CN1558615A - A physical network topological discovering system and method thereof - Google Patents
A physical network topological discovering system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a physical network topology finding system for computer network topology and general purpose MIB information and method thereof, which comprises, determining the IP address range of the administration domain, determining the active IP address aggregation in the network address range, determining subnet quantity, corresponding subnet number and subnet mask, mapping the IP address aggregation, obtaining the discovered address transferring table information belonging to the switchboard of the subnet, obtaining the connection between the ports of the switchboards. determining the connection between the host computer and the port of the switchboard. The system comprises: a determining device for the apparatus, an information gathering device, an information processing device, a topology display device. The invention is utilized to a variety of IP network( such as IPV4, IPV6, and IP telecommunication network).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer network topologies and find and general MIB (management information bank) library information that particularly a kind of physical network topology discovery system and method thereof are based on the physical topology discovering of this type of information and general Topology Discovery technology.
Background technology
Switch has become the key equipment of modern computer network.For the network manager, the topology information that can obtain network at any time is extremely important.It can help to judge link break-make, carry out the false correlations analysis, and server is placed in only position.
Traditional Topology Discovery technology is only carried out three layers logical network connection discovery, promptly finds being connected of router and subnet, and this technology obviously is not suitable for the environment of switch.Because deposited the information of adjacent entities (referring to router) with the routing table of router different, the general address of switch is transmitted and can not clearly be provided the adjacent entities information of (referring to switch).Certainly, some manufacturer provides the discovery of certain protocol support equipment, as the cdp protocol of CISCO.But usually the equipment in the local area network (LAN) under the environment of this heterogeneous network, needs the Topology Discovery that new algorithm is supported heterogeneous network not from same producer, these algorithms based on the information basis must be the common standard that all manufacturers all support.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of physical network topology discovery, be can be on the limited information basis that heterogeneous network environment provides, find two layer physical network topological structures exactly, comprise that being connected of being connected of being connected of switch ports themselves and switch ports themselves, switch and main frame, switch and HUB, main frame are connected with HUB's.Simultaneously can be in the environment of VLAN this algorithm application.
Double layer network topology (in this document, the double layer network topology is equal to physical network topology, and the two can exchange) discover method based on general MIB library information.The present invention is by the algorithm of design voluntarily, by the topological structure that equipment is determined, double layer network is found in information gathering, information calculations three phases.Characteristics of the present invention are, with the ICMP message count of required transmission before the general algorithm collection network information from O (n
2) be reduced to O (n), reduced the occupancy volume of the network bandwidth and improved the speed of system's operation; The present invention can find simultaneously in the network for the transparent HUB equipment of switch, thereby provides definite physical connection and NOT logic connects.This invention can be applied in all kinds of IP networks (IPV4, IPV6, IP Telecommunication Network etc.) and realize, both has been applicable to the environment that does not have VLAN, also is applicable to dispose VLAN and each VLAN corresponding to an environment that generates tree etc.
Two layer physical network topology discovery methods based on the mib information of general RFC definition, comprise that device discovery, information gathering and topology calculating three phases achieve the goal, the algorithm that we proposed is based on the mib information of general RFC definition, be applicable to heterogeneous network, can provide switch ports themselves and switch ports themselves in the double layer network by calculating, switch ports themselves and HUB, switch ports themselves and main frame, the annexation of main frame and HUB;
The algorithm that we propose, the Information Monitoring preprocessing process before the algorithm operation, the ICMP amount of information that is sent is O (n), algorithm institute based on theoretical foundation be about uplink port and downlink port division.
