CN1563003A - Suitable industrialized method of preparing Lamivudine - Google Patents
Suitable industrialized method of preparing Lamivudine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1563003A CN1563003A CN 200410023744 CN200410023744A CN1563003A CN 1563003 A CN1563003 A CN 1563003A CN 200410023744 CN200410023744 CN 200410023744 CN 200410023744 A CN200410023744 A CN 200410023744A CN 1563003 A CN1563003 A CN 1563003A
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- Prior art keywords
- oxathiolane
- menthyl ester
- carboxylic acid
- acid
- hydroxyl
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- JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-NKWVEPMBSA-N lamivudine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)SC1 JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229960001627 lamivudine Drugs 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 menthol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CSRZQMIRAZTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl iodide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)I CSRZQMIRAZTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003328 benzoyl peroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LOWHAEXKCMFUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxy-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC1CSC(C(O)=O)O1 LOWHAEXKCMFUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SFLGIMGLWCVAHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-oxathiole Chemical compound C1OSC=C1 SFLGIMGLWCVAHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PFTIVKCRALCOLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH4].[N] Chemical compound [SiH4].[N] PFTIVKCRALCOLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N (-)-Menthol Natural products CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001755 (-)-menthol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000534944 Thia Species 0.000 description 1
- ILYXXUBAZBRPLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-]C([S+]1OCCC1)=O Chemical compound [O-]C([S+]1OCCC1)=O ILYXXUBAZBRPLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004873 levomenthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940127073 nucleoside analogue Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNESLHFFAVMPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonate;trimethylazanium Chemical compound C[NH+](C)C.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MNESLHFFAVMPAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
This invention prepn. method consists procedures (as shown in route chart) of: (1). hydrated glyoxalic acid is reacted with menthol in solvent and catalyst to product stable intermediate glyoxalic (1, R, 2.5, 5, R) menthol (V); then being reacted with 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiothiane to produce product and then proceeding crystallation to obtain menthol ester (IV); (2). proceeding acidylation by using hydroxy to obtain menthol ester (III); (3) being condensed by cytosine under protection of silanized reagent, to obtain menthol ester (II); (4) obove-said product is reduced by reducing agent to obain final invented product Lamifudin (I). This invention has advantages of: available raw material, high yield, high safety, and commercialization prodn.
Description
(1) technical field under
The invention belongs to the preparation method of lamivudine.
Lamivudine (Lamivudine) is a ribodesose cytosine nucleoside analogs, and its chemical name is: 2R-methylol-5S-cytosine(Cyt)-1,3-oxathiolane.Has good anti-HBV effect.
(2) background technology
Chinese patent 92103921.2 discloses and has been entitled as " method of cis-selectivity synthetic nucleosides ", has introduced the fractionation to oxygen thia ring intermediate.Splitting principle is (-)-menthol and 2-carboxyl-5-acetoxyl group-1, and the 3-oxathiolane becomes ester, is separated into single diastereomer through cryogenic freezing.Then with Iodotrimethylsilane as Lewis acid, connect cytosine(Cyt) through the carbon-nitrogen bond coupling, and utilize the reductive agent lithium aluminium hydride reduction to get the end product lamivudine to obtain the lamivudine specific rotation and be [α]
D 22-135 ° (c1.01, MeOH) this method overall yield is not high, and used industrial chemicals is more expensive.
Chinese patent 91102778.5. discloses and has been entitled as " 1, the preparation method of 3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues ", has related to achiral 2-methylol-5-cytosine(Cyt)-1, and the 3-oxathiolane is by the fractionation of chirality HPLC and biological enzyme.Obtained lamivudine specific rotation [α]
D 21-132 ° (c1.08, MeOH).Wherein the HPLC method can only split the sample of trace, and that the biological enzymolysis rule has an experiment is loaded down with trivial details, consuming time many, and price is more expensive, is difficult for shortcomings such as recovery.
Chinese patent CN01110302.7 discloses the preparation method who is entitled as lamivudine and has introduced by achiral 2-methylol-5-cytosine(Cyt)-1, the 3-oxathiolane is finished the fractionation of lamivudine through four steps, this method does not relate to raw material 2-methylol-5-cytosine(Cyt)-1, must separate with post in the synthetic and process of 3-oxathiolane, be not suitable for fairly large production.
