CN1540893A - Data structure providing storage and bandwith savings for hardware RTCP statistics collection appliances - Google Patents
Data structure providing storage and bandwith savings for hardware RTCP statistics collection appliances Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Data structures for efficient tracking of Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) statistical information reported in connection with a Real-Time Protocol (RTP) encapsulated data stream, and a signaling protocol for updating corresponding statistical information between a hardware statistics information collection module and a software statistics information processing module is presented. Hardware and software data structure specifications take into account: the arrival rate of RTCP statistics reports, the rate of generation of RTP packets, the rate of generation of RTCP reports, expected communication session duration, statistics information processing bandwidth, etc.; to provide a balance between hardware statistics information tracking, timely update of statistics information processed by the software module, while reducing statistics information update overheads in support of high density data streaming solutions.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to communication monitoring, particularly relate to and provide hardware statistics to collect to be supported in the method and apparatus of packet switched data transmission network transmission telephony quality voice data.
Background of invention
In field of telecommunications, telephony quality is professional normally to be provided via circuit switched signal transmissions foundation structure as plain old telephone service (POTS).Current exist a kind of on packet switched data transmission infrastructure the needs of supply telephony quality flow-data business.Existence is towards the actual market pressure of convergence technology.The convergence technology relates to speech, data and the video supply of merging on the identical traffic infrastructure, and this realizes by integral telecommunication and computer technology.Yet, a kind of demand of supporting that simultaneously ever-increasing telecommunication session quantity high density is implemented that provides is provided.
Circuit-switched communications and packet switching communication are all based on the different operating principle that makes the different operating parameter optimization.Quality of service is defined as the combination of operational parameter value.Circuit-switched communications attempts to provide the signal transmission of zero-lag and zero shake, and packet switching communication attempts to realize bandwidth efficiency.The transition that are fed to the packet switching supply from traditional circuit are important topics of current research and development.Although packet-switched transmission is followed the operation principle different with circuit-switched technology, there is a kind of demand of using packet-switch technology to realize utilizing traditionally the quality of service that circuit-switched technology provides.
The typical case of packet-switched telephony service provider case implements to utilize IP phone (VoIP) technology.Voip technology relates to the VoIP transmitted in packets that conforms to quick service level assurance.With the circuit-switched technology contrast, wherein telephone conversation is associated with the end-to-end link of special use, carries out Route Selection independently of one another by the speech groups of samples of VoIP transmitted in packets in the packet switching network.The speech groups of samples of assembling forms data flow, on the terminal station, destination, uses the reproduction time of calculating with reference to the clock that is associated with the terminal station, destination to play this data flow then.
With according to the black phone supply contrast of constant rate of speed via the special circuit safe transmission of speech sampling, the professional supply of voip phone is subjected to the restriction of the quick burst transmission of VoIP grouping.Burst transmission is obtained from each VoIP and is grouped in the voice data sampling that transmits specific quantity in the speech groups of samples that forms the VoIP packet payload.The previous voice data sampling that generates is accumulated in the VoIP packet payload, waits the voice data sampling that generates subsequently before transmitting.
The further feature that relates to burst transmission in the packet switching communication is relevant with the transmitted in packets on the network node of the packet switching network.Packet transaction has been introduced the processing delay of transmitted in packets.Internet protocol (IP) transmitted in packets has been utilized storage and tranmission techniques, stores packets under armed state.The storage of pending grouping is subjected to queueing technique, arranges the restriction to delay, the professional subject of formation etc., and all these have introduced variable delay.The combination of these effects is shown as variable packets on the terminal station, the destination time (being referred to as shake in the art) between arriving.
The telephone service supply is addressing on above-mentioned factor and the packet switched infrastructure, and is two following problems that patent application is improved.
The denomination of invention of submitting on March 20th, 2002 has solved the problem that relates to source and local clock dynamic synchronization for the common appointment U.S. Patent application 10/103,299 of pending trial of " detecting the method for drifting about between two clocks ", and this application is quoted at this, for your guidance.Explanation now detects the method and apparatus that drifts about between two clocks.This equipment comprises the hardware enforcement of clock drift estimation device.The estimation device monitors the grouping of paid-in associated data stream, and extracts the markers that is generated by the source clock from each grouping.Difference d and the d_ref value extracted between markers and the local zone time compare, and are that receive morning or late reception to determine grouping.According to an official hour table, the grade that evening of grouping receives or early receive is compared with a tolerance grade, whether there is relative drift between the pacing with the pacing of definite source clock and local clock.The support that the detection of drifting about between two clocks provides the professional skill to supply data mobile service under the packet switching environment to guarantee.
The denomination of invention that on May 7th, 2002 submitted to is the common appointment U.S. Patent application 10/139 of pending trial of " the multiplexed time index of effective ways of pressing hardware scheduling ", 644 have solved the problem that relates to the hardware handles scheduling, this application is quoted at this, for your guidance.This equipment comprises the job catalog table.Each job catalog is preserved need be at the processing spec of corresponding time interval manipulate.Each job catalog is analyzed by a dispatch list during corresponding interval, operates the processing of appointment in this catalogue then.This processing method of operation also comprises determining of the next time interval, and wherein processing spec need be operated and insert to this processing in corresponding to the job catalog of fixed next operating time.Also have many enforcements at present, wherein specified need be in the work unit of events corresponding interim operation for job catalog.The entire process ability of dispatch list is used to the processing of scheduling operation.Its advantage stems from effective utilization of dispatch list disposal ability, because increased treating capacity in order to support high-density applications.
Except that above-mentioned improvement, also must solve the quick IP transmitted in packets problem of destination terminal that arrives safe and sound that can not guarantee to divide into groups, and solve dispatching station and can select to forbid the VoIP transmitted in packets, transmit the problem of voice data sampling separately with low signal energy.This quiet inhibition technology is favourable reducing transmission bandwidth aspect utilizing.However, at the receiving terminal station, the unavailability of the speech data from the sample survey that is used to play (no matter reason of unavailability) causes noiseless broadcast.When the speech broadcast lacks the sound of setting up marvellous sensation, will perceive quality of service and obviously reduce.Must utilize comfort noise insertion technology to strengthen the quality of service of being felt.
