CN1540376A - Wave selector - Google Patents
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- CN1540376A CN1540376A CNA031220290A CN03122029A CN1540376A CN 1540376 A CN1540376 A CN 1540376A CN A031220290 A CNA031220290 A CN A031220290A CN 03122029 A CN03122029 A CN 03122029A CN 1540376 A CN1540376 A CN 1540376A
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Abstract
Wavelength selection is implemented based on light wave field coupling principle of directional coupler and Bragg principle of reflection filtering. The selector includes input optical wave-guide, transition wave-guide and output wave-guide. There is a coupled zone between input optical wave-guide and transition wave-guide. In the coupled zone, input wave-guide and transition wave-guide are arranged in parallel closely. In the coupled zone, a section of transition wave-guide is periodical, and the transition wave-guide is connected to output wave-guide directly outside beginning end of the coupled zone. Or, the selector has another configuration between the transition wave-guide and output wave-guide. The selector has features of small size, low insertion loss, providing functions of wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing, optical switch and optical route etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the integrated optics field, particularly a kind of wavelength selector, be applicable to do optical communication passive/active device.
Background technology
The high-capacity and high-speed optical communication network, need various high-performance optical passive devices, the optical passive component with high wavelength selectivity of array particularly, as Wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer (WDMUX/WMUX, Wavelength demutipler/wavelength mutiplexer), wavelength-selective switches (WSS, Wavelength-selective switches), wavelength is selected route (WSR, wavelength-selective routing), wavelength selective coupler (WSC, Wavelength-selective coupler), wavelength add-drop multiplexer (WADM, Wavelengthadd/drop mutiplexer) etc., also require these device sizes little simultaneously, the insertion loss is low, channel isolation and good etc. with the compatibility of optical fiber.Existing device can't fully satisfy these requirements.For example directional coupler (Directional Coupler) and waveguide shape Mach-Zehnder interferometer, wavelength resolution is low, is mainly used in dual wavelength or bigger at interval multi-wavelength application.Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG, Fiber Bragg Grating) for another example, it by along fiber axis to its refractive index is carried out periodic modulation, producing bragg reflection, is a kind of arrowband notch filter or narrowband reflection device, the wavelength resolution height, but it is a kind of independent component, is difficult to array.Adopt distributed bragg reflector (the Distributed Braggreflector of similar principles, DBR), though can adopt the light integrated technology makes, and has very high wavelength selectivity equally, but because the light wave after the reflection is along the backpropagation of the former direction of propagation, should use very inconveniently like this, be mainly used in and make the dbr semiconductor laser instrument.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, two kinds of wavelength selector (WS that can be used to realize various functions such as wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing, photoswitch, optical routing are provided, Wavelength selector), this wavelength selector wavelength resolution height, size is little, the insertion loss is low, can adopt the light integrated technology to make in batches, solves from input waveguide and extracts arbitrary wavelength and the problem of other wavelength of not appreciable impact.
For achieving the above object, first kind of wavelength selector that technical scheme of the present invention provides, it comprises input waveguide, transition light waveguide and output optical waveguide, a coupled zone is arranged between input waveguide and transition light waveguide, in this coupled zone, input waveguide and transition light waveguide are separated by very that near-earth is arranged in parallel; In the coupled zone of input waveguide and transition light waveguide, the transition light waveguide has one section to be periodic waveguide, and the transition light waveguide directly links to each other with the initiating terminal outside of output optical waveguide in the coupled zone.
Second kind of wavelength selector that technical scheme of the present invention provides simultaneously, it comprises input waveguide, and transition light waveguide and output optical waveguide have a coupled zone between input waveguide and transition light waveguide, in this coupled zone, input waveguide and transition light waveguide are separated by very that near-earth is arranged in parallel; Finish the outside of end in the coupled zone, the transition light waveguide links to each other with output optical waveguide by a Y type knot, and in that side relative with the transition light waveguide of Y type knot, output optical waveguide has one section to be periodic waveguide.
