CN1547138A - Method for inserting digital watermarking to relation database and extracting it from the same - Google Patents
Method for inserting digital watermarking to relation database and extracting it from the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention refers to a method for embedding and extracting digital water lines into and out of the relation databank, which belongs to information hiding technology field. The method is: the copyright person image information to be embedded is transferred into water lines cloud-drop; selects the unit group and attributes of the water lines cloud-drop to be embedded; the water lines cloud-drop is embedded into the confirmed unit group attributes. The extraction method is: selects the unit group attributes of water lines cloud-drop; extracts the water lines cloud-drop, and reduces the water lines cloud-drop into could character information; it is carried on with comparison of similarity between it and the cloud character information of copyright person image information, in order to confirm the copyright person image information.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of method to relational database embedding and extraction digital watermarking, belongs to the Information Hiding Techniques field.
Background technology is present, and digital watermark technology becomes the focus of people's research day by day as a kind of effective means that solves the digital product Copyright Protection.The research of digital watermark technology concentrates on the copyright protection to image, audio frequency, video, software and general electronic document mostly.And, allowing authorized user remote inquiry and accessing database to become universal demand on the Internet along with the develop rapidly of technique of internet, but the data set provider concern of data is stolen, illegal copies, and copyright can not get effective protection.Therefore to there be a kind of mechanism to show the infringement copy of database data.Can solve this problem by on the relation data database data, adding watermark.By watermark the relational database copyrights of data is managed, become a new topic of developing of data base management system (DBMS) research and development, but also be not subjected at present generally paying attention to.
The research of relational database digital watermark technology is less, the relational database digital watermark that passes through the watermark matching judgment that the people such as Agrawal in IBM Almad research centre propose is merely able to detect whether watermark is arranged, and can not embed or extract significant watermark information; A kind of mode embed digital watermark technical scheme of dividing set based on tuple that doctor R.Sion of Purdue Univ-West Lafayette USA proposes, all the time do not have his method of full disclosure, and the ordering definite and tuple of set sizes that tuple is divided does not provide clear and definite saying all the time in its method.
The relation data database data exists many different with multi-medium datas such as image, audio frequency, videos.Difference between them mainly contains: 1. image is made up of a large amount of positions, and many positions all are dispensable, i.e. redundant information, and watermark is hiding easily wherein; And close is that database data is made up of tuple, independent object of each element group representation, and watermark need spread all over these independent objects; 2. the relative position of each pixel can not change in the image; And the tuple in the relational database is made up of set, does not have certain sequence between them, and also is unordered between the different attribute in each tuple; 3. impossible random deletion or the replacement of the various piece of image; And the tuple in the relational database can be random other tuples of usefulness replace or deletion; 4. image does not generally need to change; And the relation data database data need often refresh.These differences have determined the digital watermark technology of relation data database data employing also can not be same as existing any multimedia digital digital watermark.
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method that embeds and extract digital watermarking to relational database, adopt cloud model to convert copyright owner's image information to the cloud characteristic information, generating a plurality of watermark water dusts then is embedded in the relational database, realization embeds and extracts copyright owner's image information in relational database, and the watermark water dust that makes embedding has certain invisible and robustness, and relational database is carried out watermark embeds its data of back and do not influence normal use.
The method to the relational database embed digital watermark that the present invention proposes may further comprise the steps:
(1) converts the copyright owner's image information in the relational database to be embedded to the cloud characteristic information, generate a plurality of watermark water dusts according to the cloud characteristic information then;
(2) tuple and the attribute thereof of selection watermark water dust to be embedded from relational database;
(3) a watermark water dust in above-mentioned (1) step being embedded into the above-mentioned the 2nd goes on foot in the tuple attributes of determining;
(4) repeating step (2) and (3) are until complete relational database of scanning.