Consider that human speech has the practical work of about 0.4 activity factor, therefore about 60% of the speech sampling that generates in the human speech of digitlization is noiseless.Aspect the theme that generates comfort noise model-other file description, carried out a large amount of substance exploitations at present.These a large amount of recent development can not be provided at the appropriate method of inserting the comfort noise model during the broadcast.Comfort noise on the terminal station, destination inserts must consider following factor: the quiet inhibition incident when shortage receives grouping, lack the indicated grouping incident that abandons of dividing into groups that receives, and postpone that grouping arrives etc.Use if consider convergence, then need to develop the equipment and the method that can walk abreast comfort noise and be inserted into independently a plurality of speech stream effectively.
The denomination of invention that on July 15th, 2002 submitted to is the common appointment U.S. Patent application 10/195 of pending trial of " the hardware enforcement that the IP phone of supporting comfort noise to insert is play ", 657 provide the playout schedule scheme, are used for the voice data sampling packet payload of quick transmission on packet switched infrastructure.This hardware enforcement provides the support that walks abreast and independent comfort noise inserts, and the support of the dynamic clock adjustment of the telephone conversation of supplying walking abreast, and does not need resource to signal.The high density scheme that this equipment and method support increase in proportion to a large amount of parallel telephone conversations of supplying.
In a trial that high quality of service further is provided, utilize the feature of the quick transmission of feedback mechanism visit VoIP grouping, to support self adaptation VoIP scheme.
Real-time transport protocol (rtp) is a kind of session-layer protocol, be used to the application of the real-time flow-data of exchange (being such as but not limited to audio frequency flows mobile with video) that the ad-hoc network transfer function is provided, wherein said data flow on multicast of supplying via packet exchange communication network or unicast data transmission business.Described Real-time Transport Protocol among the RFC1889, this document is being hereby incorporated by reference.
In multi-player, multimedia application is such as video conference, audio or video payload unit uses RTP header 110 as prefix, as shown in Figure 1, audio or video payload unit comprises datastream source identifier 112, the payload type classifier 114 of designation data form (for example, the type of the Signal Compression of use), the sequence number 116 that is used for thin note and payload unit record, timing again that is used to flow and the markers of playing 118.
The real time control protocol of an association (RTCP) is used in combination with RTP, with the quality of service of real time monitoring transmission, and transmits about carrying out the participant's of video conference session information.RFC1889 has also described rtcp protocol, quotes this document for your guidance at this.For each RTP session, all participant-transmit legs and recipient station-all must broadcast related periodically own state and the report information of both sides' state.
The broadcasting report information comprises: simple signal, and carry on a shoulder pole any adding or leave the indication of meeting linguistic context; The participant describes, and includes but not limited to: name, addresses of items of mail, telephone number etc.; Perhaps statistical report.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show typical transmit leg 200 and recipient's 300 statistical reports respectively.This statistical report is for example specified the number of the following: the grouping 222 of transmission, and the grouping 224/324 of losing arrives jitter 226/326, etc.
Particularly, statistical report 200/300 makes on the network node of device in the path of grouping process and assembles payload, triggers the real-time response to the communication network situation.Response comprises and for example changes the signal pressure shrinkage, adjusts video frame rate, adjusts the video image size, and/or suppresses low-yield audio frequency payload (quiet inhibition).
Modern convergence device is such as but not limited to media gateway, supports the stream of a large amount of parallel videos/audio content RTP encapsulation of increase day by day.On a specific device, assemble packet transaction speed and be directly proportional with the parallel flow quantity of processing.The RTCP statistics collection will need mainly to operate on the hardware, to guarantee to handle the certainty performance of receiving and counting message context.
Providing, preferentially select hardware to implement to the mobile service provider face of packet switching.Hardware implements to benefit from the designed processing VoIP response packet time.
Yet, in transmission statistic information, often do not send the RTCP grouping.Usually, once with in the per minute time range once produce statistical report 300 at per second.Therefore, in software, realize the generation of statistical report 300 and the preparation of RTCP grouping.
Hardware statistics is collected the problem of bringing difficulty to high-density applications, comprising: follow the tracks of the required storage resources amount of statistical information; Upgrade each transmission or receive the required bandwidth of statistics storage of dividing into groups; And collect and follow the tracks of the hardware and the processing of statistical information and communication stream between the software of real-time response is provided.
Therefore, there is a kind of demand that addresses the above problem.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of processing real time control protocol (RTCP) statistical information, to support via the mobile professional equipment of the high density of packet exchange communication network infrastructure supply.This equipment comprises: a plurality of statistics storage organizations.Each statistics structure is followed the tracks of the cumulative statistics information about a mobile service stream that is supplied accordingly.This equipment also comprises a hardware statistics processing unit.Hardware statistics processing unit real-time inspection real-time protocol (rtp) encapsulating packets and RTCP encapsulating packets.The hardware statistics processing unit extracts statistical information from RTP and RTCP grouping, with updating corresponding data structure.The hardware statistics processing unit encapsulates mobile service stream packets payload with the statistical information among the statistics structure that is kept at correspondence.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the hardware statistics processing unit comprises the high speed logic piece of support hardware high density statistical disposition.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, each statistics structure comprises the field of the cumulative statistics value that storage is followed the tracks of.The high-speed hardware storage is used for the inspection of statistics structure.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, only fast-changing statistical information is kept in each statistics structure.
According to a further aspect of the invention, one group of the numeral of the statistics structure statistical information that field store is tracked minimum significant bit.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the statistics storage organization is subdivided into two register area, wherein only visits a register area when handling grouping.
