CN1547458A

CN1547458A - Disposable article having a discontinuous responsive system

Info

Publication number: CN1547458A
Application number: CNA998086908A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐纳德・C・罗; 唐纳德·C·罗; 克・J・艾伦; 帕特里克·J·艾伦; ・J・埃恩斯珀格; 布鲁诺·J·埃恩斯珀格; 斯・施米特; 马蒂亚斯·施米特; P・龙恩; 卡尔·P·龙恩; 尔・克鲁奇宁; 米克黑尔·克鲁奇宁; S・利特文; 西蒙·S·利特文; ・N・库姆杰科夫; 奥利格·N·库姆杰科夫
Original assignee: Procter and Gamble Ltd
Current assignee: Procter and Gamble Ltd; Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date: 1999-06-29
Filing date: 1999-06-29
Publication date: 2004-11-17

Abstract

Disposable articles such as diapers, incontinent briefs, diaper holders and/or inserts, training pants, feminine hygiene garments, tampons, and the like, having a responsive system. The article includes a sensor that detects an input, an actuator that is adapted to perform a responsive function upon the input, and a feedback control loop in which the actuator is adapted to perform the responsive function upon the input in a discontinuous manner. The responsive system may include an open loop or a closed loop system.

Description

Disposable product with discontinuous responsive system

Invention field

The present invention relates to disposable product, particularly have the disposable product of discontinuous responsive system.

Background technology

At present, disposable product as diaper, diaper, training pants, adult-incontinence medicated underpants, sanitary towel and tampon has been widely used in to be taken care of infant and begins to learn the child who walks, and the device that is used for splendid attire, isolation and processing body excretions under the situation of taking care of the incontinence adult.As the preferred mode in these application scenarios, this articles for use are because its convenience and reliability have replaced those reusable, rinsable cloth matter medicated clothings basically.

Although many improvement have been carried out in the field at the disposable product that is used for baby and adult, make these products be better than traditional cloth matter medicated clothing widely, but still exist many problems.Leakage, erythra and stimulation, the wearers skin that the problem of these disposable products comprises body excretions (as urine, feces, menstruation) by feces pollute in large area, such as body excretions such as feces be difficult to cleaning, odor of excreta unpleasant, lack personal customization (as, suitability) etc.

People have carried out some trials and have solved these problems.For example, adopt the superabsorbent polymer to improve the ability that absorbent device absorbs and preserve urine.Also adopt and stop that leg cuff improves suitability and reduces leakage.The disposable diaper that has the thread leg cuff of elasticity that obtains extensively approval and business success has for example been described in authorizing the United States Patent (USP) 3860003 that is entitled as " collapsible side of disposable diaper " of Kenneth B.Bull on January 14th, 1975.Disposable product can also adopt bag, block piece to wait to hold feces and prevent that feces from leaking from articles for use.For example, can authorize the United States Patent (USP) 4695278 that is entitled as " absorbent device " of Micheal I.Lawson on the 22nd with reference in JIUYUE, 1987 with dual closing in; Authorized the United States Patent (USP) 4795454 that is entitled as " absorbent device " of Jerry L.Dragoo on January 3rd, 1989 with the dual closing in of anti-leak; With the United States Patent (USP) 5540671 that is entitled as " absorbent device " of authorizing Dreier on July 30th, 1996 with the bag closing on band summit.Also disclose following disposable product, it has alternative expansion or expansible element, and this element is using some startup or the start liquid of response such as water or urine to improve suitability the feces space to be provided or top flat is shifted.Following patent has been described to be had in the start liquid of using some expansion or response such as water or urine and the disposable absorbent article of expansible element, the United States Patent (USP) that is entitled as " disposable absorbent article with inflatable sept " of for example authorizing people such as Gary D.LaVon on July 19th, 1994 on May 28th, 5330459,1996 was authorized being entitled as of people such as Gary D.LaVon the United States Patent (USP) 5520674 of the disposable absorbent article of the extension of sealing " but have ".Yet the problem of these expandable elements need to be care-giver's action to start the more liquid actuator of these elements or continued operation and needs to be expanded fully, and this is because expansion is proportional with the amount of liquid actuator.In addition, the shank that also discloses self-constriction is received pleat, and itself and the liquid actuator such as water or urine react.For example, authorized the United States Patent (USP) 4246900 that is entitled as " diaper that comprises humidity responsive sealing device " of Friedrich-Wihelm Schroder on January 27th, 1981.It is to need care-giver's action to start the more liquid actuator of these elements or continued operation and needs to shrink fully that problem that pleats still exist is received in these self-constrictions, this be because shrink and the amount of liquid actuator proportional.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to have the disposable product of discontinuous responsive system, the threshold level amount of the input of this system responses such as body excretions and acting on, activity as enzyme in waste material isolation or the prevention Excreta, or other action of response pressure, motion or wearer or state and act on, as lubricated skin etc.The output function of discontinuous responsive system is independent of the input quantity above threshold level basically.Responding system of the present invention only responds when reaching the threshold level of input, rather than responds the input quantity that increases in a continuous manner.Therefore, the material of actuator or storage can be stored in the disposable product, till the needs actuator is done the time spent according to body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its element.This make responding system carry out remove nonessential and do not wish the function finished or when essential startup be stored in system in the articles for use so that reduce the size and/or the volume of articles for use.

Brief description of drawings

Although description can believe by following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings will understand the present invention better that to point out especially and to explicitly call for protection claims of the present invention as ending identical label is represented essentially identical parts.

Fig. 1 is that articles for use are the plane graph of the flattened state of diaper made in accordance with the present invention, and wherein some part in the structure is removed, so that more clearly express the structure of articles for use;

Before representing to act on, Fig. 2 is in the perspective view of the body excretions spacer assembly of the present invention of compressive state;

Fig. 2 A represents along the sectional view of Fig. 2 center line 2A-2A intercepting;

Fig. 3 shows the perspective view of an embodiment after startup of Fig. 2;

Fig. 3 A shows along the sectional view of the line 3A-3A intercepting of Fig. 3;

Fig. 4 shows the perspective view of another embodiment after startup of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 A shows along the sectional view of the line 4A-4A intercepting of Fig. 4;

Fig. 5 shows the perspective view that comprises the solvable capsular embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 A represents example open loop responding system block diagram;

Fig. 6 B represents exemplary closed loop response system block diagram;

Fig. 6 C represents to comprise the example open loop responding system block diagram of controller;

Fig. 6 D represents to comprise the exemplary closed loop response system block diagram of controller;

Fig. 7 A represents to have the desirable output function of the discontinuous responsive system of the present invention of single threshold level;

Fig. 7 B represents to have the desirable output function of the discontinuous responsive system of the present invention of a plurality of threshold levels;

Fig. 8 A represents the exemplary output function of discontinuous responsive system of the present invention and single order, second order and three order derivatives of output function;

Fig. 8 B represents to have the transfer function of the control system that a series of first order with identical time constant postpone;

Fig. 9 A illustrates the sectional view of the embodiment of the responding system that comprises mechanical withdrawal device of the present invention;

Figure 10 A and 10B represent to comprise the embodiment of the responding system of the present invention of electric quick gel;

Figure 11 A, 11B and 11C represent to comprise another embodiment of the responding system of the present invention of electric quick gel;

Figure 12 shows the perspective view of the alternative of body excretions spacer assembly of the present invention.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

Here the term that is adopted " absorbent device " is meant the device that absorbs or hold body exudates, is meant especially to be worn on the wearer's body or to place near the wearer's body device, in order to absorb and to hold the various excrete things of health.Terminology used here " disposable " is meant usually not to be planned to wash, reclaims or the absorbent device that utilizes again (promptly ought be once abandon with planning later, preferably reclaim, make fertilizer or other to handle with the mode of environmentally compatible) as absorbent device.(term that is adopted " setting " meaning is an element of diaper overall structure of other element formation with a kind of certain location and diaper here, perhaps is attached on other element of this diaper as an individual component.Here the term of Cai Yonging " connection " comprises such structure, promptly be attached directly on its another element and directly this element of this diaper be fixed on another element by element with diaper, also comprise such structure, promptly by with an element of diaper attached on the intermediary element of adhering to its another element this element of this diaper being fixed on another element indirectly.) " integral body " absorbent device refer to that being combined together to form one by several single parts coordinates whole absorbent device, so that they do not need to resemble operation respectively single supporter or the pad.A preferred embodiment of absorbent device of the present invention is an overall time absorbent device, diaper 20 as shown in Figure 1.Refer to the absorbent device that wears by infant and incontinence adult usually here as the term " diaper " that adopts.The present invention also is used for other moisture absorption or non-absorbent device, inserts pad, diaper holders and pad, feminine hygiene clothing, tampon, rag, mop, binder and analog as incontinent brief, incontinence undergarments, moisture absorption.

Fig. 1 represents that articles for use are the plane graph of the flattened state of diaper 20 made in accordance with the present invention, and wherein some part in the structure is removed, so that more clearly express the structure of diaper 20.Diaper 20 towards wearer's part towards the observer.As shown in Figure 1, but diaper 20 preferably includes transflective liquid top flat 24; Impenetrable liquid egative film 26; Absorbent article core 28, it is preferably disposed between at least a portion top flat 24 and the egative film 26; Lateral plate 30; Elastic leg closes up 32; Elastic waist feature 34; And general reference numeral is 40 fixation kit.Diaper 20 is shown in Figure 1, has first lumbar region 36, second lumbar region 38 relative with first lumbar region and the crotch district 37 between first lumbar region and second lumbar region.The periphery of diaper 20 is limited by the outward flange of diaper 20, and wherein longitudinal edge 50 is roughly parallel to longitudinal centre line 100 extensions of diaper 20, and end limit 52 is roughly parallel to cross central line 110 extensions of diaper 20 between longitudinal edge 50.