Haolun Jin etc. are at J.Org.Chem, and 1995,60 (8): introduced among the 2621-2623 with glyoxylic acid, 2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-two sulphur thiophene alkane are starting raw material, through three steps synthetic important intermediate anti--5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester, but total recovery is low only to be 30%, and they have also used trifluoromethane sulfonic acid trimethylammonium tertiary butyl estersil as silylating reagent simultaneously, cost an arm and a leg, very responsive, be difficult for reaction.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to remedy the deficiencies in the prior art, and the lamivudine that provide that a kind of raw material is cheap, total recovery is high, is easy to scale operation is fit to industrialized preparation method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of lamivudine is fit to industrialized preparation method, comprises the steps (synthetic route chart):
(1) in the presence of solvent and catalyzer, generates stable intermediate oxoethanoic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester (V) with glyoxylic acid, menthol; This intermediate and 2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-two sulphur thiophene alkane synthesize 5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-and menthyl ester, crystallization obtains instead-5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (IV);
(2) anti--5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (IV) obtains 5R-acetate Oxy-1 through the acylation reaction of hydroxyl, 3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (III);
(3) 5R-acetate Oxy-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S; 5`R)-menthyl ester (III) so under silylating reagent protection with cytosine(Cyt) condensation, refining pure 5S-cytosine(Cyt) base-1`-1, the 3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R of obtaining; 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester (II):
(4) 5S-cytosine(Cyt) base-1`-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(5`R) menthyl ester (II) obtains lamivudine (I) through the reductive agent reduction for 1`R, 2`S.
A kind of implementation of the present invention is: in described step (1), glyoxylic acid, menthol generate stable intermediate oxoethanoic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester (V) in the presence of solvent and catalyzer.
Another kind of implementation of the present invention is: in described step (1), with glyoxylic acid, menthol, 2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-two sulphur thiophene alkane, at the synthetic 5-hydroxyl-1 of next pot of catalyst, 3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester, crystallization obtains instead-5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (IV).
The present invention is in described step (3), 5R acetoxyl group-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (III), the silylating reagent preferred hexamethyl nitrogen silane used with the cytosine(Cyt) condensation, and Iodotrimethylsilane is as lewis acid catalyst, the used silylating reagent of the present invention reduces cost greatly.
The present invention in described step (4), the preferred red aluminium of used reductive agent, molecular formula is NaAlH2 (O-CH2 CH2-O-CH3) 2, it has high reducing power, its advantage is its non-incendivity, is easy to dispose, in permanent the storage and to keeping stable until 170 ℃ of temperature.Production safety.
Therefore, raw material required for the present invention is easy to get, and the yield height has the advantage that cost is low, safe, be easy to scale operation.
(4), description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing is a synthetic route chart of the present invention.
(5), embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) oxoethanoic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-preparation of menthyl ester (V)
In being furnished with three mouthfuls of round-bottomed flasks of water trap, room temperature drops into the solid oxoethanoic acid of 0.11mol, adds methyl ether 120ml, menthol 0.1mol, tosic acid 1.5g, the heated and stirred solid dissolves fully, reflux 7-8 hour, reaction solution is chilled to room temperature, filter, organic phase is collected in water 50ml*3 washing, spends the night with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, filter, low pressure is removed and is desolvated, with the last solid of a small amount of petroleum ether dissolution, freezing, obtain white solid 22.4g, melting range: 77-82 ℃ of yield: 90%.
(2) anti--5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2 carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-preparation of menthyl ester (IV)
In having three mouthfuls of round-bottomed flasks of water trap, drop into 0.1mol oxoethanoic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester, methyl ether 120ml, 2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-two sulphur thiophene alkane 0.05mol, heated and stirred to 40 ℃ is dissolved fully until white solid, reflux 5-6 hour, reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, filter, low pressure is removed and desolvated, and is with the last white solid of a small amount of petroleum ether dissolution, freezing, obtain white solid yield 45% frowzy, melting range: 110-112 ℃.