At first introduce the algorithm that we proposed based on the discovery of two etale topologies
1 definition
Transmit: switch S
iThe source MAC that receives of this port of in exchange process, storing of port j
Address set is designated as F (S
i, j);
Transmit complete: switch S
iPort j transmit complete finger F (S
i, j) comprised all
The set of the device mac address that this port can be seen;
Leaf switch: transmitting under the complete situation, if certain switch exists and only has one
Port, it transmits the MAC Address that comprises other switch;
The sign node: when the main frame of algorithm operation is the member who waits to find in the subnet, then this main frame is called
The sign node; Otherwise the router that connects this subnet is called the sign node;
The end of blade mouth of switch: if switch S
iPort j transmits F (S
i, j) in complete feelings
The MAC Address that does not comprise other any switch or sign node under the condition, then
The end of blade mouth that is called this switch;
Uplink port: the port of transmitting middle appearance sign node M AC address of port correspondence;
Downlink port: the port that occurs sign node M AC address in the transmitting of port correspondence;
2 theorems
If switch S
iWith S
kSatisfy:
(n=1,2 ...., N, N are switch S
kPort count, and n is not equal to the numbering of uplink port set middle port), S then
iPort j and S
kUplink port 1 directly link to each other.For example, the uplink port of S3 is 1 among Fig. 2, and downlink port is 2,3, and { therefore S3} judges that S2 port 2 links to each other with S3 uplink port 1 to satisfy F (S2,2)=F (S3,2) ∪ F (S3,3) ∪.
The algorithm 1 that we propose, the Theoretical Calculation of algorithm is according to being: the downlink port of switch A and the direct-connected condition of the uplink port of switch b be the downlink port of switch A transmit union that the non-uplink port that just in time equals switch b transmits again and on B itself.3 algorithms-1 (be applicable to that switch directly links to each other with switch rather than link to each other) by HUB
1) all switches in the PING subnet
Fig. 3 has provided the direction of PING message flow;
2) read the addresses forwarding table of every switch successively;
3) uplink port of every switch of structure and downlink port set from each switch address is transmitted put into formation to be detected with all telephone net nodes in the subnet simultaneously;
4) the leaf telephone net node is pressed into successively formation to be generated (this formation is a fifo queue), simultaneously the leaf switch is removed from formation to be detected;
5) from formation to be generated, take out a node, make it become node to be detected;
6) in the downlink port set of other node, inquire about whether comprise node M AC to be detected address in the addresses forwarding table of each port, if occur but in the table node number greater than 1, then delete this list item, if detection node only occurs, then the port numbers of this pairing port directly is connected with the uplink port of node to be detected, simultaneously this port is removed from the downlink port set of present node;
7) the intact node of every traversal if the set of the downlink port of this node then is pressed into this telephone net node in the node formation to be generated for empty, is removed from formation to be monitored simultaneously;
8) if formation to be generated is not empty, repeat 6 to 8.The algorithm 2 that we provide can find between a plurality of switches to it is characterized in that situation about linking to each other by HUB, and the downlink port of certain switch is transmitted union that the non-uplink port that equals several switches transmits again and go up these switches itself.4 algorithms-2 (for the improvement of algorithm-1, can be applicable to situation about linking to each other by HUB between switch and the switch, the situation of cloning algorithm 1, but complexity is big slightly)
1) finds out all switch set;
2) all switches of PING;
3) obtain transmitting of all switches, and judge uplink port and downlink port;
4) all leaf telephone net nodes are pressed into formation to be generated, all non-leaf switches are pressed into formation to be detected;
5) detection node in the taking-up formation to be detected detects its downlink port one by one
CASE1: if certain downlink port only comprise one in the formation to be generated node and do not comprise node in the formation to be detected, then this downlink port is directly linked to each other with the uplink port of this node in the generation formation, and this downlink port removed from transmit, if this node has not had downlink port after removing, then this node is pressed into formation to be generated; Correspondence be attached thereto the generation formation in node remove;
CASE2: if its downlink port comprises the node in several formations to be generated, and do not comprise node in the formation to be detected, then be connected by HUB between the uplink port of this downlink port and these several formations to be generated, simultaneously, with the removal from transmit of this downlink port, if remove the back without any other downlink port, then this node be pressed into formation to be generated; Node in the generation formation that correspondence is attached thereto removes;
CASE3:, then detect next downlink port if its downlink port includes the node of non-formation to be generated;
