CN1559920A - Desalination of sea water and removing dissolved material after concentration and precipitation therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to desalination of sea water and elimination of solutes in it after concentration and deposition, and the device desalts the sea water by physical and mechanical method and uses the principle that with the decrease of pressure intensity, the boiling point of a liquid decreases in physics. It simultaneously uses the refrigerating end and the heating end in an air-conditioning system, where the refrigerating end heats the sea water and the heating end liquefies the water steam to obtain freshwater, and the decrease of pressure intensity, fast transfer of water steam, and the formation of a refrigerating end and a heating end in the refrigerating system are all implemented by a compressor, and by the working of the compressor, it finally implements the separation of solutes in the sea water from the water, obtaining freshwater and solutes, respectively, thus making complete and synthetic use of the sea water to extract edible and chemical salts as well as other rare substances, thus relieving the crisis of freshwater.

Description

Sea water desaltination and the wherein removing behind the solute concentrating and precipitating

Present patent application is the patent application about " sea water desaltination and the wherein removing behind the solute concentrating and precipitating ".

The present invention relates to the aspect such as freeze, heat in pressure in the physics and the air-conditioning system, make solute and water sepn in the seawater with the method for physics.The present invention utilizes pressure in the physics reduces, boiling point of liquid also reduces principle and to refrigeration in the air-conditioning system, utilize when heating.Heating the end temperature is that the temperature that condenser temperature answers ratio piston compressor to reduce the boiling point of water in the water vapor case in the water vapor case wants high.This temperature head is big more, then the speed of water vapor is fast more, the general temperature difference is at 10 ℃---between 25 ℃, after the seawater boiling, water vapor is under compressor compresses, and entering refrigeration end (being the water vapor liquefied tank) is liquefied as water at a high speed, and refrigeration agent is after this absorbs water vapor heat energy, under another compressor operating, enter once more in the condenser, realize circulation next time.In fact the work of native system is that refrigeration agent is drawn earlier heat energy in the water vapor liquefied tank and entered and remove to add hot sea water in the condenser in vaporizer, for ease of saying something its inversion is come, this heat energy is after this equipment steady running, total amount changes little, because the heat that equipment itself does work and to be distributed, so fresh water slightly raises than the temperature of seawater.In order to make seawater the condenser heat be taken away efficiently (temperature that promptly at utmost reduces refrigeration agent) and to remove solute in the seawater in the deposition of condenser surface, improve the flow velocity of seawater with intake pump, allow the kinetic energy of water take away the throw out and the heat energy of condenser surface.Certain in order to ensure water level in the flow velocity of seawater and the water vapor case, so water pump is installed in water vapor case seawater water-in inboard.The several spouts of the total rising pipe of water pump are with respect to arrangement, the quantity of prolong, must be quite accurate with the installation of condenser, and promptly the water that pumps of water pump is farthest washed away condenser wall.As long as the power that water pump consumed makes the kinetic energy of water can take away throw out fully.After the steady running, power is constant basically.Simultaneously water is under the effect of surging force, quicker boiling.The removing of solute in the water, because the bottom of water vapor case is the square funnel-form, its seat stands on the screw thread extrusion machine organic block, and the rotation of screw thread extrusion machine will make throw out get rid of, the slight infiltration in this place helps solute to get rid of, and is the square bodily form above the square funnel.Again is hemispherical dome structure, and hemispherical dome structure is square limit down, so that install.Here leave steam outlet, the seawater inlet.The import and export of refrigeration agent, and the door of condenser is installed in maintenance.Water liquefied tank structure is perpendicular rectangular parallelepiped.After solute is got rid of with the part seawater in the seawater, since dense, other related products can be refined.

The at present existing correlation technique of this cover treatment facility system comprehensive, mainly use refrigeration in the air-conditioning system, heat and physics in pressure reduce the physical principle that the boiling point of water also reduces.Reduce vapour pressure in the cooling tank that the water vapor case is a condenser with axial-flow type or radial compressor (plural serial stage), make the water boiling, refrigeration system is also worked together on the other hand, and refrigeration agent is to make water vapor be liquefied as water behind the absorption heat energy the vaporizer case from the water vapor liquefied tank; Refrigeration agent after the heat absorption enters under the compression of compressor and removes to add hot sea water in the condenser once more.To keep the required heat energy of seawater boiling, as long as native system is produced, is made and install by standard, each junction is tightly rigorous, the common co-ordination of each power machine, just can continuously provide fresh water, get rid of down for the effect that concentrates, is deposited in the screw thread extrusion machine of solute in the seawater.

