CN1564046A - High subharmonic soft x-ray lining microscope - Google Patents
High subharmonic soft x-ray lining microscope Download PDFInfo
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- CN1564046A CN1564046A CN 200410017062 CN200410017062A CN1564046A CN 1564046 A CN1564046 A CN 1564046A CN 200410017062 CN200410017062 CN 200410017062 CN 200410017062 A CN200410017062 A CN 200410017062A CN 1564046 A CN1564046 A CN 1564046A
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Abstract
The phase contrast microscope includes femtosecond laser, and convergent lens, hollow capillary wave-guide, sample cell, zone plate and detector arranged in sequence on optical path. Capillary wave-guide, sample cell, zone plate and detector are setup inside vacuum chamber. The detector though wire is connected to computer outside the chamber. Laser through convergent lens is focused on capillary wave-guide, causing ionization of gas in capillary wave-guide to generate high order harmonic soft X-ray. The said soft X ray irradiates sample to be tested inside sample room. Then zone plate between sample room and detector forms a magnified image on the detector, which sends phase contrast image to computer for processing. The device possesses higher resolution and real time processing capability, being applicable to study ultra quick physical process of superfine structure.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of microscope, particularly a kind of higher hamonic wave grenz ray phasecontrast microscope, this phasecontrast microscope has purposes extremely widely in biomedicine.
Background technology:
In recent years, because the development of superpower ultrashort laser makes the higher hamonic wave radiation enter into water window wave section, this huge progress had caused people's extensive concern.Ultrashortly be meant extreme time scale, laser pulse width only is several femtoseconds, and the distance that light is propagated in a femtosecond is 0.3 μ m, superpower high power and the power density of being meant.At present, a laser system can produce the peak power of 1015W, and the light intensity after the focusing can reach 10
21～10
22W/cm
2, the electric field that it produced is much larger than the Coulomb field of atom inside, but also can produce 10
4The ultrastrong magnetic field of T, 10
11The UHV (ultra-high voltage) of par and temperature are up to 10
9The blackbody radiation of K.Under this extreme physical condition, laser and matter interaction produced many new phenomenons, and higher hamonic wave are exactly the product of high field physics.
High Power Femtosecond Laser and inert gas interact and produce higher hamonic wave, are a kind of non-linear phenomenas, can make an explanation with semiclassical theory.
Electronics in the atom, under the effect of varying strength laser field, produce ionization, ionization mechanism also is diverse, and the relevant ionization that produces with higher hamonic wave has following several: multiphoton ionization (Multiphoton Ionization), ionization above threshold (Above Thresuold Ionization), tunnel ionization (Tunneling Ionization) and potential barrier ionization (Over-the barrier Ionization) excessively.
Multiphoton ionization is meant the electronics in the atom, and the process of ionization by absorbing a plurality of photon energies of required minimized number is under the situation that this usually occurs in, and laser intensity is lower, the duration of pulse is long.
What is called is ionization above threshold, refers to that the electronics in the atom can absorb the ionization more than the required minimized number photon of its ionization.
When laser intensity is enough high, and laser frequency is very low, under quasistatic approximation, be in the atom in the laser field this moment, its potential energy is modulated by laser electric field and serious distortion is taken place, and promptly the coulomb electric field and the laser electric field of atom are superimposed in its polarization direction, and has formed a synthetic potential barrier.Along with the further increase of laser intensity, potential barrier is depressed, and makes the ground state electronics may pass through tunnel effect, crosses potential barrier and ionization, Here it is tunnel ionization phenomena.
Along with laser intensity further increases, the coulomb potential field of atom may be suppressed fully, and when barrier height being reduced to be equal to or less than the ionic potential of atom, the ground state electronics just can directly be crossed it and become free electron, and Here it is crosses the potential barrier ionization mechanism.
The electronics that has been ionized is further quickened by laser field, some electronics is away from atomic nucleus, and some electronics then can be through near the atomic nucleus, and those are through near the electronics the atomic nucleus, collision takes place and produce higher hamonic wave with nuclear, the principle of work of generation higher hamonic wave that Here it is.
1997, the ultrafast optical laboratory of Michigan university was the 780nm laser pulse and the He interaction of 6 femtoseconds with pulsewidth, has observed the harmonic radiation up to 297 times, and minimal wave length is 2.73nm.
1998, an experiment group of Vienna technology university, adopting pulsewidth is the 780nm laser pulse and the He interaction of 5 femtoseconds, has also obtained the result of harmonic radiation wavelength less than 3nm.
These two experimental results that experiment group obtains make the higher hamonic wave radiation enter into water window wave section.