The main body 22 of diaper 20 constitutes the major part of diaper 20.Main body 22 comprises at least a portion of absorbent article core 28 and preferably includes top flat 24 and the outer cover of egative film 26.If absorbent device comprises independent supporter and pad, then main body 22 generally includes supporter and pad.(for example, supporter can comprise that one or more material layer can comprise the absorbent assemblies with top flat, egative film and absorbent article core with outer cover and the pad that forms articles for use.In this case, supporter and/or pad can be included in the fixture that in whole service time pad is held in place.) for whole absorbent device, main body 22 comprises the primary structure of diaper, the additional parts that other is arranged are to form compound diaper structure.Although top flat 24, egative film 26 and absorbent article core 26 can be with multiple known configuration combinations, preferred diaper configuration is described in following patent usually to some extent: the United States Patent (USP) 3860003 that is entitled as " the collapsible lateral parts that is used for disposable diaper " of authorizing Kenneth B.Buell on January 14th, 1975; JIUYUE in 1992 were authorized the United States Patent (USP) 5151092 of Buell on the 9th; With the United States Patent (USP) 5221274 of authorizing Buell on June 22nd, 1993; Authorized people's such as Roe the United States Patent (USP) 5554145 that is entitled as " absorbent device " on the 10th with JIUYUE in 1996 with extensible waist spare of class Thin Elastic film web sheet of multi-region structure; Authorized people's such as Buell the United States Patent (USP) 5569234 that is entitled as " disposable pull-on trousers " on October 29th, 1996; December in 1996 was authorized being entitled as of people such as Nease " the zero waste material method that is used to produce the lateral plate of disposable absorbent article " on the 3rd; With the U.S. Patent application 08/915471 that is entitled as " absorbent device " with people's such as Robles name application with multidirectional extensible lateral plate on August 20th, 1997; Each patent is incorporated herein by reference.

The part of the diaper 20 that is provided with towards medicated clothing surface 45 of the normally contiguous absorbent article core 28 of egative film 26, its stop the Excreta that absorbs and be contained in this make dirty may touching diaper 20 articles for use (such as sheet and underwear).In a preferred embodiment, egative film 26 is liquid-tight (as, urine) and comprise that thin plastic sheeting, this thin film such as thickness are the thermoplastic film of about 0.012mm (0.5mil) to about 0.051mm (2.0mils).Suitable backsheet film comprises the Haute by Tredegar IndustriesInc.of Terre, IN and with trade name X15306, X10962 and X10964 product sold.Other suitable stock footage can comprise gas permeable material, and it breaks away from steam from diaper, and still stops Excreta to pass through egative film 26.Exemplary gas permeable material comprise such as weave width of cloth sheet, nonwoven web sheet, such as composite such as the nonwoven web sheet of thin film coated with such as the product of producing by Japanese Mitsui Toatsu Co. ESPOIR NO by name with by EXXON Chemical Co., of Bay City, the microporous membrane of the product that TX produces EXXAIRE by name.The suitable breathable composite materials that comprises polymeric blends is from ClopayCorporation, Cincinnati, and OH obtains, and product are called HYTREL mixture P18-3097.This breathable composite materials has a detailed description in following document: the PCT that announces with the E.I.DuPont name in June 22 nineteen ninety-five applies for WO95/16746 and the U.S. Patent application to be tried 08/744487 with the application of Curro name on November 6th, 1996.Other breathable backsheet that comprises nonwoven web sheet and porose formed film is authorized on November 5th, 1996 in people's such as Dobrin the United States Patent (USP) 5571096 and is described to some extent.These documents all are incorporated herein by reference.In certain embodiments, such as the insert of articles for use 20, egative film can be a transflective liquid, and for example comprises with following at top flat 24 described identical materials.

Egative film 26 or its any part are that elasticity is extendible in one or more direction.In one embodiment, egative film 26 can comprise class elastic film on the structure (" SELF ") width of cloth sheet.Class Thin Elastic film web sheet is extendible material on the structure, and it does not use additional elastomeric material and present the elastic characteristic of class at prolonging direction.SELF width of cloth sheet comprise have at least two continuously, the different and deformable network of zone similarity not.Preferably, a regional structure became before the major part in other zone produces significant resistance to the elongation that applies, and this zone presents being parallel to predetermined shaft to the resistance that axial elongation reacted that applies.Measure and material when being in not tensile state when the almost parallel predetermined shaft, one of them zone has greater than other regional surface-pathlength.The zone that presents long surface-pathlength comprises that one or more surmounts the distortion that other area planar is extended.When being parallel to the predetermined elongation that axially stands to apply, SELF width of cloth sheet along at least one predetermined shaft to presenting at least two remarkable different states to the elongation controllable resistance.SELF presents first resistance to the elongation that applies, and is enough to make the major part in the zone with long surperficial path to enter the elongated flat that applies up to the elongation of width of cloth sheet, and SELF width of cloth sheet presents second resistance to further elongation subsequently.First resistance to elongation that is provided by the first area is provided in drag overall to elongation.Be suitable for SELF width of cloth sheet of the present invention and authorize people's such as Chappell title on May 21st, 1996 and describe for having in the United States Patent (USP) 5518801 of " width of cloth sheet material that presents the class elastic characteristic " more intactly, it is incorporated herein by reference.In another embodiment, egative film 26 can comprise the compositions by elastomer thin film, foam, line thigh or these materials or other material and non-woven fleece or built up membrane.

Egative film 26 can be connected on top flat 24, absorbent article core 28 or any other element of diaper 20 by any connected mode as known in the art.For example, connected mode can comprise the arrangement of single line bar, helix or the point of even successive adhesive layer, figuratum adhesive layer or binding agent.A preferred adherence method comprises the open patterns network of binding agent silk, and is disclosed as authorize being entitled as in " disposable refuse accommodating laundry " United States Patent (USP) 4573986 of people such as Minetola on March 4th, 1986.Other suitable adhering mode comprises the several binding agent silks that are coiled into spirality pattern, as what illustrate in the apparatus and method shown in the following patent, authorizes Sprague, the United States Patent (USP) 3911173 of Jr. on October 7th, 1; Authorized people's such as Ziecker United States Patent (USP) 4785996 on November 22nd, 1978; Authorize people's such as Werennicz United States Patent (USP) 4842666 with on June 27th, 1989.These patents all are incorporated herein by reference.Have been found that gratifying binding agent by H.B.Fuller Company of St.Paul, Minnesota produces, and mark is made the product of " HL-1620 " and " HL-1358-XZP ".Perhaps, connected mode can comprise the combination of hot adhesion, pressure bonding, ultrasonic bonding, dynamic power machine bonding or any other suitable connected mode as known in the art or these connected modes.

The body surface 47 of top flat 24 preferred contiguous absorbent article cores 28 is provided with, and can be connected on absorbent article core and/or the egative film 26 with any connected mode as known in the art.The suitable connected mode that is connected to other element about the egative film 26 with diaper 20 is above being described.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, top flat 24 and egative film 26 are connected to each other directly in some positions, and connect together indirectly by top flat and egative film are directly connected to other element of diaper 20 in the other position.

Submissive, soft-touch and non-stimulated that top flat 24 is preferably to wearers skin.In addition, at least a portion of top flat 24 is a transflective liquid, makes liquid penetrate its thickness at an easy rate.Suitable top flat 24 can be used material manufacture widely, such as porous foam; Reticulated polymer foam; Apertured plastic films; Perhaps natural fiber (as, wood or cotton fiber) weave or the nonwoven web sheet, synthetic fibers (as, polyester or polypropylene fibre) weave or the nonwoven web sheet, perhaps natural fiber and synthetic fibers the combination weaves or the nonwoven web sheet.If top flat comprises fiber, then fiber can be spunbond, carded, wet-laying, melt and spray, water law is interlacing or other method as known in the art processing.A suitable top flat 24 that comprises the width of cloth sheet that pulls sample length polypropylene fibre is by Veratec, Inc., and a Division of InternationalPaper Company, of Walpole, Massachusetts produces, and product are called " P-8 ".

Suitable formed film top flat is described in following patent: Decembers in 1975 were authorized the United States Patent (USP) 3929135 that is entitled as " having the gradually adsorption structure of fine, soft fur tubule " of Thompson on the 30th; Authorize people's such as Mullane the United States Patent (USP) 4324246 that is entitled as " disposable absorbent article " April 13 nineteen eighty-two with resistance to deformation top flat; Authorize people's such as Radel the United States Patent (USP) 4342314 that is entitled as " the resilient plastic width of cloth sheet that presents the fibrid characteristic " August 3 nineteen eighty-two; Authorized people's such as Ahr the United States Patent (USP) 4463045 that is entitled as " the macroscopic view expansion three-dimensional plastic width of cloth sheet that presents matt visible surface and cloth shape sense of touch " on July 31st, 1984; With the United States Patent (USP) that is entitled as " multilayer polymer film " 5006394 of authorizing Baird on April 9th, 1991.Other suitable top flat 24 is made according to the United States Patent (USP) 4609518 and 4629643 of authorizing people such as Curro respectively at JIUYUE in 1986 2 days and December in 1986 on the 16th, and both all are incorporated herein by reference.The thin film of these formation can be from The Procter ﹠amp as " DRI-WEAVE "; Gamble Company of Cincinnati, Ohio buys, and as " CLIFF-T " from TredegarCorporation of Terre Haute, Indiana buys.

Preferably, isolated for the liquid that wearers skin and absorbent article core 28 is contained, top flat 24 is by the hydrophobic material manufacturing or be processed into hydrophobic.If top flat 24 is by the hydrophobic material manufacturing, the preferred upper surface of top flat 24 at least is processed into hydrophilic, thereby liquid will shift by top flat faster.This phenomenon has reduced body excretions and will flow out top flat 24 rather than be extracted by top flat 24 and the probability that absorbed by absorbent article core 28.Top flat 24 can be handled or surfactant is incorporated into top flat and gives hydrophilic with surfactant.The suitable method of handling top flat 24 with surfactant comprises with surfactant sprays top flat 24 materials and material is immersed in the surfactant.As seen this processing and hydrophilic more detailed description, were authorized people's such as Reising the United States Patent (USP) 4988344 that is entitled as " absorbent device with multilamellar moisture absorption layer " and were authorized the United States Patent (USP) 4988345 that is entitled as " absorbent device with fast Absorption absorbent article core " of Reising on January 29th, 1991 in following patent on January 29th, 1.Be used for the more detailed description that surfactant is incorporated into some suitable methods of top flat is found in the United States statutory invention registration H1670 that announced with people's such as Aziz name on July 1st, 1997.These lists of references all are incorporated herein by reference.Perhaps, top flat 24 can comprise hydrophobic porose width of cloth sheet or thin film.This can finish by following method, promptly from production process to top flat 24 cancellation hydrophilicity-imparting treatment steps and/or to top flat 24 using hydrophobic processing, all the ptfe compounds of " as if SCOTCHGUARD " or hydrophobicity detergent composition as described below.In this embodiment, preferred hole enough penetrates under the situation of no remarkable resistance to allow resembling the liquid, aqueous of urine greatly.

