CN1541965A - Fluoroaluminate laser glass and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fluoroaluminate laser glass and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1541965A CN1541965A CNA2003101084947A CN200310108494A CN1541965A CN 1541965 A CN1541965 A CN 1541965A CN A2003101084947 A CNA2003101084947 A CN A2003101084947A CN 200310108494 A CN200310108494 A CN 200310108494A CN 1541965 A CN1541965 A CN 1541965A
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- fluoaluminate
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- 239000000087 laser glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 erbium ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910016495 ErF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910009520 YbF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 2
- KWMNWMQPPKKDII-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium ytterbium Chemical compound [Er].[Yb] KWMNWMQPPKKDII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005383 fluoride glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007507 annealing of glass Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/32—Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulfides or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium
- C03C3/325—Fluoride glasses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/0071—Compositions for glass with special properties for laserable glass
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Fluoroaluminate laser glass and a preparation method thereof. The formula of the glass comprises the following components in percentage by mol: AlF3 30~40,MgF2 10~12.5,CaF2 10~12.5,SrF2 7.5~15,BaF2 7.5~15,YF3 0~15,ErF3 0~20,YbF30 to 25. The high erbium ytterbium doped fluoroaluminate laser glass is prepared by a melting method, is transparent and has no crystallization, and has excellent physical and chemical properties. And the fluorescence intensity of erbium ions in the glass has no concentration quenching phenomenon under high doping concentration. The erbium ytterbium ion doped fluoroaluminate laser glass can be used as a matrix glass material of a microchip laser, and has good practical prospect.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to micro-slice laser, fluoaluminate laser glass of particularly a kind of high concentration rare earth ion doping that is applied to micro-slice laser and preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
With the potential application of the erbium ion-doped laser apparatus of micro sheet structure operation, cause domestic and international researcher's very big interest in recent years at communication band He " eye-safe " wave band of 1.54 μ m.The micro-slice laser that runs on 1.06 μ m and 1.34 mu m wavebands that has used at present, the substrate material that uses is mainly rare earth ion doped crystalline material (referring to document D.R.MacFarlane, J.Javorniczky, P.J.Newman, V.Bogdanov, D.J.Booth, W.E.K.Gibbs, J.Non-Cryst.Solids 213﹠amp; 214 (1997) 158).
Compare with crystalline material, the high energy micro-slice laser of glass material needs in the glass Doped Rare Earth ionic concn to need at least than its high order of magnitude of the adulterated concentration of institute in crystal.Increasing doping concentration of rare earth ion is in order to obtain under the very short situation of scantling pump light enough absorption and compensating gain.Yet, for most glass systems, the highly doped cluster effect and the concentration quenching effect that will inevitably cause in the glass of rare earth ion.Therefore, since 1993 report based on the micro-slice laser research of glass material first, up to the present, research report about this field is very few (referring to document T.Taira, A.Mukai, Y.Nozawa, T.Kobayashi, Optics Letters 16 (1991) 1955).
Existing studies show that compared with rare-earth-ion-doped silicate glass, and heavy metal fluoride glass is a kind of highly doped glass host material of rare earth ion that is very suitable for.Fluoride glass not only has good chemical stability, also has the premium properties that can realize that ytterbium ion is highly doped simultaneously.In addition, fluoride glass also has the not available very important advantage of most oxide glasses, and promptly the excited state ion has longer fluorescence lifetime (referring to document F.Gan, Non-Cryst.Solids184 (1995) 9; W.J.Miniscalo, J.Lightwave Tech.9 (1991) 234).
The researchdevelopment of erbium laser glass system is had higher requirement to the spectral quality and the laser characteristics of laser glass.1.54 the erbium ion laser of micron waveband is a three-level system, it excites needs on the metastable state could realize population inversion than the more population of ground state, therefore need mix other rare earth ion altogether to realize the sensitization of fluorescence.
At ytterbium Yb
3+Have only two energy levels in the ionic level structure, promptly
2F
7/2Ground state and
2F
5/2Excited state.Mix Yb
3+The ionic laser glass is positioned at the 970nm place a very strong absorption peak, and it is fine that the InGaAs semiconductor laser of this absorption peak and 980nm coincide.Because Yb
3+The ionic level structure is simple, so Yb
3+Ion does not have concentration quenching, excited state absorption, goes up the generation of phenomenons such as conversion and multi-phonon relaxation (referring to document L.Wetenkam, G.F.West, H.Tobben, J.Non-Cryst.Solids 140 (1992) 30).
