CN1555008A - Method for producing intelligent virtual display - Google Patents
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Abstract
The method of establishing intelligent virtual display for intelligent virtual control instrument includes the following steps: determining the configuration of intelligent virtual display; determining the makeup of intelligent virtual display; establishing the modules, instrument function library and function library for the intelligent virtual display; and establishing the development system and making the intelligent virtual display in Windows system through constituting the outer appearance of the intelligent virtual display via setting and altering the attribute, selecting the function of the intelligent virtual display and selecting the instrument function of the intelligent virtual display. The present invention has the technological features of several switched display modes, capacity of meeting the requirement of virtual instrument and plug-and-play function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is in test analytical instrument field and visualization in scientific computing field, proposes a kind of brand-new graphic display mode---the intelligent virtual display of good, the powerful and hommization of a kind of versatility.
Background technology
The following document of publication that relates to virtual instrument was arranged before the applying date:
[1]Graphical?method?for?programming?a?virtual?instrument，NI?Co.，United
States?Patent，5301336
[2]Instrumentation?system?&?method?including?an?improved?driver
software?architecture，NI?Co.，United?States?Patent，5963726
[3]System?&?method?for?creating?resources?in?instrumentation?system，NI
Co.，United?States?Patent，5710727
[4]System?&?method?for?performing?interface?independent?virtual
instrumentation，NI?Co.，United?States?Patent，5920479
[5]Functions?in?a?graphical?data?flow?program?method?&?apparatus?for
controlling?an?instrumentation?system，NI?Co.，United?States?Patent，
5724272
Surveying instrument develops so far, and can be divided into three phases substantially: first stage is the conventional hardware instrument, and second stage is the virtual instrument based on software of current trend, and three phases is an intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument.
20th century, the mid-80 at first came across the virtual instrument of the U.S., was the interpenetrative result of technical device and computer technology.Virtual instrument (VI, Virtual Instrument) is by application program the measurement function of computer resource (microprocessor, storer, display) and instrument hardware (A/D, D/A, digital I/O, timer, signal conditioner) to be combined formed measurement mechanism or test macro.The user is by friendly graphical interfaces (being called virtual panel) operational computations machine, just as the operation with traditional instrument; By built-in function realize between instrument module communication, regularly, triggering and data analysis, data representation, and form graphical interface.Its processing power of the computer technology of high speed development has satisfied the required powerful data-handling capacity of instrument, has shown memory function and high resolution graphic presentation.Virtual instrument makes instrument and meter software implementation farthest, thereby makes the development of instrument cost the bullet train of computing machine development.Can think to have caused once leap in the development that appears at instrument and meter of virtual instrument, be the developing important stage of instrument.But fasten in the version of instrument and the function of instrument and the pass of panel control, present virtual instrument and traditional hardware instruments be the difference of essence not.And set up a virtual instrument, the user needs higher professional knowledge and quality: on the one hand, the user will be clear that the principle and the formation of various instruments; On the other hand, the user will have the computer programming experience.This forms bottleneck in the exploitation of virtual instrument, thereby directly has influence on its fast development.
Intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument adopts test to merge principle and technology, test function, performance and the precision index of instrument and the corresponding construction of instrument control are combined together, be formed with the control of intelligent characteristic, form a virtual instrument by these intelligent virtual controls through easy " dragging-put " mode again.Because virtual instrument carry out smart controlization, in the process of making virtual instrument, need not to carry out (hard, soft) assembling, only need that control is made brick pattern in " assembly take " of computer screen and piece together and take.Take in the process in assembly, the location independent that restricting relation and the control to instrumental function that forms between each control put, each control can be put at random, and therefore the function of instrument, performance and precision can not change.Make virtual instrument and set up virtual instrument system and will become efficiently, simply, and realized under the prerequisite of open system leaving the work of the design of instrument and establishment (programming) for expert or manufacturer and the right that will define instrument has been left the user fully for.
Virtual instrument has three big function---data acquisition, signal Processing, results expression, and display is as the carrier of " results expression ", in virtual instrument in occupation of critical positions.Study a kind of intelligent virtual display very important meaning is arranged.
" results expression " comprises analog dial demonstration, charactron demonstration, graphic presentation, sound and communication warning, record and output etc.Both belong to warning and storage category the back, give color or audible alarm to fault-signal, singular signal, and report experimental work personnel are the intelligent performances of virtual instrument; Former three belongs to the category of visualization in scientific computing, especially graphic presentation.In traditional instrument, the storage of mass data is very difficult and expensive, and for the computer based virtual instrument, even if mass memory also is to realize easily.
In the demonstration of virtual instrument, not only need to analyze the computational data that draws by computing machine, and need to understand the situation of change of data in computation process, and these all need be realized by computer graphics and image processing techniques.People are appliance computer graphics and image processing techniques, with the data that produce in the scientific computing process and result of calculation is converted to figure or image shows on screen, and carry out theory, method and the technology of interaction process, being called visualization in scientific computing (Visualizationin scientific Computing), is the new research field that developed country proposed and grows up in the later stage eighties.
Demonstration in the virtual instrument combines figure generation technique, image processing techniques and human-computer interaction technology, and its major function is to produce figure from the multidimensional data of complexity, also can analyze and understands the view data that deposits computing machine in.It relates to a plurality of fields such as computer graphics, Flame Image Process, computer-aided design (CAD), computer vision and human-computer interaction technology.
