CN1547282A - Control method, controller and system for preventing accumulator from overdischarge - Google Patents
Control method, controller and system for preventing accumulator from overdischarge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a method for preventing the overdischarge of the accumulator, and the controller and the system. The invention is a method adjusting the load power or the load working period automatically by at least two residue capacitance points on the accumulator, it prevents the overdishcarge of accumulator and it can make the accumulator run all along, the accumulator won't be shut off because of the underpressure of the accumulator. The invention is applicable to all lead acid accumulators, and which has no high reliable power charging system, such as solar electricity generating system and the wind power electricity generating system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to use battery-driven field, particularly a kind of controller and system that prevents the control method of lead acid accumulator overdischarge and use this method.
Background technology
Lead acid accumulator is as stabilized power supply and main DC power supply, and because of technical maturity, stable performance and occupied 75% of secondary cell market is widely used in all trades and professions such as automobile, communication, electric power, finance, the energy.In a lot of fields, lead acid accumulator is to use as starting power supply or stand-by power supply, as automobile starting storage battery and ups power system.In this case, storage battery is in the floating charge state or is full of the state of electricity, its residual capacity or state-of-charge SOC (State of Charge) are higher than 90% all the time, and have highly reliable, in case the charge power supply that battery overdischarge just can be full of storage battery rapidly.Storage battery is not easy by overdischarge under this service condition very much.But in other fields, as wind generator system and solar photovoltaic generation system, the capacity of charge power supply generally is designed to be complementary with the gauge load of system, and the variation of weather and user's excessive electricity consumption all is easy to cause the overdischarge of storage battery.
All use the system of storage battery all can be furnished with the controller that prevents overcharge of a battery and overdischarge, as shown in Figure 1, control method for the employed battery controller of existing solar photovoltaic generation system (or wind generator system), at step S1, the SOC value of storage battery is for just often being electric, the SOC that is storage battery is more than 90%, or is electric during full capacity, the gauge load that this load is complementary for the capacity with charge power supply; At step S2, when the SOC of storage battery value is 10%, disconnecting consumers, owing to be to be this gauge load power supply always, the charge power supply of solar photovoltaic generation system (or wind generator system) can not guarantee in time to be charge in batteries again because of weather conditions, therefore the discharging current of storage battery in discharge process is bigger, therefore capacity also just drops to 10% very soon, can only send the overdischarge warning this moment, simultaneously load is cut off, be that storage battery is initially located in the power shortage state, and load is in disabled state; When step S3, when possessing charge condition, be charge in batteries, when sun-drenched weather occurring after at continuous cloudy day (or under continuous calm situation, the bigger weather of wind-force appears), begin to be charge in batteries, owing to be to be in long power shortage state at storage battery, therefore generally needed it could be full of in 3-5 days, and in order to make load restoration work (as when load is street lamp as early as possible, need make street lamp recover illumination as early as possible), usually the capacity at storage battery only reaches at 50% o'clock (as to its charging after 1.5-2.5 days) just is electric again.As seen, the control method of the employed battery controller of existing solar photovoltaic generation system (or wind generator system), avoiding the technical of storage battery generation overdischarge, only adopt point type control, promptly only drop to below 10% at the residual capacity SOC of storage battery, (Deep ofDischarge DOD=1-SOC) surpasses at 90% o'clock and just sends overdischarge warning and disconnecting consumers at the depth of discharge DOD of storage battery in other words conj.or perhaps.
Because existing lead acid accumulator control method has only taken place under the situation of overdischarge (SOC≤10%) at storage battery, just control, so can produce following deficiency: one, storage battery is always the gauge load power supply that has designed, thereby discharging current is bigger always, be easy to arrive the overdischarge point, cause load to be forced to soon disconnect, influence the operate as normal of load; Two, because storage battery is easy to arrive the overdischarge point, do not have highly reliable charge power supply again, it is longer that storage battery is in time of power shortage state or deep discharge state (SOC≤50%); Three, with limited charge power supply, wind power generation or solar power generation etc. are subjected to the bigger charge power supply of weather effect, the storage battery that deep discharge takes place is for a long time charged again, generally needed it could be full of in 3-5 days, in order to recover power supply as early as possible to load, usually when the capacity of storage battery reaches 50%, just begin power supply again, thus the time that deep discharge takes place storage battery once more can shorten, thereby cause can shortening for the time of electric.Three, use under the condition of capacity≤50% of storage battery, be easy to cause the irreversible sulfation of storage battery, thereby shorten its useful life, the frequency that causes changing storage battery increases, and uses the cost of storage battery to rise.
As previously mentioned, existing lead acid accumulator charging-discharging controller and use battery-driven solar energy power generating and wind generator system also can produce aforementioned deficiency inevitably because of the control method that has adopted aforementioned storage battery.