In the said method, the method that converts copyright owner's image information to the cloud characteristic information and generate a plurality of watermark water dusts comprises the steps:
(1) the number N according to tuple in the relational database determines that the watermark water dust number that needs generate is N;
(2) determine each gray values of pixel points of this image according to copyright owner's image information;
(3) gray-scale value that step (2) is obtained carries out normalized, obtains one group of gray-scale value after the normalization;
(4) the expectation value Ex of gray-scale value after the normalization of calculation procedure (3);
(5) the variance yields En of gray-scale value after the normalization of calculation procedure (3);
(6) take absolute value after the expectation value Ex of gray-scale value after the normalization of step (3) and step (4) is subtracted each other, obtain one group of gray-scale value that deducts expectation value Ex;
(7) calculation procedure (6) obtains deducts the variance yields He of gray-scale value behind the expectation value Ex;
(8) the variance yields En with step (5) is expectation, is standard deviation with the variance yields He of step (7), generates a normal random number En ';
(9) the expectation value Ex with step (4) is expectation, is standard deviation with the normal random number En ' of step (8), generates a normal random number x, and x is a watermark water dust;
(10) repeating step (8) and step (9) are until producing N watermark water dust.
Select the tuple of watermark water dust to be embedded and the method for attribute thereof in the said method, comprise the steps:
(1) determine in the whole relational database can the embed watermark water dust numeric type attribute and numeric type attribute number An;
(2) Major key of the tuple of a watermark water dust to be embedded connects into a character string in key that the user is given and the relational database, character string is converted to one 128 bit sequence by one-way Hash function;
(3) the bit sequence with step (2) converts a positive integer to;
(4) according to the embedding ratio of user input positive integer delivery, judge the tuple of needs embed watermark according to the remainder that obtains, if need with step (3), then enter step (5), if do not need, then scan the next tuple of relational database, and carry out step (2);
(5) according to the numeric type attribute number An of step (1),, determine the tuple attributes of needs embed watermark according to the remainder that obtains with the positive integer delivery of step (3).
What the inventive method proposed extracts the method for digital watermarking from relational database, may further comprise the steps:
(1) from relational database, selects to have embedded the tuple and the attribute thereof of watermark water dust;
(2) the watermark water dust is extracted from the tuple attributes of above-mentioned selection, and with its storage;
(3) all watermark water dusts in the relational database are extracted in repeating step (1) and (2), and the watermark water dust is reduced into cloud characteristic information eEx, eEn and eHe;
(4) cloud characteristic information eEx, eEn and the eHe with above-mentioned (3) step reduction carries out the similarity comparison with the cloud characteristic information that is generated by copyright owner's image information, if similarity is greater than given threshold value, think that then the watermark water dust that extracts is copyright owner's image information, otherwise think do not have copyright owner's image information in the relational database.
In the said method watermark water dust is reduced into the method for cloud characteristic information, comprises the steps:
(1) the average M of the watermark water dust that calculate to extract obtains the cloud characteristic information eEx of watermark water dust;
(2) according to the cloud characteristic information eEx of step (1), calculate the first moment M1 of watermark water dust, obtain the cloud characteristic information eEn of watermark water dust;
(3) according to the cloud characteristic information eEx of step (1), calculate the second moment M2 of watermark water dust, again according to the cloud characteristic information eEn of step (2), obtain the cloud characteristic information eHe of watermark water dust.
Cloud characteristic information with reduction in the said method carries out similarity process relatively with the cloud characteristic information that is generated by copyright owner's image information, may further comprise the steps:
(1) being expectation with cloud characteristic information eEn, is that standard deviation generates a normal random number eEn ' with cloud characteristic information eHe;
(2) being expectation with cloud characteristic information eEx, is that standard deviation generates a normal random number y with above-mentioned normal random number eEn ', and y is a watermark water dust;
(3) repeating step (1) and step (2), until producing n watermark water dust y (i), n is the natural number greater than 10000, i=1～n;
(4) copyright owner's image information is converted to n watermark water dust x (i);
(5) watermark water dust y (i) and the x (i) with step (3) and step (4) generation carries out bubble sort from small to large;
(6) calculate the corresponding difference of watermark water dust x (i) and y (i) and taking absolute value successively, obtain d (i);
(7) average of the d (i) of calculation procedure (6) is asked its inverse, obtains similarity.
What the present invention proposed embeds and extract the method for digital watermarking to relational database, and its advantage is: embed digital watermarking in the relational database and have certain invisiblely, the digital watermarking of embedding can not influence the use of data behind the embed digital watermark; The digital watermarking that embeds has certain robustness, and for the malicious attack of some mode, as subclass renewal, subclass increase and subclass deletion etc., digital watermarking still exists; Owing to when selecting tuple and attribute thereof, used one-way Hash function, added key, thereby unauthorized people can not separate raw data and digital watermarking come easily, therefore can protect relational database copyright owner's legitimate rights and interests effectively by this method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) that embeds copyright owner's image information in the inventive method in relational database.
