CN1541786A - Preparing method of Gamma-TiAl base-alloy shuttering for investment casting - Google Patents
Preparing method of Gamma-TiAl base-alloy shuttering for investment casting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to precision casting technology, and is especially investment pattern casting process of gamma-TiAl base alloy shuttering. First, corundum powder of 200-400 mesh and organic sol in weight ratio of 3.0-4.0 are compounded into slurry of efflux cup viscosity in 10-40 sec; then, the slurry is coated to wax pattern and corundum powder of 16-100 mesh is spread and dried; the said steps are repeated for seven or eight times; and finally the investment pattern is dewaxed and sintered. The investment pattern casting process is simple, easy to control, high in inner surface quality of the investment pattern and moderate in strength, and may be used in producing casting with smooth surface and no obvious reaction layer. The present invention is suitable for casing gamma-TiAl base alloy up to the requirement of precision cast gamma-TiAl base alloy structural member.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of hot investment casting, be specially the preparation method of a kind of model casting γ-TiAl based alloy formwork.
Background technology
Gamma-TiAl alloy is owing to its low-density, high strength, high elastic modulus and good high-temperature performance thereof are expected to become structural material in Aero-Space of new generation and the automotive field.But the biggest obstacle that influences the extensive use of TiAl element is its room temperature fragility and unworkability.Model casting is the effective ways that address the above problem as a kind of technology of producing complex-shaped, near clean shape structural member.Yet the TiAl of molten condition has higher activity, almost with all refractory material generation chemical reactions, reduces the surface quality of TiAl foundry goods, therefore, selects suitable pattern-making material to come smart casting TiAl to have crucial meaning.
In titanium alloy model casting, typical technology has three kinds: the graphite investment shell is used early, and the refractory material of employing is a graphite, and binding agent also is a carbonaceous, normally resin or aquadag.Improved graphite shell can be preheating to about 700 ℃ through the former Soviet Union, has higher intensity, and has improved the wetability of shell inner surface to titanium liquid; But there is thicker α brittle layer in the titanium alloy casting that this shell waters out surface.Second kind is tungsten surface layer ceramic shell, and the characteristics of this technology are to adopt metallo-organic compound, and the halide or the colloidal metal oxide of zirconium, hafnium are made binding agent, make the surface layer refractory material with metal tungsten powder.Adopt this kind technology, surface roughness are low, the internal soundness height, and shortcoming is metal faced thermal conductivity height, foundry goods is prone to the cold shut defective; Prices of raw and semifnished materials costliness in addition.The oxide ceramics shell is a kind of advanced technologies that generally adopts both at home and abroad at present, and the surface layer refractory material is ThO
2, ZrO
2Or Y
2O
3Deng refractory metal oxide, binding agent refractory metal oxide colloid or metallo-organic compound.This type of shell has higher normal temperature strength and elevated temperature strength, and less shrinkage factor is arranged, and can guarantee that the foundry goods that is watered has high dimension precision and low surface roughness, is a kind of up-and-coming shell.Yet the applicant is to ZrO
2Or Y
2O
3As the cast gamma-TiAl alloy refractory material studies show that ZrO
2Ceramic shell influences the quality of cast(ing) surface owing to the chemical action of the Al element of wherein Zr element and alloy.Y
2O
3Ceramic shell can be poured into a mould out superior in quality titanium aluminium casting, but considers the costliness of its price, Y
2O
3Can only be used for surface material as formwork.Therefore, seek a kind of price low price, the refractory material that can expire the gamma-TiAl alloy foundry goods again has important and practical meanings.
Al
2O
3Be widely used in fusing and smart casting high temperature alloy as a kind of good refractory material, but in highly active titanium alloy, seldom use.Though the activity of the γ of high aluminium content-TiAl compound well below the activity of titanium alloy fused solution, still has worker seldom to study Al
2O
3Material as melting or smart casting γ-TiAl.
Document 1:J.P.Kuang, moral A Harding, Campbell John, material science and technology are looked in the lining. (J.P.Kuang, R.A.Harding and J.Campbell, mater.Sci.and Tec.2000 (16), 9,1007.), human Al such as Kuang
2O
3During the crucible for smelting gamma-TiAl alloy, contain a small amount of field trash in the gamma-TiAl alloy, and have serious crackle on reaction interface, this shows γ-TiAl and Al
2O
3Exist serious chemical reaction between the crucible.Document 2: Wang Jiafang, Wang Jiannong, Yang Jie, Special Processes of Metal Castings and non-ferrous alloy, 2002,5,40., Al is being used in studies show that of people such as Wang Jiafang
2O
3During the smart casting of formwork γ-TiAl, there is hardened layer about about 200 μ m conversion zones and 500 μ m at cast(ing) surface.