As known in the art, any part of top flat 24 can be coated with lotion.Suitable lotion example has comprised the content described in following patent, authorizes the United States Patent (USP) 5607760 that is entitled as " disposable absorbent article that contains the lotion-treated top flat of profit agent skin and polyol polyester fixative " of Roe on March 4th, 1; On March 11st, 1997 authorize Roe be entitled as " diaper that comprises the lotion-treated top flat of liquid polyester polyol emollient and fixative " United States Patent (USP) 5609587; Authorize people's such as Roe the United States Patent (USP) 5635191 that is entitled as " diaper that contains the lotion-treated top flat of silicone emollients " on June 3rd, 1997; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 5643588 of " diaper " with lotion-treated top flat on July 1st, 1997.Lotion can act on separately or be used in combination with the another kind of reagent of hydrophobic treatment as indicated above.Top flat 24 can also comprise antibacterial or handle with antibacterial that some such examples are announced among the WO95/24173 open at nineteen ninety-five JIUYUE PCT that is entitled as " containing the absorbent device of antibacterial agent with the control abnormal smells from the patient at top flat " with the announcement of Theresa Johnson name on the 14th.In addition, any part of top flat 24, egative film 26 or top flat 24 or egative film 26 can embossing and/or unglazed processing to have more outward appearance like cloth.

Absorbent article core 28 can comprise any hygroscopic material, these materials are normally compressible, fit, non-stimulated and can absorb and retain to wearer's skin such as liquid such as urine and other given body Excretas.Absorbent article core 28 can manufacture multiple size and dimension (as, rectangle, hourglass shape, "T"-shaped, asymmetric shape etc.), and can comprise being used in disposable diaper and the multiple liquid hygroscopic material that waits in other absorbent device usually, as the pulverizing wood pulp of so-called air felt.Other suitable hygroscopic material example comprises wrinkling cellulose wadding; Meltblown polymer comprises the polymer that becomes altogether; Chemicosolidifying, remodeling or cross-linked cellulosic; Braiding comprises thin paper wrap sheet and thin paper lamination; The moisture absorption foam; The moisture absorption sponge; The superabsorbent polymer; The moisture absorption colloidal materials; The combination of perhaps any other known hygroscopic material or these materials.

The configuration of absorbent article core 28 and structure also can be change (as, absorbent article core or other absorbent structure can have different caliper zones, hydrophilic gradient, superabsorbent gradient or lower average density and the lower district that on average quantitatively obtains; Perhaps can comprise one or more synusia or structure.Yet), total hygroscopic capacity of absorbent article core 28 should be compatible with the expectation purposes with the design (calculated) load of diaper 20.

Describe to some extent in following patent as the exemplary absorbent structure of absorbent article core: the United States Patent (USP) that is entitled as " high-density absorbent structure " 4610678 of authorizing people such as Weisman JIUYUE in 1986 on the 9th; Authorize people's such as Weisman the United States Patent (USP) 4673402 that is entitled as " absorbent device " with double-deck core on June 16th, 1987; Authorize people's such as Alemany the United States Patent (USP) 4834735 that is entitled as " having low-density and the low high-density absorbent spare that quantitatively obtains the district " on May 30th, 1989; Authorized the United States Patent (USP) 4888231 that is entitled as " absorbent article core " of Angstadt on the 19th with shop bisque JIUYUE in 1989; Authorize people's such as Herron the United States Patent (USP) 5137537 that is entitled as " absorbent structure that contains the crosslinked wood pulp cellulose cellulose fiber of monomer polycarboxylic acids " on August 11st, 1992; Authorized people's such as Young the United States Patent (USP) 5147345 that is entitled as " being used for the highly efficient absorbent article that incontinence is handled " on the 15th JIUYUE in 1992; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 5342338 that is entitled as " disposable absorbent article that is used for the low viscosity fecal material pass material " of Roe on August 30th, 1994; Authorized being entitled as of people such as DesMarais the United States Patent (USP) 5260345 of " be used for the hygroscopic foam material of aqueous body fluids and contain the absorbent device of this material " on the 9th JIUYUE in 1993; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 5387207 of people such as Dyer " be used for thin (thin-until-wet) hygroscopic foam material before the moistening of aqueous body fluids and make the method for this material " in February 7 nineteen ninety-five; Authorize being entitled as of people such as DesMarais the United States Patent (USP) 5625222 of " being used for liquid, aqueous hygroscopic foam material " by having in high water-oil factor high to what emulsion was made with on July 22nd, 1997.These patents all are incorporated herein by reference.

Diaper 20 can also comprise the elastic waist feature 34 that at least one helps to provide improved suitability and the property held.Elastic waist feature 34 common elastic dilatations and shrinking with adaptive wearer's waist dynamically.Elastic waist feature 34 preferably at least vertically stretches out from least one waist edge 62 of absorbent article core 28, and forms at least a portion of the end margin 52 of diaper 20 usually.Disposable diaper is constructed with two elastic waist feature usually, promptly places waist spare of first lumbar region 36 and places another waist spare of second lumbar region 38.In addition, although elastic waist feature 34 or its any element can comprise that one or more is connected to the individual component on the diaper 20, elastic waist feature 34 can be configured to the extension of other element (such as egative film 26, top flat 24, perhaps egative film 26 and top flat 24) of diaper 20.

Elastic waist feature 34 can be configured to included isomorphism type not in a large number in following patent: the United States Patent (USP) 4515595 of authorizing people such as Kievit on May 7th, 1985; Authorized the United States Patent (USP) 4710189 of Lash on the 1st at December in 1987; Authorized the United States Patent (USP) 5151092 of Buell on the 9th JIUYUE in 1992; With the United States Patent (USP) 5221274 of authorizing Buell on June 22nd, 1993.Other suitable waist configuration can comprise waist cover spare, such as authorizing the United States Patent (USP) 5026364 of Robertson on June 25th, 1991 and authorizing on March 28th, 1989 described in the United States Patent (USP) 4816025 of Foreman.All above-mentioned documents of mentioning are incorporated herein by reference.

Diaper 20 can also comprise fixation kit 40.Fixation kit 40 preferably keeps first lumbar region 36 and second lumbar region 38 to be in the configuration of overlapping, thereby the cross directional stretch that is provided at diaper 20 peripheries is to be through diaper on one's body the wearer.Although any other known fixture is usually acceptable, fixation kit 40 preferably includes belt joint and/or hook circle fixed part.Some exemplary fixation kits have disclosed in following patent: be entitled as " the belt fixation kit that is used for disposable diaper " of authorizing Buell on November 19th, 1974; Authorize people's such as Hirotsu the United States Patent (USP) B14662875 that is entitled as " absorbent device " on May 5th, 1987; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 4846815 that is entitled as " disposable diaper " of Scipps with improved fixture on July 11st, 1989; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 48894060 that is entitled as " disposable diaper " of Nestegard with improved hook fixture part in January 16 nineteen ninety; Authorize being entitled as of Battrell the United States Patent (USP) 4946527 of " pressure sensitive adhesives fixture and make the method for this part " in August 7 nineteen ninety; With this paper aforementioned quote authorized the United States Patent (USP) 5151092 of Battrell on the 9th JIUYUE in 1992; With the United States Patent (USP) 5221274 of authorizing Buell on June 22nd, 1993.Fixation kit can also have and is used to support articles for use to be in the device of handling configuration, and is disclosed as the United States Patent (USP) 4963140 of authorizing people such as Robertson in October 16 nineteen ninety.These patents all are incorporated herein by reference.In another embodiment, the opposite side of medicated clothing can be sewed up or welding formation trousers.This makes articles for use be used as pull-on diapers, such as training pants.

Diaper 20 can also comprise lateral plate 30.When diaper 20 has carried Excreta, because the lateral plate made from elastomer 30 makes the lateral plate of diaper 20 expand and shrink, lateral plate 30 can be elastic or extendible, the wearer goes up and keep this fit property in the whole time that wears by initially snugly diaper 20 being fitted to, and further comfortableness and fit property are provided.Although because in application process, the diaper user draws a lateral plate 30 made from elastomer more farther than other lateral plate, and diaper 20 will be in wearing " oneself adjusts ", and then lateral plate 30 also can also provide the application of more effective diaper 20.

Although diaper of the present invention preferably has the lateral plate 30 that is arranged in second lumbar region 38, diaper 20 can have and is arranged on first lumbar region 36 or is arranged on first lumbar region 36 and the lateral plate 30 of second lumbar region 38 among both.Lateral plate 30 can be configured to any suitable configuration.Diaper example with lateral plate made from elastic component is open in following patent: the United States Patent (USP) 4857067 that is entitled as " disposable diaper with shirred ear " of authorizing people such as Wood on August 15th, 1989; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 4381781 of Sciaraffa in May 3 nineteen eighty-three; Authorize people's such as Van Gompel United States Patent (USP) 4938753 in July 3 nineteen ninety; That above quotes authorized the United States Patent (USP) 5151092 of Buell on the 9th JIUYUE in 1992; With the United States Patent (USP) 5221274 of authorizing Buell on June 22nd, 1993; Authorized people's such as Lavon the United States Patent (USP) 5669897 that is entitled as " having the absorbent device that continues dynamic fit property " on the 23rd JIUYUE in 1997; The U.S. Patent application 08/915471 that is entitled as " absorbent device " on August 20th, 1993 with people's such as Robles name application with multidirectional extensible lateral plate; Foregoing all is incorporated herein by reference.

Diaper 20 preferably also comprises leg cuff 32, and it provides liquid and body excretions is improved holds.Leg cuff can also be called shank band, flank, stop and close up or the elasticity closing in.United States Patent (USP) 3860003 has been described the disposable diaper with collapsible shank opening, and it has flank and one or more elastic component so that the leg cuff made from elastomer (liner closing in) to be provided.The United States Patent (USP) 4808178 and 4909803 of authorizing people such as Aziz respectively on February 28th, 1989 and March 20 nineteen ninety has been described the disposable diaper of the flank made from elastomer (stopping closing in) with " uprightly ", and it has improved the property held of leg area.Authorized Lawson on the 22nd and authorize the United States Patent (USP) 4695278 and 4795454 of Dragoo JIUYUE in 1987 respectively, described and have two the closing in disposable diaper of (comprise liner close up and stop closing in) on January 3rd, 1989.In certain embodiments, as mentioned above, with the lotion-treated leg cuff all or a part be ideal.

