CN1563942A - Device and method of analyzing transfer parameter of liquid in saturated multiporous medium - Google Patents

Device and method of analyzing transfer parameter of liquid in saturated multiporous medium Download PDF

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CN1563942A
CN1563942A CN 200410017213 CN200410017213A CN1563942A CN 1563942 A CN1563942 A CN 1563942A CN 200410017213 CN200410017213 CN 200410017213 CN 200410017213 A CN200410017213 A CN 200410017213A CN 1563942 A CN1563942 A CN 1563942A
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concentration
porous medium
diffusion
diffusant
saturated
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席永慧
胡中雄
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Abstract

The unit is a model trough with no cover divided by polyporous plate into barrier room for accommodating polyporous medium, diffuse source room and distilled water room. The unit is utilized to detect how thickness of dispersing agent is changed along with time and thickness of dispersing agent is distributed at different positions in polyporous medium. The thickness is expressed by Laplace solution of diffusion equation. Migration parameters, diffusion coefficient D, distribution coefficient Kd is obtained from reverse analysis. Features are simple structure, easy of operation, and reliable testing result.

Description

A kind of apparatus and method of measuring liquid transfer parameter in saturated porous media
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pollutant measurement technical field, be specifically related to a kind of apparatus and method of measuring liquid transfer parameter in saturated porous media.Utilize this method and apparatus can measure diffusion coefficient D and the partition factor K of pollutant in soil d
Technical background
Along with the growth and the industrialized development of urban population, various discharging wastes quantity sharply increase, discarded object be manipulated so the severe problem that the world today faced.At present in the world most countries to the disposal of discarded object still based on landfill.The way that landfill yard is general is that layering landfill, compacting are done the layer that binds with clay then at landfill material and underground antiseepage fender body of pollution source surrounding buildings and the artificial back cover layer of antiseepage.Countries such as present America and Europe have developed the active barrier system with high adsorption.In the design of barrier system, determine that the transfer parameter of pollutant in barrier (comprises diffusion coefficient D and partition factor K d) be the most primary and crucial.Though the mensuration of transfer parameter most accurately can determine that doing like this can be very time-consuming, and can pollute environment from site test, so generally still the chamber model test is definite by experiment.
JP2003106974 discloses a kind of method of measuring the coefficient of diffusion in the liquid, it is because the change of the solution concentration that diffusion causes and the change of solution quality by measuring, determine diffusion flow J and concentration gradient dc/dx, according to Fick ' s first law, obtain diffusion coefficient D again.
JP9234329 discloses and has a kind ofly reached the method that certain phenomenon (particularly adsorbing quality changes) that adsorption equilibrium produces is calculated coefficient of diffusion in (oxidation) silica gel particle medium by research.
US5627329 discloses the method for definite diffusant coefficient of diffusion in solid granular thing (as plastics, metal), with inert gas by containing the granular substance of diffusant, measure a parameter that is directly proportional with diffusant concentration in the inert gas that flows out in a period of time scope, get the slope of parameter~time curve neutral line part, multiply by a constant again, promptly obtain coefficient of diffusion.The shortcoming of this device is that the temperature difficulty of heating is chosen, and will guarantee that promptly diffusant does not become liquid, makes particle can not be softened or become liquid state again, because particle is in different states, the coefficient of diffusion that obtains is different.
WO9733152 discloses the method and apparatus of charged molecule in a kind of mensuration porous medium (being ion) coefficient of diffusion, porous medium be placed on a level of making by non-conducting material to container in, a buffer container is respectively put at the container two ends, an electrode is respectively arranged in each buffer container, and the source that the generation potential difference (PD) is housed between two electrodes is to quicken the motion of charged molecule.During test charged molecule is contacted with porous medium, measure the motion (as the distance that covers behind the certain hour) of these charged molecules, and then calculate coefficient of diffusion.This device only is applicable to measures the diffusion of ion in porous medium.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of simple in structure, easy to use, with low cost being used for and measure the apparatus and method of liquid at the saturated media transfer parameter.