Preparation ceramic crucible or ceramic shell mould also have a kind of important factor---binding agent except that refractory material.Traditional Ludox or silester binding agent are used in above-mentioned research, and SiO
2Chemical stability each element oxide (TiO in the alloy
2And Al
2O
3) stability, therefore serious chemical reaction can take place, thereby reduce the chemical stability of formwork.Document 3: Jin Mingjun, Jin Tai dries in the air, Jin Shiguang, Hong Taihuan, Jin Yongji, Korea S metal material research .2001,40,429. (M.G.Kim, T.K.Kim, T.w.Hong, S.K.Kim andY.J.Kim, J.Kor.Inst.Met.﹠amp; Mater.2001,40,429.), people such as Kim think as long as select suitable binding agent, will reduce Al greatly
2O
3And the extent of reaction between the Ti alloy, and adhesive techniques is the secret that domestic and international businessman and research worker keep extremely, a kind of transition metal oxide colloidal sol is adopted in this experiment, with Al
2O
3Prepare formwork as refractory material, smart casting gamma-TiAl alloy is investigated the interfacial reaction between foundry goods and the formwork, in the hope of obtaining the method for a kind of melting or smart casting gamma-TiAl alloy.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Stability Analysis of Structures, model casting γ-TiAl based alloy formwork with low cost, this method can satisfy the demand of smart casting γ-TiAl structural member.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The preparation method of a kind of model casting γ-TiAl based alloy formwork is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) be that 200～400 purpose schmigels and organosol are that to be mixed with flow cup viscosity in 3.0: 1～4.0: 1 be 10～40 seconds slip by weight with granularity;
2) above-mentioned slip is coated with hangs on the wax-pattern, spreading granularity is 100～16 purpose emergies, drying; 7～8 times so repeatedly, last one deck is coated with bridging slurry, drying;
3) dewaxing, sintering.
Add activating agent, defoamer in the described slip preparation process of step 1), wherein to account for the weight percentage of slip be 1～5 ‰ to activating agent, the weight percentage that defoamer accounts for slip is 1～3 ‰, under stirring, schmigel and activating agent are joined in the organosol, add defoamer again, stir more than 5 hours, placed then 4～12 hours.
Step 2) to immerse flow cup viscosity be in 30～40 seconds the slip 3～6 seconds for described wax-pattern group, and spreading granularity is 100～65 order emergies, under the room temperature dry 10～15 hours, repeat the 2nd layer of aforesaid operations, and form surface layer; Be coated with then and hang the 3rd～7 layered material slurry, slip flow cup viscosity is 10～30 seconds, and every layer is coated with that to spread granularity behind the extension be 45～16 purpose emergies, under the room temperature dry 20～30 hours, forms back-up coat; Last one deck is coated with and hangs flow cup viscosity is 10～30 seconds slip, 40～60 hours following drying times of room temperature.
The back-up coat slip is that described schmigel and Ludox are formulated by 3.0: 1～4.0: 1.
Last layered material slurry is that described schmigel and Ludox are formulated by 3.0: 1～4.0: 1.
Described schmigel is for watering knot attitude or melting attitude.
Described binding agent is the organosol of organo-metallic compound of organosol, Ti, Zr, Th transition elements of transition elements oxide or the organosol of rare earth element (mainly being Y or La series elements), and flow cup viscosity is 10～30 seconds.
The formwork that step 3) is taken off the formation of cured back carries out sintering again after room temperature is placed 4～10 hours, sintering temperature is incubated after 1～4 hour at 600～1000 ℃, is cooled to room temperature.
The defoamer that the present invention adopts can be an alcohols, as n-octyl alcohol, isooctanol etc., can also be the butyl glycol ether phosphate; Activating agent commonly used can be JFC (polyoxyethylated alkyl alcohol), epoxide (as polyoxyethylated alkyl alcohol) or polyethylene glycols activating agent etc.
Drying means of the present invention can be for dry in ventilating kitchen or dry in drying box.