According to a further aspect of the invention, each statistics structure comprises a signalling mechanism, is used for the cumulative statistics report information of being followed the tracks of is given the software statistics processing module of an association.Signalling mechanism comprises at least one sign that signals.
According to a further aspect of the invention, described equipment also comprises a clock that increases progressively address counter.This address counter is specified a mobile service stream in each clock cycle, is used for the statistical information that corresponding statistics structure keeps is reported to related software statistics processing module.
According to a further aspect of the invention, this equipment also comprises: a media gateway communication net node, media gateway parts that are associated with the communication gate node, a physical layer device that is associated with the communication gate node, a single-chip physical layer device that is associated with the communication gate node, a physical port device, a single-chip physical port controller, a network equipment and an IP phone.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the mobile service stream of being supplied is merged into the mobile service flow context, such as: an audio broadcasting session, a call, a videoconference, a video broadcasting, a video call, a video conference, a data broadcasting, a mobile dialogue of data etc.
According to a further aspect of the invention, described equipment also comprises: the software statistics processing module of an association comprises preparation RTCP report grouping and arbitrarily carries out the processing unit that complex statistics is handled; Extra memory, the slow change statistics that storage is followed the tracks of.
According to a further aspect of the invention, one group of significant bit the highest of the numeral of the extra memory storage statistical value of following the tracks of.
According to a further aspect of the invention, provide a kind of tracking real time control protocol (RTCP) statistical information, to support via the mobile professional method of the high density of packet exchange communication network infrastructure supply.Extract the static fields value from RTP that has received and RTPC grouping about mobile service stream.For supporting the mobile Business Stream supply of high density, use quick change statistics, upgrade and preserve the statistical information field in the corresponding statistics structure, to realize the compactness of stored statistical information.
According to a further aspect of the invention, described method also comprises from the field value that has extracted and obtains statistical information.
According to a further aspect of the invention, change fast the highest significant bit and be stored in the corresponding statistics structure, be submitted in the extra memory storage and store and change minimum significant bit at a slow speed.
According to a further aspect of the invention, when the access statistic data structure content, handled grouping for each and carried out single or multiple sequential access operations.
According in one aspect of the present invention, the statistical information field value is being offered in the software statistics processing module that is associated, produce an interruption, subsequent signal is notified this related software statistics processing module.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the reception according to a request that is kept at the statistical information field value in the statistics structure provides the statistical information field value to the software processing module that is associated.
According to a further aspect of the invention, receive RTP or the RTCP grouping in the software statistics processing module that is associated from, described method also comprises: upgrade the statistical report field that has received grouping with statistical information, and submit the grouping of transmission via the communications infrastructure that is associated to.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, upgrade the statistical report field that has received grouping, comprise the minimum significant bit that upgrades the statistical report field with statistical information.
Advantage of the present invention is obtained from hardware data storage organization and the software data storage organization stipulations of considering following factor: the arrival rate of RTCP statistical report, and the speed that the RTP grouping generates, the expection communication session duration, statistical information is handled bandwidth etc.; With when serving as to support that the high density data mobility program reduces the statistical information updating cost, provide the balance that upgrades in time of the statistical information of hardware statistics information trace, software processes.
Brief Description Of Drawings
By below in conjunction with the detailed description of accompanying drawing, will make the features and advantages of the present invention become clearer to exemplary embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that shows the RTP encapsulation payload format of RFC 1889;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that shows RFC 1889 transmit leg RTCP statistical report packet formats;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that shows RFC 1889 recipient RTCP statistical report packet formats;
Fig. 4 shows typical media gateway parts of realization of one embodiment of the invention and for supporting the schematic diagram of the treatment step that the VoIP mobile service is carried out;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of a typical format of data structure that is used to follow the tracks of statistical information of exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Note that same characteristic features adopts similar mark in the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment describes in detail
Fig. 4 has shown the exemplary device 400 of handling RTP and RTCP grouping in supply VoIP stream business, such as the typical components of media gateway.Media gateway 400 provides the VoIP to terminal station 406-B to support.Media gateway 400 connects communication network 402 via physical link, and receives the grouping from the VoIP source of the simplest end user station 406-A.The grouping that is received includes but not limited to: RIP grouping 100, carry and the payload of the context dependent connection of holding a meeting; The report of RTCP transmit leg (SR) grouping 200; RTCP addressee's report (RR) grouping 300.
According to an exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the RTCP statistical disposition provides via a hardware module 410 and a software module 450, wherein hardware module 410 is handled the collection 414 and the storage 416 of RTCP statistics, and software module 450 is handled the configuration 452 of RTCP RR grouping 300.The advantage that this operation distributes stems from the optimum utilization of hardware and software, and wherein: RTCP hardware 410 provides the two-forty simple statistics to handle, and RTCP software 450 provides the low rate complex statistics to handle.
Recipient unit 412 receives RTP grouping 100, RTCP SR grouping 200 and RTCP RR grouping 300 via physical link 404.The grouping of all receptions is checked in recipient unit 412.
Referring to Fig. 2, hereinafter will provide the specifying of the static fields of transmit leg RTCP statistical report grouping 200, comprising:
The classified counting 222 of-transmit leg: quantity-32 bit of the RTP packet that transmit leg has sent since connecting foundation;
Eight bit batch totals several 232 of-transmit leg: quantity-32 bit of the bytes of payload that since connecting foundation, has sent via the RTP packet;
-partial loss 234: since the grouping of last RTCP receiving and counting, part-8 bit of in transmission, losing from the RTP packet in given source;
The cumulative number 224 of-packet loss: since connect setting up, quantity-24 bit of in transmission, losing from the RTP packet in given source;
-the highest sequence number that extends receives 228: the highest sequence number of Jie Shouing (the RTP sequence number only is 16 bits, and last 16 bits of 32 bit fields reflect the number of times that overturns)-32 bits up to now;
Shake 226 between-arrival: all groupings on, the class interval at recipient station is than estimation-32 bit of the difference at transmit leg station.