The present invention design be used for measuring the device of liquid at the saturated media transfer parameter, it is a kind of pure disperser, be specially the uncovered model groove of making by the PEF plastic plate, by porous plate (holing on the PEF plastic plate) it is divided into 3 parts: center section is the barrier chamber, the placing porous medium; Left-hand component is the diffuse source chamber, and right-hand component is the distillation hydroecium.
The advantage of this device is:
1) makes simply, only can be assembled into, do not need cover plate, only need a base plate, several side plates with several PEF plastic plates.
2) cheap.As long as such box is about 100 yuan cost.
3) in this process of the test, have only diffusion process to exist, do not have the interference of seepage flow, the diffusion coefficient D that records is pure diffusion coefficient D.
The concrete steps of assay method of the present invention are: (1) puts into the center section of model groove with porous medium, is sidelong by porous medium at porous plate and puts a filter paper, in case porous medium spills from the hole; (2) the right and left at the model groove partly adds distilled water (can not fill it up with), and it is saturated that porous medium is slowly absorbed water, and gets rid of the air in the medium hole, makes porous medium closely knit, and the time that this process continues is longer; (3) treat that porous medium is saturated after, add the liquid that contains diffusant in the side (left side) of model groove, opposite side (right side) adds distilled water, and the water level of liquid and distilled water is equated, does not so just have the generation of seepage flow phenomenon; The water level face will be lower than the porous medium face in addition, overflows in order to avoid contain the liquid and the distilled water of diffusant; (4) along with the carrying out of diffusion, the concentration of diffusant descends gradually in the liquid diffuse source; In process of the test, the concentration of measuring on the one hand diffusant in the diffuse source is measured in the porous medium concentration of diffusant on the diverse location over time on the other hand.
The calculating of coefficient of diffusion:
The determinator of the present invention's design is pure disperser, and transport equation is represented with the one dimension diffusion equation of pollutant in saturated porous media:
R f ∂ c ∂ t = D ∂ 2 c ∂ x 2 - - - ( 1 )
In the formula: R fBe the retardance factor, suppose that absorption is linear absorption, then R f=1+ (ρ bk d/ n), n is a porosity; ρ bIt is the porous medium dry density; k dIt is the line balancing coefficient (partition factor) of adsorption isothermal.
The boundary condition of this assay method is as follows:
C(x>0;t=0)=0 (2)
C(x=0;t=0)=C 0 (3)
C(x=L;t>0)=0 (4)
In the formula: the length of L-porous medium part, i.e. barrier chamber length L in the determinator 2Before formula 2 expression diffusions take place, there is not this kind diffusant in the porous medium; The initial concentration of diffusant is a constant C in formula (3) the express liquid diffuse source 0Formula (4) is illustrated in the whole diffusion process, and porous medium is always 0 by the concentration of distilled water side diffusant.
Here preceding two conditions are understandable fully.Formula 4 can be understood like this: what put on the right side of device is distilled water because test period is shorter, the amount that the diffusant diffusion arrives the distilled water side seldom, again because the diluting effect of distilled water, so hypothesis is set up.
Along with the carrying out of diffusion, diffusant concentration reduces owing to diffusing in the porous medium in the liquid diffuse source:
C ( 0 , t ) = C 0 - 1 H f ∫ 0 t f ( 0 , τ ) dτ - - - ( 5 )
In the formula: f (0, be that the x=0 place diffuses into the diffusion flux in the porous medium τ), f=-D (dc/dx), H fThe thickness that is diffuse source (pollution source) (is the length L of diffuse source chamber in the determinator 1).