(3) 5R-acetoxyl group-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-preparation of menthyl ester (III)
In three mouthfuls of round-bottomed flasks, drop into anti--5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester 20.0g (74mmol), methylene dichloride 150ml, pyridine 17ml, DMAP 1.0g (8mmol) stir under the agitation condition, ice-water bath is cooled to below 10 ℃, drip aceticanhydride 10ml, dropwise, reaction solution continues to react 4 hours under 20 ℃ of conditions, reactant washs with the hydrochloric acid 50ml*3 of 8%-12%, organic phase is spent the night with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, and low pressure is removed and desolvated, and dissolves white residuum with minimum anhydrous diethyl ether, add 5-8 sherwood oil doubly, freezing 5-8 hour, obtain white needle-like crystals 9.3g, yield is greater than 40%, melting range: 104-105 ℃, [α]
20=-60.4 ° of (c0.51, CHCl
3)
(4) 5S-cytosine(Cyt) base-1`-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R) preparation of menthyl ester (II)
Under the room temperature nitrogen protection; in reaction flask, add hexamethyl nitrogen silane 25.5g (158mmol); cytosine(Cyt) 1.68g (15.1mmol); ammonium sulfate 0.6g (4.5mmol); heated and stirred; until backflow; keep refluxing 2.5 hours; be cooled to room temperature; there is solid to separate out; low pressure is removed unnecessary hexamethyl nitrogen silane, under the nitrogen protection, adds the 40ml methylene dichloride; obtain colourless solution; under the ice-water bath condition, stir cooling below 5 ℃, be added dropwise to 5R-acetoxyl group-1; 3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R; 2`S, 5`R) the 10ml dichloromethane solution of menthyl ester 4.0g (14.7mmol) dropwises; use the 4ml washed with dichloromethane; be added dropwise to reaction flask, drip 5ml dichloromethane solution subsequently, dropwise as Iodotrimethylsilane 3.4g (17mmol); after stirring 30min; the room temperature lucifuge stirred 12 hours, and reaction solution is golden yellow, added the dilution of 250ml methylene dichloride; wash with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution 100ml*5; organic phase is colourless, saturated aqueous common salt 150ml*3 washing, water 150ml*3 washing; collect organic phase; low pressure is removed and is desolvated, and the 100ml ether is added remaining oily matter, behind the stirring 10min; add saturated sodium bicarbonate solution 50ml vigorous stirring 30min; obtain white solid,, filter and obtain white solid with normal hexane 40ml dilution washing.Melting range: 218-219 ℃, [α]
20=-144 ° of (c1.02 CDCl
3)
(5) 2R-methylol-5S-cytosine(Cyt)-1,3-oxathiolane (I)
Drop into exsiccant tetrahydrofuran (THF) 150ml in the reaction flask, RED-Al solution 0.06mol (pressing RED-Al calculates), room temperature; 30min is stirred in nitrogen protection down, slow Dropwise 5 S-cytosine(Cyt) base-1`-1,3; oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R; 2`S, 5`R) the 58ml tetrahydrofuran solution of menthyl ester 0.01mol is after dropwising; stirring at room 30min; carefully be added dropwise to the 150ml anhydrous methanol under the agitation condition, dropwise the back and add silica gel 50g stirring 30min, diatomite filtration.Low pressure is removed and is desolvated, and resistates is crossed silicagel column and separated, and after component before collecting, low pressure were removed and desolvated, alcohol, re-crystallizing in ethyl acetate obtained white solid.Yield: 75%, [α]
20=-135 ° (c1.01 methyl alcohol)
Embodiment 2
Instead-and 5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-preparation of menthyl ester (IV)
In being furnished with three mouthfuls of round-bottomed flasks of water trap, room temperature drops into the solid oxoethanoic acid of 0.11mol, adds methyl ether 120ml, menthol 0.1mol, tosic acid 1.5g, the heated and stirred solid dissolves fully, reflux 7-8 hour, reaction solution is chilled to room temperature, filter, organic phase is collected in water 50ml*3 washing, moves in the three Kou Yuan Burr flasks, add 5-dihydroxyl-1,4-two sulphur thiophene alkane 0.05mol, heated and stirred to 40 ℃ is dissolved fully until white solid, reflux 5-6 hour, reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, filters, low pressure is removed and is desolvated, with the last white solid of a small amount of petroleum ether dissolution, freezing, obtain white solid yield 45% frowzy, melting range: 110-112 ℃.