Statistic unit 416 and receiving element 412 reciprocations so that the statistical information that provides in the 414 RTCP SR groupings 200 that received, the RTCP RR grouping 300 to be provided, and upgrade this statistical information by the header information of taking from RTP grouping 100.Statistic unit 416 remains on local storage 418 to the tracking of extracting statistical information that is used for each VoIP that supplies stream.
The single chip solution that RTCP statistical trace hardware 410 can be associated according to the multiport 408 with single port 408 or typical media gateway 400 is implemented.
Although RTCP hardware 410 is only followed the tracks of above six fields, the memory that high density VoIP application need is a large amount of to each VoIP stream.Outer (outside/device center) memory 430 of chip can be used to provide simple statistical information storage, yet utilizes data/address bus 432 to utilize bandwidth for each reception grouping writes a large amount of statistical information bytes.Unfortunately, the memory access bandwidth is the bottleneck of whole system, thus should preservation supply the VoIP business the storage of two-forty RTP packet payload and recover.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in part hardware and part software, realize following the tracks of the statistical counter of RTCP statistics.Change minimum the highest effective counter bit during the voip conversation and be stored in the software, be stored in the hardware and change the most frequent minimum effectively counter bit.The invention provides the statistics of the RTCP closely structure 500 of stored statistical information in local storage 418, its typical format as shown in Figure 5.RTCP data structure shown in the present invention is not intended to be limited to.The purpose that typical bit shielding is shown is not to get rid of other arrangement of data structural field, therefore not deviating under the whole spiritual prerequisite of tightness, can arrange identical field by similar manner.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, statistic unit 416 uses 192 bits of taking from 414 each RTCPSR grouping 200, upgrades data structure 500 closely, and this data structure 500 has been used and has been arranged at four 32 128 total number of bits in the bit-rows.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the arrangement of statistical information field shown in Figure 5 at any time is merely able to make two 32 bit-rows by access.When RTP100 that is used for VoIP stream via port 408 transmissions or RTCP RR300 grouping, have only first to go to needs by access.When RTP 100 that is used for VoIP stream via port 408 receptions or RTCP SR200 grouping, only need the first couple of access second row.According to the access width between statistic unit 416 and the local storage 418 is an enforcement of 64 bits, and each grouping only needs the single memory storage cycle.
The field of hardware RTCP statistics structure 500 is:
Two transmissions 514 make logical bit (TCE and RCE) indicate whether to have specified a VoIP stream for the statistics collection on the respective direction with reception 516 contexts, thereby whether the middle value of storing of indication respective data structures field (500) is effective.
In order to calculate packet loss, need know the packet count of expection.Can be that each VoIP flowmeter of being supplied is calculated the packet count of expection according to following pass: the value of the highest sequence number of Jie Shouing deducts the value of first sequence number that has received up to now.Transmitter (406-A) distributes the value of first sequence number in connection setup time.The sequence number value of storage first observation is effectively, once, only uses it once because only see it, after this guarantees not contact condition.Field " first/highest sequence number " 502 and " sequence number transmission " (SC) 504 provide for this purpose.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the value of first sequence number only is stored in the field 502 in short-term, it is reported to the CPU434 of operation RTCP statistical software module 450.In case report to CPU434, just reuse the value that field 502 stores the highest sequence number that runs into so far into.RS (accepting state) bit 506 is used to specific field 502 and whether is storing first and the value of highest sequence number.Utilize this tactful reason to be, highest sequence number value (116) is dull increasing, and the short time is ignored field 502 can drop-out, after this just upgrades this field 502 in case reported first sequence number.
The RTP sequence number length that provides in the RTP grouping 100 is 16 bits, so field 502 also is necessary for 16 bits.RTCP statistical packet form specifies in sequence number value respectively in the field 228 and 328 of 32 bit lengths.The exemplary embodiments according to the present invention, software 450 is kept the highest significant bit on 16, so that memory stores is kept in the local storage 418, and preserves the bandwidth that transmits 436 these values via data/address bus 432.As long as the sequence number of following the trail of upset just is set to high logic value to SC bit field 504, and inform that as one software 450 must increase the signal of the highest effective indexed bits of continuity.
Must select the time interval of software upgrading 436, so that guarantee to occur between the continuous software upgrading 436 upset no more than to field 502.Therefore, depend on the grouping arrival rate update time at interval.
Two bits of accepting state (RS) field 506 are used for controlling and are used to specify first and the field 502 of highest sequence number.The typical stipulations of RS field 506 comprise:
" 00 "-start the contextual stream of packets of VoIP, but do not receive first grouping this moment.When first grouping reaches, the first grouping serial number field value is set.
" 01 "-start the contextual stream of packets of VoIP, received first grouping this moment, but CPU 434 does not also read first sequence number field 502.Newer field 502 more not.
" 10 "-start the stream of packets of VoIP have received first grouping this moment, and CPU434 has finished first sequence number value is read.More newer field 502, to show the highest sequence number value of receiving so far.
The classified counting 508 and the SPC509 of transmit leg, and recipient's classified counting 510 and RPC511 field are used for being stored as the cumulative number of the grouping that given VoIP context sends and receive.SPC509 and RPC511 bit are indicated corresponding counter 508/510 upset, and when needed as the signal of informing software upgrading higher order bit.
Transmit leg classified counting 508 and recipient's classified counting 510 required maximum number bits are 16, because used 16 bits in RTP grouping 100, with the above-mentioned sequence number value of storage about first/highest sequence number field 502.If the Bit Allocation in Discrete greater than 16 is followed the trail of to classified counting, then every 216-217 grouping must report to CPU434 to upset.On the other hand, be less than 16 bits if use, then increase required reciprocation between software 450 and the hardware 410 by index law, this uses transition the CPU access bandwidth (432) that lacks very much.