This migration models can not get analytic solution, adopts La Pula to tear (Laplace) transform method here, earlier equation (1) is carried out the Laplace conversion, obtains the general type that the Laplace of equation (1) separates
c=B 1exp(φ 1x)+B 2exp(φ 2x) (6)
f=nDB 1φ 2exp(φ 1x)+nDB 2φ 1exp(φ 2x) (7)
B 1, B 2-integration constant; φ 1, φ 2---following equation root:
φ 1 = v 2 D + v 2 4 D 2 + R f s + λ D = R f s D = s D *
φ 2 = v 2 D - v 2 4 D 2 + R f s + λ D = - R f s D = - s D *
B 1, B 2Try to achieve after the Laplace conversion by boundary condition, with B 1, B 2Value substitution equation (6), (7), the Laplace of concentration C separates as follows:
C ‾ = C 0 exp ( sR f / Dx ) exp ( 2 s R f / Dx ) - exp ( 2 sR f / DL ) s [ 1 - exp ( 2 sR f / DL ] - nD H f sR f / D [ 1 + exp ( 2 sR f / DL ) ] - - - ( 8 )
Wherein S is Laplace (La Pula a tears) operator, is multiple parameter.
To one group of given parameter (D, R f), can obtain the concentration C value of diffusant on random time, the optional position by formula (8) by numerical transformation, so ask D and k by test dValue is the utilization inverse analysis method.Concrete steps are as follows: diffusion test proceeds to a certain moment t, can record in the porous medium concentration value of diffusant on the diverse location, obtains the relation curve of concentration C and diffusion length x, adjusts diffusion coefficient D and partition factor k dValue obtains half analytic solution of concentration by formula (8), and the concentration curve with these theoretical half analytic solution go the match experiment to record pushes over out D and k thus dValue.Concentration that also can be by measuring diffusant in the diffuse source is adjusted D and k over time dValue uses the theoretical solution that is obtained by formula (8) to remove the match concentration time curve, D that obtains estimating and k dValue.About the D value, can go to estimate with the analytic solution in the infinite half plane earlier.
The present invention utilizes self-designed pure disperser, and the concentration value by on the soil sample diverse location after measuring the concentration change in the diffuse source or spreading certain hour goes the match test figure with theoretical curve, D that obtains mating and k dValue.The advantage of the method is that device is simple and practical, and is with low cost; Pure diffusion measurement process computing method are simple relatively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a determinator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the Ca of two examples of use the present invention acquisition 2+The relation curve of distance (C-X) of concentration.
Fig. 3 is the K of an example of use the present invention acquisition +The relation curve of distance (C-X) of concentration.
Fig. 4 is the Zn of an example of use the present invention acquisition 2+The relation curve of distance (C-X) of concentration.
Number in the figure: B-model well width; H-model groove height, L 1-diffuse source chamber length, L 2-porous medium chamber length, L 3-distillation hydroecium length.
Embodiment
Further introduce the present invention below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Porous media material adopts area, Shanghai shallow soil (silty clay) (liquid limit ω L=30.5%, plastic limit ω P=18.9%, plasticity index I P=11.6), diffusant is CaCl 2Moulded dimension is as follows: B=10cm, H=15cm, L 1=10cm, L 2=10cm, L 3=10cm.Test procedure is as follows: before (1) test, with the soil sample natural air drying, remove the above bulky grain of 2mm; (2) soil sample of natural air drying is put into the center section of device, tamping in layers, recording the soil sample dry density is 1.5g/cm 3, porosity is 0.43; (3) add distilled water at the right and left of model groove, it is saturated to make that soil sample absorbs water at leisure, gets rid of the air in the soil pores, and this process will continue the long time (about two weeks~1 month); (4) treat that soil sample is fully saturated after, be sidelong CaCl in diffuse source into the normal concentration for preparing 2(Ca 2+Concentration be 0.1mol/L), opposite side adds distilled water, attention will make the height of water level on native barrier both sides equate, so just can not produce seepage flow, is also noted that the water level face on both sides will be lower than about porous medium face 3cm slightly.Diffusion process has just begun like this, along with the carrying out of diffusion, Ca in the diffuse source 2+Concentration descend gradually.After test proceeds to 63 days, measure in the native porous medium Ca on the diverse location 2+Concentration.
In order to calculate diffusion coefficient D and partition factor k dValue, what leave diffuse source with test point is horizontal ordinate apart from x, with this diffusant Ca 2+Concentration C be ordinate, the data preparation that experiment is recorded is seen Fig. 2 in the C-X coordinate system.With the method for telling about previously, suppose different D, ρ bk dValue returns theoretical curve to experimental data, successfully obtained D, R with the experimental data coupling fValue, Ca 2+Diffusion coefficient D value in native porous medium is 11.1 * 10 6Cm 2/ s, ρ bk dValue is 0.6, blocks factor R accordingly fValue is 2.40.
