CN1566032A - 有机－无机钾肥 - Google Patents
有机－无机钾肥 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型化学有机—无机液体钾肥。其化学表达式为：xK2HPO4.yR－COOK.zR′－COOH，主要组份是有机酸钾盐、磷酸钾盐及多种有机酸等。本发明具有营养平衡、肥效高、清洁卫生、安全等优点，具有调节植物生理作用及营养供给双重功能。适用于无公害农产品，尤其是经济作物。是一种既可用于节水灌溉，又可用于叶面喷施的化学肥料。
Description
技术领域 本发明属于化肥，尤其是涉及一种用化学方法加工成的有机-无机液体钾肥。
背景技术 大量研究表明：有机肥和无机肥配合使用对于增加作物产量、改进农产品品质效果优于有机肥或无机化肥单独使用的效果。传统的有机-无机肥指的是用天然有机物及粪肥和无机肥料混合而成的产品。本发明则是一种经过提取、用化学方法加工成的产品。其成份为有机酸钾、磷酸钾和多种有机酸及其它无机营养。这种化肥营养平衡、清洁卫生，对于发展无公害农业，促进农业可持续发展作用十分明显。有机钾肥是本公司的专利技术，专利号：96118644.5。有机-无机钾肥是在这种基础上的创新。国内外尚没有这种技术。
本发明的理论基础
1有机酸(特别是酮酸)是作物同化氨态氮转化为氨基酸的受体，是机体生命活动获得能量的基础物质。正常情况下，叶片进行光合作用生成的糖转运入根部，经“糖酵解”和“三羧酸循环”形成各种有机酸，如a-酮戊二酸，延胡索酸、草酰乙酸等都是氨的受体，它们可形成各种氨基酸并继续合成为蛋白质。本发明生产的有机-无机钾肥含有适量的有机酸及其它无机营养，可以通过叶面喷施直接注入到作物机体内，补充有机酸和其它无机营养，增强作物新陈代谢的能力和自身的需要。
2小分子有机酸水溶性好，能被作物叶面有选择的吸收。适宜浓渡可以刺激作物生长起到生理调节作用。磷酸氢二钾是典型的水溶性无机磷钾肥，也是作物需要的主要营养。如补充适量的氮元素，则更有利作物的吸收和全面营养。
发明内容 酮酸等有机酸是一种作物可以直接吸收利用的有机化合物，可以由玉米芯、水稻杆等农林废料用化学方法提取，它和碳酸钾进行复分解反应生成有机酸钾，而后添加磷酸钾及其它无机养份制成有机-无机钾肥，最后用多种有机酸调整溶液的pH值即可达到目的。产品特征如下：
1本发明的有机-无机钾肥其表达式为：xK2HPO4.yR-COOK.zR′-COOH式中R，R′为CH3-、CH3CH2-、CH3COCH2CH2-、CH3CHNH2-，HOOCH2CH2-等，x、y、z分别为大于0的有理数。
2产品易溶于水，无有害物质，可作节水灌溉肥料使用。含有多种营养、主要为磷、钾营养和有机营养。
本发明的优点、效果及目的
1传统的有机-无机肥料中的有机质，是用农林废料、生物秸杆、人畜粪便等天然有机物和无机化肥混合制成的。本发明肥料中的有机质是用天然有机物(例如玉米芯、水稻杆、小麦杆、花生壳等)经过提取、用化学方法加工而成的。产品没有生物细菌、霉菌、寄生虫等有害物质。
2有机酸作为生理活性物质，对植物的影响极其复杂，配伍或使用不当对作物危害甚大，配伍及使用得当则会带来意想不到的效果。本发明选择了多种酮酸与无机营养科学地配伍，既能作为生理活性物质参与代谢，又可以作为同化氨的受体补充作物的多种营养，克服了单独使用有机钾肥有机酸含量偏高造成的弊病。使用十分安全。
3本发明立足植物营养的全面平衡，无机营养和有机营养在相对平衡的状态下协同作用效果非常显著，经大田试验证明：黄瓜、茄子等蔬菜作物使用后差异极显著。苹果、猕猴桃等水果及玉米、甘薯等粮食作物增产效果也很明显。部分作物大田试验如下：
有机-无机钾肥大田试验报告
试验采用随机区组排列，5个处理，重复3次，计15个小区。试验见附表：
黄瓜喷施不同钾肥与清水对照小区产量汇总表(表1)
| 编号 | 名称 | 主要养份含量 | 喷施比例 | (一) | (二) | (三) | 处理和Ti | 处理平均 |
| 1 | 清水CK | 29.30 | 28.50 | 28.30 | 86.10 | 28.70 | ||
| 2 | 无机钾肥 | K2O％＝18 | 1∶600 | 33.00 | 34.30 | 34.50 | 101.80 | 33.93 |
| 3 | 有机-无机钾肥 | K2O％＝18P2O5％＝9N％＝5有机质＝8％ | 1∶500 | 36.50 | 39.75 | 37.85 | 114.10 | 38.03 |
| 4 | 有机-无机钾肥 | K2O％＝18P2O5％＝9N％＝5有机质＝8％ | 1∶600 | 39.70 | 34.98 | 37.82 | 112.50 | 37.50 |
| 5 | 有机钾肥 | K2O％＝18有机质＝44％ | 1∶600 | 37.05 | 33.15 | 36.40 | 106.60 | 35.53 |
| T＝521.10×(平均)＝34.74 | ||||||||
黄瓜喷施不同钾肥与清水对照试验多重比较表(表2)
| 处理 | 平均值(Kg) | 差异显著性成度5％ | 差异显著性成度1％ |
| 3 | 38.03 | a | A |
| 4 | 37.50 | a | A |
| 5 | 35.53 | a | AB |
| 2 | 33.93 | a | AB |
| 1 | 28.70 | b | B |
由表中可以看出，处理3、4(均为有机—无机化肥)与清水1对照差异极显著。
茄子喷施不同钾肥与清水对照小区产量汇总表(表3)