Described first kind, adjust the wavelength size of output light-wave by the cycle length of adjusting the periodic waveguide in the transition light waveguide, distribution length by the adjustment cycle waveguide and/or perturbation change strong and weak and/or in the coupled zone, interval, length, refractive index and the Size Distribution of input waveguide and transition light waveguide are adjusted the light intensity magnitude of output light-wave.
Described second kind of wavelength selector, adjust the wavelength size of output light-wave by the cycle length of adjusting the periodic waveguide in the output optical waveguide, distribution length by the adjustment cycle waveguide and/or perturbation change strong and weak and/or in the coupled zone, interval, length, refractive index and the Size Distribution of input waveguide and transition light waveguide are adjusted the light intensity magnitude of output light-wave.
Described first kind of wavelength selector, the periodic waveguide in the transition light waveguide is made of the sectional type optical waveguide, or the refractive index by optical waveguide or/and thickness or/and width dimensions is done periodically perturbation changes and realize.
Described second kind of wavelength selector, the periodic waveguide in the output optical waveguide is made of the sectional type optical waveguide, or the refractive index by optical waveguide or/and thickness or/and width dimensions is done periodically perturbation changes and realize.
Described first kind of wavelength selector, finish the outside of end in the coupled zone of input waveguide and transition light waveguide, input waveguide and transition light waveguide are respectively through linking to each other by a Y type knot behind the segment distance, before they link to each other the distance of process respectively, should make as far as possible that from the light wave of the input end of input waveguide input the light path when merging together at last through different paths equates or be approximately the integral multiple of wavelength as far as possible.
Described second kind of wavelength selector, finish the outside of end in the coupled zone of input waveguide and transition light waveguide, input waveguide and output optical waveguide are respectively through linking to each other by a Y type knot behind the segment distance, before they link to each other the distance of process respectively, should make as far as possible that from the light wave of the input end of input waveguide input the light path when merging together at last through different paths equates or be approximately the integral multiple of wavelength as far as possible.
Described first kind and second kind of wavelength selector, regulate the physical dimension and the relative position of optical waveguide in the wavelength selector by the electrostriction of external carbuncle, thermal deformation and piezoelectric ceramics, and/or change the refractive index of optical waveguide by the plasma effect of dispersion of electrooptical effect, magneto-optic effect, acoustooptic effect and semiconductor material.
Described first kind and second kind of wavelength selector, input waveguide, transition light waveguide and output optical waveguide are in same light waveguide-layer plane or are in two different light waveguide-layer planes respectively.
Used term explanation in this instructions: (1), sectional type optical waveguide: the optical waveguide by the multistage optical waveguide composes in series a very little gap is arranged between every section optical waveguide, and the center of every section optical waveguide is aligned with each other generally.Owing to the gap between every section optical waveguide is very little, although reflection of light and scattering can take place, form perturbation to a certain degree at gap location, light wave is still propagated forward along optical waveguide.
Ultimate principle of the present invention is: the light wave fields coupling principle and the bragg reflection filtering principle of comprehensive utilization directional coupler are constructed a new device, realize the selection of high-resolution wavelength, promptly utilize the coupling principle of similar directional coupler that light wave is taken out from input waveguide, utilize the bragg reflection filtering principle that the wavelength that is taken out is carried out the strictness screening, separates again, for fear of being caused, other wavelength light waves have a strong impact on, and in case of necessity also can be sending input waveguide again back to through the remaining light wave in bragg reflection filtering screening back.Tell about principle of work for convenience, below the brief overview principle of work of directional coupler and bragg reflection wave filter once respectively according to the wavelength selector of above-mentioned principles of construction.