Embodiments of the invention can also comprise the bag that is used for receiving and holding refuse, for refuse provide the space distance piece, obstacle that the restriction refuse moves at articles for use, receive and hold the compartment that is deposited on the waste matter in the diaper or space or the like, perhaps any combination wherein.The bag and the sept example that are used for absorbent product are described to some extent at following document: the United States Patent (USP) 5514121 that is entitled as " diaper with discharge interval thing " of authorizing people such as Roe on May 7th, 1996; Decembers in 1992 were authorized people's such as Dreier the United States Patent (USP) 5171236 that is entitled as " disposable absorbent article with core sept " on the 15th; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 5397318 that is entitled as " having the absorbent device that bag closes up " of Dreier in March 14 nineteen ninety-five; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 5540671 that is entitled as " absorbent device " of Dreier with the bag closing on summit on July 30th, 1996; The PCT application WO93/25172 that " is used in the sept in the sanitary absorbent article and has the disposable absorbent article of this sept " in December in 1993 disclosed being entitled as on the 3rd; With the United States Patent (USP) 5306266 that is entitled as " being used in the pliable and tough sept in the disposable absorbent article " of authorizing Freeland on April 26th, 1994.Compartment or space example are open in following document: the United States Patent (USP) 4968312 that is entitled as " the disposable diaper that the feces compartment is arranged " of authorizing Khan April 6 nineteen ninety; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 4990147 that is entitled as " having the absorbent device that is used for the isolated elastic insert of refuse " of Freeland on February 5th, 1991; Authorize people's such as Holt the United States Patent (USP) that is entitled as " disposable diaper " 562840 on November 5th, 1991; With the United States Patent (USP) 5269755 of authorizing being entitled as of people such as Freeland " be used for three fens top flats of disposable product and have the disposable absorbent article of this three fens top flats " at December in 1993 on the 14th.Suitable transverse barriers thing example is described in following document to some extent: the United States Patent (USP) 5554142 that is entitled as " absorbent device with a plurality of efficient height lateral part " of authorizing people such as Dreier JIUYUE in 1996 on the 10th; Be entitled as " absorbent device " PCT so that people's such as Freeland name is disclosed on July 7th, 1994 and apply for WO94/14395 with upright lateral part; With the United States Patent (USP) 5653703 that is entitled as " absorbent device " of authorizing people such as Roe on August 5th, 1997 with angled upright lateral part.All above-mentioned documents of quoting as proof are incorporated herein by reference.

Diaper 20 preferably also comprises at least one pick off 60.Refer to the device of the incident that can detect or the parameter relevant with incident as the term " pick off " that adopts in this application scenario.The parameter relevant with incident is any measurable signal (that is, the signal that by Excreta, wearer or its assembly caused) relevant with the generation of incident in the framework of system reference.Pick off comprises any article that respond one or more specific inputs.The example of the input that can be arrived by sensor of the present invention is including, but not limited to posture, pressure, motion, humidity, enzyme, antibacterial, PH, conductivity, resistance, electric capacity, inductance or other chemistry, biochemical, biology, machinery or electrical property and/or body excretions composition.Pick off preferred detection " non-ambient " input, as the input of non-heat or non-relative humidity, so as by make environmental condition replace sensor to the signal that causes by Excreta, wearer or its assembly probability that triggers pick off reduce to the quantity that minimum reduces errored response.Electricity or biosensor can (for example) assign to detect the elimination of body excretions incident by feeling excremental one-tenth, as defecation, urinate or secrete menstruation.Pick off can detect one or more incidents, perhaps one or more parameters relevant with incident, and provide input for actuator or controller.In addition, pick off of the present invention can be reversible or irreversible.Dissolubility thin film or capsule are examples of irreversible pick off, and the electroactive electric transducer in the detection wearer muscle can receive the input signal (that is, reversible) of a plurality of orders.

As mentioned above, pick off 60 of the present invention can comprise any article that respond specific input.For example, pick off 60 of the present invention can be chemical, machinery, the electricity etc.Chemical sensor can respond chemistry and/or biochemical input quantity, for example be present in enzyme, pH value, water in the body excretions usually, as input quantity biology of any or various other components in antibacterial, blood or the body excretions (as feces, urine or menstruation etc.).Chemical sensor can adopt chemical reaction maybe can comprise the dissolving of soluble material in the input material that is detected as detection means.But the example of chemistry or biological sensor comprises solubilized or breakable, capsule, cell, strip of paper used for sealing etc., specific chemistry of its response, biochemical or biology an input quantity or a particular types chemistry, biochemical or biology input quantity and dissolve or break.But mechanical pick-up device is responsive movement, posture, pressure etc. also.The example of mechanical pick-up device is a bellows-type (bellows-type) pick off, and wherein, when the baby was sitting on the pick off, pressure was pressed on the bellows downwards, so that the demi-inflation of pick off.Mechanical pick-up device also can comprise the part of such pick off or pick off, and it breaks under predetermined impressed pressure effect or separates.Electric transducer also can be used for responding humidity, urine, feces, menstruation, pressure, resistance, electric capacity, inductance etc.For example, electric transducer can comprise such pick off, and wherein the conduction input quantity as urine or feces is connected a circuit; Connect the pick off of circuit as the closed electrical contact of pressure or tension force; By producing the piezoelectric transducer of a signal by wearer or wearer's part (for example, because motion or muscular tone) pressure that causes; The pick off that resistance, electric capacity or inductance change when the input quantity of pick off response occurs; Perhaps by the pick off of a contact (for example, the contact skin pick off) from wearer's body (for example) the reception signal of telecommunication, for example contact skin pick off from subcutaneous muscle.Selectively, pick off can be a biosensor known in the art (for example, enzyme sensor, cell organelle sensor, tissus sensor, microbiological sensor or an electrochemical sensor).This pick off is suitable for detecting protein, sugar, bile component etc., as the exercise question of authorizing people such as Kenji Ogura on January 13rd, 1987 for as described in the United States Patent (USP) 4636474 of " toilet device ".Biosensor can comprise biological recognition system, as is fixed on typical enzyme so the lip-deep antibody of physical-chemical changer or conjugated protein.Biosensor can detect the body excretions component, for example the such component of ammonia and phenol (as, by the biosensor that comprises that enzyme electrode is such).A specific bacterial strain can detect by the biosensor that uses the antibody of raising by this bacterial strain.The exemplary enzyme electrode that can be used for detecting phenol (for example, in urine or feces) comprises that the exercise question of authorizing people such as Joseph Wang respectively on October 14th, 1997 is for the United States Patent (USP) 5676820 of " long-range electrochemical sensor " with authorized tryrosinase base electrode or the Polyphenol Oxidase Electrode that people's such as Anthony P.F.Turner exercise question is described for the United States Patent (USP) 5091299 of " enzyme electrode that is used for organic solvent " on February 25th, 1992.

Alternatively, pick off 60 can be " proactive sensor ", it can detect on the wearer's body or variation body interior, in articles for use or refuse or signal (that is, input quantity), and it is relevant with the approaching incident such as defecation, urinating or secreting directly or on the minimum level.For example, proactive sensor can detect such as defecation, the approaching incident urinating or secreting or the parameter relevant with this incident.Approaching incident can be relevant with body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its assembly or component.The parameter relevant with incident is any input signal (that is the signal that is caused by Excreta or wearer) of measuring relevant with the generation of incident in the reference frame of system.Proactive sensor can (for example) be predicted defecation, the generation of urinating or draining body excretions, perhaps can detect and can indicate erythra or skin irritant signal.Proactive sensor in articles for use can be measured many different input quantities in order to predict an incident.For example, proactive sensor can be monitored outside anal sphincter, lax, the buttocks of the anal sphincter that is used for monitoring the indication defecation and/or urinates separately, the pressure of abdominal part changes, the concentration of articles for use gas, or any other can be used for predicting or expects as defecation, urinates or drains the indication of the incident generation the body excretions.Perhaps, proactive sensor of the present invention can be monitored the skin irritant signal of indication.For example, this pick off can detect the pollution (for example, when handle the diaper totally made after remain in Excreta enzyme wearers skin on) of residual draining thing to wearers skin, and this meeting of this pollution is chafe over time.To the detection of high pH value and the skin hydration effect that causes the increase that increases skin electric conductivity or reduce impedance etc. also can be used for predicting potential skin irritation.The pending trial U.S. Patent application No._ (P﹠amp that is entitled as " disposable product " that the further embodiment of proactive sensor submitted on June 29th, 1998 with proactive sensor; G case numbers 7196) be described in, this patent is incorporated herein by reference.

Pick off 60 can be placed on and/or be operably connected to any part of disposable product, and this part will be exposed to the input quantity that sensor design detects.For the purposes of the present invention, term " is operably connected " and refers to a kind of method for communicating, so that this pick off 60 sends signal can for the some parts of articles for use 20 when pick off 60 detects input quantity.Pick off 60 can separate with some other parts of its another part, another pick off 60, actuator 70, controller 80 or articles for use 20 or assembly or be operably connected." be operably connected " and can (for example) comprise by lead or conducting piece, pass through electrical connection as the transmission signal of radio frequency, infrared ray or other transmission frequency communication mode.Perhaps, pick off 60 can be operably connected by the mechanical connection manner as pneumatic connection or hydraulic pressure connection.

In articles for use 20, for example, pick off 60 can be placed on the crotch district 37 of front waist region 36, back waist region 38 or articles for use 20, and can be with integral body formation, adjacent settings such as main body 22, top flat 24, egative film 26, absorbent article core 28, lateral plate 30, leg cuff 32, waist spare 34, fixation kit 40, longitudinal edge 50 or ora terminalis 52, couple together or constitute a part.Pick off 60 can form with articles for use 20 integral body, or by being installed by care-giver or wearer.Pick off 60 can be positioned at outside the articles for use 20, or a part is positioned at outside the articles for use 20, maybe can be completely contained in the articles for use 20.For example, pick off can have and places in the articles for use so that its receiving unit that contacts with required input quantity, and such as placing in the articles for use or the other parts of articles for use hop outward.Pick off 60 operationally is connected with the some parts of articles for use 20, so that pick off 60 can detect the input of articles for use 20 outsides and signal is provided for controller 80 and/or actuator 70.In certain embodiments, pick off can separate (for example, being applied to discretely on wearer's the some parts) with articles for use and/or can have one or more assemblies that separate with articles for use.