Summary of the invention
For control method, lead acid accumulator charging-discharging controller that solves existing lead acid accumulator and the deficiency of using the battery-powered system of lead acid storage battery, the present invention proposes a kind of control method that prevents the lead acid accumulator overdischarge, and use the controller and the control system of this control method.
The method that the control method that prevents the lead acid accumulator overdischarge proposed by the invention mainly is a kind of residual capacity according to storage battery (SOC) or relevant voltage carries out automatic or multiple spot discharge control at 2 to storage battery.Be forced to cut off load when promptly not waiting until storage battery generation overdischarge (capacity drops to below 10%) again, but in the residual capacity (being relevant voltage) of storage battery when dropping to a certain degree, just begin automatically the load of storage battery suitably to be turned down or operating time of load is suitably shortened, make storage battery overdischarge can not take place generally speaking, and load also all the time all at work, and only the power of operating time or load changes in allowed band to some extent.And under special situation, as after using method of the present invention to turn load down step by step according to the capacity of storage battery, it is charge in batteries that weather condition does not still allow charge power supply, then the present invention also has the function of existing storage battery control method, i.e. when deep discharge has taken place storage battery (capacity drops to below 10%), send the overdischarge warning, simultaneously disconnecting consumers.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of control method that prevents battery overdischarge may further comprise the steps:
(1) capacity of storage battery is for just often being the gauge load power supply;
(2) detect the residual capacity of storage battery in real time;
(3) whether the detected residual capacity of comparison step (2) equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being that then reducing load is first default the load;
(4) whether the residual capacity of judging described storage battery is described battery overdischarge point capability value, if comparative result is for being then to cut off load.
Adopt method of the present invention, before storage battery arrives its overdischarge point, dropped to before 10% as SOC, just begin to take measures to reduce the velocity of discharge of storage battery, this measure is default residual capacity value, as default residual capacity value, promptly the first default residual capacity value is 50%, detects the SOC of storage battery in real time, works as SOC=50%, reduce the number of the usefulness electric loading that is connected, power, operating time, a plurality of residual capacity values perhaps are set, promptly first, second, the 3rd default residual capacity value is respectively 70%, 50%, 20%, detect the SOC of storage battery in real time, when its SOC is followed successively by 70%, 50%, 20%, reduce the number of the usefulness electric loading connected step by step, power, operating time.
Method of the present invention comprises also whether real-time judge possesses the step of charge condition, if judged result is for being, then is charge in batteries, and in battery capacity for just often being that gauge load is powered.
Pass through said method, when reducing, battery capacity in time turned load down, and charge condition was with in the past the same, make the capacity of storage battery be able to rapid recovery, and can continue power supply for gauge load, avoided the overdischarge and the irreversible sulfation of storage battery, made storage battery be in shallow discharge or floating charge state always, thereby prolonged the useful life of storage battery greatly; On the other hand, in the control procedure only in allowed band number, power and the operating time to load adjust, not because battery overdischarge and mandatory cut-out load we can say that power supply all not have interruption has all the time improved the reliability of system.
The present invention also provides a kind of accumulator cell charging and discharging controller that uses above-mentioned control method, comprising: control device, in order at the capacity of storage battery for just often, the control storage battery is powered to gauge load; Checkout gear is connected in control device, in order to the electrical magnitude of physical quantity of real-time detection storage battery, and outputs to control device and is drawn the residual capacity of with it corresponding storage battery by the latter; Whether the more described residual capacity of control device equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being then to export control signal; The control load circuit is connected in control device, in order to carry out closed according to control signal and/or to disconnect action, is the first default load to reduce load.
Wherein, this controller also comprises temperature sensing device, is connected in control device, in order to implement detected temperatures and to output to control device, and whether equal preset temperature value by the temperature value that the control device comparison is detected, if comparative result is for being then to export charging signals; Charging and anti-overcharge control circuit are connected in control device, in order to charge a battery according to described charging signals; Control device also in order in described battery capacity just often, outputs a control signal to the control load circuit, makes its execution closure and/or disconnects action to power to gauge load.
Wherein, the checkout gear that detects the electrical magnitude of physical quantity of storage battery is the voltage check device of the terminal voltage that detects storage battery, comprise voltage detecting circuit and be attached thereto in order to detected analog voltage signal is converted to the A/D change-over circuit of digital voltage signal; Control device is a single-chip microcomputer, stores the voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons of storage battery, obtains the residual capacity of storage battery by the detected voltage of comparative voltage checkout gear and described voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons; The control load circuit is a plurality of switching tubes, and these a plurality of switching tubes are corresponding one by one external with the load of many groups; Charging and anti-overcharge control circuit are realized by MOSFET, and external inverter.