In directional coupler, when input waveguide and output optical waveguide were separated by in one section coupled zone that very near-earth is arranged in parallel, the light wave in the input waveguide can progressively shift to output optical waveguide, suppose that the light wave arrow amplitude in the input waveguide is A
1(z), the light wave in the output optical waveguide vows that amplitude is A
2(z), z then can describe A with following system of equations according to perturbation theory for the section start from the coupled zone begins the distance that (z=0) light wave is propagated optical waveguide
1(z) and A
2(z) coupling between:
In the formula, K
12And K
21Be the coupling coefficient between input waveguide and the output optical waveguide, Δ=β
1-β
2, β
1And β
2Be respectively the propagation constant of light wave in input waveguide and the output optical waveguide.To the light wave of a certain wavelength, if it just in time satisfies phase-matching condition, i.e. β
1=β
2, or Δ=0, can solve by (1) and (2)
A
2(z)＝K
21/K
21 2Sin(|K
21|z) (3)
By (3) formula as can be seen the light field in the output optical waveguide be sinusoidal periodic with distance z and change.When the z=pi/2 | K
21|=L
cThe time, the light intensity I=|A in the output optical waveguide
2(z) |
2Reach maximum, the principle of work of Here it is a conventional directional coupler, length L
cBe the coupling length of this directional coupler.But because the light wave of phase-matching condition, β are satisfied in pairing approximation
1≈ β
2, A in the output optical waveguide
2(z) higher value is also arranged, therefore the wavelength resolution of conventional directional coupler is not high.
In the bragg reflection wave filter, the refractive index of optical waveguide or physical dimension are done the variation of perturbation cycle along the length direction z of optical waveguide, suppose its refractive index perturbation Δ n
2(x, period of change z) are Λ, can be with periodic function Δ n
2(x z) is launched into fourier series,
To the light wave of a certain wavelength, the propagation constant of forward and backpropagation light wave is respectively β in the note optical waveguide
+And β
-If they just in time satisfy phase-matching condition, 2 π m/ Λ=β
+-β
-, then propagation constant is β
+The forward-propagating light wave is because Δ n
2(x, it is β that propagation constant is coupled in the modulation of m subharmonic z)
-The backpropagation light wave, establish the light wave of forward and backpropagation light wave and vow that amplitude is respectively A
+(z) and A
-(z), according to perturbation theory, available following system of equations is described A
+(z) and A
-(z) coupling between:
In the formula, K12 and K21 are the coupling coefficient between forward and the backpropagation light wave.Solve an equation (5), (6) can find, to the light wave of a certain specific wavelength, because they just in time satisfy phase-matching condition, and as long as the distribution length long enough in optical waveguide perturbation district can be realized approximate 100% reflection, Here it is bragg reflection filtering principle.
In the wavelength selector that the present invention proposes, if periodic waveguide is positioned on the output optical waveguide, and not in the transition light waveguide, then input waveguide and transition light waveguide constitute a conventional directional coupler in the coupled zone; The periodic waveguide that is positioned at simultaneously on the output optical waveguide constitutes a conventional bragg reflection wave filter, and the wavelength selector of this kind version can be regarded as the simple serial connection of a conventional directional coupler and a conventional bragg reflection wave filter.Its course of work at first is to take out light wave in certain wave spread by transition light waveguide direction of passage coupling mechanism from input waveguide, choose the light wave of specific wavelength again by the bragg reflection of the periodic waveguide on the output optical waveguide, simultaneously owing to the transition light waveguide links to each other with output optical waveguide by a Y type knot, when the light wave of being returned by bragg reflection in the output optical waveguide is oppositely tied by the Y type, a certain proportion of light wave continues to propagate along output optical waveguide, and from the output of the output port of output optical waveguide, a certain proportion of light wave can oppositely be got back to the transition light waveguide, and further input waveguide is got back in the coupling of direction of passage coupling mechanism, oppositely exports from the input port of input waveguide.