Embodiment 2
Other condition is the same, just changes diffuse source into CaCl 2, KCl mixed solution (Ca 2+, K +Initial concentration be 0.1mol/L), after test proceeds to 63 days, measure in the native porous medium Ca on the diverse location 2+, K +Concentration.The method of calculating coefficient of diffusion is the same, Ca 2+The results are shown in Figure 2, K +The results are shown in Figure 3, the Ca that obtains 2+Diffusion coefficient D value in native porous medium is 11.1 * 10 -6Cm 2/ s, ρ bk dValue is 0.15, blocks factor R accordingly fValue is 1.34; K +Diffusion coefficient D value in native porous medium is 4.76~6.3 * 10 -6Cm 2/ s, ρ bk dValue is 5~7, blocks factor R accordingly fValue is 12.63~17.28.
Embodiment 3
Other condition is the same, just changes diffuse source into ZnSO 4Solution (Zn 2+Initial concentration be 0.1mol/L), after test proceeds to 63 days, measure in the native porous medium Zn on the diverse location 2+Concentration.The method of calculating coefficient of diffusion is the same, the results are shown in Figure 4, the Zn that obtains 2+Diffusion coefficient D value in native porous medium is 9.5 * 10 -6m 2/ s, ρ bk dValue is 0.8, blocks factor R accordingly fValue is 2.83.
Above-mentioned diffusion coefficient D that this patent records and partition factor k dValue through with foreign literature in the result that records of other method of usefulness of reporting relatively, quite approaching, some phenomenon of discovery (as being different with transfer parameter under the multiple diffusant situation) also existence in the bibliographical information abroad at the phenomenon of diffusion source concentration sudden change, single diffusant of planting.Illustrate that the transfer parameter value that the present invention tries to achieve is that method is feasible reliably.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of device of measuring liquid transfer parameter in saturated porous media, it is characterized in that uncovered model groove for making by the vinyon plate, by porous plate it is divided into 3 parts: center section is the barrier chamber that is used for the placing porous medium, left-hand component is the diffuse source chamber, and right-hand component is the distillation hydroecium.
2, a kind of method of measuring liquid transfer parameter in saturated porous media is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) porous medium is put into the center section of model groove, be sidelong by porous medium at porous plate and put a filter paper, in case porous medium spills from the hole;
(2) the right and left at the model groove partly adds distilled water, and it is saturated that porous medium is slowly absorbed water, and gets rid of the air in the medium hole, makes porous medium closely knit;
(3) treat that porous medium is saturated after, add the liquid that contains diffusant in a side of model groove, opposite side adds distilled water, and the water level of liquid and distilled water is equated; The water level face will be lower than the porous medium face in addition;
(4) along with the carrying out of diffusion, the concentration of diffusant descends gradually in the liquid diffuse source; In process of the test, the concentration of measuring on the one hand diffusant in the diffuse source is measured in the porous medium concentration of diffusant on the diverse location over time on the other hand.
3, the method for mensuration liquid according to claim 2 transfer parameter in saturated porous media, the concentration C that it is characterized in that described diffusant are separated by the Laplace of diffusion equation and are provided:
C ‾ = C 0 exp ( s R f / D x ) exp ( 2 s R f / D x ) - exp ( 2 s R f / D L ) s [ 1 - exp ( 2 s R f / D L ] - nD H f s R f / D [ 1 + exp ( 2 s R f / D L ) ] - - ( 8 )
Wherein, R fBe the retardance factor, R f=1+ (ρ bk d/ n), n is a porosity, ρ bO porous medium dry density, k dBe partition factor, H fBe diffuse source thickness, D is a coefficient of diffusion, and S is that La Pula tears operator, is multiple parameter, and L is the length of porous medium part in the model groove.