Accumulator cell charging and discharging controller of the present invention is the above-mentioned lead acid accumulator overdischarge method that prevents that realizes like this, and this controller is by control device, and as single-chip microcomputer, for just often, the control storage battery is that gauge load is powered at the capacity of storage battery; By checkout gear, as voltage check device, detect the terminal voltage of storage battery in real time, and will detect voltage and be input to single-chip microcomputer, again by single-chip microcomputer by more detected voltage and voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons and obtain the residual capacity of storage battery in real time; Judge again whether detected residual capacity equals default residual capacity value, as if comparative result is, then exports control signal with the control load circuit,, make it carry out closed and/or disconnect action to be default load with the minimizing load as a plurality of switching tubes; Single-chip microcomputer judges also whether the residual capacity of storage battery is 10%, if comparative result then sends the overdischarge warning for being, cuts off load by switching tube simultaneously.
And, controller judges whether to possess charge condition by its temperature inside checkout gear detected temperatures, if possess charge condition, single-chip microcomputer is then exported charging signals to charging and anti-overcharge control circuit, and just often in battery capacity, output a control signal to the control load circuit,, make it carry out closed and/or disconnect action and think the gauge load power supply as a plurality of switching tubes.
The present invention also provides a kind of control system of using above-mentioned control method, comprising: controller, storage battery and at least one group of load; Described controller is connected in described storage battery and described load, and described controller comprises: testing circuit is in the not electrical magnitude of physical quantity of the storage battery of over-discharge state in order to detection; Control device, be connected in described testing circuit, draw the residual capacity value of corresponding with it storage battery in order to electrical magnitude of physical quantity according to described testing circuit output, and whether more described residual capacity value equals default residual capacity value, should default residual capacity value be to reduce more than one and successively, but greater than the overdischarge point capability value of described storage battery, if comparative result is for being then to export control signal; The control load circuit is connected in described control device, in order to carry out closed according to described control signal and/or to disconnect action, is default load to reduce load, and this default load is more than one, and with described default residual capacity value one to one.
Control system of the present invention also comprises: charge power supply and inverter, be connected to controller, and described controller also comprises temperature sensor and charging and the anti-overcharge control circuit that is connected to control device; Control device C.T sensor to the ambient temperature of system whether equal preset temperature value, if comparative result for being, then export charging signals to charge and anti-overcharge control circuit being charge in batteries by charge power supply; And in battery capacity just often, output a control signal to the control load circuit, make it carry out closed and/or disconnect action and think the gauge load power supply.
Wherein, testing circuit is a voltage detecting circuit, and control device is a single-chip microcomputer, and it stores the voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons of storage battery, is worth the residual capacity value of corresponding with it storage battery according to the terminal voltage of the storage battery of voltage detecting circuit output.Charge power supply is a solar cell, load is more than one street lamp, and the control load circuit is one or more switching tubes, and connects one to one with this more than one street lamp, charging and anti-overcharge control circuit are realized by MOSFET, and are connected in the inverter that is connected with described street lamp.
Battery discharging automatic process controller and control system by the exploitation of the aforementioned remaining battery capacity control of use provided by the invention method can extensively be suitable for as follows: storage battery is arranged, accumulator load can be divided into more than 2 grades or 2 groups, operating time allows suitably to adjust, although perhaps have only one group of dead load, and the operating time allows the occasion of adjustment; Storage battery is arranged, but the not high occasion of the fraction of the charge power supply of storage battery, as solar power system, wind generator system, with the system of diesel engine generator as the charge in batteries power supply, with unreliable alternating current as system of charge power supply or the like.
The most typical application of this method is a solar street lamp controller.The automatic control of battery discharging process can be adopted intelligent chips such as single-chip microcomputer, PIC, also can adopt analog circuit or digital circuit to realize.
By the control method that prevents the lead acid accumulator overdischarge provided by the present invention, and the control device and the control system of this control method of application, can effectively solve the deficiencies in the prior art, and realize following beneficial technical effects: one, storage battery is the gauge load power supply for having designed more than 90% at full capacity or its capacity, and when the residual capacity value that its residual capacity equals to preset successively, reduce load successively and be default load, thereby discharging current reduces gradually, just can very fast arrival overdischarge point, make that load can be all the time in working order; Two, because storage battery can very fast arrival overdischarge point, though therefore wind power generation or solar power generation are not highly reliable charge power supplies, storage battery is in time of power shortage state also can be shorter; Three, whether the also real-time detection of the present invention simultaneously possesses charge condition, in case possess, being storage battery charges again, because deep discharge does not take place in storage battery, therefore it can be full of soon, the capacity at storage battery as prior art can not take place reach at 50% o'clock and just make its situation of restarting to power, can prolong thereby storage battery takes place by the time of deep discharge once more, for time of electric also can prolong.Three, the invention enables generally speaking, can not make storage battery be in the power shortage state for a long time and under the condition of its capacity≤50%, use, therefore can not cause the irreversible sulfation of storage battery, thereby prolong the useful life of storage battery greatly, the frequency of changing storage battery and the cost that uses storage battery have been reduced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the control method of existing storage battery controller;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of an embodiment of the control method that prevents battery overdischarge of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of an embodiment of accumulator cell charging and discharging controller of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of an embodiment of storage battery control system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams corresponding to system shown in Figure 4;
Fig. 6 is two lamp remaining battery capacity control flow charts of the system of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is single lamp remaining battery capacity control flow chart of the system of Fig. 4.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.
