitude and phase correction coefficient and all proofread and correct good transmission channel signal with time-delay mutually;
Receive path time-delay correction coefficient register is used to receive the N road and receives correction coefficient, sends N road receive path time-delay correction coefficient to N road receive path time-delay correction module;
Receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient register is used to receive the N road and receives correction coefficient, sends N road receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient to N road receive path complex multiplier;
Receive path time-delay correction module in N road is used to receive N road receive path signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the time-delay of N road according to N road receive path time-delay correction coefficient and proofread and correct good receive path signal to N road complex multiplier;
N road receive path complex multiplier is used to receive the time-delay of N road and proofreaies and correct good receive path signal, proofreaies and correct and sends the N road width of cloth according to N road receive path amplitude and phase correction coefficient and all proofread and correct good receive path signal with time-delay mutually.
9, device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the test signal that described receive path test signal generator sends is digital point-frequency signal or pseudo-random noise signal.
10, a kind of bearing calibration that utilizes the device realization array antenna transceiver channel of claim 1 is characterized in that this method comprises:
Test signal is injected in the receive path merges into the receive path signal with the service signal of receive path, obtain the response of receive path, carry out the coherent accumulation according to the response of this receive path, the needed reception correction coefficient of output calibration is proofreaied and correct receiving channel signal according to receiving correction coefficient.
Test signal is injected in the transmission channel merges into the transmission channel signal with the service signal of transmission channel, obtain the response of transmission channel, carry out the coherent accumulation according to the response of this transmission channel, the needed emission correction coefficient of output calibration is proofreaied and correct the transmission channel signal according to the emission correction coefficient.
11, method as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described coherent cumulative process is: according to test signal a reference signal is set, add up again after this reference signal and receive path signal or the transmission channel signal complex multiplication, utilize accumulation result to extract again and receive correction coefficient or emission correction coefficient.
12, method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, the conjugation that described reference signal output waveform is set is the test signal output waveform is provided with the alignment of described reference signal and test signal.
13, method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the described process that test signal alignment reference signal is set is:
The base station of a, wireless communication system powers on, and progressively adjusts the time-delay of reference signal with respect to test signal, up to when doing the coherent accumulation reference signal and test signal being alignd, makes relevant peaks to occur at certain time-delay point;
B, when the wireless communication system receiving and transmitting signal, utilize the step-length of reference signal to adjust the time-delay of reference signal in real time with respect to test signal, reference signal is alignd with the base band test signal, relevant peaks appears with assurance.
14, method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, step b further comprises: a time-delay window is set, comprises several time-delay points in this window, adjust the time-delay of reference signal with respect to test signal in real time.
15, method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the step-length of described adjustment reference signal is the inverse of test signal sampling point rate.
16, method as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, be located at and receive correction coefficient change label (R-CCUI) in the reception calibration cycle of n, the reference signal in the correction coefficient extraction module is τ with respect to the time-delay of the test signal of receive path test signal generator output
R_i(n), the receive path test signal is R with the relevant peaks that the accumulation of reception reference signal coherent obtains
R_i(n), the time-delay correction coefficient is T
R_i(n), the amplitude and phase correction coefficient is C
R_i(n), the process of described generation reception correction coefficient is:
When being corrected module, the test signal of the receive path that enters the correction coefficient extraction module proofreaied and correct, then with τ
R_i(n) deduct T
R_i(n) obtain τ
Actual_r_i(n), get τ
Actual_r_i(n) (maximum among the i=1～N) is as τ
R_max(n), R-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n+1) be τ
R_max(n) deduct τ
Actual_r_i(n) value; With R
R_i(n) divided by C
R_i(n) obtain h
R_i(n), get h
R_i(n) certain value in is h
R_ref(n), R-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n+1) be h
R_ref(n) divided by h
R_i(n) value that obtains;
Do not proofread and correct when the test signal of the receive path that enters the correction coefficient extraction module is corrected module, then R-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n+1) be τ
R_i(n) maximum in deducts τ
R_i(n) value; With R
R_i(n) equal h
R_i(n), get h
R_i(n) certain value in is h
R_ref(n), R-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the reception calibration cycle of n+1
R_i(n+1) be h
R_ref(n) divided by h
R_i(n) value that obtains, wherein i=1～N.
17, method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, to described h
R_i(n) and τ
Actual_r_i(n) do smoothing processing.
18, method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, when initialization, and described C
R_i(n) initialization value can not be 0.
19, method as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, at emission correction coefficient change label (T-CCUI) be in the emission calibration cycle of n, and the time-delay of establishing the test signal that the reference signal in the correction coefficient extraction module exports with respect to transmission channel test signal generator is τ
T_i(n), the relevant peaks that obtains of transmission channel test signal and transmitted reference signal coherent accumulation is R
T_i(n), the time-delay correction coefficient is T
T_i(n), the amplitude and phase correction coefficient is C
T_i(n), the process of described generation reception correction coefficient is:
When being corrected module, the test signal of the transmission channel that enters the correction coefficient extraction module proofreaied and correct, then with τ
T_i(n) deduct T
T_i(n) obtain τ
Actual_t_i(n), get τ
Actual_t_i(n) maximum in is as τ
T_max(n), T-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be τ
T_max(n) deduct τ
Actual_t_i(n) value; With R
T_i(n) divided by C
T_i(n) obtain h
T_i(n), get h
T_i(n) value in is h
T_ref(n), T-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be h
T_ref(n) divided by h
T_i(n) value that obtains;
Do not proofread and correct when the test signal of the transmission channel that enters the correction coefficient extraction module is corrected module, then T-CCUI is the time-delay correction coefficient T of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be τ
T_i(n) maximum in deducts τ
T_i(n) value; Get h
T_i(n) equal R
T_i(n), get h
T_i(n) certain value in is h
T_ref(n), T-CCUI is the amplitude and phase correction coefficient C of the emission calibration cycle of n+1
T_i(n+1) be h
T_ref(n) divided by h
T_i(n) value that obtains, wherein i=1～N.
20, method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, to described h
T_i(n) and τ
Actual_t_i(n) do smoothing processing.
21, method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, when initialization, and described C
T_i(n) initialization value can not be 0.
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