Because the demonstration of virtual instrument shows result of calculation intuitively with figure or picture image, thereby many principles abstract, that beyond one's depth and rule have been easy to understand, many miscellaneous and uninteresting data have become vivid and interesting.Important effect is being brought into play in being presented at of virtual instrument in the virtual instrument, be the important window of man-machine interaction.While computer based virtual instrument system, by business computing machine platform and Windows operating system, realize that with colourful color, diversified form and powerful subsidiary function detailed, output vivo shows, can finish the demonstration that the conventional hardware instrument is difficult to realize, such as three-dimensional waterfall figure, chromatogram etc.This also is one of advantage of virtual instrument.
Summary of the invention
The method for making that the purpose of this invention is to provide the intelligent virtual display that is used for intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument.
The technical solution used in the present invention specifically describes and is the making step of intelligent virtual display, comprising:
1, determines the form of intelligent virtual display
The form of intelligent virtual display mainly refers to the area configurations of display, and the intelligent virtual display is divided into rim area, interstitial area and at least one graphical display area (referring to accompanying drawing 1).
2, determine the formation of intelligent virtual display
As shown in Figure 2, the intelligent virtual display can be realized a plurality of instrumental functions, can switch mutually between each instrumental function; Each instrumental function comprises graphical display area number, drawing color table, drawing table of type and regional chained list; The corresponding again a plurality of graphical display areas of zone chained list; Each graphical display area then comprises display mode, data management and data transmission and other a plurality of functions and relates to outward appearance and a plurality of attributes of performance.
The intelligent virtual display adopts above-mentioned formation pattern, is for the ease of realizing the switching of different instrumental functions, promptly manage a plurality of graphical display areas in a plurality of interfaces with chained list, and a plurality of graphical display area is also used each single graphical display area of chained list dynamic management.
3, set up the module that constitutes the intelligent virtual display
According to the structure of intelligent virtual display, can mark off instrumental function module, functional module and attribute module three classes, each module can be set up mathematical model separately, and its content comprises:
(1) the instrumental function module can also continue to be divided into according to concrete instrumental function: oscillograph function, signal generator function, fft analysis instrument function, wavelet transformation analysis instrument function, noise testing analyser function, temperature controller function, torductor function, power measurement instruments function, mechanical efficiency gage functions, orbit of shaft center gage functions, device predicted maintenance system function etc.
(2) functional module can also continue to be divided into: display mode, data management and data transmission, vernier reading, dual cursors, figure scaling, rotation, statistics, match and modules such as interpolation, printout.Wherein display mode is an intelligent virtual display most important function, specifically also can be divided into: picture shows, metal-like rod figure, flat faced bar figure, peak value searching figure, dynamically oscillogram (from right to left), dynamically oscillogram (from left to right), hyperchannel tiling figure, hyperchannel overlay chart, (sine) logarithmic graph, oscillography reading figure, enlarged drawing, three-dimensional parameter figure, three-dimensional waterfall figure, three-dimensional chromaticity diagram, binary channels waveform/excellent figure oscillography, binary channels oscillography, single channel oscillogram, top menu style, XY scheme etc.Realize that data management and data statistics function are mainly reflected on the Data Structure Design of intelligent virtual display, the data structure of intelligent virtual display mainly comprises display appearance parameter, port number and graphical display area parameter (referring to accompanying drawing 3).
(3) attribute module can also continue to be divided into: the size of viewing area background setting, skin mode, interactive mode, grid (comprise grid color and width are set), mark, literal, color, display, edge pattern etc. relate to the module of outward appearance and performance.Skin mode is the outward appearance that changes the intelligent virtual display, is divided into: three-dimensional prominent punch formula, linear gradient pattern, linear gradual-change mode, brightness gradual-change mode, linear brightness gradual-change mode and the brightness gradual-change mode (referring to accompanying drawing 4～9) that becomes ash that becomes ash.The intelligent virtual display has three-type-person's machine interactive mode: mutual property pages, menu mutual and label mutual (referring to accompanying drawing 10～12).
(4) respectively these modules are carried out mathematical modeling, comprise the modeling of 3D shape, the sense of reality is handled modeling, functional structure modeling etc.
(5) carry out algorithm design, Data Structure Design and program design, finished control 3D shape rendering algorithm, sense of reality Processing Algorithm, functional structure functions such as algorithm are set.
(6) set up instrumental function storehouse and function storehouse respectively.
4, under the Windows system, set up the intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument development system, and in this system, finish the making of intelligent virtual display
Under the Windows system, adopt the meta-synthetic engineering towards control, data and demonstration, the intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument development system that the foundation of level messaging bus technology possesses characteristics such as dynamic similation operation and evolution.In the development system of this foundation, finish the making of intelligent virtual display.The steps include:
(1) by being provided with and revising the outward appearance that attribute makes up the intelligent virtual display.
(2) function of selection intelligent virtual display comprises the setting of data entry mode, parameter measurement, the selection of display mode etc.
(3) instrumental function of selecting the intelligent virtual display to realize.
In the above-mentioned process of setting up the intelligent virtual display, the relevant technologies that relates to has signal to be transferred to conversion coalignment between graphic presentation, to realize and other intelligent measure etc. based on the outward appearance of the data structure of the collocation method in zone, intelligent virtual display, intelligent virtual display.
1, signal is transferred to the conversion coalignment between graphic presentation
Realized in an intelligent virtual display, realizing colourful display mode by this technology by unified Data Input Interface.