The control method that prevents battery overdischarge of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) capacity of storage battery is for just often being the gauge load power supply;
(2) detect the residual capacity of storage battery in real time;
(3) whether the detected residual capacity of comparison step (2) equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being that then reducing load is first default the load;
(4) whether the residual capacity of judging described storage battery is described battery overdischarge point capability value, if comparative result is for being then to cut off load.
As shown in Figure 2, the flow chart for an embodiment of the control method that prevents battery overdischarge of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Method begins, and enters step S11, and the SOC value of storage battery is for just often being the gauge load power supply, the gauge load that the gauge load representative here and the capacity of charge power supply are complementary;
At step S12, detect the residual capacity of storage battery in real time;
At step S13, whether the detected residual capacity of comparison step S12 equals the first default residual capacity value, as 50%, if comparative result then turns back to step S12 for not;
At step S14, if the comparative result of step S13 is for being, then reducing load is the first default load, as make load be default load corresponding to residual capacity value 50%, it can realize that this moment, the discharging current of storage battery reduced by the classification that changes load and/or the number that reduces load or power or operating time, and the decrease speed of its capacity correspondingly reduces, thereby make load can also work the long time (when being street lamp, just can at the time intraoral illumination of growing) as load;
At step S15, judge whether residual capacity is 10%, if comparative result then returns step S12 for not;
At step S16,, cut off load simultaneously if the judged result of step S15 is then sent the overdischarge warning for being.
This method finishes.
Wherein step S12 detects that to be in the residual capacity value of the storage battery of over-discharge state not be that the corresponding relation of the capability value of terminal voltage by detecting storage battery and this terminal voltage and storage battery obtains, shown in table 1 (table 1 is a capacity corresponding when the voltage acquisition point is at 11):
Table 1: battery discharging process capacity-voltage respective value:
| Small-sized sealing battery (12V) | ||||||
| Voltage V | ?12.88 | ?12.78 | ?12.58 | ?12.36 | ?12.18 | ?11.99 |
| Capacity % | ＞95 | ?90 | ?80 | ?70 | 60 | ?50 |
| Voltage V | 11.79 | ?11.57 | ?11.30 | ?11.00 | ＜10.8 | |
| Capacity % | 40 | ?30 | ?20 | ?10 | ＜10 | |
| Industry sealed cell (2V) | ||||||
| Voltage V | 2.15 | ?2.13 | ?2.10 | ?2.06 | 2.03 | 2.00 |
| Capacity % | 100 | ?90 | ?80 | ?70 | 60 | 50 |
| Voltage V | 1.97 | ?1.93 | ?1.88 | ?1.83 | 1.80 | |
| Capacity % | 40 | ?30 | ?20 | ?10 | ＜10 | |
The described control method of Fig. 2 can be 2 point control, with industrial sealed cell (2V) is example, except putting excessively a little is that monomer voltage drops to the 1.8V (quite SOC drops to 10%), increase a bit in the normal operating voltage of storage battery with between putting a little excessively again, during as monomer 2.0V (quite SOC drop to 50%), just begin to reduce load or shorten working hours, and charge condition is identical during with full load, make the capacity of storage battery can not continue again to descend, and can be recovered very soon.And when the voltage of storage battery returns to certain value, when (be equivalent to storage battery SOC and reach 90%), automatically restore to full power load or normal working hours again as monomer voltage 2.13V.
Control procedure can also be multiple spot control, be that such control point increases several again, be example still with industrial sealed cell (2V), except putting excessively a little is that monomer voltage drops to the 1.8V (quite SOC drops to 10%), increase by 3 points in the normal operating voltage of storage battery with between putting a little excessively again, as monomer voltage 2.06V, 2.0V, (1.88V the residual capacity 70%, 50%, 20% that is equivalent to storage battery) etc., when the voltage of detected storage battery equals 2.06V successively, 2.0V, during 1.88V, reduce load step by step.Control more early, just good more to the protection of storage battery, storage battery just is not easy to take place overdischarge more.Equally, when the voltage of storage battery recovered once again owing in time adjust, control circuit automatically restored at full capacity or normal working hours again.