Suppose one each flow the worst case that per 125 μ s (be used for VoIP packet voice use basic sample time unit) produce a grouping, in the case, per 2
17* 0.125ms or 16 seconds needs have a upset to upgrade reciprocation between hardware 410 and software 450 counters.This renewal rate even can make bottom processor 434 support into hundred streams aspect the support of VoIP scheme.
The accumulation grouping of having lost since VoIP connects foundation equals highest sequence number 502-first sequence number (502)-recipient's classified counting 510, and when needs RTCP grouping prepares 452, can easily be calculated by CPU434.Can calculate partial loss equally, but difference is that evaluation time periodic duty is " beginning when being sent out from last RTCP receiving and counting grouping ", rather than connects the foundation beginning certainly.When needing, software 450 can come these values of access by repeating query hardware data structure 500.
Field transmit leg byte count 512 and " BC " 513 are used for storing the byte cumulative number that sends for given VoIP so far.512 upsets of BC513 bit indication counter, and inform that as one software 450 upgrades the signal of the higher order bit of being followed the trail of by software 450 when needed.Because the VoIP payload that transmits in the RTP grouping 100 is no more than 128 bytes (perhaps 128 * 125 μ s=16ms of speech sampling) usually, so the length of transmit leg byte count field 512 does not need to exceed (508) 7 of transmit leg packet count field more than the bit.
Under desirable operating condition, each VoIP grouping (100) " expection " time just from the 406-A of dispatching station arrival, and emit by the recipient 406-B that stands immediately.According to ideal situation, even network delay has been experienced in each VoIP grouping (100), the variation that is grouped into the delay of VoIP grouping appearance from VoIP also will be very little, so that when next VoIP divided into groups to arrive, the recipient stands 406-B or media gateway 400 can be with this variation of nearly reliability prediction.This predictability can guarantee that VoIP grouping (100) arrives, and the recipient 405-B that stands just emits speech sampling grouping, because new speech groups of samples is when arriving, the speech groups of samples just in time finishes to emit the preceding, without any cognizable audio gaps.
Yet communication network 402 has experienced some variation that is grouped into the stand-by period of VoIP grouping from VoIP, i.e. network jitter in fact.Emit next receive the speech sampling before, insert a weak point " playout-delay " artificially at the recipient 406-B that stands, listener (406-B) is discovered less than effect of jitter.The playout-delay of introducing, such as comfort noise, can be quite little, so that can normally carry out session/meeting, and either party does not experience delayed response.Yet the playout-delay of insertion is looked is enough to compensate the variation that is grouped into the stand-by period that occurs the packet network 402 of a VoIP grouping from a VoIP.The artificial insertion of playout-delay also means recipient stand 406-B or the additional VoIP packet queue of storage space to arriving of media gateway 400 needs related with it, plays after inserting playout-delay then.The annex memory space is referred to as " jitter buffer ".
Arrive jitter and be very easy to change, therefore must calculate,, and must follow the tracks of the absolute value of these differences in time so that supervision arrives the poor of packet awaits time from the VoIP that a VoIP is grouped into next VoIP grouping.For the stream of the VoIP in the corresponding statistics structure 500, statistic unit 416 is kept the stand-by period 534 of last appearance and two field d of " arriving jitter+4 " estimation (depositing) 526
I-1
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, storage arrives the required bit number of estimation of jitter value 526 when managing to realize storing tightness, is subjected to the stand influence of 406-B (or media gateway 400) by the recipient who inserts the playout-delay compensate for jitter and influence.Listening to too many playout-delay will make conversation/meeting experience uncomfortable delay.In fact, the maximum tolerance of voice service supply shake is 128ms.When 125 μ s are used as " heartbeat " of measurement unit in the voice service supply, 10 bits (that is, 2
10* 125 μ s=128ms) be enough to follow the tracks of the shake of being experienced.
Can determine the packet awaits time according to recipient the poor of i ' s time of advent on 406-B or the media gateway 400 and i ' the s settling time on the 406-A of transmit leg station that stand.The VoIP grouping is comprised in the 32-bit markers 118 in the RTP header, as shown in Figure 1 settling time.When grouping arrives,, determine the time of advent of each VoIP grouping by the pseudo-time counter (per 125 μ s increase progressively 1 by local clock) of consulting 32-bit.Have identical frequency although can suppose the clock of recipient and transmit leg, this is irrelevant by the time value of each report of two clocks with any time.The present invention is to d
iThe set of values that can adopt without limits.Above-mentioned RFC1889 and the sequence number of quoting are the reason that 10/103,299 U.S. Patent application has shown this arrangement.
As mentioned above, grouping arrives the difference D of time waiting time
iAbsolute value must be confirmed as being grouped into next VoIP grouping from a VoIP, be used for each i difference D
iProvide by following formula:
D
i＝|d
i-d
i-1|
In order to calculate D
i, caused at the stand-by period of preceding grouping d
I-1524 must be stored in the data structure that is used for each stream.
Determine one corresponding to after the difference current and the packet awaits time between the VoIP grouping the preceding, D
iJust be used to calculate the operation estimation of shake J, this J is provided by following formula:
J
i＝J
i-1+(D
i-J
i-1)/16。
This equation is represented a single order recurrence low pass filter, and this filter is new data point D
iAdd in the operation estimation of shake J, thereby the not obviously better convergence of vibration is provided.
It at first occurs, d
I-1Field 524 will need 32 bits, because d
I-1Adoptable value is unrestricted.Because J comes down to the D of all i
iOperation estimation, if obviously J is the numerical value that can use 10 bits to represent, then can obtain D
iTherefore, although d
iAnd d
I-1Each can be 32 bit values arbitrarily, but their absolute value always can be expressed with 10 bits.Provide needs to use the maximum number of 11 bits to express d in the appendix A
iAnd deposit the proof of data structures 500 in.