In the wavelength selector that the present invention proposes, if periodic waveguide is positioned in the transition light waveguide, and be positioned at the coupled zone of input waveguide and transition light waveguide, then the coupling behavior meeting between input waveguide and the transition light waveguide departs from conventional directional coupler, and the behavior of the periodic waveguide in the transition light waveguide also can depart from conventional Bragg reflector in some aspects, therefore can not regard wavelength selector as the simple serial connection or the parallel connection of a conventional directional coupler and a conventional Bragg reflector this moment, should carry out analysis-by-synthesis its characteristic.Forward-propagating and backpropagation light wave vow that amplitude is respectively A in the note input waveguide
1(z) and A
4(z), record a demerit simultaneously and cross in the optical waveguide forward-propagating and backpropagation light wave and vow that amplitude is respectively A
2(z) and A
3(z), then from the initiating terminal of coupled zone, the direction of propagation of light wave, the coupling mechanism of similar directional coupler, A are imported in the edge
1(z) can be coupled to A
2(z), remember that the coupling coefficient between them is respectively K
12, K
21Simultaneously, in the transition light waveguide, similar bragg reflection mechanism, A
2(z) can be coupled to A
3(z), remember that the coupling coefficient between them is respectively K
23, K
32Then, the coupling mechanism of similar directional coupler, the A of backpropagation in the transition light waveguide
3(z) can coupling get back in the input waveguide, form the A of backpropagation
4(z), remember that the coupling coefficient between them is respectively K
34, K
43Comprehensive above-mentioned each step as can be seen, A on the one hand
1(z) can be coupled to A
2(z), make A
2(z) increase, on the other hand, A
2(z) can be coupled to A
3(z), make A
2(z) reduce.Same A on the one hand
2(z) can be coupled to A
3(z), make A
3(z) increase, on the other hand, A
3(z) can be coupled to A
4(z), make A
3(z) reduce.When satisfying phase-matching condition, can write out A like this
1(z), A
2(z), A
3(z) and A
4(z) the coupled wave equation group between:
Although equation (7)-(10) separate more complicated, we can carry out qualitative analysis in view of the above.Because A
3(z) be the light wave arrow amplitude of the output light-wave of wavelength selector, if A
3(z) identically vanishing, i.e. wavelength selector no-output, the purpose that it just can not play from input waveguide and select, separate certain wavelength light wave.Can prove A by reduction to absurdity
3(z) can identically vanishing.In case because A
3(z) identically vanishing, also identically vanishing of its derivative then, by equation (10) as can be known, A
4(z) be constant, again by equation (9) A as can be known
2(z) be necessary for constant, and A
4(z)=K
32/ K
34A
2(z).If A
2(z) for being not equal to zero constant, then as can be known by equation (7), A
1(z) nonidentical in zero, again by equation (8) A as can be known
2(z) derivative is non-vanishing, this and A
2(z) for constant contradicts, so A
2(z) be necessary for null constant, A like this
1(z) be constant, the initial value when promptly keeping input is constant, and A
2(z), A
3(z) and A
4(z) all be zero, this situation has only input waveguide and transition light waveguide a good distance off, and being coupled as between them zero just may occur.And in the coupled zone of wavelength selector, input waveguide and transition light waveguide are separated by very that near-earth is arranged in parallel, therefore must have a certain size, light wave vows that amplitude is A
3(z) light wave output.