Because in solar photovoltaic generation system (or wind generator system), charge condition is subjected to weather effect very big, as allow the storage battery be gauge load power supply, and at capacity to cutting off load at 10% o'clock, can not be under the situation of charge in batteries immediately then in weather condition, load will can not be worked for a long time, and storage battery also can be in the power shortage state for a long time; And arrived weather condition permission charge power supply is under the situation of charge in batteries, owing to often need 3-5 days for the storage battery that deep discharge has taken place is full of, and electricity consumption is suddenly waited in load, so usually not waiting until that storage battery is full of just begins to be electric, as being just to begin to be electric at 50% o'clock at its capacity, again because load is a gauge load, make that the capacity decline ground of storage battery is faster, so very fast deep discharge that taken place again, load must be forced to again cut off, this poor circulation not only influences the operate as normal of load, and be that people's productive life is brought very big inconvenience, and as previously mentioned, also cause the irreversible sulfation of storage battery easily, thereby significantly reduce the useful life of storage battery.
And use method of the present invention, when the normal capacity of storage battery, be electric promptly according to designed gauge load, and when the residual capacity of storage battery drops to certain value (as 70%, 50%, 20%), the corresponding load that reduces, as when load is street lamp, reduce the power of street lamp, street lamp can be worked the long time, during this period, weather condition returns to when can be charge in batteries, and storage battery just can be filled rapidly, and reverts to and be the gauge load power supply.More specifically, when the capacity of storage battery drops to 70%, reducing certain load, after a period of time, if weather condition returns to when can be charge in batteries, then is charge in batteries; If after having reduced load, when weather condition does not still allow for charge in batteries, then when the capacity of storage battery drops to 50%, reduce certain load again, after a period of time,, then be charge in batteries if weather condition returns to when can be charge in batteries; If after having reduced load, when weather condition does not still allow for charge in batteries, then when the capacity of storage battery drops to 20%, reduce certain load again, after a period of time,, then be charge in batteries if weather condition returns to when can be charge in batteries.Generally speaking, this discomfort is preferably the weather of charge in batteries can be not for a long time, therefore, the present invention can guarantee can be electric all the time basically, and on the capacity basis of higher storage battery, charge, thereby can quickly storage battery be full of, recover the load total power quickly or operate at full capacity.
Certainly do not get rid of exception yet, promptly through the capacity that progressively detects of the present invention, after reducing load step by step, weather condition still discomfort is preferably charge in batteries, this moment, the present invention also had the function of existing storage battery control method, i.e. when deep discharge has taken place storage battery (capacity drops to below 10%) when the capacity of storage battery is 10%, send the overdischarge warning, simultaneously disconnecting consumers.Even but in this situation, because method of the present invention, the time ratio prior art that makes storage battery be in over-discharge state shortens greatly, thereby one treat that weather takes a turn for the better, just can be filled quickly, and the also just shortening greatly of the time of load interruption of work.
Specifically describe accumulator cell charging and discharging controller of the present invention below, this controller comprises: control device, in order at the capacity of storage battery for just often, control described storage battery and power to gauge load; Checkout gear is connected in described control device, in order to the electrical magnitude of physical quantity of the described storage battery of real-time detection, and outputs to described control device and is drawn the residual capacity of with it corresponding storage battery by described control device; Whether the more described residual capacity of described control device equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being then to export control signal; The control load circuit is connected in described control device, in order to carry out closed according to described control signal and/or to disconnect action, is the first default load to reduce load.
As shown in Figure 3, be the block diagram of an embodiment of accumulator cell charging and discharging controller of the present invention; In the present embodiment, controller of the present invention is a solar street lamp controller, and this solar street lamp controller comprises: single-chip microcomputer is control device of the present invention, be connected in A/D modular converter and voltage detecting circuit, this A/D modular converter and voltage detecting circuit are checkout gear of the present invention; And 18W lamp control circuit and 9W lamp control circuit, be control load circuit of the present invention.Detect the terminal voltage value that is in storage battery in real time by voltage detecting circuit, be converted into digital signal by the A/D modular converter again, be worth the residual capacity of the storage battery of correspondence with it by single-chip microcomputer according to detected terminal voltage again, and whether more described residual capacity equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being, then output a control signal to 18W lamp control circuit and 9W lamp control circuit, make its execution closure and/or disconnect action offers the street lamp external with it with minimizing electric energy.
This controller also comprises temperature sensor and charging and anti-overcharge control circuit, power supply and reset circuit, whether the temperature value of single-chip microcomputer C.T sensor equals preset temperature value, if comparative result is for being, then export charging signals to described charging and anti-overcharge control circuit, and the residual capacity that is worth with it corresponding storage battery according to detected terminal voltage, whether more described again residual capacity equals the normal working point capability value of storage battery, if comparative result is for being, then output a control signal to the control load circuit, promptly output a control signal to 18W lamp control circuit and 9W lamp control circuit, make its execution closure and/or disconnect action so that the street lamp full power operation.