Use the advantage of this device to have: (1) manages the mutual control of control at the outside adapter that uses of control, and no longer bundles with control, can reduce the complicacy of control, makes it easy to understand and makes things convenient for writing and revising of program.(2) the mutual control between the separation control will increase the reusability of control, and this will make control be transplanted to different environment and become more succinct and convenient.Only need this moment to revise the conversion coalignment of control rather than revise control itself.
Make the user call display and only need needn't understand concrete realization details by the interface interchange function corresponding.Below two kinds of situations be fit to adopt these devices: (1) is if want a method by the interface interchange class, but that class does not have corresponding interface.Revise the source code of class and realize that corresponding interface is not the selection of a wisdom, this is based on following two reasons: no matter whether class has code, and the purpose of this class design is as a base class; Being that a specific purpose is special for base class realizes that an interface is inappropriate.(2) any one object all expects dynamically to call the method for other object, but crucial problem is the relevant information that caller itself can not get other object class.
The middleware device of this connection request and service, it has shielded correspondence one by one and interactivity that the function call and function is realized.On-the-fly modify user interface by the conversion coalignment, make identical user request, can be corresponding different services.As shown in Figure 13, user interface CI can be mapped to the corresponding function entity of waveform demonstration, XY demonstration, waterfall figure demonstration etc. by main conversion coalignment.Realize that by different classes waveform demonstration, XY demonstration, histogram demonstration, chromatogram and topomap show, the common interface address is passed to main conversion coalignment, main conversion coalignment is just as a selector switch, under different situations, point to different addresses, just call different services.
Waveform is drawn and Wave data is a relative separation, gets in touch by the conversion coalignment and the corresponding data of different display modes, draws out waveform, grid, literal etc., and this just makes to carry out freely switching between different display modes than being easier to and realizes.
2, based on the collocation method in zone
Determine to relate to collocation method in the form of intelligent virtual display in step 1 based on the zone.
As shown in Figure 1, the intelligent virtual display can be divided into rim area, interstitial area and a plurality of graphical display area.The drafting of figure is that zone with appointment is a reference coordinate, but not display itself.The position of each graphics field, size set at random like this, and do not influence the display routine and the display effect of figure.
The key issue that the multizone of figure shows and mouse is followed the trail of is: when 1) dividing display arbitrarily, and each regional origin position definite; 2) the determining of displaying ratio in the zones of different; 3) the window's position of mouse response is transformed into the position of specific region.
The thinking that solves first problem is: effective indication range of obtaining current display with the GetWindowRect function, the M of Graphicxtras Frames Collection, width and the input of setting according to the user, N parameter (wherein M is for row is cut apart number, N is the column split number), screen is divided into M * N zone, and each regional origin is:
OrgX＝Col*(rect.right-rect.left)/N+Margin
Row, Col are nominated bank, train value in OrgY=Row* (rect.bottom-rect.top)/M+Margin formula, and Margin is the width of frame region.And, just need to introduce the dimension scale and the interregional gap length parameter of each regional length and width direction for subregion such as non-.Demonstration at virtual instrument needs, and we provide single-row, two kinds of display modes of biserial, and each zone and gap parameter can freely be set alternately by property pages.The origin in zone is expressed as by iterative manner:
OrgX
i＝OrgX
i-1+X(i)*(rect.right-rect.left)+MarginX
OrgY
i=OrgY
I-1X (i), Y (i) represent that this zone accounts for the Aspect Ratio of whole display in+Y (i) * (rect.bottom-rect.top)+MarginY formula, and MarginX, MarginY represent the gap length in zone.
Solve second problem and should at first determine in the different viewing areas maximal value of level and vertical direction and minimum value.Compare with the minimax of given signal with the difference of vertical direction maximal value and minimum value according to level, obtain the displaying ratio of zones of different.And based on this, given signal being plotted to the appointed area, this is the core content of area configurations method.
Solve the message-driven mechanism that the 3rd problem at first should be appreciated that Windows.Will produce an INT 0CH when rolling mouse or when pressing mouse button interrupts, the mouse interrupts of being installed by Mouse.drv is intercepted and captured in this and is had no progeny, the form of mouse event with mouse information left in the system queue, then message is further handled or directly they are sent to target window.This is the message-driven mechanism of Windows, and this mouse position that returns that has also determined mouse to respond back the function that withers is based on window, just with respect to display, need be converted into the coordinate with respect to the initial point of specific region.Specific implementation is: (1) determines mouse presses a little belong to which zone, and this available nested loop program realizes; (2) deduct this zone origin with the mouse point coordinate and promptly obtain coordinate with respect to the zone.At this moment just can utilize the model of having set up to carry out cursor reading etc. has operated.
3, parameters of display data structure
Step 3 is set up in the corresponding mathematical model, relates to the parameters of display data structure.
From accompanying drawing 13 as can be seen the parameter and the Wave data of the virtual intelligent display of this paper development be independent, leave in the data warehouse.Such purpose, the one, make each several part independent as far as possible, from the soft project angle, strengthened the cohesion in the module, reduced the difficulty of programming, improved the readable and maintainable of software, reduced the software probability of errors.Simultaneously, data warehouse, particularly data structure become the core of Version Control, separate and help edition upgrading and backward compatible management.
Data structure comprises display appearance parameter, port number, graphical display area parameter, as shown in Figure 3.For one dimension, two dimension, three-dimensional waveform uniform data are arrived identical data store organisation, according to the unified mathematical model of redundant thought structure of definition 1.And when concrete drawing such as waveform, XY,, take out the data that need by opposite way, and show such as XY, just ignore the parameter of relevant Z.