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of fluoaluminate laser glass and preparation method thereof, this glass can be realized the high-concentration dopant of rare earth ion erbium and ytterbium, the high-dopant concentration of erbium ion can reach about 23% and glass devitrification phenomenon do not occur, highly doped during to 8-10% in erbium ion concentration, erbium ion still concentration quenching can not occur in the glass.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of fluoaluminate laser glass is characterized in that this frit prescription is as follows:
Raw material mol%
AlF
3??????????????????????30-40%
MgF
2??????????????????????10-12.5%
CaF
2??????????????????????????10-12.5%
SrF
2??????????????????????????7.5-15%
BaF
2??????????????????????????7.5-15%
YF
3???????????????????????????0-15%
ErF
3??????????????????????????0-20%
YbF
3??????????????????????????0-25%
The preparation method of fluoaluminate laser glass of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1.. above-mentioned frit formula range is selected concrete proportioning, each high-purity (〉=99.999%) raw material of weighing;
2.. charging: with dusty raw materials and be equivalent to the hydrogen fluoride ammonia (NH of the 5-8% of raw material gross weight
4FHF) mix after, be placed in the Platinum crucible, add a cover platinum lid after, put into silicon carbon rod electric furnace;
3.. found: electric furnace heats up, and temperature is 900-1100 ℃ and founds under rare gas element Ar gas shiled, and raw material melts fully, and through homogenizing, clarifies to be glass metal;
4.. cast: be cooled to 800-1000 ℃, glass metal be cast in the swage tool of preheating;
5.. annealing: fast this glass is put near the horse expense stove that is warming up to the material transition temperature (Tg) and annealed: insulation earlier 2 hours, be cooled to 100 ℃ with 2-5 ℃/hour speed then, close horse expense stove power supply, be cooled to room temperature automatically.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produced is:
The transition temperature of glass, softening temperature and glass melting temperature are determined according to the differential thermal curve that uses differential thermal analyzer to record; Whether have crystallization to exist according to X ray diffracting spectrum in the glass determines; The absorption spectrum of glass uses absorption spectrometer to measure; The fluorescence spectrum of 1.544 μ m of glass uses the fluorescence spectrophotometer of 980nm diode-end-pumped to measure.Show after tested: the mechanical properties and the chemical stability of fluoaluminate laser glass of the present invention are good.In the glass doping content of erbium ion and ytterbium ion by the mole percentage calculation can be up to about 22-30% devitrification not.Erbium ion concentration can be highly doped to about 8-10% molar percentage, and the fluorescence intensity of erbium ion concentration quenching can not occur yet in the glass;
The preparation technology of fluoaluminate laser glass of the present invention is fairly simple, and production cost is lower.
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Table 1 has been listed the molar percentage of 7 specific embodiments of fluoaluminate laser glass of the present invention and has been formed.
Table 1:
Glass ingredient (mol%) | The 1st example | The 2nd example | The 3rd example | The 4th example | The 5th example | The 6th example | The 7th example |
?AlF3 | ????30 | ????30 | ????32 | ????35 | ????35 | ????38 | ????40 |
?MgF2 | ????12.5 | ????12.5 | ????12.5 | ????12 | ????11 | ????10 | ????10 |
?CaF2 | ????12.5 | ????12.5 | ????12.5 | ????10 | ????11 | ????10 | ????10 |
?SrF2 | ????15 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????11 | ????10 | ????7.5 |
?BaF2 | ????15 | ????10 | ????10 | ????10 | ????11 | ????10 | ????7.5 |
?YF3 | ????15 | ????5 | ????2 | ????1 | ????0 | ????0 | ????0 |
?ErF3 | ????0 | ????20 | ????18 | ????12 | ????6 | ????2 | ????0 |
?YbF3 | ????0 | ????0 | ????5 | ????10 | ????15 | ????20 | ????25 |
Become the glass situation | Transparent | Transparent | Transparent | Transparent | Transparent | Transparent | Transparent |
Glass transformation temperature | ????475 | ????418 | ????400 | ????398 | ????399 | ????398 | ????401 |
The preparation method of embodiment 1,2,3 is as follows:
The first step is chosen glass formula, presses the 1st, 2,3 routine weighing high pure raw materials in the table 1;
Second step, found fluoaluminate glass, the melting technology of the 1st, 2,3 routine glass is identical, and concrete preparation process is as follows: with highly purified AlF
3, MgF
2, CaF
2, SrF
2, BaF
2, YF
3, ErF
3And YbF
3Dusty raw materials and be equivalent to the hydrogen fluoride ammonia (NH of raw material gross weight 5-8%
4FHF) mix after, be placed in the platinum crucible, in silicon carbon rod electric furnace, found, use rare gas element Ar to carry out atmosphere protection in the glass smelting process.Temperature of fusion is 900-1100 ℃.For preventing the volatilization loss of raw material in the glass high temperature melting process, in the glass smelting process, be placed with the platinum lid on the platinum crucible.Raw material melts fully, comes out of the stove in 800-1000 ℃ after homogenizing, clarification, glass metal is cast in the swage tool of preheating.Fast this glass being put near the retort furnace that is warming up to the material transition temperature (Tg) then anneals: insulation earlier 2 hours, cool to 100 ℃ with 2-5 ℃/hour speed then, and close the retort furnace power supply then, be cooled to room temperature automatically.
Embodiment 4,5,6,7.
The first step is chosen glass formula, according to the 4th, 5,6,7 routine each high pure raw material of molar percentage weighing in the table 1.
In second step, the technological process of founding the 4th, 5,6,7 group of fluoaluminate laser glass is basic identical with the melting technology of founding the 1st, 2,3 routine glass.4th, 5,6,7 routine ANNEALING OF GLASS temperature and technological process and the 1st, 2,3 routine glass are basic identical.