At present, desalination technology in the world is also not overripened, and facility investment is big, and the construction period is long, and floor space is big, and desalination, processing cost are high, and multiple factors such as degree complexity are so limited the popularization and the utilization of sea water desaltination.The fresh water cost that distillation method makes is too high, and is uneconomical economically; The fresh water that the electrolysis method is produced, but be difficult to remove uncharged material, the quality of water does not reach assurance; Though the fresh water cost that reverse osmosis method makes is low, initial capitalization is big and efficient is low, can not recycle the dissolved substance in the seawater again, causes the waste of resource.This sea water desalinating plant only utilizes that refrigeration agent can finish sea water desaltination purification all processes, and running cost is cheap by the specific flow direction in several power machines and the refrigeration system, both can obtain fresh water, can obtain dissolved salts and other multiple element again.Handle for part of contaminated water, both can obtain clean water, can obtain organic fertilizer and other materials again.In short: the large-scale promotion application of this complete equipment, will be thoroughly solve and be stranded the fresh water crises problem of scratching human development, provide continuously fresh water to human society, advance the process that civilises of human society greatly.

The principle of work of this cover sea water desaltination and working process, the existing narration in front elaborates below, and it is different from sea water desalinating plant before.Start refrigeration compressor, water vapor compression machine, seawater squirt pump, the screw thread extrusion machine.The operation of refrigeration compressor makes refrigerant vapour be compressed into high temperature (higher 10 ℃ than seawater boiling temperature---25 ℃) high compressed steam and enters in the condenser in the water vapor case and remove to add hot sea water, to replenish the required heat energy of seawater vaporization; Itself is cooled into saturated liquid refrigeration agent, and in the end one section, through water-in, flow to liquid storing pool after being further cooled, after adjusting flow, throttling valve flows to again in the vaporizer in the water vapor liquefied tank; The work of water vapor compression machine makes that pressure drops to design load rapidly in the water vapor case, and the water vapor after the violent boiling of seawater is sent in the diffusion chamber after being sucked by compressor, sprays to vaporizer from each spout of water vapor house steward; Flowing to refrigeration agent in the vaporizer becomes heat steam and goes down to participate in circulation next time in the compression of refrigeration compressor after this absorbs the heat energy of water vapor, and water vapor is because be liquefied as water after losing heat energy, through ultraviolet C, gac sterilization, sterilization, be sent to the central water supply pond after the filtration.Along with boiling, the water vapor of seawater are constantly seen off, the water level in the water vapor case will descend, and the deposition that salt will be on condenser wall will influence heat transfer.So the seawater squirt pump ceaselessly pumps into seawater, washing away to stop the deposition of salt in condenser wall of seawater brute force simultaneously is discharged from after making it be deposited to bottom.Because be dissolved with certain air in the seawater, at this moment air cannot liquefy again, is dissolved in the fresh water limited again at last once more; Along with the increasing of air quantity, pressure increase, will influence entering of water vapor, thus when air pressure is suitable, the air trap valve open, the discharge section air, after the pressure reduction, valve closes.

The structure of above sea water desalting equipment is formed and job description, as long as by design requirements is carried out standardized production, manufacturing and installation, just can finish the desalination of whole seawater.

Claims (1)

1. The inventive method is similar to distillation method, but is different from distillation method, does not have combustion equipment such as boiler.It has following feature: utilizes a few cover power-equipments, and reduces the physical principle that boiling point of liquid also reduces according to pressure, and to refrigeration, utilization when heating in the air-conditioning system.Refrigeration agent should select for use vaporization heat big, and bio-toxicity is little, and reducing condenser box with axial-flow type or radial compressor is vapour pressure in the water vapor case.Make seawater acutely seethe with excitement, water vapor is sent in the water vapor liquefied tank simultaneously, in the vaporizer of refrigeration agent in the laggard entry liquefied tank of throttling valve adjustment flow, become saturated vapo(u)r---the superheated vapo(u)r under certain pressure and the temperature behind the heat energy of absorption water vapor, water vapor is liquefied as water after losing heat energy, refrigerant vapour is under the compressor effect, the steam that becomes High Temperature High Pressure enters in the condenser of water vapor case, itself is condensed into liquid---supercooled liquid, the heat energy that distributes adds hot sea water, with the required heat energy of make up water vaporization, the seawater of another special-purpose intake pump ejection must be accurately, be sprayed on the condenser wall equably, the size of jet power is as the criterion in the deposition of condenser surface to stop throw out, the jet power that makes progress simultaneously also more helps the liquefaction of refrigerant vapour and the quick boiling of seawater, the solute concentrating and precipitating is discharged under the effect of screw thread extrusion machine after arriving to a certain degree, and ejecta is the seawater dissolving mixt of high density.This mixture can extract relevant product.