Fig. 2 is the FB(flow block) that copyright owner's image information is converted to the watermark water dust.
Fig. 3 is a FB(flow block) of selecting watermark water dust tuple attributes to be embedded in relational database.
Fig. 4 is a FB(flow block) of extracting copyright owner's image information in the inventive method from relational database.
Fig. 5 is the FB(flow block) that the watermark water dust that will extract is reduced into the cloud characteristic information.
Fig. 6 is that watermark water dust the cloud characteristic information that reduces and the cloud characteristic information that is generated by copyright owner's image information that will extract carry out similarity FB(flow block) relatively.
Embodiment
The method that the present invention proposes to the relational database embed digital watermark, its flow process at first converts the copyright owner's image information in the relational database to be embedded to the cloud characteristic information as shown in Figure 1, generates a plurality of watermark water dusts according to the cloud characteristic information then; From relational database, select the tuple and the attribute thereof of watermark water dust to be embedded; A watermark water dust is embedded in the tuple attributes, repeats said process, just obtained the watermark relational database at last until complete relational database of scanning.
Copyright owner's image information converted to the cloud characteristic information and generating the method for a plurality of watermark water dusts in the said method, its flow process as shown in Figure 2, at first the number N according to tuple in the relational database determines that the watermark water dust number that needs generate is N; Determine each gray values of pixel points of this image according to copyright owner's image information; Gray-scale value is carried out normalized, obtain one group of gray-scale value after the normalization; Calculate expectation value Ex, the variance yields En of gray-scale value after the normalization, take absolute value after the gray-scale value after the normalization and gray scale expectation value are subtracted each other, obtain one group of gray-scale value that deducts expectation value Ex, and calculate its variance yields He; With variance yields En is expectation, is standard deviation with variance yields He, generates a normal random number En '; With Ex is expectation, is standard deviation with En ', generates a normal random number x, and x is a watermark water dust; Repeat said process, until producing N watermark water dust.
The tuple of the watermark water dust to be embedded of the selection in the said method and the method for attribute thereof, its flow process as shown in Figure 3, at first determine in the whole relational database can the embed watermark water dust numeric type attribute and number An thereof; The Major key of the tuple of a watermark water dust to be embedded connects into a character string in key that the user is given and the relational database, character string is converted to one 128 bit sequence by one-way Hash function; Convert the bit sequence to a positive integer; According to the embedding ratio of user input with this positive integer delivery, judge the tuple of needs embed watermark according to the remainder that obtains, if do not need, then scan the next tuple in the relational database, if need, with this positive integer delivery, determine the tuple attributes of needs embed watermark according to the An that determines according to the remainder that obtains.
The method of extracting digital watermarking from relational database that the present invention proposes, its flow process select to have embedded the tuple attributes of watermark water dust as shown in Figure 4 from relational database; The watermark water dust is extracted from above-mentioned tuple attributes, and with its storage; Repeat above-mentioned steps, extract all watermark water dusts in the relational database, and the watermark water dust is reduced into the cloud characteristic information; The cloud characteristic information of reduction is carried out similarity relatively with the cloud characteristic information that is generated by copyright owner's image information, similarity is during greater than given threshold value, think that then the watermark water dust information of extracting is copyright owner's image information, otherwise think do not have copyright owner's image information in the relational database.
Cloud characteristic information with reduction in the said method carries out similarity process relatively with the cloud characteristic information that is generated by copyright owner's image information, its flow process as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, at first calculate the average M of the watermark water dust that extracts, obtain the cloud characteristic information eEx of watermark water dust; According to cloud characteristic information eEx, calculate the first moment M1 of watermark water dust, obtain the cloud characteristic information eEn of watermark water dust; According to cloud characteristic information eEx, calculate the second moment M2 of watermark water dust, again according to cloud characteristic information eEn, obtain the cloud characteristic information eHe of watermark water dust; With cloud characteristic information eEn is expectation, is that standard deviation generates a normal random number eEn ' with cloud characteristic information eHe; With cloud characteristic information eEx is expectation, is that standard deviation generates a normal random number y with normal random number eEn ', and y is a watermark water dust; Repeat above-mentioned steps until producing n watermark water dust y (i), n is the natural number greater than 10000, i=1～n; Convert copyright owner's image information to n watermark water dust x (i); Watermark water dust x (i) and the y (i) that produces carried out bubble sort from small to large; Calculate the corresponding difference of watermark water dust x (i) and y (i) successively and take absolute value d (i), calculate the average of d (i), ask its inverse, obtain similarity.