| 编号 | 名称 | 主要养份含量 | 喷施比例 | (一) | (二) | (三) | 处理和Ti | 处理平均 |
| 1 | 清水CK | 36.25 | 38.15 | 39.60 | 114.00 | 38.00 | ||
| 2 | 无机钾肥 | K2O％＝18 | 1∶600 | 47.70 | 42.90 | 47.00 | 137.60 | 45.87 |
| 3 | 有机-无机钾肥 | K2O％＝18P2O5％＝9N％＝5有机质＝8％ | 1∶500 | 55.35 | 43.45 | 59.60 | 160.40 | 53.47 |
| 4 | 有机-无机钾肥 | K2O％＝18P2O5％＝9N％＝5有机质＝8％ | 1∶600 | 54.50 | 50.35 | 48.35 | 153.20 | 51.07 |
| 5 | 有机钾肥 | K2O％＝18有机质＝44％ | 1∶600 | 43.40 | 45.20 | 53.00 | 141.60 | 47.20 |
| T＝706.8×(平均)＝47.12 | ||||||||
茄子喷施不同钾肥与清水对照试验多重比较表(表4)
| 处理 | 平均值(Kg) | 差异显著性成度5％ | 差异显著性成度1％ |
| 3 | 53.47 | a | A |
| 4 | 51.07 | a | AB |
| 5 | 47.20 | ab | AB |
| 2 | 45.87 | ab | AB |
| 1 | 38.00 | b | B |
由表中可以看出，处理3、4(均为有机-无机钾肥)与清水对照差异显著，处理3差异极显著。
具体实施方式 本发明可以根据作物需要拟定多种配方，最基本的方法是：将工业碳酸钾用水在反应釜内溶解好，而后将选择好的有机酸缓慢加入，并不断搅拌，反应过程中产生的二氧化碳可用导管引出，泡沫消除后逐步加入磷酸钾盐(同时也可加入其它无机养料)，溶解及反应完全后再用其它有机酸调整PH值，使其保持到6-8。
最终产品营养成分的分析方法，可参考GB15063-2001《复混肥料(复合肥料)》的分析和有机质含量的测定方法-重酪酸钾溶量法(外加热法)。
Claims (1)
1一种用化学方法加工成的有机—无机液体钾肥，其化学表达式为：xK2HPO4.yR-COOK.zR′-COOH式中：R，R′为CH3-，CH3CH2-，CH2COCH2CH2-，CH3CHNH2-，HOOCCH2CH2-等。x、y、z、分别为大于0的有理数。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 03146336 CN1256304C (zh) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | 有机－无机液体钾肥 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03146336 CN1256304C (zh) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | 有机－无机液体钾肥 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1566032A true CN1566032A (zh) | 2005-01-19 |
| CN1256304C CN1256304C (zh) | 2006-05-17 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106068859A (zh) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | 甘蔗田间栽培中的液体钾肥施用方法 |
| CN106316835A (zh) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-11 | 山西国润制药有限公司 | 一种醋酸钾原料药的制备方法 |
| CN110981587A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 张家港美景荣化学工业有限公司 | 一种滴灌用有机钾肥及其制备方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-07-09 CN CN 03146336 patent/CN1256304C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106316835A (zh) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-11 | 山西国润制药有限公司 | 一种醋酸钾原料药的制备方法 |
| CN106068859A (zh) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | 甘蔗田间栽培中的液体钾肥施用方法 |
| CN110981587A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 张家港美景荣化学工业有限公司 | 一种滴灌用有机钾肥及其制备方法 |
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| CN1256304C (zh) | 2006-05-17 |
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