Definition 1: if F1=f (a, x1), F2=f (a, b, x2), F3=f (a, b, c, x3), constructed fuction F=f (a, b, c, x1, x2, x3).F1 so, F2, F3 can unify to be F.A in the definition, b, c are the three dimensions parameter, and x1, x2, x3 are the additional information parameter.
In a display, graphical display area has a plurality of, and its quantity determines by port number, by chained list create, append, deletion, management area.
In addition,, add an interim graphical display area argument structure body,, pass to this structure by the parameter that adapter will be operated at parameters of display in order to keep drawing the independence of function.Mapping operation is only at interim graphical display area argument structure body.This structure does not participate in preserving.
4, outward appearance realizes
Set up in the corresponding mathematical model in step 3, also relate to display appearance and realize.
The outward appearance of virtual monitor mainly comprises background, grid and frame three parts.The drafting of background and grid is fairly simple, only needs to change color etc. by mutual input page.The image of the whole display of the design of frame influence, and be directly connected to the overall appearance of virtual instrument.We provide multiple display effect and processing scheme, to satisfy whole style unanimity, the color coordination, elegant in appearance of virtual instrument.Selectable display effect comprises (referring to accompanying drawing 4-9):
(1) three-dimensional prominent protruding effect.Input three-primary colours rgb value generates the negative and positive edge transition.
(2) linear gradient effect.Import initial, stop rgb value: RS, GS, BS, calculate the step pitch of R, G, each component of B: Rstep, Gstep, BStep, thereby determine the color of each point: r, g, b.Setting parameter i represents the stepping amount in addition.
[r，g，b]＝[RS+i*RStep，GS+i*GStep，BS+i*BStep]
(3) brightness fade effect.The input rgb value is converted into HLS (Hue, Luminance, Saturation) value with rgb value.Revise LS by going forward one by one, obtain new HLS, and be converted into the rgb value of corresponding point.
The mode of color treatments mainly contains gray scale and brightness processed.Color image is converted into the following experimental formula of the normal employing of GTG image:
R, G, B are the rgb value of respective point in the former image in the gray=0.30*R+0.59*G+0.11*B formula, and gray is the image color value after the conversion, promptly image color be RGB (gray, gray, gray).
The point disposal route of enhancing GTG image commonly used has: gray scales conversion, gray scale linear transformation, gray scale linearity block, two sections ashing degree hierarchy slicings, three sections linear transformations, gray scale negate, gray scale log-transformation and gray scale exponential transforms etc.
The gray scales conversion is very directly perceived, and it multiply by a zoom factor to the gray scale of former pixel, and at last by [0,255].The gray scale linear transformation then is the important method that changes contrast., can produce the disadvantage of contrast deficiency, thereby make the details in the image differentiate unclear because under-exposed or over-exposed during imaging when image.Ganmma controller is carried out linear expansion, often can improve the outward appearance of image significantly.The computing formula of gray scale linear transformation:
In the formula, f is the gray scale of former pixel, and g is the gray scale after the conversion.Obviously, the gray scale transformation that this conversion handle belongs to [a, b] is to [c, d] between gray area, and the former pixel gray scale in [a, b] interval will not remain unchanged.Here, a, b, c, d, f, g are the round values between [0,255].As seen, a is mapped as c, and b is mapped as d.
Brightness processed can directly multiply by brightness ratio, also can regulate by the HLS pattern.If brightness ratio is less than 100%, then new image is darker than former image.
Also can select not have the pattern of frame, no color treatments in addition.
5, virtual monitor is intelligent
Set up in the corresponding mathematical model in step 3, also relate to other technology about attribute, it is certain intelligent that these technology make that virtual monitor presents, and can take cordwood assembling on the field based on the assembly of above-mentioned plug-in type structure of integration system.
(1) set at random
This display can be before other control, afterwards or assembling betwixt, can be positioned over to piece together and take any position in the field, its size, profile also can be defined by the user.
(2) freely switch between display mode
In temperature measuring device, need show history curve and temperature statistics histogram simultaneously, in wavelet analysis, what will show wavelet transform side by side respectively decomposes component, the three-dimensional plot that also will show the time-yardstick-amplitude in the continuous wavelet transform, rank than analyser in, draw XY figure and chromatogram, be very necessary in the complex instrument particularly so between each display mode, switch for instrument.
(3) Feng Fu man-machine interaction means
Can revise almost used display parameter (referring to accompanying drawing 10～12) by property pages.Property pages comprises the content of following 6 aspects:
1) display appearance comprises frame, draws and distinguish color, text color, grid color and width etc.;
2) the privately owned style of each passage comprises mark literal, range, raster mode and step pitch;
3) information capture comprises that cursor is followed the trail of window, cursor is followed the trail of pattern (all values, unimodal value, bimodal), cursor comparison, amplification mode, measurement statistical information, interpolative mode;
4) three-dimensional feature setting comprises selection sense of reality color transition pattern, whether starts additional window etc.;
5) window layout setting comprises the height of single-row/biserial setting, each window, the size in window gap etc.;
6) other comprises the length of the switching of coordinate, histogrammic texture setting, data buffer, the mode that dynamically shows, the zone of label character etc.
The setting that also can use always by menu in addition.Also can pass through menu or top functional label in operational mode, carry out operations.
(4) memory and adaptation function
Memory function is meant the pattern of setting by user interactions, can remember automatically, after repeatedly switching, can keep original appearance fully.Adaptation function is according to the data characteristics of input, finds a kind of suitable display mode automatically.Check input instruction flexibly,, make safe handling illegal instruction.