2003, D.G, people such as Lee prove that the higher hamonic wave x-ray source compares with synchrotron radiation and x-ray laser in vacuum ultraviolet and grenz ray zone, its radiation characteristic is: angular divergence, ultrashort pulse duration and spatial coherence all than them for good [referring to technology: D.G formerly, Wave-front phase measurments of high-order harmonic beams by use ofpoint-diffraction interferometry such as Lee, Optics Letters vol.28, No.6,480,2003].
In recent years, X ray phase contrast imaging technology has obtained develop rapidly, and the maximum characteristics of this imaging technique are that it just can obtain phase information without any need for the optical element that is used for changing X ray position phase.
When the partial coherence X ray passes through object, except absorbing, also to produce phase change, the distortion of wavefront promptly takes place.This wavefront distortion causes the direction of propagation on part corrugated to change, and it will formation be interfered with the corrugated that distortion does not take place is overlapping.Like this, phase change changes into Strength Changes, and this image can directly obtain the phase change image without any reconfiguration technique.
X ray phase contrast imaging technology has been widely used in studying numerous areas such as biological living, material analysis, has obtained many fruitful results.But regrettably, employed x-ray source all is the X-ray tube of synchrotron radiation source in the X ray phase contrast imaging at present, and image all is to amplify after record again, has limited its research to dynamic process and superfine structure, and resolution only is about 10 μ m.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to existing shortcoming in the above-mentioned technology formerly, propose a kind of higher hamonic wave X ray phase contrast microscopic imaging device, this device has higher resolution and processing capability in real time, can be used to study the ultrafast physical process of superfine structure.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of higher hamonic wave X ray phasecontrast microscope, comprise femto-second laser, it is characterized in that on this output light path of laser instrument, convergent lens being arranged successively, hollow capillary waveguide, the sample chamber, zone plate, detector, described hollow capillary waveguide, the sample chamber, zone plate, detector is placed in the vacuum chamber, described detector links to each other by the outer computing machine of lead and vacuum chamber, the laser that described femto-second laser sends focuses in the hollow capillary waveguide through convergent lens, to fill at this hollow capillary waveguide) in gas produce ionization, give off the higher hamonic wave grenz ray, the grenz ray of outgoing is radiated on the testing sample of sample chamber from hollow capillary waveguide, be placed on zone plate amplification imaging between sample chamber and the detector on detector, this detector is sent phase-contrast images into computing machine and is handled.
Described femto-second laser is a titanium jewel femto-second laser.
Described convergent lens is an achromat.
Described hollow capillary waveguide is that an internal diameter is that the length that 100 μ m～300 μ m quartz ampoules are made is the hollow capillary waveguide of 6.4m, in be filled with He gas or argon gas.
Described detector is a CCD charge-coupled device, and the grenz ray wave band is had higher sensitivity.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
Grenz ray phasecontrast microscope of the present invention has adopted the higher hamonic wave soft X-ray source, can regard a pointolite as, and higher spatial coherence is arranged, and this is proved by many experiments that this provides a coherent source for phase contrast imaging.
Grenz ray phasecontrast microscope of the present invention has used a wavestrip number greater than 500 zone plate, and this zone plate imaging meets the isochromatic lens imaging formula:
In the formula, f is the focal length of zone plate, and u is an object distance, and v is an image distance.If near focal length, imaging this moment enlargement factor can reach 1000 times with object distance for we.
If each pixel size of CCD is 24 μ m, promptly distinguishable object spacing is 24 μ m, and then distinguishable object size is 48 μ m.The pre-amplification multiple of known again micro zone plates is 1002, and then the resolution of this X ray holographic microscope is 48 μ m/1002=48nm.This Confirmation Of Number the employing micro zone plates amplify in advance, reduce resolution requirement greatly to recording medium, increase substantially the imaging resolution of grenz ray phasecontrast microscope.
Compare with technology formerly, higher hamonic wave grenz ray phasecontrast microscope of the present invention, adopt the higher hamonic wave grenz ray to make light source, higher spatial coherence is arranged, owing to used zone plate that phase contrast image is amplified, the resolution of phase contrast imaging has been improved 100 times, and this can provide a desirable instrument for biomedical research.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a higher hamonic wave grenz ray phasecontrast microscope embodiment schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1 earlier, Fig. 1 is a higher hamonic wave grenz ray phasecontrast microscope embodiment schematic diagram of the present invention, it is made up of eight parts: femto-second laser 1, convergent lens 2, hollow capillary waveguide sample chamber 4, zone plate 5, detector 6, computing machine 7 and vacuum chamber 8.In the present embodiment:
Said femto-second laser 1 is that a pulsewidth is 20fs, and the output energy is 100 μ J, and radiation wavelength is the femtosecond titanium sapphire laser system of 800nm.