In the present embodiment preferably, with the single-chip microcomputer 13 of a slice AT89s52 microprocessor as system, replaceable uses such as the singlechip chip of other types such as pic chip certainly; Realize the function of voltage detecting circuit and A/D modular converter 12 with the LM331 of NationalSemiconductor company, promptly the A/D as tested battery tension and solar cell voltage changes, LM331 is an electric voltage/frequency converter, intend furnishing 1V/1K, be that the 1V voltage transitions becomes the 1K frequency, conversion accuracy is 0.001V (being beneficial to teletransmission); Realize the function of temperature sensor 15 with the DS18B20 of Dallas company, as environment temperature sensor and A/D conversion, its conversion accuracy is that the 9-12 position is adjustable, defaults to 12; The shutoff of 18W and 9W lamp is realized by switch controlled; The shutoff of opening of inverter is controlled realization by MOSFET; Power reset circuit provides system voltage and each chip voltage and reset signal is provided.
Specifically describe storage battery control system of the present invention below, this control system comprises: controller, storage battery and at least one group of load; Described controller is connected in described storage battery and described load, and described controller comprises: control device, in order at the capacity of storage battery for just often, control described storage battery and power to gauge load; Checkout gear is connected in described control device, in order to the electrical magnitude of physical quantity of the described storage battery of real-time detection, and outputs to described control device and is drawn the residual capacity of with it corresponding storage battery by described control device; Whether the more described residual capacity of described control device equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being then to export control signal; The control load circuit is connected in described control device, in order to carry out closed according to described control signal and/or to disconnect action, is the first default load to reduce load.
This control system also comprises charge power supply and inverter, is connected to described controller, and described controller also comprises temperature sensor and charging and the anti-overcharge control circuit that is connected to described control device; The temperature value whether ambient temperature of the detected described system of the more described temperature sensor of described control device equals to preset, if comparative result for being, then export charging signals to described charging and anti-overcharge control circuit being described charge in batteries by described charge power supply; And in described battery capacity just often, output a control signal to described control load circuit, make its execution closure and/or disconnect action to power to gauge load.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of an embodiment of storage battery control system of the present invention, be the system block diagram of storage battery control system of the present invention when being solar power system, wherein, solar cell is charge power supply of the present invention for being direct current energy with solar energy converting and being the equipment of charge in batteries by controller under sunshine condition; Storage battery is then stored the direct current that solar cell sends, and is load at night, as street lamp power supply, road lamp power supply; Thereby inverter is transformed into alternating current for AC load, as the equipment of street lamp power supply, road lamp power supply for the direct current with solar cell and storage battery; 18W and 9W light fixture: road lamp, promptly use electric loading when lamp (single only keep 18W light fixture and K3); Controller for road lamp is battery discharging automatic controller of the present invention, and whether it detects darkness automatically by temperature sensor; Automatically detect the residual capacity (obtaining) of storage battery by detecting relevant voltage by checkout gear; Can also carry out additives for overcharge protection (containing temperature-compensating) to storage battery; And storage battery carried out or multipoint mode at 2; And adopt remaining battery capacity control method that load and operating time thereof are adjusted automatically, also be the equipment that prevents overcharge of a battery and overdischarge.
Wherein, the residual capacity that controller for road lamp detects storage battery is to obtain by detecting relevant voltage, and promptly the residual capacity control mode is to realize by the criterion of tabling look-up, and asks for an interview table 2 (table 2 is capacity corresponding when the voltage acquisition point is at 7).
Table 2
| Small-sized sealing battery (12V) | ||||
| Voltage V | 12.50 | 12.40 | ?12.00 | |
| Capacity % | 90 | 70 | ?50 | |
| Voltage V | 11.50 | 11.0 | ||
| Capacity % | 20 | 10 | ||
| Small-sized sealing battery (24V) | ||||
| Voltage V | 25.00 | 24.80 | ?24.00 | |
| Capacity % | 90 | 70 | ?50 | |
| Voltage V | 23.00 | 22.0 | ||
| Capacity % | 20 | 10 | ||
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams corresponding to system shown in Figure 4, and the system of being included as provides the power module 110 of voltage, solar cell 120, storage battery 130, accumulator cell charging and discharging controller 140, this controller 140 comprises: voltage detecting and A/D modular converter 141, reseting module 142, temperature sensing module 143, single-chip microcomputer 144, control 18W circuit for lamp 145, control 9W circuit for lamp 146, control charging circuit 147, control discharge circuit 148, control overcharges circuit 149.