(5) plug and play
So-called plug and play is exactly the display to random time, optional position, and nondistinctive treating taken in the field as long as display is assembled to piece together, and it is just started working.This is that display is applicable to piece together to take and pieces together a necessary condition of taking.
The intelligent virtual display example of setting up by the software implementation method of above-mentioned intelligent virtual display shown in accompanying drawing 14～32, in respect of: picture shows, metal-like rod figure, flat faced bar figure, peak value searching figure, dynamically oscillogram (from right to left), dynamically oscillogram (from left to right), hyperchannel tiling figure, hyperchannel overlay chart, (sine) logarithmic graph, oscillography reading figure, enlarged drawing, three-dimensional parameter figure, three-dimensional waterfall figure, three-dimensional chromaticity diagram, binary channels waveform/excellent figure oscillography, binary channels oscillography, single channel oscillogram, top menu style, XY scheme etc.
Technique effect of the present invention comprises:
1, display mode is the mode of display graphics, and the intelligent virtual display can be realized plurality of display modes, is a kind of virtual display device.
2, display mode is to the strictness of data call format, and the intelligent virtual display can adapt to all display modes.
3, the intelligent virtual display can be realized the multi-mode switching, can satisfy complicated virtual instrument to calculating visual requirement.
4, can realize plug-and-play feature, possess the feature of general display.
Description of drawings
Be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the area configurations figure of intelligent virtual display, among the figure display is divided into rim area, interstitial area and a plurality of graphical display area, and graphical display area comprises mark district, grid zone, drawing district etc. again.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural drawing of intelligent virtual display.The intelligent virtual display can be realized a plurality of instrumental functions, can switch mutually between each instrumental function; Each instrumental function comprises graphical display area number, drawing color table, drawing table of type and regional chained list; The corresponding again a plurality of graphical display areas of zone chained list; Each graphical display area then comprises display mode, data management and data transmission and other a plurality of functions and relates to outward appearance and a plurality of attributes of performance.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the data structure of intelligent virtual display, comprises display appearance parameter, port number and graphical display area parameter.
Accompanying drawing 4～9 is the skin mode of virtual monitor, is respectively: three-dimensional prominent punch formula, linear gradient pattern, linear gradual-change mode, brightness gradual-change mode, linear brightness gradual-change mode and the brightness gradual-change mode that becomes ash that becomes ash.
Accompanying drawing 10～12 is three-type-person's machine interactive interface: mutual property pages, menu mutual and label are mutual.
Accompanying drawing 13 is the schematic diagram of virtual monitor, and as can be seen from the figure user interface CI can be mapped to the corresponding function entity of waveform demonstration, XY demonstration, waterfall figure demonstration etc. by primary adapter.
The intelligent virtual display example that the software implementation method of accompanying drawing 14～32 intelligent virtual displays is set up.In respect of: picture demonstration, metal-like rod figure, flat faced bar figure, peak value searching figure, dynamic oscillogram (from right to left), dynamic oscillogram (from left to right), three-dimensional plot, hyperchannel tiling figure, hyperchannel overlay chart, (sine) logarithmic graph, oscillography reading figure, enlarged drawing, three-dimensional waterfall figure, three-dimensional chromaticity diagram, binary channels waveform/excellent figure oscillography, binary channels oscillography, single channel oscillogram, top menu style, XY scheme.
Wherein accompanying drawing 14 shows for picture.
Accompanying drawing 15～16 is metal-like rod figure and flat faced bar figure.Rod figure (or claiming histogram) is presented in the fields such as science statistics, industry monitoring in real time and has a wide range of applications, such as, in SONOAN, the octave figure of display noise signal.
Accompanying drawing 17 is peak value searching figure.
Accompanying drawing 18～19 is dynamic oscillogram (from right to left), dynamic oscillogram (from left to right).
Accompanying drawing 20 is a three-dimensional plot.
Accompanying drawing 21～22 is hyperchannel tiling figure and hyperchannel overlay chart.
Accompanying drawing 23 is (sine) logarithmic graph.
Accompanying drawing 24 is oscillography reading figure.
Accompanying drawing 25 is an enlarged drawing.
Accompanying drawing 26 is three-dimensional waterfall figure.In virtual instrument, display device by computer system, by the projection matrix conversion discrete three-dimensional space data field is converted to discrete 2-D data, i.e. the data presentation that the resampling and the synthetic method of image of 3 d-dem data fields realized three dimensional field.While is with reference to the color management of Matlab, set up a telescopic color data table, make the data correspondences of different sizes wherein different color value, give truly, sensation intuitively, be suitable for wavelet analysis, joint time frequency analysis, medical image signal is handled and aspects such as three-dimensional modeling are used.
Accompanying drawing 27 is three-dimensional chromaticity diagram.Three-dimensional chromaticity diagram (or claiming chromatogram) is the another kind of mode that realizes the three dimensional field data presentation, expresses the third dimension by color.This mode and three-dimensional waterfall figure complement one another: three-dimensional waterfall figure is sensibility, visual in image, and chromatogram has better quantization characteristic, can carry out science, reading accurately by mutual vernier.
Accompanying drawing 28 is binary channels waveform/excellent figure oscillography.
Accompanying drawing 29～30 is binary channels oscillography and single channel oscillogram.
Accompanying drawing 31 is top menu style figure.