6) detected all downlink ports after, if still there is downlink port in this node, then this node is pressed into again the formation afterbody of node to be detected;
7) repeat 5,6 liang of steps, be empty (expression is finished) up to node queue to be detected,
Figure 4 shows that a subnet environment that comprises HUB, it is as follows to use this algorithm to carry out the Topology Discovery process:
Each downlink port transmit for
F(S1，2)＝{S2，S5，S6}
F(S1，3)＝{S3，S4，S7}
F(S2，2)＝{S5，S6}
F(S3，2)＝{S7}
Remember that formation to be generated is Q, formation to be detected is T, when then initial
Q＝{S5，S6，S7，S4}
T＝{S1，S2，S3}
The first step is taken out S1, detects F (S1,2), and F (S1,3) is CASE3, then S1 is pressed into the T tail of the queue, at this moment
Q＝{S5，S6，S7，S4}
T＝{S2，S3，S1}
Second step, take out S2, detect F (S2,2), be CASE2, so at S2 port 2, add a HUB between S5 port one and the S6 port one, from Q, remove S5, S6, delete the downlink port of the port 2 of S2 simultaneously and transmit, deletion back S2 has not existed downlink port to transmit, and therefore S2 is pressed into Q, at this moment
Q＝{S7，S4，S2}
T＝{S3，S1}
The 3rd step, take out S3, detect F (S3,2), be CASE1, S3 port 2 is directly linked to each other with the S7 port one, from Q, remove S7 simultaneously, delete the downlink port of S3 port 2 simultaneously and transmit, deletion back S3 has not existed downlink port to transmit, and S3 is pressed into Q, at this moment
Q＝{S4，S2，S3}
T＝{S1}
The 4th step, take out S1, detect F (S1,2), be CASE1, S1 port 2 directly linked to each other with the S2 port one, and S2 is removed that the downlink port of deletion S1 port 2 is transmitted from Q, because S1 also has a downlink port, transmit so continue the next downlink port of detection S1, at this moment
Q＝{S4，S3}
The 5th step, detect F (S1,3), be CASE2, with S1 port 3, the S4 port one, the S3 port one links to each other by HUB, and with S4, S3 removes from Q, and the downlink port of deletion S1 port 3 is transmitted, and deletion back S1 has not existed downlink port to transmit, and S1 is pressed into Q, at this moment
Q＝{S1}
The T=empty set
Algorithm finishes
In order to reach desired purpose, this solution is calculated the purpose that three phases reaches to be needed by device discovery, information gathering and topology on the algorithm basis that is proposed, specifically may further comprise the steps: (as shown in Figure 5)
One determines the IP address range of management domain, can manually be provided by the network manager, perhaps can obtain automatically by the inquiry gateway router, obtains by the ipRouteTable that inquires about gateway router.The port numbers of querying router judges whether to exist the single armed route simultaneously
Two true 0 decide IP address set movable in the resulting network address range of step 1, realize by all IP addresses of ping;
Three determine subnet numbers and corresponding subnet number and subnet mask, and the ipAddrEntry by access router obtains;
Four are mapped to concrete physical equipment with resultant movable IP address set in the step 2, and the instantiation relevant device;
Send SNMP GET message to each movable IP address, if this IP address corresponding device is not realized BRIDGE-MIB, then this IP address corresponding device is a main frame; If this IP address corresponding device realized BRIDGE-MIB, and its ipForwarding is 0, and then this IP address corresponding device is a switch; If this IP address corresponding device realized BRIDGE-MIB, and its ipForwarding is 1, and then this IP address corresponding device is a router; A plurality of IP address may be corresponding to same physical equipment, and can avoid these IP map addresses by the IP address table of checking this equipment be different equipment;
Five for certain subnet, the switch device that belongs to this subnet that is obtained from all step 4 of main frame ping of operation Topology Discovery;
The addresses forwarding table information of the switch of finding in six obtaining steps four that belongs to this subnet;
Seven carry out analytical calculation by given algorithm to the information that is obtained in the step 6, obtain be connected (may exist switch-HUB-switch to connect) between switch ports themselves and the switch ports themselves;
Eight information in transmitting according to switch address are determined being connected of main frame and switch ports themselves, comprise the connection of switch-HUB-main frame;
The invention has the advantages that: the defined mib information of the RFC that utilizes each producer all to support can be applicable to heterogeneous network as the basis of topology discovery algorithm; Abandoned general two etale topologies and found to transmit the requirement of all wanting complete for all, the information that algorithm is gathered can guarantee that algorithm carries out Topology Discovery exactly, has significantly reduced to reaching to transmit the needed PING operand of complete requirement; Can accurately navigate to being connected of port and port, rather than simple equipment is connected with the logic of equipment; Can find for the transparent HUB equipment of switch; Simultaneously, this algorithm also can be applied to dispose VLAN and each VLAN all corresponding to an environment that generates tree;
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is typical subnet environment map.