Fig. 6 is two lamp remaining battery capacity control flow charts of Fig. 4 system, and its process is:
(1) check earlier after darkness every day whether storage battery under voltage was a few days ago taking place, N ≠ 0 explanation took place, and then the same day, promptly the 9W lamp threw light on 4 hours according to minimum load operation; Under voltage did not take place or had finished the force revert program in the N=0 explanation;
(2) then according to the residual capacity-voltage relationship of storage battery, judge the residual capacity (SOC) of storage battery by the voltage that detects storage battery.When SOC greater than 90%, the same day, (connecting which lamp was to realize by control K3 and K4 according to oepration at full load, the operating time of every lamp is realized by the delay circuit of controller), threw light on simultaneously 4 hours as 18W lamp and 9W lamp, add 18W lamp and 9W lamp and threw light on separately separately 4 hours;
(3) when SOC less than 90%, greater than 70% o'clock, reduce load according to program successively or shorten the operation of operating time on the same day, as 18W lamp operation 6 hours, 9W lamp operation 4 hours was fully loaded 67%, the promptly of the present invention first default load;
(4) when SOC less than 70%, more than or equal to 50% o'clock, reduce load according to program again or shorten the operation of operating time on the same day, as 18W lamp operation 2 hours, 9W lamp operation 8 hours was fully loaded 50%, the promptly of the present invention second default load;
(5) when SOC less than 50%, greater than 20% o'clock, or work as SOC less than 20%, greater than 10% o'clock, storage battery under voltage is described, then must carry out force revert according to program, promptly require street lamp according to minimum load (fully loaded 30%, be the of the present invention the 3rd default load) move N days continuously, move 8 hours every day as the 9W lamp, move 5 days continuously or 7 days.Because the power of solar cell, the capacity of storage battery can oeprations at full load under the normal condition all according to the oepration at full load design.When bad weather in a certain season, during the solar cell undercharge, because this method has in time been adjusted load and operating time, the electricity that solar cell is sent still can satisfy the needs of load.When the overcast and rainy long residual capacity that causes storage battery is lower than 50%, then force the control street lamp under minimum load, to move N days, help recovering as early as possible the capacity of storage battery.
Fig. 7 is single lamp remaining battery capacity control flow chart of Fig. 4 system, and its process is:
(1) check earlier after darkness every day whether storage battery under voltage was a few days ago taking place, N ≠ 0 explanation took place, and then the same day is according to minimum load operation; Under voltage did not take place or had finished the force revert program in the N=0 explanation;
(2) then according to the residual capacity-voltage relationship of storage battery, judge the residual capacity (SOC) of storage battery by the voltage that detects storage battery.When SOC greater than 90%, moved according to all the period of time the same day, the operating time of 18 watts of lamps is 12 hours; When SOC less than 90%, greater than 70% o'clock, or when SOC less than 70%, greater than 50% o'clock, shorten operating time on same day operation (being respectively 8 hours and 6 hours) according to program successively; When SOC less than 50%, greater than 20% o'clock, or when SOC less than 20%, greater than 10% o'clock, storage battery under voltage is described, then must carry out force revert according to program, promptly require street lamp to do the time (4 hours) and move N days continuously according to casual labourer.Because the power of solar cell, the capacity of storage battery all according to the oepration at full load design, can move under the normal condition all the period of time.When bad weather in a certain season, during the solar cell undercharge, because this method has in time been adjusted the operating time, the electricity that solar cell is sent still can satisfy the needs of load.When the overcast and rainy long capacity that causes storage battery is lower than 50%, then force the control street lamp to do under the time operation N days casual labourer, help recovering as early as possible the capacity of storage battery.
Overcharge and the overdischarge control of storage battery are the functions that conventional controller must have, and this controller possesses too.Simultaneously, the automatic control of battery discharging process of the present invention can be adopted intelligent chips such as single-chip microcomputer, PIC, also can adopt analog circuit or digital circuit to realize.The load of storage battery can be a multichannel, also can be single.The implementation step of remaining battery capacity control method is as follows:
(1) intelligence control circuit or analog/digital control circuit detect the terminal voltage of storage battery;
(2) judge the residual capacity of storage battery according to the terminal voltage of storage battery;
(3) realize the automatic adjustment of bearing power or the automatic adjustment of operating time according to the current residual capacity of storage battery by control circuit;
(4) if storage battery only to single electric, then control circuit is only adjusted the operating time of load automatically according to the residual capacity of storage battery.
Because the residual capacity of storage battery and the terminal voltage of storage battery have definite relation, therefore the present invention is applicable to the system that all have storage battery, as solar power system and wind generator system, capacity point (discharge voltage point) is carried out self-adjusting method to the bearing power or the loaded work piece time of storage battery by (containing 2 points) at storage battery more than 2 for it, has prevented that battery overdischarge can be owing to under-voltage being compelled to of storage battery turn-offed with load is worked all the time.
The above is specific embodiments of the invention only, is not that the equivalence that all those skilled in the art do according to principle of the present invention changes in order to restriction the present invention, all should belong in the protection range that claims of the present invention define.
Claims (14)
1. control method that prevents battery overdischarge is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) capacity of storage battery is for just often powering to gauge load;
(2) detect the residual capacity of storage battery in real time;
(3) whether the detected residual capacity of comparison step (2) equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being that then reducing load is first default the load;
(4) whether the residual capacity of judging described storage battery equals described battery overdischarge point capability value, if comparative result is for being then to cut off load.
2. control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises also whether real-time judge possesses the step of charge condition, if judged result is for being, then is charge in batteries, and in described battery capacity for just often powering to gauge load.