In fact, seen that 14 bits are more suitable for having in storage the value of the shake estimation J of additional accuracy.4 additional bits are equivalent to the part component of 125 μ s chronomeres, and using these 4 additional bits is for the integer that reaches the accurate RTCP packet formats of jitter field 526 image scales (RFC1889) defined is expressed like that.
The needs of degree of precision come from and calculate " removing 16 " computing of using in the above-mentioned shake.In hardware (410), by the binary representation of numerical value is implemented to remove 2 in displacement m bit position to the right
mComputing.Suppose (according to critical condition), if for all j, D
iValue=15, then Jitter Calculation will be handled by following formula:
J＝0+(15-0)/16＝0+15/16＝0，
Because the binary representation of the decimal system " 15 " is " 1111 ", so behind right shift 4 bit positions, J becomes 0.In the case, the value of J will no longer converge on its eigenvalue 15.For 1/16 precision, must calculate and store the decimal system part of shake J, therefore need additional 4 bits.
CPU434 and statistical module 416 reciprocations 438.As implied above, some statistical counter partly is kept in the hardware 410 via the specific data structure 500 that flows, and is partly kept by CPU434 in the central memory 430 of corresponding data record 440.When hardware counter overturn, need a mechanism to send signalisation CPU434: the higher order bits of storage must increase progressively in the register 440.This mechanism also must send the signal of state of storing the first/highest sequence number field 502 of first sequence number about the short time to CPU434, then it is reported to CPU434, and this field is used for following the tracks of the highest sequence number that after this receives again.
Collect and keep in hardware statistics, between software statistics information processing, statistical report generation and the RTCP packet configuration, a univocal information flow must be arranged.Here proposed two kinds of action methods, and these two kinds of methods can be simultaneously supported, and be applicable to configuration dependence mode.
The address counter 442 that these two kinds of methods increase progressively based on low-frequency clock 444.The cycle of low-frequency clock 444 is preferably less than the maximum allowed time interval between the continuous hardware/software reciprocation, merchant's (particular implementation of exemplary embodiments divided by the sum of the VoIP that supported stream according to the present invention, the sum of the VoIP that supported stream relates to gateway 400 devices that dotted line is represented among Fig. 4, and/or the sum of the VoIP stream of being supported by physical port 408 that relates to that solid line is represented among Fig. 4).For example (referring to above discussion about classified counting upset) supposed that maximum between the continuous hardware/software reciprocation is allowed to be spaced apart 16 seconds.If device is supported 128 streams, (low) clock frequency must be at least 8Hz so.
On the back edge of each clock, address counter 442 increases progressively, and the VoIP of this address reference stream to be depending on the mode of settings " I " 528 and " IOE " 530, reports 436 its states to CPU434.If bit I528 is set, when selecting VoIP stream to report the value that is stored in the respective data structures 500 via address counter 442, this VoIP that quotes stream is with interrupts of CPU 434 so.If bit I528 is not set, but be provided with bit IOE530, the VoIP stream of selecting so is interrupts of CPU, and only when one " incident " takes place since last selection, report is kept at the value in the respective stored structure 500." incident " comprising: be used for the upset of one or more counters of VoIP stream, and the availability of first sequence number of this VoIP stream, or the like.
When extracting RTCP SR200 and RR300 and divide RTP grouping between the group of received, follow the tracks of RTCP by statistic unit 416 and add up.Be kept at the RTCP statistical information in the flow data structure 500,, may need to be reported to CPU434 at every turn when more new record 400 scans this stream; This statistical information provides the necessity of the preparation 452 that is used for RTCP grouping 200/300, i.e. data message for CPU434.
According to a different viewpoints, RTCP software 450 is responsible among the local storage 418 of the data structure 550 that retrieval is kept at and corresponding to the statistical information of each institute's supply stream, and this statistical information is incorporated in the RTCP grouping 200/300, dispatches its transmission then.Exemplary embodiments enforcement according to the present invention, low-frequency clock 444 are synchronized on the expection transmission frequency of RTCP grouping 200/300.When the RTCP of software 450 preparation 452 this streams divides into groups 200/300 the time, RTCP hardware 410 will accurately be reported the statistical information that each VoIP flows.When each scanning VoIP flows, all to notify CPU434, and no matter whether " incident " takes place.
The another kind of exemplary embodiments is implemented according to the present invention, when preparation PTCP divides into groups 200/300 the time CPU434 repeating query hardware data structure 500.In the case, hardware 410 does not need regular interruption CPU434, unless incident takes place.
When the actual preparation of RTCP software 450 RTCP grouping 200/300 452 the time, field (is returned a statistical packet from receiving from the last statistical packet in given source and to it such as NTP markers (wall clock time) 118, last SR250/350 (the wall clock time when sending last statistical packet) with from the delay that last SR252/353 begins, the time that disappears), can be transparent to hardware 410.
Yet, the VoIP packet payload that delivery unit 460 receives shown in Fig. 5 dotted line, visit local storage 418 to be obtaining necessary information (the highest significant bit), and VoIP payload encapsulation 462 to RTP is divided into groups to send it in the communication network 402 via physical link 404 then in 100.
Although in Fig. 4, only shown RTCP hardware supports module 410 prevailingly about media gateway 400, but RTCP hardware supports module 410 it is also conceivable that following factor and implements: the physical layer device related with communication node, the single-chip physical layer device related with communication network node, the physical port device, single-chip physical port controller, the network equipment, IP phone etc.
Obviously, particular implementation can provide support for the following, special-purpose and/dialogue and the business of combination: audio broadcasting, call, videoconference, video broadcasting, video call, video conference, data broadcasting, data flow etc.
The foregoing description only is an example, those skilled in the art will appreciate that under the condition that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention, can make various modifications to described embodiment.Scope of the present invention is only by appended claim definition.