Pick off 60 also can comprise the sensing " system " with two or more pick offs, and each pick off can detect identical or different signal from identical or different source.This sensor-based system can comprise the element that is positioned at articles for use inside, outside and/or separates with articles for use.For example, sensor-based system can be included in the pick off of articles for use inside, and it detects the signal of telecommunication in the outside anal sphincter of wearer; With in the articles for use sensor external, it detects motion, tension force or the muscular movement of wearer's abdominal part.Sensor-based system also can comprise or selectively comprise the element the sensing element that separates except that articles for use inside, outside and/or with articles for use.For example, this sensor-based system can comprise a transmitter in the articles for use outside, and sends to signal that be connected with articles for use 20 or be arranged on the other parts of the sensor-based system in the articles for use 20.

Articles for use 20 preferably also comprise an actuator 70.Refer to a device as used term " actuator " here, it comprises that " potential " and conversion potential are to carry out or to drive the device of " response function ".The potential of actuator 70 can comprise the material of energy storage or potential or storage.Like this, actuator 70 can be by being converted to potential kinetic energy or finishing response function by the material that discharges or transmission stores.For the purposes of the present invention, " response function " is defined as the function that acts on body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its one or more assemblies (branch).Only provide the device of the signal that shows that incident has taken place not think " actuator " that limits for purpose of the present invention.The body excretions component can comprise for example humidity, electrolyte, enzyme, escaping gas, antibacterial, blood etc.Wearer's assembly also can comprise skin, genitals, anus, outside anal sphincter etc.The articles for use assembly can comprise also that leg cuff, waist close up or other refuse block piece and/or closure member, lateral plate, auricle, main body, absorbent article core, obtain part, fixation kit, vertically or end edge etc.Potential can be stored and be mechanical energy, electric energy, chemical energy or heat energy." kinetic energy " used herein refers to as above acting or implements the energy of response function (for example, the rotation of the expansion of compressor, torsion device, the covering of gel, skin or the feces of motion or processing when covert, the inhibition of enzyme, the adjusting of pH value etc.).

The formation of starting three dimensional structure is applied on the articles for use assembly and finally puts on response function on the refuse to collect refuse, for example to comprise.For example collecting refuse, wiping wearers skin or skin care compositions processing skin all is the response function that acts on refuse and/or the wearer.Geometry (one dimension, two dimension or three-dimensional) or the physical property (for example bending modulus, geometry etc.) of adjusting articles for use are this examples that acts on the response function on the articles for use.Sending signal indication incident for care-giver and/or wearer has not been the execution response function, because it is not the function that acts on Excreta, wearer, articles for use or its assembly.The device that sends signal need be positioned at the outer medium of system's (as, people etc.) to finish function as actuator.For example, the actuator of disposable product can discharge or transmit a kind of deodorizer, enzyme inhibitor, skin care compositions or PH controlling agent; Collection, wiping, covering, restriction, fixing, sealing, suction or store body excretions; Or starting is used to implement the structure of above-mentioned one or more functions or the release or the formation of part, or any other affacts the response function of Excreta, wearer, articles for use or its assembly (branch).

Actuator 70 of the present invention can discharge potential to be carried out or starts the response function that acts on Excreta, wearer, articles for use or its assembly (branch).The release of this potential can be converted to mechanical kinetic energy, electric energy or chemical kinetic energy with mechanical potential, electric potential, chemistry or hot potential, finishes this response function.Actuator can the amount of being transfused to the threshold level starting, finish response function to discharge potential, perhaps continuous response input quantity as follows.Potential can be stored with any way that is enough to keep/restrain before it at needs.Example comprises the battery that is unreacted reactant form and/or capacitor, material or structure, the material that reverses tension or the structure of elasticity tension, the material or the structure of compression tension, with the material that can finish physics or chemical action (for example, hygroscopic agent, emollient, PH buffer agent, enzyme inhibitor, feces modifier, Compressed Gas etc.).For example, compression foam has stored compressor mechanical potential, and can provide mechanical kinetic energy when it is released.Reverse foam and stored and reverse mechanical potential, when it is released, can provide mechanical kinetic energy promptly to rotatablely move.In addition, the chemical energy that is stored, electric energy or heat energy can be used to discharge electric energy, mechanical kinetic energy, chemistry or hot kinetic energy.The disposable product actuator can comprise one or more in following: the washing liquid of storage, feces modifier, enzyme inhibitor, PH buffer, dyestuff, gas-pressurized, compression foam, withdrawal device, electric quick gel, PH induction gel and/or salinity induction gel etc.

Perhaps, actuator 70 of the present invention can comprise that some are stored material, and it has execution or starts the ability that acts on the response function on Excreta, wearer, articles for use or its any constituent.For example, in one embodiment, actuator 70 can transmit the material that is stored of finishing response function.In this embodiment, the threshold level that actuator 70 can the amount of being transfused to starts, to transmit stored substance discontinuously in preset time.Actuator 70 for example can comprise washing liquid, skin care compositions, feces modifier, enzyme inhibitor, PH buffer agent, dyestuff of storage etc.In some preferred embodiment, the material as expansion elastomeric material, release gases at high pressure etc. can be transmitted by actuator 70.

In another embodiment, pick off and/or actuator can comprise closed-system liquid transfer part." closed-system liquid transfer part " or " Transmission Part " comprise the liquid filling part with entrance and exit, its along with in addition very a spot of liquid almost discharge liquid immediately in the exit in the reception of porch.The liquid that discharges from the exit can be used as the signal of an input pickup.For example, liquid can be water, and it is released when Transmission Part receives urine in the porch, and this is used for dissolving the mechanical energy that a sealing member is stored with release and forms the feces spatial accommodation.Perhaps, Transmission Part itself (for example can start actuator, mix with actor and to finish chemical action), perhaps (for example can carry out at least a portion start-up function, d/d water absorbs by being arranged on the intravital superabsorbent polymer of particular geometric, and this superabsorbent swelling polymer also forms the feces spatial accommodation).Liquid transfer by this Transmission Part is based on direct absorption, rather than capillarity.The zone transmission that liquid passes does not have a large amount of air (or other gas) can enter.The driving force that flow of liquid is crossed this Transmission Part can be formed by liquid tank (for example, capillarity or permeability absorbent structure) or the fluid supply with the Transmission Part fluid connection.Like this, the liquid transfer part must have high relatively permeability for liquids.

In Transmission Part, preferably have two zones at least, promptly have one or more ports zone of aperture, and have very wide-aperture interior zone with different apertures.The permeability of the interior zone of Transmission Part is than the permeability height (higher permeability for liquids provides less flow resistance) in port zone, and the port zone can be a part of outside/wall zone in restricted internal/major part zone.Be suitable for comprising fibrous structure as the non-limiting example of the high porosity rate material of interior zone material, it comprises polyolefin, PET, cellulose and cellulose-based fiber and porous open celled foam (as reticulated polymer foam, cellulose sponge, polyurethane foam and hipe foam).In one embodiment, the interior zone space is full of incoercible basically liquid basically fully.Term " complete basically " refers to a kind of like this state, and wherein enough spatial volume fulls of liquid of interior zone consequently can be set up a continuous-flow passage between entrance and exit.

In case the port zone of Transmission Part comprises the infiltration fluid transfer by the fluid transfer moistening then the material of impermeable ambient gas (resembling air).Usually, this material is described to barrier film, and it is restricted to the zone of permeation liquid, gas or the granule suspension in liquid or gas.Barrier film for example can comprise a micropore zone, to provide permeability for liquids by capillarity.In an alternative embodiment, barrier film can comprise the monolithic zone, this zone comprises the block copolymer by diffusion transport liquid.The membranous exemplary in port zone comprise cellulose acetate (as the exercise question of authorizing White on April 28th, 1992 for the United States Patent (USP) 5108383 of " barrier film that is used for absorbent device " disclosed), in EP-A-0451797 disclosed PET thin film, nitrocellulose barrier film, celluloid barrier film, PTFE barrier film, polyamide barrier film and polyester.Other suitable material is the polymer mesh fabric, as can be from Verseidag inGeldern-Waldbeck, and Germany, or from SEFAR in Ruschlikon, the netted thing of polyamide that Switzerland has bought or polyethylene.

Another kind of scheme is that actuator 70 can comprise electric quick gel.The quick gel of electricity is the polymeric gel net, and it has changed volume and/or geometry under electric current or effect of electric field when to the swelling of small part water.(for example, 0.5 volt/centimetre under) the effect, will stand about 50% anisotropic shrinkage at weak electric field when for example, certain partial ionization polyacrylamide gel is in immersing acetone and water.The electric quick gel of replacing can stand the electric induction bending under the situation that has water and surfactant, perhaps can experience the vibration wave motion when being subjected to vibrating electric field.Believe that by concentrating the positive charge surfactant molecule on the negative charge gel in electric field the part of gel one side of gel (for example) can cause local contraction.When a routine length reduces (for example, banded gel can curl), change the intensity of electric field and/or the motion that polarity causes gel.The quick gel of electricity can comprise different geometries, for example rectangle, circle, lattice etc., so that the valve of releasable material is provided, when changing volume and/or geometry, they allow body excretions to flow through, prevent that body excretions from flowing through, encapsulating body excretions etc.When feces humidity was detected, the quick gel of banded electricity for example can be bent, with transmission feces.In Figure 10 A and 10B, for example, be illustrated in the electric quick gel band in the circuit, wherein Excreta humidity can bridging contact 485, and allows electric current by electric quick gel, makes it crooked or stretch.Replacedly, when urine was detected, the electric quick gel (as Figure 11 A, 11B and 11C) that forms lattice can cause expansion or contraction by electricity, to form a valve, allows and/or prevent to urinate the other parts that flow to articles for use 20.For example, Figure 11 A illustrates the circuit that comprises electric quick gel network pattern.Figure 11 B and 11C further illustrate the view under the gel pucker ﹠ bloat state that microscopically sees respectively.A kind of typical material is weak crosslinked PAMPs gel (poly-(acrylamide-2-methylpropane) sulfonic acid).Such gel can be finished multiple function, and the work that for example applies or transmit chemical manure treating agent or play valve is in order to releasable material.Other typical electric quick gel is authorized among the United States Patent (USP) 5100933 of Tanaka and the WO9202005 in March 31 nineteen ninety and is described.Replacedly, adopt the PH induction gel or the salinity that under specific pH value or salinity, change volume and/or geometry respectively to respond to gel as actuator of the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention can comprise one or more proactive sensors and one or more actuator 70.By detected input signal before approaching incident, the responding system in the articles for use can be activated, so that prepare for this incident.This structural feature that allows articles for use is that the Excreta treatment technology " stashes " or unshowy at the beginning, but just before use or can obtain this articles for use when needing.Regardless of specific input, the proactive sensor among these embodiment can start actuator and apply effect to give body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its assembly (branch), is preparing of this incident.For example, if an approaching defecation or urinate is detected by the electroactive of outside anal sphincter, system preferably is activated (being that responding system is started) by the signal relevant with the reflexive of anal sphincter.Actuator can be implemented such as following function then: handle wearers skin to prevent or to reduce skin irritation; Prepare the body excretions blood processor by starting feces spatial separation thing; Open valve and flow into storage device to allow urine; Discharge enzyme inhibitor, skin care compositions, pH value controlling agent or other skin treatment means as known in the art.