Principle of the present invention is:
The present invention is based on metallic solution and Al
2O
3At high temperature can reach certain balance, suppress a kind of method of the counterdiffusion mutually between metal and the formwork.Under casting condition, the Al element and the Al of molten metal
2O
3In the Al element can reach certain diffusive equilibrium, the stability of formwork depends primarily on the solubility of oxygen element in metallic solution in the formwork.Because the influence of Al content, γ-TiAl compares with titanium alloy, and the ability of dissolved oxygen greatly reduces, therefore, and Al
2O
3The extent of reaction between formwork and γ-TiAl foundry goods well below with the extent of reaction of titanium alloy.Document 4:J.P.Kuang, moral A Harding is looked in the lining, Campbell John, cast metal research. and (J.P.Kuang, R.A.Harding and J.Campbell, Int.J.Cast Metals Res., 2001,13,277.) show, at 1550 ℃, work as Al
2O
3Contact 18,30 with γ-TiAl fused solution to by 60 minutes the time, metal one side still is α
2/ γ lamellar structure.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1. the present invention can give full play to schmigel (Al
2O
3) produce are abundant, cheap, the characteristics of stable performance, and adopt a kind of suitable binding agent (organosol), and be suitable for pouring into a mould γ-TiAl base alloy, reach the requirement of smart casting γ-TiAl structural member.
2. the refractory material of the present invention's employing can be electro-corundum α-Al
2O
3, electro-corundum fusing point height, compact structure, good heat conductivity, thermal coefficient of expansion is little, and good chemical stability is arranged, and is a kind of good essence casting refractory material.
3. the binding agent of the present invention's employing is a kind of organosol of transition metal oxide, this colloidal sol stable in properties, it is constant to several years performances to place some months, with its flow cup viscosity of flow cup viscometer determining is 10～30 seconds, the hydrolysis-condensation reaction can take place in this colloidal sol under suitable condition, form three-dimensional net structure, fire resisting material particle is bonded together, form certain intensity.
4. when the present invention is used to prepare the used formwork of smart casting titanium aluminide, under stirring, powder and activating agent are joined in the binding agent, add a spot of defoamer again, fully stir, be preferably in more than 5 hours, placed then 4～12 hours, be beneficial to returning property of slip; Fully return the slip of property, it is all good with flowability to be coated with extension property, during sclerosis the gelling contraction little, the investment shell intensity height.
5. the activating agent among the present invention has good wetting and penetrating power, and foam is few and be easy to froth breaking, does not influence the stability of slip, and is nontoxic, inexpensive.
6. the capstock starch liquor ratio among the present invention is controlled between 3.0: 1 to 4.0: 1 and changes, and depends primarily on the requirement of required surface roughness; Back-up coat can adopt the slip of Ludox and schmigel preparation, back-up coat slip viscosity reduces successively, be beneficial in the stucco gap that pasting can penetrate into last layer coating and can be good wetting, to get rid of the air in the sand grains gap, make between each layer and to form evenly continuously and the integral body of closely inlaying, prevent to form hole, crack and layering, can guarantee the shell structural strength.
7. when the inventive method prepares formwork, stucco corundum sand grains overstriking gradually from the inside to surface, 1～2 layer is spread thinner sand, and as 100～65 orders, back-up coat spreads thicker sand usually, as 45～16 orders.For fear of layering, the granularity of selected sand and the viscosity of slip will suit, and neither can influence the shell surface quality, also help forming the more coarse back side, thereby help with reinforced layered slurry combination securely.
8. the present invention can dewax with water vapour, makes things convenient for avirulence.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is γ-TiAl cast(ing) surface metallographic structure of adopting the present invention to obtain.
Fig. 2 is the γ-TiAl cast(ing) surface firmness change situation map that adopts the present invention to obtain.
Fig. 3 is the distribution situation figure of each element of electron probing analysis formwork at γ-TiAl cast(ing) surface.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Schmigel is 3.5: 1 with (zirconia sol) weight ratio, activating agent (polyoxyethylated alkyl alcohol, claim JFC again) weight percentage be 5 ‰, the weight percentage of defoamer GP (butyl glycol ether phosphate) is 3 ‰, under stirring schmigel and activating agent is joined in the organosol, adds defoamer again, fully stirred 5 hours, placed then 4 hours, preparation slip 1000ml, gained slip flow cup viscosity is 40 seconds.Took out after in the cleaned wax-pattern group immersion slip 5 seconds, take out and control clean unnecessary slip, spread 100～65 order emergies, the aforesaid operations second layer is repeated in the drying back, and drying is 12 hours under every layer of room temperature, forms surface layer; Be coated with and hang the 3rd～7 layered material slurry, slip flow cup viscosity is 20 seconds, and every layer is coated with that to spread granularity behind the extension be 45～24 purpose emergies, under every layer of room temperature dry 24 hours, form back-up coat, the back-up coat slip with schmigel and Ludox by weight 3.5: 1 formulated; Last one deck only is coated with hangs the slip that back-up coat adopted, 48 hours following drying times of room temperature, concrete technological parameter such as table 1.Abundant dried wax-pattern dewaxes with water vapour, and the formwork that has taken off wax carries out sintering after room temperature is placed 6 hours, and sintering temperature is 900 ℃, is incubated 2 hours and is cooled to room temperature, and gained formwork inner surface is bright and clean, the intensity height.