   In addition, the water vapor upper box part is a hemispherical dome structure in this equipment, and the semisphere bottom is a square, leaves steam outlet herein; The centre is a cube structure, be connected with nut with hemispherical dome structure above, help the arrangement of installing and enlarging water vapor area and prolong with semiglobe because of the square shape, and also help seawater and impact throw out, there is sea intake at this place, refrigeration agent import and export etc., this locates a series of prolongs is transversely arranged, every is arranged as serpentine configuration, and the number of plies is that layer 2-3 is advisable, and promptly every prolong bends 1-2 time; Below the prolong row's seawater jet pipe and a spout.The seawater topping-up pump is attached thereto and connects, and the seawater topping-up pump is installed in water vapor case water-in inboard; Because the prolong here is high loss parts, carry out protection against corrosion, erosion-resistingly should regularly replace simultaneously, part should not be welded so every prolong is connected with house steward, should be connected with nut, and it is high that stock trick art requirement of strength is wanted; The bottom is the square funnel-form, and size height is not sucked by intake pump and is advisable to store an amount of throw out and throw out, and the bottom is equipped with the antiseepage dividing plate for maintenance usefulness, and the screw thread extrusion machine, more than each position be linked to be whole back seat and stand on the pedestal; About the water vapor liquefied tank, can adopt hard rectangular structure, the appropriate location open top of leaning on water vapor import opposite is to install air trap, be used for getting rid of dissolved air in the seawater, 4 openings are arranged on the liquefied tank water surface, be from top to bottom, water vapor import, refrigerant outlet, refrigerant inlet, the opposite is under the water surface or put down in the water surface one opening is arranged, be water outlet, behind ultraviolet C, gac sterilization and disinfection filtration deodorization, concentrate on water reservoir, the generating tube of refrigeration agent is arranged to install and is same as prolong in the water vapor liquefied tank, and the number of plies is suitable.Vaporizer must be higher than the fresh water water surface all the time, to help that water vapor is liquefied as water as early as possible is basic point, for the water vapor that further liquefies efficiently, apace, on the vaporizer serpentine tube, set up the copper wire line and perpendicular to the water surface, density flows away fast along copper wire after being liquefied as water with water vapor, be independent of each other, be promptly that strip flows down rather than the cloth shape flows down, do like this in order that quick distribution, the transfer of heat energy.

   Become the speed of fresh water to depend on three factors for sea water desaltination: the first, the temperature head of refrigeration system condensation end temperature and seawater boiling temperature.Temperature head is big more, and then sea water desaltination is fast more; The second, the rotating speed of water vapor compression machine.Rotating speed is fast more, and it is fast more then to desalinate speed; The 3rd, water vapor circulation duct size.Diameter is big more, and then desalination is fast more.Certainly take all factors into consideration above 3 points in actual applications, select only data, be i.e. the Zui Jia unit fresh water amount and the temperature difference, rotating speed, diameter ratio.

   For the heat energy loop jump between seawater, water vapor, fresh water, then rely on circulation heat absorption, heat release to realize fully as refrigeration agent in the air-conditioning system; Technical requirements height, of a tightly knit structure, tight herein.Because this device is a cover system in neat formation.Its work simultaneously is fully according to the design requirements operation, and the intermediary load does not have big variation, i.e. the interior interior energy of emitting can approximate water vapor liquefaction time that absorbs during water vapor, and the compression work that compressor is produced is equal to and can ignores.I.e. vaporization and liquefaction to water in the native system does not have big influence.

   It more than is invention detailed construction about " sea water desaltination and the wherein removing behind the solute concentrating and precipitating ".