Accompanying drawing 32 is XY figure.If the interval of sampling is not regular, perhaps in order to describe certain relation of two groups of data, then need one group of data to show along X-axis, another group data show along Y.This just needs to use XY figure Graphics Mode, imports X, Y value one to one.
Accompanying drawing 33 is the oscillographic functional structure chart of virtual memory.
Accompanying drawing 34 is the oscillographic software design figure of virtual memory.
Accompanying drawing 35～39 is represented the oscillography of single channel signal respectively for piecing together the smart control virtual memory oscillograph of putting up, to the cursor reading of signal, and the oscillography of double-channel signal, the addition of sine and square wave, and the enlarged drawing of FM signal.
Specific embodiments
Existing wise implementation procedure that can virtual monitor so that the smart control storage oscilloscope is example.
1, the function of analytical instrument is formed, and sets up the function storehouse
Oscillographic major function is to observe and measure the waveform of electric signal, not only can observe the dynamic process of electric signal, and can also measure the various parameters of electric signal quantitatively.The for example cycle of alternating current, amplitude, frequency, phase place etc.When the test pulse signal, respond very fastly, and waveform is clear and legible.Also can change non-electrical signal into electric signal in addition, be used for measuring temperature, pressure, sound, heat etc., so its purposes is very extensive.
The virtual memory oscillograph grows up on the oscillographic theoretical foundation of memory for digits, also is the earliest, one of the most successful virtualization product.By operating systems such as the calculation process of business computing machine platform and Windows, the virtual memory oscillograph can be realized the storage of big data quantity, conveniently output, captured information, intelligentized mutual demonstration in real time, compare and measure, measures automatically, and data are carried out various processing, comprise FFT, time frequency analysis etc.And behind the employing intelligent virtual control, the virtual memory oscillograph just transform the smart control storage oscilloscope as.
(1) the oscillographic system principle of virtual memory
Oscillographic standard of memory for digits and main functional parameter have: 1) bandwidth; 2) sample; 3) storage and output function; 4) trigger function, triggering mode commonly used has: edge, video, burr etc.; 5) analytic function.
The virtual memory oscillograph is made of computing machine, data collecting card and interpretation software.Its functional structure mainly is divided into following a few part as shown in Figure 33: 1) data acquisition hardware part.Form by data acquisition board and corresponding driving program; 2) data acquisition.Realize setting by driver to the data acquisition hardware, comprise range, signalling channel, sample frequency/triggerings control and the time base control etc., and to sampled data read and mass memory to equipment such as hard disks, finish the conversion that analog quantity arrives digital quantity; 3) data pre-service.Image data is carried out processing such as digital filtering, zero-meanization, essential characteristic amount statistics, data fitting; 4) graphic presentation.On the display screen of forms such as performance graph, histogram, numeral with the information demonstration; 5) data analysis pack processing.Comprise computings such as jitter analysis, FFT conversion, peak value searching and integration, differential, this also is the significant advantage of virtual memory oscillograph; 6) data output.Video data or image data are stored or printed with the disk file form, so that playback; 7) operation control procedure.Operating personnel send control signal by the control softpanel, and control hardware and software module are correspondingly processed.
(2) data acquisition system (DAS)
The performance index of data acquisition system (DAS) directly influence the precision of virtual instrument.Select data acquisition system (DAS) will take all factors into consideration following factor:
1) bus: the vxi bus price is higher relatively, is applicable to most advanced and sophisticated and military field tests; Isa bus once uses in virtual instrument in a large number, but because the restriction of its bandwidth, figure place etc. can not be satisfied the requirement of system works, will progressively eliminate; Serial ports, parallel port and USB have become the standard configuration of computing machine, serial ports, parallel port are applicable to that sample frequency is lower, the application that data volume is less, and improving and more multi-vendor support along with the usb bus standard, particularly become and take popularizing of formula computing machine, USB is used widely; Pci bus has unique advantage and very high cost performance, relatively is fit to China's national situation.
2) sample frequency: the selection of sample frequency should be satisfied the requirement of Shannon's sampling theorem, i.e. f
n=2f
N〉=2f
Max(f
MaxBe the highest frequency of signal, f
nBe sample frequency, f
NBe analysis frequency).In engineering is used, must stay certain allowance, generally get f
n=(4～10) f
MaxIn fact, satisfying under the prerequisite of Shannon's theorems the requirement of determining also must take into account data length and frequency resolution Δ f of sample frequency, i.e. f
n=N Δ f.Data processing is for convenience generally got N and is 2 integer power.Take all factors into consideration, could finally determine suitable sample frequency.
3) resolution: resolution be meant A/D converter can distinguishing analogue the minimum converted quantity of input signal.If the figure place of A/D converter is n, full scale voltage is FSR, and then the resolution of A/D converter is defined as: resolution=FSR/2
nIn addition, also can represent resolution with percentage, the resolution of this moment is called relative resolution.Relative resolution is defined as: relative resolution=1/2
n* 100%.The figure place of A/D converter generally has 8,10,12,16,24 etc., and what of figure place the height of A/D converter resolution depend on, therefore, generally at present all represents resolution indirectly with the figure place n of A/D converter simply.
4) triggering mode: trigger pip has two sources in the data acquisition system (DAS), and the one, from the control signal of microsystem, be called the internal trigger formula; The one, from the disturbing signal at scene, be called the external trigger formula.
In addition, factors such as precision, range and price also should give sufficient consideration.