The fluorine aluminium salt laser glass that the foregoing description makes the experiment proved that, and is transparent and physical and chemical performance is good.This fluoaluminate laser glass has been realized the high-concentration dopant of rare earth ion erbium and ytterbium, and the high-dopant concentration of erbium ion can reach about 23% and glass devitrification phenomenon do not occur.Along with the increase of erbium ion-doped concentration in the glass, the fluorescence intensity of erbium ion strengthens thereupon in the glass, and is highly doped during to 8-10% in erbium ion concentration, and erbium ion concentration quenching and consequent fluorescence intensity decreasing phenomenon still can not occur in the glass.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of fluoaluminate laser glass is characterized in that: this frit prescription is as follows:
Raw material mol%
AlF
3?????????????????30-40%
MgF
2?????????????????10-12.5%
CaF
2?????????????????10-12.5%
SrF
2?????????????????7.5-15%
BaF
2?????????????????7.5-15%
YF
3??????????????????0-15%
ErF
3?????????????????0-20%
YbF
3?????????????????0-25%
The purity of raw material 〉=99.999%
2, the preparation method of fluoaluminate laser glass according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1.. by selected concrete each raw material of proportioning weighing of the described frit prescription of claim 1;
2.. charging: with dusty raw materials and be equivalent to the hydrogen fluoride ammonia (NH of the 5-8% of raw material gross weight
4FHF) mix after, be placed in the Platinum crucible, add a cover platinum lid after, put into silicon carbon rod electric furnace;
3.. found: electric furnace heats up, and temperature is 900-1100 ℃ and founds under rare gas element Ar gas shiled, and raw material melts fully, and through homogenizing, clarifies to be glass metal;
4.. cast: be cooled to 800 1000 ℃, glass metal be cast in the swage tool of preheating;
5.. annealing: fast this glass is put near the horse expense stove that is warming up to the material transition temperature (Tg) and annealed: insulation earlier 2 hours, be cooled to 100 ℃ with 2-5 ℃/hour speed then, close horse expense stove power supply, be cooled to room temperature automatically.
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CN 200310108494 CN1209310C (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2003-11-07 | Fluoroaluminate laser glass and preparation method thereof |
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---|---|---|---|
CN 200310108494 CN1209310C (en) | 2003-11-07 | 2003-11-07 | Fluoroaluminate laser glass and preparation method thereof |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1541965A true CN1541965A (en) | 2004-11-03 |
CN1209310C CN1209310C (en) | 2005-07-06 |
Family
ID=34334706
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101269913B (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2010-12-08 | 中国计量学院 | Yb<3+> doped fluorine phosphorous glass with high crystallization stability and preparing method thereof |
CN101973706A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-02-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Ytterbium-doped fluorophosphate laser glass and preparation method thereof |
CN102775990A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-11-14 | 太原理工大学 | Method for quickly preparing ultraviolet phosphors |
CN109456061A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | 南京明瑞光电技术有限公司 | A kind of the fluorination ytterbium mixing material and its preparation process of good mechanical property |
CN111732338A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Erbium-doped aluminum fluoride glass capable of realizing 3.5-micron luminescence and preparation method thereof |
CN112028480A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Preparation method of praseodymium and ytterbium co-doped fluorine-aluminum glass with 3.5-micrometer luminescence broadband |
CN113816604A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2021-12-21 | 中国计量大学 | Fluoride laser glass with high erbium doping and low hydroxyl content of 3.5 microns and preparation method thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-11-07 CN CN 200310108494 patent/CN1209310C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101269913B (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2010-12-08 | 中国计量学院 | Yb<3+> doped fluorine phosphorous glass with high crystallization stability and preparing method thereof |
CN101973706A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-02-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Ytterbium-doped fluorophosphate laser glass and preparation method thereof |
CN101973706B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-04-18 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Ytterbium-doped fluorophosphate laser glass and preparation method thereof |
CN102775990A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2012-11-14 | 太原理工大学 | Method for quickly preparing ultraviolet phosphors |
CN102775990B (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-08-28 | 太原理工大学 | Method for quickly preparing ultraviolet phosphors |
CN109456061A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | 南京明瑞光电技术有限公司 | A kind of the fluorination ytterbium mixing material and its preparation process of good mechanical property |
CN109456061B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-12-07 | 南京东瑞光电技术有限公司 | Ytterbium fluoride mixed material with good mechanical property and preparation process thereof |
CN111732338A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Erbium-doped aluminum fluoride glass capable of realizing 3.5-micron luminescence and preparation method thereof |
CN112028480A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Preparation method of praseodymium and ytterbium co-doped fluorine-aluminum glass with 3.5-micrometer luminescence broadband |
CN113816604A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2021-12-21 | 中国计量大学 | Fluoride laser glass with high erbium doping and low hydroxyl content of 3.5 microns and preparation method thereof |
CN113816604B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-11-15 | 中国计量大学 | Fluoride laser glass with high erbium doping and low hydroxyl content of 3.5 microns and preparation method thereof |
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