Be one embodiment of the present of invention below: in relational database before the embed digital watermark, at first need copyright owner's image information is converted to the cloud characteristic information and generates a plurality of watermark water dusts the number of the watermark water dust that the decision of the number of tuple generates in the relational database (being assumed to be N).With (x, y, g) gray scale of each pixel in the image of expression m * n size, x wherein, y is position (x=1,2 of remarked pixel point respectively, ..., m, y=1,2 ..., n), g represents (x, y) gray-scale value of locating (0～255) normalizes to (0～1) with gray-scale value g, so just obtains one group of gray-scale value g after the normalization
i(i=1...m * n), then can calculate g
iAll be worth expectation value Ex, promptly
Calculate g
iVariance yields En, promptly
Again with the gray-scale value g after the normalization
iDeduct Ex respectively and ask it to thoroughly deserve gg
i, i.e. gg
i=| g
i-Ex| calculates gg according to two formula in front again
iVariance yields He.So just can generate N watermark water dust by following steps.The concrete step that generates is such:
(1) produce expectation and be En, standard deviation is the normal random number En ' of He;
(2) produce expectation and be Ex, standard deviation is the normal random number x of En ';
(3) repeating step (1) and (2), until producing N x, note is made x (i), i=1,2 ..., N.
Determine to be used in the relational database tuple attributes of embed watermark water dust then, begin to scan from first tuple of relational database, suppose in the relational database can embed watermark numeric type attribute number be that An (and is numbered it, be followed successively by 0,1...An-1), the embedding ratio is that (Scale is an integer to 1/Scale, by user's input), then the key of input and the Major key of relational database tuple are connected into a character string, input parameter as one-way Hash function (as the MD5 function), so just can draw one 128 bit sequence, convert this bit sequence to positive integer, then with this positive integer to the Scale delivery, if remainder is not 0 then the next tuple of scanning relational database is gone out in redirect, need the embed watermark water dust if remainder is this tuple of just judging of 0, again with this positive integer to the An delivery, determine a watermark water dust is embedded in the corresponding attribute mantissa of this remainder numbering according to the remainder that obtains, so just embedded a watermark water dust.Continue the next tuple of scanning relational database, until complete relation data database data of scanning.The watermark water dust that so just will have copyright owner's image information to generate is embedded into relational database numeric type data and has suffered, and promptly this relational database has embedded copyright owner's image information.
The process of extracting copyright owner's image information from relational database is such, at first scan first tuple of relational database, key according to user's input, the embedding ratio 1/Scale (Scale is an integer) of the Major key of relational database tuple and user's input determines the tuple and the attribute (definite method is the same) thereof of possibility embed watermark, and the mantissa that extracts this tuple attributes value then is as a watermark water dust y.Then scan the next tuple of relational database, until complete relational database of scanning.So just watermark water dust y (i) (i=1...n) from relational database numeric type extracting data to a plurality of (being assumed to be n).Then these n that extract watermark water dust y (i) are carried out reverse reduction obtains its cloud characteristic information.Concrete steps are such:
(1) calculate n watermark water dust y (i) (i=1,2 ...) average M,
Cloud characteristic information eEx=M is then arranged;
(2) calculate n watermark water dust y (i) (i=1,2 ..., first moment M n)
1,
The cloud characteristic information is then arranged
(3) calculate n watermark water dust y (i) (i=1,2 ..., second moment M n)
2,
The cloud characteristic information is then arranged
Then copyright owner's image information is changed, at first converted thereof into the cloud characteristic information.With (x, y, g) gray scale of each pixel in the image of expression m * n size, x wherein, y is position (x=1,2 of remarked pixel point respectively, ..., m, y=1,2 ..., n), g represents (x, y) gray-scale value of locating (0～255) normalizes to (0～1) with gray-scale value g, so just obtains one group of gray-scale value g after the normalization
i(i=1,2 ..., m * n), then can calculate g
iAll be worth expectation value Ex, promptly
Calculate g
iVariance yields En, promptly
Again with the gray-scale value g after the normalization
iDeduct Ex respectively and ask it to thoroughly deserve gg
i, i.e. gg
i=| g
i-Ex| calculates gg according to two formula in front again
iVariance yields He.So just obtain the cloud characteristic information Ex of copyright owner's image information, En, He.The cloud characteristic information eEx of a plurality of watermark water dusts that then will extract, eEn, the cloud characteristic information Ex of eHe and copyright owner's image information, En, He carry out similarity relatively, judge whether copyright owner's image information is arranged in the relational database.Concrete steps are such (the n here are the natural number greater than 10000):