Consider A below again
3(z) get great situation.Under the best circumstances, suppose at sintering, coupled zone A
3(z) reach greatly, at this moment, A
3(z) derivative is zero, according to equation (9) A is arranged
4(0)=K
32/ K
34A
2(0).Since in the sintering, A
2(0) 0, so A
4(0), this illustrates that total luminous energy is mainly by | A
3(0) |
2With | A
1(0) |
2Constitute, but | A
3(0) |
2With | A
1(0) |
2Ratio, promptly wavelength selector is to the size of the reflectivity of the light wave of specific wavelength, must determine according to system of equations (7)-(10).The transition light waveguide is unnecessary in addition all makes periodic waveguide in whole coupled zone, for example can deliberately stay one section to be conventional optical waveguide at the initiating terminal of coupled zone, may play adjustment like this | A
3(0) |
2With | A
1(0) |
2The effect of ratio.Can adjust coupling coefficient K by interval, length, refractive index and the Size Distribution etc. of input waveguide and transition light waveguide in the adjustment coupled zone in a word
12And K
21, and K
34And K
43, can change power by the perturbation of adjusting the periodic waveguide in the transition light waveguide simultaneously and adjust coupling coefficient K
23And K
32, work as K like this
12, K
21, K
23, K
32, K
34And K
43And the distribution length of periodic waveguide all adjusts to suitable when size according to system of equations (7)-(10), just can adjust | A
3(0) |
2Reach maximum or reach a certain predetermined value.
Except that wavelength selector is selected isolated specific wavelength light wave (we claim that this specific wavelength is the operation wavelength of wavelength selector) in addition, the light wave of every other wavelength also all can be coupled into the transition light waveguide to a certain extent, but, can not reflected by periodic waveguide because they do not satisfy bragg condition.In order to reduce loss to these inoperative wavelength light waves, can be at the end end of coupled zone, the transition light waveguide of these light waves of transmission or the output optical waveguide mode with Y type knot is linked to each other with the output terminal of input waveguide, make them come back to input waveguide.Cancel out each other owing to interfering for fear of these light waves of coming through different paths, should adjust output optical waveguide or transition light waveguide and the length of input waveguide before converging, make the light path of the light wave when the different paths of process merge together at last equate or be approximately the integral multiple of wavelength as far as possible.Certainly also can abandon the inoperative wavelength light wave that these are coupled away, or they are directed to other places are used for detecting or other purposes.
Physical dimension, the relative position of optical waveguide in the wavelength selector regulated in electrostriction by external carbuncle, thermal deformation, piezoelectric ceramics etc. in addition, or the bulk dispersion effect by electrooptical effect, magneto-optic effect, acoustooptic effect, semiconductor material etc. changes the refractive index of optical waveguide, the operation wavelength of wavelength selector be can dynamically change, thereby various optical-fiber network devices such as wavelength selective optical switch, photomodulator and spectrometer, sensing measurement instrument etc. are used to make.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
Wavelength selector involved in the present invention, owing to adopted the bragg reflection principle, its wavelength resolution substantially exceeds directional coupler, its input simultaneously separates with output optical waveguide, and is easy to use, so it has inherited the advantage of Bragg reflector and directional coupler, their defectives have separately been overcome simultaneously again, compact conformation, loss is little, is convenient to the multi-stage serial connection combination.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts equal length sectional type optical waveguide to be produced in the transition light waveguide for the present invention at periodic waveguide, and be positioned at the coupled zone of transition light waveguide and input waveguide, when transition light waveguide simultaneously links to each other by Y type knot with the output terminal of input waveguide, the embodiment synoptic diagram of wavelength selector.
Fig. 2 adopts refractive index perturbation mode to be produced on the output optical waveguide for the present invention at periodic waveguide, and when being positioned at outside the coupled zone of transition light waveguide and input waveguide, wavelength selector
The embodiment synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Wavelength selector proposed by the invention, although a wavelength selector can only be selected a specific wavelength, promptly corresponding channel adopts the light integrated technology, the wavelength selector of corresponding a plurality of optical wavelength can be connected in series by certain way forms a plurality of passages.For example a plurality of wavelength selectors with different operating wavelength are integrated on the same device, and their output optical waveguide is contacted mutually, then can constitute a light wave multiplexer, equally a plurality of wavelength selectors with different operating wavelength are integrated on the same device, and their input waveguide is contacted mutually, then can constitute a light wave demodulation multiplexer.Further can form router by light wave demodulation multiplexer and light wave multiplexer.