4, the method for mensuration liquid according to claim 3 transfer parameter in saturated porous media is characterized in that using following inverse analysis method to try to achieve diffusion coefficient D and partition factor K d: diffusion test proceeds to a certain moment t, can record in the porous medium concentration value of diffusant on the diverse location, obtains the relation curve of concentration C and diffusion length x, adjusts diffusion coefficient D and partition factor k dValue obtains half analytic solution of concentration by formula (8), and the concentration curve with these theoretical half analytic solution go the match experiment to record pushes over out D and k thus dValue.
5, the method for mensuration liquid according to claim 3 transfer parameter in saturated porous media is characterized in that using following inverse analysis method to try to achieve diffusion coefficient D and partition factor K d: the concentration by measuring diffusant in the diffuse source is adjusted D and k over time dValue uses the theoretical solution that is obtained by formula (8) to remove the match concentration time curve, D that obtains estimating and k dValue.
CN 200410017213 2004-03-25 2004-03-25 Device and method of analyzing transfer parameter of liquid in saturated multiporous medium Pending CN1563942A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101963571A (en) * 2010-09-21 2011-02-02 同济大学 Indoor detection method for treatment effect of cement soil barrier isolation method
CN102507394A (en) * 2011-11-17 2012-06-20 大连交通大学 Method for measuring effective diffusion coefficient and porosity of porous medium
CN104359799A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-02-18 同济大学 Indoor test device for detecting effect of blocking ion diffusion by active seepage-proof barriers
CN104359800A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-02-18 同济大学 Laboratory test device for detecting effect of seepage-proof curtain walls on blocking ion diffusion
CN106918536A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-07-04 同济大学 The measure device and method of the vertical effective diffusion cofficient of solute in a kind of saturation soil layer
CN108344668A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-07-31 浙江大学 Experimental provision for testing unsaturation dielectric gas diffusion coefficient and infiltration coefficient
CN108387485A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-08-10 安徽理工大学 Solute molecule diffusion coefficients experimental provision based on layering porous media
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101963571A (en) * 2010-09-21 2011-02-02 同济大学 Indoor detection method for treatment effect of cement soil barrier isolation method
CN102507394A (en) * 2011-11-17 2012-06-20 大连交通大学 Method for measuring effective diffusion coefficient and porosity of porous medium
CN102507394B (en) * 2011-11-17 2013-07-10 大连交通大学 Method for measuring effective diffusion coefficient and porosity of porous medium
CN104359800B (en) * 2014-10-27 2017-07-28 同济大学 Detect that antiseepage curtain wall stops the laboratory testing rig of ion diffusion effect
CN104359800A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-02-18 同济大学 Laboratory test device for detecting effect of seepage-proof curtain walls on blocking ion diffusion
CN104359799A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-02-18 同济大学 Indoor test device for detecting effect of blocking ion diffusion by active seepage-proof barriers
CN106918536A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-07-04 同济大学 The measure device and method of the vertical effective diffusion cofficient of solute in a kind of saturation soil layer
CN108387485A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-08-10 安徽理工大学 Solute molecule diffusion coefficients experimental provision based on layering porous media
CN108387485B (en) * 2018-03-29 2023-09-22 安徽理工大学 Experimental device for determining diffusion coefficient of solute molecules based on layered porous medium
CN108344668A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-07-31 浙江大学 Experimental provision for testing unsaturation dielectric gas diffusion coefficient and infiltration coefficient
CN111157702A (en) * 2020-01-03 2020-05-15 中南大学 Heavy metal pollutant migration process and multistage resistance control model test device and method
CN111157702B (en) * 2020-01-03 2021-02-26 中南大学 Heavy metal pollutant migration process and multistage resistance control model test device and method
CN111289419A (en) * 2020-03-24 2020-06-16 中南大学 Measuring device for engineering barrier membrane effect in heavy metal pollution site
CN111289419B (en) * 2020-03-24 2021-03-02 中南大学 Measuring device for engineering barrier membrane effect in heavy metal pollution site
CN111552916A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-08-18 东南大学 Method for calculating apparent diffusion parameters based on iterative analysis method in diffusion test

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