(1) produce expectation and be En, standard deviation is the normal random number En ' of He;
(2) produce expectation and be Ex, standard deviation is the normal random number x of En ';
(3) repeating step (1) and (2), until producing n x, note is made x (i), (i=1,2...n);
(4) produce expectation and be eEn, standard deviation is the normal random number eEn ' of eHe;
(5) produce expectation and be eEx, standard deviation is the normal random number y of eEn ';
(6) repeating step (4) and (5), until producing n y, note is made y (i), (i=1,2...n);
(7) x (i) and y (i) are carried out bubble sort from small to large;
(8) calculate successively water dust x (i) and water dust y (i) corresponding difference thoroughly deserve d (i), promptly d (i)=| x (i)-y (i) |, (i=1,2...n);
(9) average of calculating d (i) is asked its inverse, obtains similarity;
(10) if similarity＞1/ (3 * En+30/n), then illustrate from relational database, to have extracted the copyright owner image information that embeds; Otherwise do not embed copyright owner's image information in the explanation relational database.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method to the relational database embed digital watermark is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) converts the copyright owner's image information in the relational database to be embedded to the cloud characteristic information, generate a plurality of watermark water dusts according to the cloud characteristic information then;
(2) tuple and the attribute thereof of selection watermark water dust to be embedded from relational database;
(3) a watermark water dust in above-mentioned (1) step being embedded into the above-mentioned the 2nd goes on foot in the tuple attributes of determining;
(4) repeating step (2) and (3) are until complete relational database of scanning.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the wherein said method that converts copyright owner's image information to the cloud characteristic information and generate a plurality of watermark water dusts comprises the steps:
(1) the number N according to tuple in the relational database determines that the watermark water dust number that needs generate is N;
(2) determine each gray values of pixel points of this image according to copyright owner's image information;
(3) gray-scale value that step (2) is obtained carries out normalized, obtains one group of gray-scale value after the normalization;
(4) the expectation value Ex of gray-scale value after the normalization of calculation procedure (3);
(5) the variance yields En of gray-scale value after the normalization of calculation procedure (3);
(6) take absolute value after the expectation value Ex of gray-scale value after the normalization of step (3) and step (4) is subtracted each other, obtain one group of gray-scale value that deducts expectation value Ex;
(7) calculation procedure (6) obtains deducts the variance yields He of gray-scale value behind the expectation value Ex;
(8) the variance yields En with step (5) is expectation, is standard deviation with the variance yields He of step (7), generates a normal random number En ';
(9) the expectation value Ex with step (4) is expectation, is standard deviation with the normal random number En ' of step (8), generates a normal random number x, and x is a watermark water dust;
(10) repeating step (8) and step (9) are until producing N watermark water dust.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the tuple of wherein said selection watermark water dust to be embedded and the method for attribute thereof comprise the steps:
(1) determine in the whole relational database can the embed watermark water dust numeric type attribute and numeric type attribute number An;
(2) Major key of the tuple of a watermark water dust to be embedded connects into a character string in key that the user is given and the relational database, character string is converted to one 128 bit sequence by one-way Hash function;
(3) the bit sequence with step (2) converts a positive integer to;
(4) according to the embedding ratio of user input positive integer delivery, judge the tuple of needs embed watermark according to the remainder that obtains, if need with step (3), then enter step (5), if do not need, then scan the next tuple of relational database, and carry out step (2);
(5) according to the numeric type attribute number An of step (1),, determine the tuple attributes of needs embed watermark according to the remainder that obtains with the positive integer delivery of step (3).
4, a kind of method from relational database extraction digital watermarking is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) from relational database, selects to have embedded the tuple and the attribute thereof of watermark water dust;
(2) the watermark water dust is extracted from the tuple attributes of above-mentioned selection, and with its storage;
(3) all watermark water dusts in the relational database are extracted in repeating step (1) and (2), and the watermark water dust is reduced into cloud characteristic information eEx, eEn and eHe;
(4) cloud characteristic information eEx, eEn and the eHe with above-mentioned (3) step reduction carries out the similarity comparison with the cloud characteristic information that is generated by copyright owner's image information, if similarity is greater than given threshold value, think that then the watermark water dust that extracts is copyright owner's image information, otherwise think do not have copyright owner's image information in the relational database.