3. control method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the residual capacity of the described real-time detection storage battery of step (2) may further comprise the steps:
Detect the terminal voltage of storage battery in real time;
More detected terminal voltage and voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons obtains the residual capacity of described storage battery.
4. control method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, comprise also between described step (3) and described step (4) whether the detected residual capacity of comparison step (2) equals the second default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being, then reducing load is the second default step of loading;
Wherein, the described first default residual capacity value is greater than the described second default residual capacity value and greater than described battery overdischarge point capability value; The described second default load is less than the described first default load and less than described gauge load.
5. control method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described storage battery is a lead acid accumulator, the overdischarge point capability value of described storage battery is 10%, described minimizing load is the first default load and the second default load is by reducing number, operating time, the power of load, and/or the classification that changes load realizes.
6. accumulator cell charging and discharging controller that uses the control method of claim 1 is characterized in that comprising:
Control device, in order at the capacity of storage battery for just often, control described storage battery and power to gauge load;
Checkout gear is connected in described control device, in order to the electrical magnitude of physical quantity of the described storage battery of real-time detection, and outputs to described control device and is drawn the residual capacity of with it corresponding storage battery by described control device;
Whether the more described residual capacity of described control device equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being then to export control signal;
The control load circuit is connected in described control device, in order to carry out closed according to described control signal and/or to disconnect action, is the first default load to reduce load.
7. controller as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that also comprising:
Temperature sensing device is connected in described control device, in order to implementing detected temperatures and to output to described control device, and whether equals preset temperature value by the temperature value that described control device comparison is detected, if comparative result is for being then to export charging signals;
Charging and prevent the control circuit of overcharge of a battery is connected in described control device, in order to give described charge in batteries according to described charging signals;
Described control device outputs a control signal to described control load circuit also in order in described battery capacity just often, makes its execution closure and/or disconnects action to power to gauge load.
8. as claim 6 or 7 described controllers, it is characterized in that, the checkout gear of the electrical magnitude of physical quantity of described real-time detection storage battery is the voltage check device of the terminal voltage that detects storage battery, comprise voltage detecting circuit and be attached thereto in order to detected analog voltage signal is converted to the A/D change-over circuit of digital voltage signal;
Described control device is a single-chip microcomputer, stores the voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons of described storage battery, obtains the residual capacity of described storage battery by the detected voltage of comparative voltage checkout gear and described voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons.
9. as claim 6 or 7 described controllers, it is characterized in that, described control load circuit is a plurality of switching tubes, these a plurality of switching tubes are external in the loads of many groups correspondingly, and described single-chip microcomputer is controlled described a plurality of switching tube according to classification, operating time, power, the numbers of the load of described many groups and carried out closed and/or disconnect action and be the described first default load to reduce load.
10. controller as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described control load circuit is a plurality of switching tubes, and these a plurality of switching tubes are external in the load of many groups correspondingly, and the described a plurality of switching tubes of described Single-chip Controlling are carried out closed and/or disconnected action to give described gauge load power supply;
Described charging and anti-overcharge control circuit are realized by MOSFET, and are external in inverter.
11. a control system of using the control method of claim 1 is characterized in that comprising: controller, storage battery and at least one group of load; Described controller is connected in described storage battery and described load, and described controller comprises: control device, in order at the capacity of storage battery for just often, control described storage battery and power to gauge load;
Checkout gear is connected in described control device, in order to the electrical magnitude of physical quantity of the described storage battery of real-time detection, and outputs to described control device and is drawn the residual capacity of with it corresponding storage battery by described control device;
Whether the more described residual capacity of described control device equals the first default residual capacity value, if comparative result is for being then to export control signal;
The control load circuit is connected in described control device, in order to carry out closed according to described control signal and/or to disconnect action, is the first default load to reduce load.
12. control system as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that also comprising:
Charge power supply and inverter are connected to described controller, and described controller also comprises temperature sensor and charging and the anti-overcharge control circuit that is connected to described control device;
The temperature value whether ambient temperature of the detected described system of the more described temperature sensor of described control device equals to preset, if comparative result for being, then export charging signals to described charging and anti-overcharge control circuit being described charge in batteries by described charge power supply;
And in described battery capacity just often, output a control signal to described control load circuit, make its execution closure and/or disconnect action and power to give described gauge load.
13. as claim 11 or 12 described control system, it is characterized in that, described testing circuit is a voltage detecting circuit, described control device is a single-chip microcomputer, it stores the voltage-residual capacity table of comparisons of described storage battery, is worth the residual capacity value of corresponding with it storage battery according to the terminal voltage of the described storage battery of described voltage detecting circuit output.
14. control system as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described charge power supply is a solar cell, described load is more than one street lamp, described control load circuit is one or more switching tubes, and connect one to one with described more than one street lamp, described charging and anti-overcharge control circuit are realized by MOSFET, and are connected in the inverter that is connected with described street lamp.
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