Appendix A
[91] about storage d
I-1The proof of required bit number
Supposing that two 32-bit integer x and y differ is no more than 1023, for correct calculation
| x-y|, necessary how many bits of checking x and y? prove that 11 bits are sufficient.
[92] consider three kinds of situations:
1) x＞y in the case
|x-y|＝x-y＝(x?mod?M-y?mod?M)mod?M，
Wherein, if the modulus that does not influence the result is then got in M 〉=1024.
2) x＜y in the case
| x-y|=y-x=(y mod M-x mod M) mod M, wherein, M 〉=1024.
3) x=y in the case
|x-y|＝(x?mod?M-y?mod?M)mod?M＝(y?mod?M-x?mod?M)mod?M＝0。
[93] calculating | x-y| always equals (x mod M-y mod M) mod M, perhaps
(y mod M-x mod M) mod M, wherein, M 〉=1024.
[94] determine which expression formula in these two expression formulas is correct, if observe x ≠ y,
(x mod M-y mod M) mod M+ (y mod M-x mod M) mod M=M then.
[95] therefore, if M=2048, one of then following just in time is to set up:
A)0＜(x?mod?M-y?mod?M)mod?M＜1024
B)0＜(y?mod?M-x?mod?M)mod?M＜1024
C)(x?mod?M-y?mod?M)mod?M＝(y?mod?M-x?mod?M)mod?M＝0。
Therefore, if M=2048 then always can be mapped to 1-3 to incident A-C uniquely.
In other words, 11 bits of x and y are sufficient.
Claims (44)
1, a kind of processing real time control protocol (RTCP) statistical information, to support that described equipment comprises via the mobile professional equipment of the high density of packet exchange communication network infrastructure supply:
A. many statistics storage organizations, each statistics structure are followed the tracks of the cumulative statistics information about a mobile service stream that is supplied accordingly; With
B. hardware statistics processing unit, one of real-time inspection real-time protocol (rtp) encapsulating packets and RTCP encapsulating packets, so that for updating corresponding data structure is extracted statistical information from described grouping, and encapsulate mobile service stream packets payload with the statistical information that is kept at corresponding among the statistics structure of the mobile service supplied stream.
2, equipment according to claim 1, wherein the hardware statistics processing unit also comprises the high speed logic piece of support hardware high density statistical disposition.
3, equipment according to claim 1, wherein each statistics structure also comprises the field of the cumulative statistics value that at least one storage is followed the tracks of.
4, equipment according to claim 3, wherein at least one field comprises one of following: a statistical counter and a statistical estimation.
5, equipment according to claim 4, wherein at least one field comprises one of following: a first/highest sequence number field, a transmit leg packet count field, recipient's packet count field, a transmit leg byte count field, one arrives jitter and estimates field and a last latency delays field that takes place.
6, equipment according to claim 5, wherein transmit leg classified counting, recipient's classified counting, transmit leg byte count and the stand-by period field that takes place subsequently comprise 16,16,23 and 10 bits respectively.
7, equipment according to claim 5 wherein arrives jitter estimation field and comprises one of following: 10 bits and 14 bit.
8, equipment according to claim 1, in high-speed hardware, the tracked fast-changing statistical information of each statistics structure storage.
9, equipment according to claim 8, wherein one group of the numeral of the tracked statistical information of at least one field store of statistics structure minimum significant bit.
10, equipment according to claim 1, wherein the statistics storage organization also comprises an array with two register area, wherein only visits a register area when handling grouping.
11, equipment according to claim 10, wherein the statistics structure comprises 128 bits that the hardware store compactness is provided, it is professional to be used to support high density to flow.
12, equipment according to claim 10, wherein each register area also comprises a plurality of adjunct registers, described adjunct register is accessed in the sequential access circulation.
13, equipment according to claim 1, wherein each statistics structure also comprises a signalling mechanism, is used for the cumulative statistics report information of being followed the tracks of is given the software statistics processing module of an association.
14, equipment according to claim 13, the mechanism of wherein signaling also comprises at least one sign that signals.
15, equipment according to claim 14, wherein at least one sign that signals comprises one of following: one sends context and makes logical sign, one receives context and makes logical sign, a sequence number carry flag, one first sequence number accepting state sign, a transmit leg classified counting carry flag, one receives the classified counting carry flag, a transmit leg byte count carry flag, a statistical information updating mark, a statistical information event update sign.
16, equipment according to claim 1, also comprise a clock that increases progressively address counter, this address counter is specified a mobile service stream by each clock cycle, is used for the statistical information that corresponding statistics structure keeps is reported to related software statistics processing module.
17, equipment according to claim 16 wherein provides 128 mobile service streams, and clock is worked with the 8kHz frequency.
18, equipment according to claim 1, also comprise one of following: a media gateway communication net node, media gateway parts that are associated with the communication gate node, a physical layer device that is associated with the communication gate node, a single-chip physical layer device that is associated with the communication gate node, a physical port device, a single-chip physical port controller, a network equipment and an IP phone.
19, equipment according to claim 1, wherein mobile service stream is unidirectional, the combination of mobile service stream has defined a mobile service flow context.
20, equipment according to claim 19, wherein the mobile service flow context comprises one of following: an audio broadcasting session, a call, a videoconference, a video broadcasting, a video call, a video conference, a data broadcasting, data flow and talk with.
21, equipment according to claim 1 also comprises:
A. the software statistics processing module of an association comprises preparation RTCP report grouping and arbitrarily carries out the processing unit that complex statistics is handled;
B. extra memory is stored the slow change statistics of being followed the tracks of.
22, equipment according to claim 21, wherein, one group of significant bit the highest of the numeral of the extra memory storage statistical value of following the tracks of.