(3) oscillographic functional character of virtual memory and realization
The virtual memory oscillograph is the product that oscilloscope measurement method and computer technology combine, and the principal character of it is integrated oscillograph and computing machine has also produced some new unique technique feature and functions.
1) storage and extraction waveform parameter.Computing machine provides multiple storage mode, as internal memory, hard disk, floppy disk and network etc., provides the condition of memory storage for oscillograph.Digitizing storage is convenient to reproduction and is carried out Computer Analysis and handle, and especially at the scene and field test, test result can be taken back the laboratory and carry out careful analysis and data processing, tends to obtain important test findings.Storage oscilloscope must possess two kinds of duties: sample states and playback state.When storage oscilloscope was in sample states, data showed the voltage waveform of input end this moment in real time from A/D converter.When storage oscilloscope was in playback state, data were from calculator memory, and this state can show data of having gathered or the historical data of reading from disk.
2) mathematical operation.The virtual memory oscillograph can carry out the adding of waveform, subtracts, multiplication and division, differential, integration, logarithm, index, algebraic expression computing etc., so that find the subtle relations between signal or signal.Sophisticated signal can also be transformed into through the FFT conversion and carry out observation analysis in the frequency domain, be used to judge the frequency response of amplifier and wave filter, the noise in measuring-signal source, the Modulation analysis of communication etc.This is that traditional storage oscilloscope is difficult to realize.
3) Feng Fu Presentation Function.Storage oscilloscope not only has multiple performance graph display packing, can dwindle or local amplify etc. signal, also has histogram, XY and shows etc.The histogram analysis of signal has become a common feature of high-grade storage oscilloscope, and the variation tendency of the distribution demonstration that provides the measure batch data, the quality of check product, the reason of finding intermittent defect, tracking measurement data etc. is provided.The virtual memory oscillograph can provide three kinds of histogram analysis methods: waveform statistical treatment, waveform parameter result's statistical treatment and voltage histogram show.XY figure is used to describe the mutual relationship of two groups of signals, when two passages all are in strobe state, can select for use this pattern to show Li Shayu (Lissajous) figure and measure phase difference or frequency, but also can show frequency-region signal after time domain waveform and the spectrum transformation simultaneously, and to the full screen note of function selecting, running status and measurement result.
4) cursor reading.Usually, digital oscilloscope has 4 to measure cursor: 2 voltage cursors (level) and 2 time cursors (vertical) are used for marking measured voltage difference delta V and mistiming Δ T respectively on screen.
5) measure and measure automatically (AUTOSETUP).The routine measurement parameter that the virtual memory oscillograph has comprises: 1. amplitude---amplitude high and low, maximal value and minimum value, peak-to-peak value, mean value, cycle mean value, root-mean-square value (RMS), cycle root-mean-square value, positive overshoot and negative overshoot etc.; 2. time---the rise time, fall time, positive pulsewidth is born pulsewidth, and the positive work period, the negative work period, the time, frequency postpones etc.; 3. make up---zone, period zones, phase place, pulse width etc.; 4. histogram measurement of correlation---waveform number, the frame clicks, peak hits number, intermediate value, maximal value, minimum value, peak-to-peak value, mean value etc.Show by cursor and numeral, follow procedure is finished automatically the parameter setting of storage oscilloscope and waveform is shown, comprise the setting of time shaft sweep parameter and voltage axis numerical range, the automatic calibration of instrument itself etc., and the calculating of waveform parameter and digitized measurement.
6) set up automatic test network.It is very easily that computer based virtual memory oscillograph makes up automatic test network.Utilize parallel port, serial ports, the expansion interfaces such as USB, PCI of computing machine, output devices such as plotting apparatus, printer, hard disk, floppy disk, network, and the support and the cooperation of operating system, particular software package, can set up powerful automatic test network, satisfy the testing requirement of specific complexity.
Like this, according to the principle and the function of storage oscilloscope,, function is refined as the several function module in conjunction with the thought of computer software engineering, respectively these functions are carried out mathematical modeling and algorithm design and programming, set up the function storehouse corresponding with the virtual memory oscillograph.(referring to accompanying drawing 34).
2, the making of intelligent virtual display
According to the making step of intelligent virtual display, finish the making of intelligent virtual display in the intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument development system of under the Windows system, setting up.
(1) the intelligent virtual display is carried out the attribute setting, finish the outward appearance of intelligent virtual display and make.
(2) determine the function that the intelligent virtual display need be realized, particularly finish the selection of display mode.
(3) the oscillographic instrumental function of contact virtual memory is selected required function from the instrumental function storehouse of having set up.
Through above step, the intelligent virtual display that is used for the smart control storage oscilloscope has completed.
3, in the intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument development system, set up the smart control storage oscilloscope of a four-way 500kHz
Principle according to storage oscilloscope is divided into following four groups of control groups to the virtual memory oscillograph:
(1) channel selecting.It comprises overall channel number and current port number.The overall channel number is controlled by slide bar, can select 1,2,3,4, represents single channel, binary channels, triple channel and four-way sampling respectively.Current port number addign a channel is used for path setting.
(2) path setting.Base when the X of the prepass scanning, the Y scaling factor, Y shifter factor are set, can be stablized, observation signal intuitively.
(3) oscillography control.Comprise oscillography, time-out, record, playback, withdraw from, waveform stack, print scale, printing or the like function control operation.
(4) sample frequency is set.Be used to be provided with the sample frequency of hardware acquisition system.