Table 1
| Flow cup viscosity (second) | Temperature (℃) | Humidity (%) | Room temperature (℃) | Stucco | Drying time | |
| 1～2 layer | ????40 | ??15～20 | ??50～60 | ??22±2 | 100～65 orders | 12 hours |
| 3～7 layers | ????20 | ??15～20 | ??50～60 | ??22±2 | 45～24 orders | 24 hours |
| 8 layers | ????20 | ??15～20 | ??50～60 | ??22±2 | Not stucco | 48 hours |
The formwork of method for preparing is carried out the hot investment casting test of Ti-46Al alloy.Formwork is put into the sandbox levelling fix, in Muffle furnace, be preheated to 950 ℃ of insulations 2 hours.With water jacketed copper crucible induction furnace melting gamma-TiAl alloy, centrifugal casting gamma-TiAl alloy structural member.Structural member any surface finish, no scab phenomenon.
Interpretation of result:
As seen from Figure 1, smooth at cast(ing) surface, do not find any tangible conversion zone or product.
As shown in Figure 2, cast(ing) surface hardness has increase slightly, this mainly be since foundry goods in cooling procedure, due to the cooling velocity on surface is very fast.
By Fig. 3, EPMA result shows at cast(ing) surface, not have the enrichment phenomenon of Al element; Oxygen element has lower content at cast(ing) surface, and the transition metal in the binding agent is lower at the content of cast(ing) surface, is not enough to cause the variation of surface quality of continuous castings.
Comparative example
Carry out the hot investment casting test of Ti alloy by the formwork of embodiment 1 method preparation.Formwork is put into the sandbox levelling fix, in Muffle furnace, be preheated to 950 ℃ of insulations 2 hours.With water jacketed copper crucible induction furnace melting gamma-TiAl alloy, the tensile test bar of the pure titanium of centrifugal casting, to compare with embodiment 2.Found that structural member rough surface, scab are serious, show that this invention can not be used to pour into a mould titanium alloy precision casting.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
Schmigel is 3: 1 with (organosol of metallic yttrium) weight ratio, the weight percentage of activating agent (lauryl alcohol oxirane propane condensation product) is 3 ‰, the weight percentage of defoamer (isooctanol) is 2 ‰, under stirring, schmigel and activating agent are joined in the organosol, add defoamer again, fully stirred 8 hours, placed then 8 hours, preparation slip 1000ml, gained slip flow cup viscosity is 35 seconds.Took out after in the cleaned wax-pattern group immersion slip 4 seconds, take out and control clean unnecessary slip, spread 100～65 order emergies, the aforesaid operations second layer is repeated in the drying back, and drying is 10 hours under every layer of room temperature, forms surface layer; Be coated with and hang the 3rd～7 layered material slurry, slip flow cup viscosity is 25 seconds, and every layer is coated with that to spread granularity behind the extension be 45～24 purpose emergies, under every layer of room temperature dry 20 hours, form back-up coat, the back-up coat slip with schmigel and Ludox by weight 3: 1 formulated; Last one deck is coated with hangs the slip that back-up coat adopted, 40 hours following drying times of room temperature, concrete technological parameter such as table 1.Abundant dried wax-pattern dewaxes with water vapour, and the formwork that has taken off wax carries out sintering after room temperature is placed 4 hours, and sintering temperature is 600 ℃, is incubated 4 hours and is cooled to room temperature, and gained formwork inner surface is bright and clean, the intensity height.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is:
Schmigel is 4: 1 with (the pure oxide of transition metals Ti) weight ratio, the weight percentage of activating agent (poly-Isopropanediol ether) is 1 ‰, the weight percentage of defoamer (n-octyl alcohol) is 1 ‰, under stirring, schmigel and activating agent are joined in the organosol, add defoamer again, fully stirred 6 hours, placed then 12 hours, preparation slip 1000ml, gained slip flow cup viscosity is 30 seconds.Took out after in the cleaned wax-pattern group immersion slip 3 seconds, take out and control clean unnecessary slip, spread 100～65 order emergies, the aforesaid operations second layer is repeated in the drying back, and drying is 15 hours under every layer of room temperature, forms surface layer; Be coated with and hang the 3rd～7 layered material slurry, slip flow cup viscosity is 15 seconds, and every layer is coated with that to spread granularity behind the extension be 24～16 purpose emergies, under every layer of room temperature dry 30 hours, form back-up coat, the back-up coat slip with schmigel and Ludox by weight 4: 1 formulated; Last one deck is coated with hangs the slip that back-up coat adopted, 60 hours following drying times of room temperature, concrete technological parameter such as table 1.Abundant dried wax-pattern dewaxes with water vapour, and the formwork that has taken off wax carries out sintering after room temperature is placed 10 hours, and sintering temperature is 750 ℃, is incubated 1 hour and is cooled to room temperature, and gained formwork inner surface is bright and clean, the intensity height.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of preparation method of fusible pattern casting γ-TiAl based alloy formwork is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) be that 200～400 purpose schmigels and organosol are that to be mixed with flow cup viscosity in 3.0: 1～4.0: 1 be 10～40 seconds slip by weight with granularity;