Actuator 70 can be placed in any part of disposable product and/or with it and operationally link to each other, and this will allow actuator to finish to affact the response function on body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its assembly.In articles for use 20, for example, actuator 70 can be placed in front waist region 36, back waist region 38 or the crotch district 37 of articles for use, and can be integrally formed with the parts such as assembly, top flat 24, egative film 26, absorbent article core 28, lateral plate 30, leg cuff 32, waist spare 34, fixation kit 40, longitudinal edge 50 or end edge 52 of main body 22, near or the position that is connected.Actuator 70 also can be accommodated in the articles for use as articles for use 20 fully, can have to place the part in the articles for use and place the outer part of articles for use, perhaps can be placed the outside of articles for use 20 fully.Actuator 70 or its part can operationally be linked to each other with the other parts of one or more pick offs 60, one or more controller 80, actuator 70 or the other parts of articles for use 20.Further, actuator 70 can form one with articles for use 20, perhaps can be installed by care-giver or wearer.

Articles for use 20 also can comprise controller 80." controller " is defined as a kind of device for this application, and this device receives from pick off and imports and determine whether to take one or more actions.This controller can affact response function on body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its assembly from pick off 60 received signals and indication actuator 70.Replacedly, actuator 70 can receive direct signal from pick off 60, and response function is affacted on wearer, Excreta, articles for use or its assembly.Controller can comprise the material that stands chemistry or physical change, can be chemistry, machinery or electric installation, and it handles the information from pick off etc.For example, in the articles for use of the compression plasticity foamed materials that encapsulates or limit with humidity solubilized bag under having vacuum, pick off 60 can comprise humidity solubilized bag.The physics and the chemical feature of the decision thin film that how many input quantities must exist before Film Fractionation, be that the type of polymer and thickness etc. are as controller, and the threshold level of decision input quantity, before controller 80 permission actuators 70 release energy stored are with the action response function, must reach the input quantity threshold level.Actuator 70 is combinations of compression foam and vacuum loss, and its mechanical energy that allows compression foam to store is released.In this embodiment, controller 80 is as disposable (one-time) switch.Yet, can receive and monitor a plurality of signals of telecommunication from the electric controller 80 of pick off 60 received signals (for example wearer's muscle is electroactive), and the repeated starting actuator.Controller can be integrally formed with sensor cluster, actuator, or a separation assembly of this system.

Controller 80 can place any part of disposable product and/or operationally be attached thereto, and articles for use allow controller 80 to provide signal from pick off 60 received signals and to actuator 70.In articles for use 20, for example, controller 80 can be positioned at front waist region 36, back waist region 38 or the crotch district 37 of articles for use 20, and can be formed by integral body, can be integrally formed with the parts such as assembly, top flat 24, egative film 26, absorbent article core 28, lateral plate 30, leg cuff 32, waist spare 34, fixation kit 40, longitudinal edge 50 or end edge 52 of main body 22, near or the position that is connected.Controller 80 can be integrally formed with articles for use 20, perhaps installed by care-giver or wearer.Controller 80 can be included in the articles for use as articles for use 20 fully, can have to place the part in the articles for use and place the outer part of articles for use, perhaps can be placed the outside of articles for use 20 fully.The part of controller 80 or controller 80 can be operably connected to the other parts of one or more pick offs 60, one or more actuator 70, this controller 80 or the other parts of articles for use 20.Controller 80 for example can receive the signal from pick off 60, and signal is provided for actuator 70, for example passes through radio frequency transmission.

Although different structural members can be finished the function of pick off 60, actuator 70 and controller 80, the function of pick off 60 of the present invention, actuator 70 and/or controller 80 needn't be finished by different structural members.The function of pick off 60 and controller 80 for example can be realized by same structure spare (as contacting the thin film that just dissolves with the Excreta component).In this embodiment, thin film is as a pick off, and with the input component response of body excretions.The physics and the chemical feature of the decision thin film that how many input quantities must exist before Film Fractionation, be that the type of polymer and thickness etc. are as controller, and the threshold level of decision input quantity, before controller permission actuator release energy stored is with the action response function, must satisfy the input quantity threshold level.In another embodiment, responding system can comprise closed-system liquid transfer part, and it receives in the porch and transmits agent discontinuously such as the input of urine and in the exit of Transmission Part, as skin care compositions and methods, PH controlling agent or enzyme inhibitor.In this embodiment, Transmission Part plays the effect of pick off (that is, receiving urine) and actuator (that is, transmitting agent to Excreta to be processed, wearer, articles for use and assembly thereof on one's own initiative).In addition, closed-system liquid transfer part can further play the effect of the controller of the required threshold level of determining input.For example, the liquid transfer part of closed-system ingress port receive urine and discharge from the outlet port as the embodiment of liquid with the soluble membrane of dissolving maintenance compression elastic material of water, closed-system liquid transfer part plays the effect of pick off and controller.In this embodiment, Transmission Part is by receiving the effect that urine plays receiving element, and the permeability of ingress port or outlet port can play the effect of controller and determined the threshold quantity of required liquid before Transmission Part sends liquid to soluble membrane.

Articles for use 20 of the present invention preferably include discontinuous responsive system.For this application aims, " responding system " is defined as a kind of system, this system comprises pick off 60 and actuator 70, and when pick off 60 detected suitable startup input, this actuator acted on body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its one or more assemblies.When detecting given input parameter, actuator 70 is realized the release of storage power or the release or the transmission of storage material, to realize response function, promptly acts on body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its one or more assemblies in discontinuous mode.

Responding system can " continuously " or " discontinuous " mode respond.Refer to a kind of responding system as " the continuous response system " that adopts in this application scenario, wherein export the amount that on amount, depends on input, promptly need the input quantity that increases continuously to realize the output that increases continuously, perhaps the output of responding system comprises the passive release of storage material.Superabsorbent polymer in the articles for use absorbent article core for example provides successive response, wherein export the amount that on amount, depends on input, promptly when the liquid discharges amount that increases contacted the superabsorbent polymer, the polymer receiving fluids of recruitment was till using up the polymer capacity.Stoichiometric chemical reaction is to have another example that continuous response increases the system of output.For example, in reaction A+ excessive B → C, the amount of excessive B that is converted into C is by stoichiometry, so the quantity of the A that obtains in " continuously " and the system is relevant.An example of continuous response system is authorized people's such as Gary D.Lavon exercise question and is described among the United States Patent (USP) NO.5330459 of " disposable absorbent article with inflatable spacer " on July 19th, 1994, wherein when as urine the liquid contact when comprising the material of gas inflatable spacer by stoichiometric chemical reaction expansion with space that storage feces is provided (a kind of continuous response system).Another example of continuous response system is authorized people's such as Schroder exercise question for describing in the United States Patent (USP) 4246900 of " diaper that comprises humidity responsive sealing device " on January 27th, 1981, wherein, disposable product dissolves thin film by the liquid as urine and discharges the leg cuff that remains under the extended mode and improve conformability with the wearer.Yet, no matter how material itself is released, the responding system that discharges storage material passively provides successive reaction usually, this is because the real response function that acts on body excretions, wearer, articles for use or their assembly (branchs) is realized by material, rather than by the release realization of material.Like this, no matter material is the given input of response discharges continuously, still when detecting the threshold level of a given input in indivedual discontinuous releases of time, the response function that is undertaken by releasable material is implemented, so that the amount that need increase continuously input realizes the recruitment of output continuously, till material is released to the greatest extent.

Yet " discontinuous responsive system " of the present invention refers to a kind of responding system, and it has basically and the input quantity that exceeds threshold level output function independently.For example, when satisfying the threshold level of one or more given inputs, responding system will discharge all energy of its storage or the predetermined portions of its storage power, perhaps, carry (promptly initiatively transmitting) all energy of its storage or the predetermined portions of its storage power, to realize specific response function.In desirable embodiment of the present invention, output function f (x) comprises " notch cuttype " function shown in Fig. 7 A.In this embodiment, when input quantity is greater than or less than threshold level, the rate of change (d (output)/d (input)) of the output that increases along with input quantity, promptly slope or the first derivative of output function f (x) preferably are substantially zero.At the threshold level place, rate of change d (output)/d (input) is preferably near unlimited.Like this, in ideal discontinuous responsive, the limit of function f (x-ε) is not equal to the limit of function f (x+ ε) when ε → 0 when ε → 0, promptly

\lim_{ϵ &RightArrow; 0} f (x - ϵ) &NotEqual; \lim_{ϵ &RightArrow; 0} f (x + ϵ)

Yet the present invention recognizes in the objective world, and it is unnecessary changing in threshold level step of ideal moment, and in many cases or even impossible.In a preferred embodiment, only need output function in the step variation of importing threshold level or having a reality around this threshold level along with the very little variation of input quantity.Like this, the present invention plans to have such discontinuous responsive system, that is, its output function responds in abundant discontinuous mode in transitional region, so that has minimum at least relative steepness at this transitional region output function.Although without wishing to be held to the ad hoc approach of discontinuous system described or demonstration, but determining given output function whether with in order to realize in the method for optimizing that abundant discontinuous mode that purpose of the present invention is limited carries out, the relative slope of the line between the slope of the curve of output at flex point place and first and rearmost point in transitional region compares.For example, Fig. 8 A illustrates the derivative of this typical case's output function of typical output function f (x) and alignment, promptly first derivative f ' (x), second dervative f " (x) and the curve of three order derivative f (x).Output function f (x) expresses the influence of input (X or I) to output or response (R (I)).For the purposes of the present invention, transitional region is defined in the second dervative f of output function f (x) " (x) relative maximum R (I ₁) and minima R (I ₂) between the zone.Relative maximum R (I ₁) and minima R (I ₂) be the null points of three order derivative f (x).Flex point I ₀Be defined in second dervative f in the transitional region " (x) null point, that is,