Selected intelligent virtual controls such as intelligent virtual knob, intelligent virtual button, intelligent virtual slide bar again according to these four groups of control groups, matched, constituted the virtual memory oscillograph of smart controlization jointly with the intelligent virtual display of setting up previously.
Accompanying drawing 35～39th is pieced together several display modes of the smart control storage oscilloscope of putting up according to the method described above, be respectively the oscillogram of single channel low frequency signal, to the cursor reading figure of signal, the oscillogram of double-channel signal, the addition figure of sine and square wave, and the enlarged drawing of FM signal.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method for making of intelligent virtual display may further comprise the steps:
(1) determines the form of intelligent virtual display;
(2) determine the formation of intelligent virtual display, comprising:
At least one instrumental function can be switched mutually between each instrumental function; Each instrumental function comprises graphical display area number, drawing color table, drawing table of type and regional chained list; The corresponding again a plurality of graphical display areas of zone chained list; Each graphical display area then comprises display mode, data management and data transmission and other at least one function and relates to outward appearance and the attribute of performance;
(3) set up the module that constitutes the intelligent virtual display:
According to the structure of intelligent virtual display, can mark off instrumental function module, functional module and attribute module three classes, each module can be set up mathematical model separately, and its content comprises:
1. the instrumental function module comprises according to concrete instrumental function: oscillograph function, signal generator function, fft analysis instrument function, wavelet transformation analysis instrument function, noise testing analyser function, temperature controller function, torductor function, power measurement instruments function, mechanical efficiency gage functions, orbit of shaft center gage functions, device predicted maintenance system function;
2. functional module comprises: display mode, data management and data transmission, vernier reading, dual cursors, figure scaling, rotation, statistics, match and interpolation, printout module; Wherein display mode specifically also can be divided into: picture demonstration, metal-like rod figure, flat faced bar figure, peak value searching figure, dynamic oscillogram from right to left, dynamic oscillogram from left to right, hyperchannel tiling figure, hyperchannel overlay chart, logarithmic sine figure, oscillography reading figure, enlarged drawing, three-dimensional parameter figure, three-dimensional waterfall figure, three-dimensional chromaticity diagram, binary channels waveform/excellent figure oscillography, binary channels oscillography, single channel oscillogram, top menu style, XY figure; Realize that data management and data statistics function are mainly reflected on the Data Structure Design of intelligent virtual display, the data structure of intelligent virtual display mainly comprises display appearance parameter, port number and graphical display area parameter;
3. attribute module comprises: the size of viewing area background setting, skin mode, interactive mode, grid, mark, literal, color, display, the module that relates to outward appearance and performance of edge pattern, wherein, skin mode comprises: three-dimensional prominent punch formula, linear gradient pattern, linear gradual-change mode, brightness gradual-change mode, linear brightness gradual-change mode and the brightness gradual-change mode that becomes ash that becomes ash; Interactive mode comprises: mutual property pages, menu mutual and label are mutual;
4. respectively these modules are carried out mathematical modeling, comprise the modeling of 3D shape, the sense of reality is handled modeling, functional structure modeling etc.;
5. carry out algorithm, data structure and program design, finished control 3D shape rendering algorithm, sense of reality Processing Algorithm, functional structure functions such as algorithm are set;
6. set up instrumental function storehouse and function storehouse respectively;
(4) under the Windows system, set up the intelligent controls-oriented virtual instrument development system, and in this system, finish the making of intelligent virtual display, the steps include:
1. by being provided with and revising the outward appearance that attribute makes up the intelligent virtual display;
2. select the function of intelligent virtual display, comprise the setting of data entry mode, parameter measurement, the selection of display mode;
3. the instrumental function of selecting the intelligent virtual display to realize.
2, the method for making of 1 intelligent virtual display according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (1) is determined the collocation method that is based on the zone that the intelligent virtual instrument form adopts, step comprises: (1) when dividing display arbitrarily, the determining of each regional origin position; (2) the determining of displaying ratio in the zones of different; (3) the window's position of mouse response is transformed into the position of specific region.
3, the method for making of 1 intelligent virtual display according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the method that the mutual switching of display mode is adopted in the step (2) comprises the employing that signal is transferred to the conversion coalignment between graphic presentation;
4, the method for making of 1 intelligent virtual display according to claim 1 is characterized in that: set up the parameters of display data structure that mathematical model relates in the step (3) and comprise: display appearance parameter, port number, graphical display area parameter; Wherein, apparent parameter comprises: position size, background grid color, cursor are followed the trail of size, color, interpolation, amplification mode, whole genre parameters, the literal specifications parameter of window; The graphical display area parameter comprises position, viewing area, size, graph data, Graphics Mode, the setting of grid attribute, mark mode, literal, viewing area range parameter.
5, the method for making of 1 intelligent virtual display according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise the implementation of display appearance in the mathematical model that step (3) is set up, comprising:
(1) input three-primary colours rgb value generates the negative and positive edge transition, realizes three-dimensional prominent protruding effect;
(2) input initial, stop rgb value: RS, GS, BS, calculate the step pitch of R, G, each component of B: Rstep, Gstep, BStep, thereby determine the color of each point: r, g, b; Setting parameter i represents the stepping amount in addition, and [r, g, b]=[RS+i*RStep, GS+i*GStep, BS+i*BStep] realizes the linear gradient effect;
(3) input rgb value, rgb value is converted into HLS, and (Saturation) value is revised LS by going forward one by one, and obtains new HLS, and is converted into the rgb value of corresponding point for Hue, Luminance; Realize the brightness fade effect.
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