2) above-mentioned slip is coated with hangs on the wax-pattern, spreading granularity is 100～16 purpose emergies, drying; 7～8 times so repeatedly, last one deck is coated with bridging slurry, drying;
3) dewaxing, sintering.
2, according to the preparation method of the described model casting γ of claim 1-TiAl based alloy formwork, it is characterized in that: add activating agent, defoamer in the described slip preparation process of step 1), wherein to account for the weight percentage of slip be 1～5 ‰ to activating agent, the weight percentage that defoamer accounts for slip is 1～3 ‰, under stirring, schmigel and activating agent are joined in the organosol, add defoamer again, stir more than 5 hours, placed then 4～12 hours.
3, according to the preparation method of the described model casting γ of claim 1-TiAl based alloy formwork, it is characterized in that: step 2) to immerse flow cup viscosity be in 30～40 seconds the slip 3～6 seconds for described wax-pattern group, spreading granularity is 100～65 order emergies, drying is 10～15 hours under the room temperature, repeat the 2nd layer of aforesaid operations, form surface layer; Be coated with then and hang the 3rd～7 layered material slurry, slip flow cup viscosity is 10～30 seconds, and every layer is coated with that to spread granularity behind the extension be 45～16 purpose emergies, under the room temperature dry 20～30 hours, forms back-up coat; Last one deck is coated with and hangs flow cup viscosity is 10～30 seconds slip, 40～60 hours following drying times of room temperature.
4, according to the preparation method of the described model casting γ of claim 3-TiAl based alloy formwork, it is characterized in that: the back-up coat slip is that described schmigel and Ludox are formulated by 3.0: 1～4.0: 1.
5, according to the preparation method of the described model casting γ of claim 3-TiAl based alloy formwork, it is characterized in that: last layered material slurry is that described schmigel and Ludox are formulated by 3.0: 11～4.0: 1.
6, according to the preparation method of the described model casting γ of claim 1-TiAl based alloy formwork, it is characterized in that: described schmigel is for watering knot attitude or melting attitude.
7, according to the preparation method of the described model casting γ of claim 1-TiAl based alloy formwork, it is characterized in that: described binding agent is the organosol of organo-metallic compound of organosol, Ti, Zr, Th transition elements of transition elements oxide or the organosol of rare earth element, and flow cup viscosity is 10～30 seconds.
8, according to the preparation method of the described model casting γ of claim 1-TiAl based alloy formwork, it is characterized in that: the formwork that step 3) is taken off the formation of cured back carries out sintering again after room temperature is placed 4～10 hours, sintering temperature is incubated after 1～4 hour at 600～1000 ℃, is cooled to room temperature.
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| CN109128037A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏大学 | A kind of composite modified ceramic shell and preparation method thereof |
| CN109550898A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-04-02 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Titanium-aluminium alloy investment casting method |
| CN111360193A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-03 | 江苏集萃先进金属材料研究所有限公司 | Surface layer inert composite slurry for investment casting and preparation method thereof |
| CN112338132A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-09 | 吴应卓 | Process for manufacturing shell surface layer by using compact corundum surface layer powder and surface layer sand |
| CN112605341A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-06 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Surface layer shell capable of inhibiting burr defects of precision casting, preparation method and shell with surface layer shell |
| CN112705669A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-27 | 吴应卓 | Process for manufacturing shell surface layer by using plate-shaped corundum surface layer powder and surface layer sand |
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