5, method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that in the step (3) the watermark water dust being reduced into comprising the steps: the method for cloud characteristic information
(1) the average M of the watermark water dust that calculate to extract obtains the cloud characteristic information eEx of watermark water dust;
(2), calculate the first moment M of watermark water dust according to the cloud characteristic information eEx of step (1)
1, obtain the cloud characteristic information eEn of watermark water dust;
(3), calculate the second moment M of watermark water dust according to the cloud characteristic information eEx of step (1)
2,, obtain the cloud characteristic information eHe of watermark water dust again according to the cloud characteristic information eEn of step (2).
6, method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that carrying out similarity process relatively with the cloud characteristic information of reduction and by the cloud characteristic information that copyright owner's image information generates in the step (4), may further comprise the steps:
(1) being expectation with cloud characteristic information eEn, is that standard deviation generates a normal random number eEn ' with cloud characteristic information eHe;
(2) being expectation with cloud characteristic information eEx, is that standard deviation generates a normal random number y with above-mentioned normal random number eEn ', and y is a watermark water dust;
(3) repeating step (1) and step (2), until producing n watermark water dust y (i), n is greater than 10000
Natural number, i=1～n;
(4) copyright owner's image information is converted to n watermark water dust x (i);
(5) watermark water dust y (i) and the x (i) with step (3) and step (4) generation carries out bubble sort from small to large;
(6) calculate the corresponding difference of watermark water dust x (i) and y (i) and taking absolute value successively, obtain d (i);
(7) average of the d (i) of calculation procedure (6) is asked its inverse, obtains similarity.
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| CN100369039C (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2008-02-13 | 武汉大学 | Method for protecting data base data copyright by digital watermark technology and application thereof |
| CN101989324A (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-03-23 | 成都宇飞信息工程有限责任公司 | Information security system based on computer and mobile storage device |
| CN102254296A (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2011-11-23 | 南京师范大学 | Method for calculating similarity of Geographic Information System (GIS) vector data image watermarks |
| CN103425700A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-12-04 | 中广核（北京）仿真技术有限公司 | Data storage, inquiry and updating method for nuclear power plant analog machine |
| CN104866735A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-26 | 电子科技大学 | Embedding and extraction and verification method of value-type relational database watermark |
| CN108614961A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-10-02 | 神龙汽车有限公司 | A kind of Database Digital Watermark is embedded and guard method |
| CN110533572A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | A kind of watermark embedding method, system and relevant apparatus |
| CN112948895A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-11 | 航天信息股份有限公司 | Data watermark embedding method, watermark tracing method and device |
| CN114564704A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-31 | 华东师范大学 | Minimum distortion relational database watermarking method based on bit hiding |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7752446B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2010-07-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for digital watermarking of data repository |
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| CN100369039C (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2008-02-13 | 武汉大学 | Method for protecting data base data copyright by digital watermark technology and application thereof |
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| CN102254296A (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2011-11-23 | 南京师范大学 | Method for calculating similarity of Geographic Information System (GIS) vector data image watermarks |
| CN102254296B (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2012-10-24 | 南京师范大学 | Method for calculating similarity of Geographic Information System (GIS) vector data image watermarks |
| CN103425700A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-12-04 | 中广核（北京）仿真技术有限公司 | Data storage, inquiry and updating method for nuclear power plant analog machine |
| CN104866735A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-26 | 电子科技大学 | Embedding and extraction and verification method of value-type relational database watermark |
| CN104866735B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-11-17 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of insertion of numeric type relational database watermark and extraction verification method |
| CN108614961A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-10-02 | 神龙汽车有限公司 | A kind of Database Digital Watermark is embedded and guard method |
| CN108614961B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-09-04 | 神龙汽车有限公司 | Method for embedding and protecting digital watermark in database |
| CN110533572A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | A kind of watermark embedding method, system and relevant apparatus |
| CN112948895A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-11 | 航天信息股份有限公司 | Data watermark embedding method, watermark tracing method and device |
| CN114564704A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-31 | 华东师范大学 | Minimum distortion relational database watermarking method based on bit hiding |
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