\frac{d^{2} R}{{dI}^{2}} |_{I = I_{0}} = 0

The comparison of the slope of the slope of flex point place output function and the line between first of transitional region and rearmost point is described by following equation:

\frac{dR}{dI} |_{I = I_{0}} = k \frac{(Δ R_{T})}{({ΔI}_{T})}

In this equation, the dR/dI at flex point place is the first derivative of output function at this point.Term Δ I _TFirst I that is meant in transitional region ₁With rearmost point I ₂Between the variation of responding system input quantity, i.e. I ₂-I ₁, term Δ R _TFirst I that is meant in transitional region ₁With rearmost point I ₂Between the variation of response output function, i.e. R (I ₂)-R (I ₁).Coefficient k is a proportionality constant, and it is described in flex point I ₀The slope of the output function at place and first I of transitional region ₁With rearmost point I ₂Between the slope of line between relative steepness.For responding system has discontinuous output function, it is about 2.0 that proportionality constant k must be at least, preferably be at least about 3.0, more preferably at least about 5.0, even more preferably at least about 10.0, the most preferred at least about 100.0.

In certain embodiments, the transfer function simulation of the control system that the relative steepness in the transitional region of discontinuous responsive system also can be by having a series of Integer n, the first order postpones to have equal time constant.For the purposes of the present invention, the transfer function of responding system is defined as the Laplace transformation ratio between output (response changes) and the input (interference variations).For example see McGraw Hill in 1984, " Perry handbook (sixth version) the 22nd chapter that Robert H Perry that Inc. publishes and Don Green collaborate.As shown in Fig. 8 B, the relative steepness of output function can be approx by following formulate: KG (s)=K/ (Ts+1) ⁿ, wherein KG (s) is a transfer function, and K is the ratio composition, and T is the time constant of system, and n is the integer of first order time delay.In this pattern, when Integer n increases, increase in the steepness of the output function of transitional region, this pattern begins to be similar to discontinuous responsive system.When n more than or equal to about 25 the time, discontinuous responsive systems more of the present invention can be by above-mentioned formula simulation, n more than or equal to about 50 o'clock more preferably, n is more than or equal to about 100 o'clock most preferably.

Shown in Fig. 7 A, responding system of the present invention can comprise a threshold level, can discharge its all storage power at this threshold level responding system and finish a specific response function, perhaps can comprise a plurality of threshold levels, a predetermined portions that can discharge its storage power in the threshold level system is to realize one or more specific response functions at each threshold level.For example in the embodiment with a threshold level, responding system can discharge its all storage power to realize whole response function when reaching threshold level.In this embodiment with a threshold level, discontinuous responsive system comprises having as opening or closing the system of two states.When the input threshold level amount as body excretions occurred in absorbent device, responding system can for example wrap up Excreta away from wearer's skin Excreta, wearer, articles for use or its assembly or response function of component effect.Like this, the effect that this discontinuous responsive system can be implemented disposable " similar switch ", this similar switch under the situation that the input threshold level occurs from a change of state to another state.

Replacedly, shown in Fig. 7 B, responding system can have a plurality of threshold levels, and when reaching each threshold level, system can discharge given energy " quantum " or transmit given quantity of material to realize specific response function.In this embodiment, when reaching each threshold level, the part effect of whole response function can be realized, and/or different independent response functions can be realized according to the different threshold levels that reached.For example, responding system can be monitored fecal enzymes, when reaching each threshold value enzyme level, can transmit the enzyme inhibitor of identical or different quantity, or the storaging piece of expansion or expansion articles for use, or the first threshold level transmit a kind of PH slow in agent and carry out another kind of response function at second threshold level, as transmit some enzyme inhibitors.In each transitional region, responding system make basically with the single threshold level embodiment that describes in the above in the identical reaction of transitional region.

In addition, a responding system can be monitored a plurality of inputs as humidity and/or one or more fecal enzymes, so that carry out one or more response functions when reaching the threshold level of different inputs, perhaps when different two or more threshold levels of importing reach, only carry out a response function.Like this, controller can be monitored a plurality of different inputs, and can carry out different response functions when reaching different input threshold level.Replacedly, but controller actuating logic disjunction gate type function, so that when reaching one or more threshold level of a plurality of inputs, carry out response function.Controller also can actuating logic " with door " type function, consequently execution response function when reaching each threshold level of two or more different inputs.

In one embodiment of the invention, the body excretions spacer assembly is included in the compression elastic material that keeps compression in the bag, and its at least a portion can be water-soluble.Preferably, compression elastic material keeps vacuum compression in this bag.When the humidity of threshold level (that is, input) dissolving can water-soluble zone a part and when discharging vacuum discontinuously, compression material expands, that is, volume increase to output, and one or more body excretions are finished response function.Compression material for example, can be the elastoplast foam with formingspace, and it has enough volumes and obtains feces when expanding.The body excretions spacer assembly can be arranged in the articles for use 20 near wearer's anus, makes can obtain as the body excretions of feces when it can expand and store Excreta and make it away from wearers skin.Another kind of scheme is that compression material can be a hygroscopic material, along with it expands, by liquid being sucked the effect of self playing withdrawal device.Fig. 9 A-9C for example, the big tissue elasticity foam of the high porosity of aforesaid compression can be contained in thin film, strip of paper used for sealing, bag or the capsule with soluble fraction 392 and insoluble backing 393 at least.Fig. 9 A illustrates the exemplary mechanical withdrawal device of the present invention.Fig. 9 B shows structural feces, the structure after Fig. 9 C shows feces and is absorbed.Preferably, compression foam is maintained under the vacuum.When the liquid such as urine, menstruation or feces humidity contact soluble membrane, Film Fractionation also makes compression foam expand and along with its expansion liquid is sucked foam.In one embodiment, hygroscopic material can comprise a plurality of independent vacuum-packed tissues so that keep the excremental suction of lower floor.

In the body excretions spacer assembly shown in Fig. 2 and 3, compression material 94 can comprise any elastic foam with proper compression and recovery characteristic, make it can compress and remain in the bag 92, and after restraining forces loosens, can also recover its most of elemental height, preferably at least about 75%.At least the part of bag 92 comprises solvable district or solvable strip of paper used for sealing.Solvable district or strip of paper used for sealing contact can be dissolved as water, urine, fecal enzymes etc.Bag 92 preferably remains on the vacuum compression state with compression material 94, fully dissolves (that is the threshold level that, detects water) and till when discharging vacuum discontinuously up to the part in the solvable district of bag 92.In case expand, foamy rigidity also is preferably the weight that for example is enough to bear the baby, thus make foam can obviously not compress (the preferred compressed amount is less than 50%) and if the baby be sitting in that foam can not discharge the Excreta of obtaining on this device.Can be from Foamex Corporation of Eddystone, the eva foam that is designated SIF/210PPI or Aquazone 80A that Pennylvania buys or from Sentinel ProductsCorporation of Hyannis, MA buys is designated MC1900EVA 2lb/ft ³Eva foam or the foam described in the following patent can be used as the United States Patent (USP) 5260345 that feces obtains compression material 94:1993 and November 9 authorized being entitled as of people such as DesMarais " be used for the hygroscopic foam material of aqueous body fluids and contain the absorbent device of this material "; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 5387207 of people such as Dyer " be used for thin (thin-until-wet) hygroscopic foam material before the moistening of aqueous body fluids and make the method for this material " in February 7 nineteen ninety-five; Authorize being entitled as of people such as DesMarais the United States Patent (USP) 5625222 of " being used for liquid, aqueous hygroscopic foam material " by having in high water-oil factor high to what emulsion was made with on July 22nd, 1997.As shown in Figure 2, compression material 94 can comprise hole open when compression material 94 is compressed.When compression material 94 expanded, the periphery that the hole is compressed material 94 surrounded, as shown in Figure 3.This makes the Excreta be acquired or seal in the hole of compression material and away from wearers skin.Another kind of scheme is, as shown in Figure 4, compression material 94 can have the hole as the opening of distance piece, and provides and have enough volumetrical space and store the body excretions that is deposited in the articles for use 20.This makes compression material 94 can accept the multiple harm of body excretions after expanding.

Bag 92 is soluble under the situation that has one or more dissimilar inputs (as water, urine, fecal enzymes, pH value etc.), and can have the physics that is designed to set the input threshold level that needs the dissolving bag and/or chemical feature (as, thickness).Dissolving bag 92, for example, can comprise can be water-soluble thin film, as Chris-Craft Industrial Products, Inc.of South Holland, the product that IL provides are called MONOSOL M7031 thin film, or H.B.Fuller CompanyofSt.Paul, the PVA thin film of the product that MN provides HL1636 by name or HL1669-X.The thickness of thin film for example can change the startup that provides required.The thickness of used thin film is in 0.0005 to 0.0015 inch scope for example.Thickness be about 0.001 inch HL 1636 thin film can use-case according to appointment the humidity of 0.049 gram/square inch start.