Fig. 2 is the theorem exemplary plot.
Fig. 3 is the flow graph of ICMP message.
Fig. 4 is a subnet environment that comprises HUB, uses this algorithm to carry out the flow chart of topology.
Fig. 5 is a physical network topology discovery method flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a physical network topology discovery system diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is each term exemplary about a typical subnet environment
Wherein S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 are switch, and M is a management node, i.e. the node of algorithm operation, and M also is the sign node of this subnet simultaneously.Wherein the uplink port of S3 is a port one, and downlink port is port 2 and port 3.S2, S4, S5 are the leaf switch.The port 2 of S4, the port 2 of S2 are respectively the end of blade mouth of switch S4 and switch S2.
M is a management station, also is simultaneously the sign node; S
k(k=1..5) be switch, the numeral port numbers on switch next door, Host represents main frame.
Fig. 2 is an example of theorem
Among the figure, the uplink port of S3 is 1, and downlink port is 2,3, and { therefore S3} judges that S2 port 2 links to each other with S3 uplink port 1 to satisfy F (S2,2)=F (S3,2) ∪ F (S3,3) ∪.
Switch S2, transmitting of S3 is as follows
F(S2，2)＝{S3，S5，S6}
F(S3，2)＝{S5}
F (S3,3)={ S6} satisfies F (S2,2)=F (S3,2) ∪ F (S3,3) ∪, and { therefore S3} judges that S2 port 2 links to each other with S3 uplink port 1.
Fig. 3 is the flow direction of ICMP message
Wherein dotted arrow is ICMP request message stream, and solid arrow is ICMP response message stream
Fig. 4 is an example of algorithm 2 network environments
Management station and sign node M are arranged, switch S among the figure
k(k=1..7) and two HUB that connect switches.
Embodiment
The prerequisite of implementing this scheme has
(1) respective switch all disposes the IP address, all is manageable, and has all realized
The BRIDGE-MIB of RFC1213-MIB and RFC1493 definition;
(2) main frame at operation algorithm place is equipped with SNMP agent
(3) Huo Dong switch and main frame all respond PING message
Can will realize that system divides is four devices:
(1) equipment is determined device;
(2) information collecting device;
(3) information processor;
(4) topology information database;
(5) topological display unit;
Fig. 6 has provided the correlation of five devices.Equipment determines that device has comprised definite management domain IP address range, determines movable IP address set, each physical equipment of collecting device information and instantiation.The mib information of required inquiry comprises ipRouteTable, ipAddrTable, sysDescr, ifTable, ipForwarding, dotldBaseType etc.The final result of this device provides switch set movable in the particular ip address scope, set of routers, main frame set, and the instantiation relevant device.
Information collecting device is by the needed information of snmp message collection algorithm.Before information gathering, at first need all switches in the given subnet are all sent PING message, to fill transmitting of respective switch.The mib information of the required inquiry of information gathering is dotldTpFdbTable.
Information processor comprises Algorithm Analysis computational process and information stores process apparatus.Information process adopts algorithm that we provide by to uplink port, downlink port and the analysis of transmitting thereof, and draws switch ports themselves to the physical connection information between port, switch and HUB and switch and the main frame.The prerequisite of information stores process is to carry out the database interface design, and designed database will make topological display unit can simply and all sidedly obtain topology information.Realized separating of information calculations and demonstration simultaneously by database interface.
The information stores process is responsible for the result of Algorithm Analysis is stored in the database.
The topology information database; Storage topology information data;
The topology display unit comprises obtains the database topology information, carries out topology according to topology information and shows.The topology demonstration can be adopted different display styles according to user's hobby.But no matter adopt which kind of topological display packing, show the calculating always be independent of topology information.
Wherein, equipment determines that device is connected in information collecting device, and information collecting device is connected in information processor, and information processor is connected in the topology information database, the topology information database is connected in topological display unit, and the topological display unit equipment of being connected in is determined device.