23, a kind of processing real time control protocol (RTCP) statistical information with the mobile professional method of the high density of supporting to supply via packet exchange communication network infrastructure, said method comprising the steps of:
A. extract at least one static fields value from one of following grouping: about a real-time protocol (rtp) grouping that has received and RTCP grouping that has received of mobile service stream; With
B. for supporting the mobile Business Stream supply of high density, use quick change statistics, upgrade the statistical information field of the statistics structure that is associated with mobile service stream, to realize the compactness of stored statistical information.
24, method according to claim 23, wherein extract at least one field value, described method also comprises the step of extracting one of the following: a transmit leg classified counting value, transmit leg eight bit batch total numerical value, a packet partial is lost value, a packet loss accumulation numerical value, the highest sequence number reception value of a continuity, one arrives jitter value, scale value in the time of.
25, method according to claim 23 is wherein extracted at least one field value, and described method also comprises the step of 192 bits that extract statistical information.
26, method according to claim 23 also comprises the step that obtains statistical information from the field value that has extracted.
27, method according to claim 26 wherein obtains statistical information, and described method also comprises the step that obtains minimum significant bit from the statistical information of having extracted.
28, method according to claim 26 wherein obtains statistical information, and described method also comprises the step that obtains maximum 128 bits from the statistical information of having extracted.
29, method according to claim 26 wherein obtains statistical information, and described method comprises that also the expection grouping that obtains taking place arrives the step of jitter.
30, method according to claim 23, its mid Pleistocene series counting is according to the field value of structure, and described method also comprises the step of carrying out one of following operation: the single and a plurality of sequential memory write operations that carried out for one of a pair of register area of the statistics structure that is used for each packet transaction.
31, method according to claim 23, wherein its mid Pleistocene series counting is according to the field value of structure, and one of described method is further comprising the steps of: first and the highest sequence number value that will extract deposit in the single field.
32, method according to claim 31 is wherein stored first sequence number value, and described method comprises sends the signal that effective first sequence number value exists.
33, method according to claim 23 also comprises slow change statistics is submitted to the step of storing in the extra memory.
34, method according to claim 33 is wherein submitted the slow change statistics for the usefulness of extra memory storage to, and described method comprises that also the highest significant bit of submitting statistical information to is to reduce the step of transmission bandwidth demand.
35, method according to claim 23, further comprising the steps of:
A. produce a interruption to associated software statistical disposition module; With
B. provide the statistical information that is kept in statistics structure field value to the software processing module that is associated.
36, method according to claim 35, wherein produce an interruption, described method also comprises the step that generation is interrupted when one of following incident of experience: the upset situation when upgrading a statistical information field value, first update event of statistical information field value, and trigger event.
37, method according to claim 35, the statistical information field value wherein is provided, and described method also comprises carries out one of following step: single and a plurality of sequential memory read operations of being carried out for one of a pair of register area of the statistics structure that is used for each packet transaction.
38, method according to claim 35 wherein provides the statistical information field value, and described method is further comprising the steps of: provide minimum effective ratio paricular value, to upgrade the corresponding statistic registers in the extra memory.
39, method according to claim 23, further comprising the steps of:
A. receive a request that is used for remaining on the statistical information field value of statistics structure; With
B. the software processing module to association provides the statistical information that is kept in statistics structure field value.
40., wherein provide the step of statistical information field value that one of following condition is arranged: the rollover event that has experienced, first update event of static fields value, and trigger event according to the described method of claim 39.
41, according to the described method of claim 39, the statistical information field value wherein is provided, and described method is carried out the step of one of following operation: single and a plurality of sequential memory read operations of being carried out for one of a pair of register area of the statistics structure that is used for each packet transaction.
42, method according to claim 23, further comprising the steps of:
A, the RTCP that flows about mobile service from the software statistics processing module reception of association report one of grouping and RTP grouping;
The statistical information that b, usefulness are kept in the statistics structure related with mobile service stream is upgraded the statistical report field that has received grouping; With
C, submit the grouping of transmission to via the communications infrastructure of an association.
43, according to the described method of claim 42, wherein upgrade the statistical report field that has received grouping, described method is further comprising the steps of: with the minimum significant bit that is kept at the statistical information renewal statistical report field in the statistics structure.
44, according to the described method of claim 42, its mid Pleistocene series meter report field, described method also comprises the step of carrying out one of following operation: single and a plurality of sequential memory read operations of being carried out for one of a pair of register area of the statistics structure that is used for each packet transaction.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP37641298A JP3724779B2 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 1998-12-21 | Circular cross-section lance pipe and method of forming the same |
| JP10/376,412 | 2003-02-28 |
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| CN1540893A true CN1540893A (en) | 2004-10-27 |
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| CNA2004100047396A Pending CN1540893A (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2004-03-01 | Data structure providing storage and bandwith savings for hardware RTCP statistics collection appliances |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108701187A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-10-23 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Mixed hardware software distribution threat analysis |
| WO2021159329A1 (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-19 | 深圳元戎启行科技有限公司 | Streaming media network latency determination method and apparatus, computer device, readable storage medium, and remote driving system |
| CN113992545A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-01-28 | 昆高新芯微电子(江苏)有限公司 | Method, chip and switch for realizing network flow statistics |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103386705B (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-06-03 | 安徽云天冶金科技股份有限公司 | Compression production method of guide rod for converter slag blocking |
| CN112595122B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-09-13 | 中化二建集团有限公司 | Casting construction method for flexible air pipeline lining |
-
1998
- 1998-12-21 JP JP37641298A patent/JP3724779B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108701187A (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-10-23 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Mixed hardware software distribution threat analysis |
| WO2021159329A1 (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-19 | 深圳元戎启行科技有限公司 | Streaming media network latency determination method and apparatus, computer device, readable storage medium, and remote driving system |
| CN113992545A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-01-28 | 昆高新芯微电子(江苏)有限公司 | Method, chip and switch for realizing network flow statistics |
| CN113992545B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 昆高新芯微电子(江苏)有限公司 | Method, chip and switch for realizing network flow statistics |
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| JP2000192160A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
| JP3724779B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
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