Claims (10)
1. wavelength selector, it comprises input waveguide, and transition light waveguide and output optical waveguide have a coupled zone between input waveguide and transition light waveguide, and in this coupled zone, input waveguide and transition light waveguide are separated by very that near-earth is arranged in parallel; In the coupled zone of input waveguide and transition light waveguide, the transition light waveguide has one section to be periodic waveguide, and the transition light waveguide directly links to each other with the initiating terminal outside of output optical waveguide in the coupled zone.
2. wavelength selector, it comprises input waveguide, and transition light waveguide and output optical waveguide have a coupled zone between input waveguide and transition light waveguide, and in this coupled zone, input waveguide and transition light waveguide are separated by very that near-earth is arranged in parallel; Finish the outside of end in the coupled zone, the transition light waveguide links to each other with output optical waveguide by a Y type knot, and in that side relative with the transition light waveguide of Y type knot, output optical waveguide has one section to be periodic waveguide.
3. wavelength selector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, adjust the wavelength size of output light-wave by the cycle length of adjusting the periodic waveguide in the transition light waveguide, distribution length by the adjustment cycle waveguide and/or perturbation change strong and weak and/or in the coupled zone, interval, length, refractive index and the Size Distribution of input waveguide and transition light waveguide are adjusted the light intensity magnitude of output light-wave.
4. wavelength selector according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, adjust the wavelength size of output light-wave by the cycle length of adjusting the periodic waveguide in the output optical waveguide, distribution length by the adjustment cycle waveguide and/or perturbation change strong and weak and/or in the coupled zone, interval, length, refractive index and the Size Distribution of input waveguide and transition light waveguide are adjusted the light intensity magnitude of output light-wave.
5. wavelength selector according to claim 1 is characterized in that the periodic waveguide in the transition light waveguide is made of the sectional type optical waveguide, or the refractive index by optical waveguide or/and thickness or/and width dimensions is done periodically perturbation changes and realize.
6. wavelength selector according to claim 2 is characterized in that the periodic waveguide in the output optical waveguide is made of the sectional type optical waveguide, or the refractive index by optical waveguide or/and thickness or/and width dimensions is done periodically perturbation changes and realize.
7. wavelength selector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, finish the outside of end in the coupled zone of input waveguide and transition light waveguide, input waveguide and transition light waveguide are respectively through linking to each other by a Y type knot behind the segment distance, before they link to each other the distance of process respectively, should make as far as possible that from the light wave of the input end of input waveguide input the light path when merging together at last through different paths equates or be approximately the integral multiple of wavelength as far as possible.
8. wavelength selector according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, finish the outside of end in the coupled zone of input waveguide and transition light waveguide, input waveguide and output optical waveguide are respectively through linking to each other by a Y type knot behind the segment distance, before they link to each other the distance of process respectively, should make as far as possible that from the light wave of the input end of input waveguide input the light path when merging together at last through different paths equates or be approximately the integral multiple of wavelength as far as possible.
9. according to claim 1 or the described wavelength selector of claim 2, it is characterized in that, regulate the physical dimension and the relative position of optical waveguide in the wavelength selector by the electrostriction of external carbuncle, thermal deformation and piezoelectric ceramics, and/or change the refractive index of optical waveguide by the plasma effect of dispersion of electrooptical effect, magneto-optic effect, acoustooptic effect and semiconductor material.
10. according to claim 1 or the described wavelength selector of claim 2, it is characterized in that input waveguide, transition light waveguide and output optical waveguide are in same light waveguide-layer plane or are in two different light waveguide-layer planes respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031220290A CN1540376A (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2003-04-22 | Wave selector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031220290A CN1540376A (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2003-04-22 | Wave selector |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1540376A true CN1540376A (en) | 2004-10-27 |
Family
ID=34320936
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106788862A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-31 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optical-fiber network distribution method and Optical Distribution Network |
-
2003
- 2003-04-22 CN CNA031220290A patent/CN1540376A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106788862A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-31 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optical-fiber network distribution method and Optical Distribution Network |
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