Claims (6)
1, based on two layer physical network topology discovery method of the mib information of general RFC definition, comprise that device discovery, information gathering and topology calculating three phases achieve the goal, it is characterized in that, the algorithm that we proposed is based on the mib information of general RFC definition, be applicable to heterogeneous network, can provide switch ports themselves and switch ports themselves in the double layer network, switch ports themselves and HUB by calculating, switch ports themselves and main frame, the annexation of main frame and HUB;
2, physical network topology discovery method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, Information Monitoring preprocessing process before the algorithm operation, the ICMP amount of information that is sent is O (n), algorithm institute based on theoretical foundation be about uplink port and downlink port division.
3, physical network topology discovery method according to claim 1, the algorithm 1 that we propose, it is characterized in that the Theoretical Calculation of algorithm is according to being: the downlink port of switch A and the direct-connected condition of the uplink port of switch b be the downlink port of switch A transmit union that the non-uplink port that just in time equals switch b transmits again and on B itself.
4, physical network topology discovery method according to claim 1, the algorithm 2 that we provide can be found between a plurality of switches by the continuous situation of HUB, it is characterized in that the downlink port of certain switch is transmitted union that the non-uplink port that equals several switches transmits again and go up these switches itself.
5, a kind of method of physical network topology discovery, its concrete steps are as follows:
One determines the IP address range of management domain, can manually provide by the network manager, perhaps can obtain automatically, obtain by the ipRouteTable that inquires about gateway router by the inquiry gateway router, the port numbers of querying router judges whether to exist the single armed route simultaneously;
The IP address set of activity in two determining steps, the one resulting network address range is realized by all IP addresses of ping;
Three determine subnet numbers and corresponding subnet number and subnet mask, and the ipAddrEntry by access router obtains;
Four are mapped to concrete physical equipment with resultant movable IP address set in the step 2, and instantiation relevant device, send SNMP GET message to each movable IP address, if this IP address corresponding device is not realized BRIDGE-MIB, then this IP address corresponding device is a main frame; If this IP address corresponding device realized BRIDGE-MIB, and its ipForwarding is 0, and then this IP address corresponding device is a switch; If this IP address corresponding device realized BRIDGE-MIB, and its ipForwarding is 1, and then this IP address corresponding device is a router;
Five for certain subnet, the switch device that belongs to this subnet that is obtained from all step 4 of main frame ping of operation Topology Discovery;
The addresses forwarding table information of the switch of finding in six obtaining steps four that belongs to this subnet;
Seven carry out analytical calculation by given algorithm to the information that is obtained in the step 6, obtain being connected between switch ports themselves and the switch ports themselves;
Eight information in transmitting according to switch address are determined being connected of main frame and switch ports themselves, comprise the connection of switch-HUB-main frame.
6, a kind of physical network topology system comprises:
(1) equipment is determined device, comprises determining the management domain IP address range, determines movable IP address set, each physical equipment of collecting device information and instantiation;
(2) information collecting device is by the needed information of snmp message collection algorithm;
(3) information processor comprises Algorithm Analysis computational process and information stores process apparatus;
(4) topology information database; Storage topology information data;
(5) topological display unit comprises and obtains the database topology information, carries out topology according to topology information and shows; It is characterized in that, equipment determines that device is connected in information collecting device, and information collecting device is connected in information processor, and information processor is connected in the topology information database, the topology information database is connected in topological display unit, and the topological display unit equipment of being connected in is determined device.
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| CN105589401A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-18 | 阿自倍尔株式会社 | Network Control Method And System |
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| CN107786373A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-03-09 | 广州供电局有限公司 | Generate method, apparatus, storage medium and the computer equipment of topology server relation |
| CN107786373B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2021-08-31 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Method and device for generating server topological relation, storage medium and computer equipment |
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| CN109257225B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2021-08-10 | 北京信研汇智信息技术有限公司 | Method, device, storage medium and processor for generating network topology |
| CN111934921A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-13 | 深信服科技股份有限公司 | Network topology discovery method and device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN111934921B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2023-11-07 | 深信服科技股份有限公司 | Network topology discovery method and device, equipment and storage medium |
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