Said convergent lens 2 is achromatic glass lenss, and focal length is long to be 100mm, and diameter is 80mm.
Said hollow capillary waveguide 3, internal diameter are 150 μ m, and length is 64mm, is filled with helium.
Said sample chamber 4 is operating rooms that are used for placing biological sample.
Said zone plate 5 is that a diameter is 3mm, and focal length is 4mm, and the wavestrip number is greater than 500 fresnel's zone plate.
Said detector 6 is CCD charge-coupled devices that grenz ray had higher sensitivity.
Said computing machine 7 is the computing machines that can show phase contrast image in real time.
Said vacuum chamber 8 is that a vacuum tightness is 10
-3τ simple vacuum chamber.
The principle of work and the basic process of higher hamonic wave grenz ray phasecontrast microscope of the present invention are as follows:
The laser that gives off from femto-second laser 1 focuses in the hollow capillary waveguide 3 that is filled with helium through convergent lens 2, and to produce wavelength be the grenz ray of 3nm, and this grenz ray incides sample chamber 4, free space propagate one apart from Z after
In the formula, Z
1Be the distance of hollow capillary waveguide 3 cores to sample chamber 4, λ is the soft x-ray radiation wavelength, U
1Be the sample space frequency in the sample chamber.
Entering into and being placed on apart from the sample chamber 4 distance is the zone plate 5 of U=Z+3.996mm, received by the detector 6 of the distance of distance zone plate then by 3996mm, this system amplifies 1000 times with phase-contrast images, grenz ray phase contrast imaging resolution is also improved 1000 times, may detect the superfine structure of 48nm.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of higher hamonic wave X ray phasecontrast microscope, comprise femto-second laser (1), it is characterized in that being on this output light path of laser instrument (1) convergent lens (2) is arranged successively, hollow capillary waveguide (3), sample chamber (4), zone plate (5), detector (6), described hollow capillary waveguide (3), sample chamber (4), zone plate (5), detector (6) is placed in the vacuum chamber (8), described detector (6) links to each other by the outer computing machine (7) of lead and vacuum chamber (8), the laser that described femto-second laser (1) sends focuses in the hollow capillary waveguide (3) through convergent lens (2), the gas that will fill in this hollow capillary waveguide (3) produces ionization, give off the higher hamonic wave grenz ray, the grenz ray of outgoing is radiated on the testing sample of sample chamber (4) from hollow capillary waveguide (3), be placed on zone plate (5) amplification imaging between sample chamber (4) and the detector (6) on detector (6), this detector (6) is sent phase-contrast images into computing machine (7) and is handled.
2, higher hamonic wave X ray phasecontrast microscope according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described femto-second laser (1) is a titanium jewel femto-second laser, pulse width is 5～150fs, and single pulse energy is 1 μ J～300 μ J, radiation wavelength is 780～830nm, and repetition frequency is 10
3～10
6Hz.
3, higher hamonic wave X ray phasecontrast microscope according to claim 1 is characterized in that described convergent lens (2) is an achromat.
4, higher hamonic wave X ray phasecontrast microscope according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described hollow capillary waveguide (3) is that an internal diameter is that the length that 100 μ m～300 μ m quartz ampoules are made is the hollow capillary waveguide of 6.4m, in be filled with He gas or argon gas.
5, higher hamonic wave X ray phasecontrast microscope according to claim 1 is characterized in that described detector (6) is a CCD charge-coupled device, has higher sensitivity to the grenz ray wave band.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410017062 CN1243269C (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | High subharmonic soft X-ray lining microscope |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410017062 CN1243269C (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | High subharmonic soft X-ray lining microscope |
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| CN1564046A true CN1564046A (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| CN1243269C CN1243269C (en) | 2006-02-22 |
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| CN 200410017062 Expired - Fee Related CN1243269C (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | High subharmonic soft X-ray lining microscope |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012139313A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-10-18 | 杭州一二八医院 | Method for identifying cancer cell pattern using soft x-ray microscopic imaging |
-
2004
- 2004-03-19 CN CN 200410017062 patent/CN1243269C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012139313A1 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-10-18 | 杭州一二八医院 | Method for identifying cancer cell pattern using soft x-ray microscopic imaging |
| US9081998B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2015-07-14 | NO. 128 Hospital of Hangzhou | Method for utilizing soft X-ray microimaging for cancer cell image recognition |
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| CN1243269C (en) | 2006-02-22 |
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Granted publication date: 20060222 Termination date: 20100319 |