Claims (5)
1. a lamivudine is fit to industrialized preparation method, comprises the steps:
(1) in the presence of solvent and catalyzer, generates stable intermediate oxoethanoic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester (V) with glyoxylic acid, menthol; This intermediate and 2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-two sulphur thiophene alkane synthesize 5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-and menthyl ester, crystallization obtains instead-5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (IV);
(2) anti--5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (IV) obtains 5R-acetate Oxy-1 through the acylation reaction of hydroxyl, 3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (III);
(3) 5R-acetate Oxy-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (III) so under silylating reagent protection with cytosine(Cyt) condensation, refining pure 5S-cytosine(Cyt) base-1`-1, the 3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R of obtaining, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester (II);
(4) 5S-cytosine(Cyt) base-1`-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S.5`R) menthyl ester (II);
Obtain lamivudine (I) through the reductive agent reduction.
2. lamivudine according to claim 1 is fit to industrialized preparation method, and in described step (1), glyoxylic acid, menthol generate stable intermediate oxoethanoic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R) menthyl ester (V) in the presence of solvent and catalyzer.
3. lamivudine according to claim 1 is fit to industrialized preparation method, in described step (1), with glyoxylic acid, menthol, 2,5-dihydroxyl-1,4-two sulphur thiophene alkane are at the synthetic 5-hydroxyl-1 of next pot of catalyst, 3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-and menthyl ester, crystallization obtains instead-5-hydroxyl-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (IV).
4. be fit to industrialized preparation method according to claim 1,2 or 3 described lamivudines, in described step (3), 5R acetoxyl group-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid-(1`R, 2`S, 5`R)-menthyl ester (III) and the used preferred hexamethyl nitrogen of the silylating reagent silane of cytosine(Cyt) condensation, and Iodotrimethylsilane is as lewis acid catalyst.
5. be fit to industrialized preparation method according to claim 1,2 or 3 described lamivudines, in described step (4), the preferred red aluminium of used reductive agent, molecular formula is NaAlH2 (O-CH2CH2-O-CH3) 2.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100360528C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-01-09 | 四川大学 | Preparation of 4-amino-1-(2-methylol-1,3-oxapentane-5-group)-2(1H)-pyrimidone |
| CN102234269A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-09 | 重庆医药工业研究院有限责任公司 | Industrial preparation method for lamivudine |
| CN102796088A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-11-28 | 湖南千金湘江药业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing lamivudine |
| CN102796089A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-28 | 江苏科本医药化学有限公司 | Preparation method of lamivudine intermediate and lamivudine |
| CN103864835A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽贝克联合制药有限公司 | Preparation method for improving stereoselectivity of lamivudine intermediate |
| CN109311862A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-02-05 | 纳尔逊曼德拉城市大学 | The manufacturing method of Lamivudine and emtricitabine |
| CN110437216A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-12 | 武汉工程大学 | A kind of synthetic method of Lamivudine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100360528C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-01-09 | 四川大学 | Preparation of 4-amino-1-(2-methylol-1,3-oxapentane-5-group)-2(1H)-pyrimidone |
| CN102234269A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-09 | 重庆医药工业研究院有限责任公司 | Industrial preparation method for lamivudine |
| CN102234269B (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2015-09-16 | 重庆医药工业研究院有限责任公司 | The industrialized process for preparing of lamivudine |
| CN102796088A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-11-28 | 湖南千金湘江药业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing lamivudine |
| CN102796089A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-11-28 | 江苏科本医药化学有限公司 | Preparation method of lamivudine intermediate and lamivudine |
| CN102796089B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2015-06-17 | 江苏科本医药化学有限公司 | Preparation method of lamivudine intermediate and lamivudine |
| CN103864835A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽贝克联合制药有限公司 | Preparation method for improving stereoselectivity of lamivudine intermediate |
| CN109311862A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-02-05 | 纳尔逊曼德拉城市大学 | The manufacturing method of Lamivudine and emtricitabine |
| CN111253215A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 上海科胜药物研发有限公司 | L-menthol recovery process method |
| CN111253215B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-04-11 | 上海科胜药物研发有限公司 | L-menthol recovery process method |
| CN110437216A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-12 | 武汉工程大学 | A kind of synthetic method of Lamivudine |
| CN110437216B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2023-04-11 | 武汉工程大学 | Synthetic method of lamivudine |
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