In this embodiment, body excretions spacer assembly 90 is worked as non-modulation, discontinuous responding system.The soluble fraction of bag 92 plays the effect of the pick off of the specific input of response.Pick off can respond water in the urine for example or the enzyme in the feces.When the urine of any soluble fraction contact threshold level of bag 92, fecal water or fecal enzymes, the soluble fraction dissolving of bag 92 also discharges compression material, compression material expand and obtain, around or seal the feces that is deposited on the articles for use 20.Be used to form the physics of bag 92 material and threshold level that chemical feature defines input and play the effect of the controller of determining when compression material 94 discharges.When bag dissolved, the effect of actuator was played in the expansion of the release of vacuum and compression material 94, to obtain body excretions.Therefore, body excretions spacer assembly 90 discharges the mechanical energy of compression material 94 storages as disposable discontinuous switch when detecting the threshold level of given input.The useful energy of responding system comprises: (energy of storage)-(hysteresis loss).Used compression material 94 preferably has minimum hysteresis loss and maximum response rate.More preferably, the hysteresis loss of compression makes that less than about 25% the response rate after discharging is at least about 75%.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the foam of describing in above example or other elastomeric material can reverse and produce and reverse mechanical potential and be encapsulated in aforesaid soluble membrane, strip of paper used for sealing, bag or the capsule.Preferably, elasticity of torsion material remains on elasticity of torsion state under the vacuum condition in soluble membrane, strip of paper used for sealing, bag or capsule.In this embodiment, when the humidity that detects threshold level, PH etc., thin film or capsule dissolves discharge vacuum discontinuously and discharge foam.The mechanical potential that reverses of storage makes that foam launches also can finish response function, for example stores, obtains or hold back such as body excretions such as feces, urine or menstruations, and the wiping wearer's skin applies skin-care agent etc. to wearer's skin.

In another embodiment, electric transducer can detect the electroactive variation of the outside anal sphincter of wearer to predict approaching urinating and/or defecation (that is proactive sensor).In case detect the reduction of the electroactive threshold signal of muscle, pick off or controller can (for example) trigger opening of valve and discharge that water dissolves the bag of supporting compression foam as mentioned above under the vacuum compression state can water-soluble part or strip of paper used for sealing, prepare to obtain approaching urinating and/or the Excreta of defecation.Perhaps, switch can be finished the release of skin care compositions, to handle skin surface before feces contact skin.In this embodiment, responding system is discontinuous system, when the electroactive outside anal sphincter of this system responses wearer electroactive when reaching the threshold signal level.Perhaps, controller can trigger actuator and carry starting current and it is closed to anal sphincter, when the wearer carries out the defecation preparation.

In another embodiment, discontinuous responsive system of the present invention can transmit (that is active transportation) agent and finish response function to body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its assembly.In this embodiment, actuator 70 for example can comprise elasticity of compression foam or closed-system liquid transfer part, transmits agent when sensor arrives the input of threshold level.Agent can comprise for example skin care compositions, enzyme inhibitor, PH controlling agent etc.

In an embodiment again, the aqueous electrolyte of capacity (as from urine or feces) moisture therein forms the loop (promptly, as switch) time detected by electric transducer, produces to come from the electric current in stored energy source (as battery) and suppress chemical reaction such as phase transformation.For example, electric current can affact on the electric quick gel, and the void space that makes it change geometry and form storage feces in articles for use.

In the further embodiment of the present invention, expansible hygroscopic material can be used as pick off behind the absorption liquid, and when the expansion of threshold level took place, mechanically closed a pair of electrical contact was to form complete circuit.In this embodiment, circuit triggers actuator and finishes the response function that acts on body excretions, wearer, articles for use or its assembly with discontinuous state.For example, actuator can be opened valve and make liquid flow to the other parts of articles for use, liquid is drawn into the other parts of articles for use, in the quick colloid of electricity, starts geometry and change and change geometry and form void space, discharge skin care compositions, PH controlling agent or deodorizer etc.

Such as fiber, thin film, non-woven fleece or other cyto-architectural material also can by by the materials limitations of body excretions (as feces) or its component reaction in given structure.When body excretions contacted with constraint material, constraint material can discharge fiber, thin film, non-woven fleece or other cellularity to be obtained or isolated Excreta, makes it away from wearers skin.The elastic barrier thing for example can be by the material of response urine, fecal water or fecal enzymes dissolving, reduction suffers restraints and away from the void space in the articles for use at two points.When feces was deposited in the void space, constraint material was in an obligatory point or the dissolving of two obligatory points, and the elastic barrier thing shrinks in discontinuous mode and covers void space and make feces and wearers skin isolation.Perhaps, discontinuous responding system can improve the suitability to the wearer by the elastomeric material that adding is subjected to as shank or waist closes up, these elastomeric materials remain on swelling state by soluble constraint material on two different obligatory points, make that when constraint material is dissolved elastomeric material can shrink and form with wearers skin and seal on an obligatory point or two obligatory points.

In another embodiment, pick off (as enzyme degradable films or capsule, or aforesaid biosensor) detects one or more fecal enzymes, triggers independent actuator (as, electricity operation valve) and transmits enzyme inhibitor and handle skin.Exemplary enzyme inhibitor is open in the U.S. Patent application 09/041266 that is entitled as " disposable absorbent article with skin care compositions of enzyme-containing inhibitor " of application on March 12nd, 1998, and this patent is quoted as a reference herein.In another embodiment, adopt PH induction gel detection to certain PH condition, gel can be opened valve and discharge the PH controlling agent and handle skin.In another embodiment, detect predetermined pressure threshold, it causes breaking of capsule or " bubble ", influences the release of skin protectant or compositions.Exemplary skin care compositions (or lotion) is open in following patent: the United States Patent (USP) 5607760 that is entitled as " disposable absorbent article that contains the lotion-treated top flat of profit agent skin and polyol polyester fixative " of authorizing Roe on March 4th, 1997; On March 11st, 1997 authorize Donald C.Roe be entitled as " diaper that comprises the lotion-treated top flat of liquid polyester polyol emollient and fixative " United States Patent (USP) 5609587; Authorize people's such as Donald C.Roe the United States Patent (USP) 5635191 that is entitled as " diaper that contains the lotion-treated top flat of silicone emollients " on June 3rd, 1997; Authorize the United States Patent (USP) 5643588 of " diaper " with lotion-treated top flat on July 1st, 1997; U.S. Patent application 08/926532 and 08/926533, above-mentioned each patent or patent application are quoted as a reference herein.

Although described specific embodiment of the present invention and/or individual characteristics, should be understood that under the prerequisite that does not exceed spirit and scope of the invention those skilled in the art can carry out various improvement to the present invention.For example, be described, the invention is not restricted to this embodiment although the present invention is directed to disposable diaper.The articles for use that the present invention also can be used for for example directly putting on wearer's articles for use before applying disposable diaper or replaces disposable diaper are used for pull-on diaper, diaper insert, sanitary towel, tampon etc.So additional claims plan to cover all such modifications and improvement in the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. a disposable product that is used for the wearer is characterized in that, described articles for use comprise:

(a) responding system comprises:

(i) be operably connected to the pick off of described articles for use, described pick off is suitable for detecting input; And

(ii) be operably connected to the actuator of described pick off, when described sensor arrived described input, described actuator was suitable for carrying out response function in discontinuous mode.

2. disposable product as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, but also comprises the top flat of transflective liquid, with the egative film that described top flat links to each other, places the absorbent article core between at least a portion top flat and at least a portion egative film.

3. each described disposable product in the claim as described above is characterized in that described pick off is proactive sensor and/or is suitable for being fixed on the wearer.

4. each described disposable product in the claim as described above, it is characterized in that, also comprise controller, described controller is suitable for receiving and allows from the signal of described pick off and when reaching the threshold level of described input or start described actuator and finish described response function.

5. each described disposable product in the claim as described above is characterized in that described pick off, described actuator and/or described controller are different elements.

6. each described disposable product in the claim as described above is characterized in that, when described sensor during to second threshold level of described input, described actuator is suitable for finishing second response function in discontinuous mode.

7. as 6 described disposable products in the claim, it is characterized in that described second response function is different from described response function.

8. each described disposable product in the claim as described above is characterized in that also comprise second pick off and/or second actuator, wherein said second pick off is suitable for detecting second input; And/or when described second sensor was imported to described second, described actuator or described second actuator were suitable for finishing the second sound function in discontinuous mode; Or when described second sensor arrived second threshold level of described input, described actuator was suitable for finishing the second sound function in discontinuous mode.

9. each described disposable product in the claim as described above is characterized in that described discontinuous responsive system comprises the stepped ramp type responding system.

10. each described disposable product in the claim as described above, it is characterized in that described response function comprises select in the following group one or more: with potential be converted into kinetic energy, transmit storage material, transmit active component, to wearer's skin transmit storage material, to body excretions transmit storage material, hold back feces, seal feces, void space be provided, and extract liquid body excretions.

11. the described disposable product of each in the claim as described above, it is characterized in that, described actuator is suitable for transforming potential so that finish described response function, and described potential is one or more for what select from organize down: chemical energy, electric energy stored and the battery of the mechanical energy of storage, the mechanical energy of compression, the mechanical energy of reversing, storage.

12. the described disposable product of each in the claim is characterized in that as described above, described pick off is from selecting the group down: electric transducer, mechanical pick-up device, chemical sensor, water-soluble thin film, water-soluble PH sensor film and closed-system liquid transfer part.

13. the described disposable product of each in the claim as described above, it is characterized in that described actuator is from selecting the group down: vacuum release, compression elastic material, constrain in vacuum-packed compression elastic material, a plurality of independent vacuum-packed tissue, electric quick gel, PH induction gel, salinity induction gel and closed-system liquid transfer part that can water-soluble thin film.

14. the described disposable product of each in the claim is characterized in that as described above, described input is from selecting the group down: pressure, water, PH, electroactive and enzyme.

15. the described disposable product of each in the claim is characterized in that as described above, finishes described response function, makes the output function of described responding system be modulated by following equation:

\frac{dR}{dI} |_{I = I_{0}} = k \frac{(Δ R_{T})}{(Δ I_{T})}

Wherein, described constant k is more than or equal to the value of selecting from following group: about 2.0, about 3.0, about 5.0, about 10.0 or about 100.

16. the described disposable product of each in the claim is characterized in that as described above, finishes described response function, makes the output function of described responding system be modulated by the control system of the transfer function with following equation: KG (s)=K/ (Ts+1) ⁿ, wherein said n value is more than or equal to about 25, about 50 or about 100.

17. the described disposable product of each in the claim is characterized in that as described above, described articles for use are from selecting the group down: diaper, training pants, sanitary towel, tampon and colostomy bag.

18. the described disposable product of each in the claim is characterized in that as described above, described pick off comprises can water-soluble thin film, and described actuator comprises the compressor mechanical energy of the elastomeric material of compression vacuum sealing.

19. the described disposable product of each in the claim is characterized in that as described above, described pick off is suitable for detecting the input relevant with body excretions; Described actuator comprises the compression elastic material that constrains in the vacuum seal thin film, and when described sensor arrived described body excretions, it was suitable for absorbing or encapsulating described body excretions.