CN1537237A - 利用由移动电话站发射的信号进行被动移动目标探测的系统和方法 - Google Patents

利用由移动电话站发射的信号进行被动移动目标探测的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1537237A
CN1537237A CNA028150902A CN02815090A CN1537237A CN 1537237 A CN1537237 A CN 1537237A CN A028150902 A CNA028150902 A CN A028150902A CN 02815090 A CN02815090 A CN 02815090A CN 1537237 A CN1537237 A CN 1537237A
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target
signal
mobile telephone
antenna
base station
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CN100380136C (zh
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P·G·罗伊德
G·L·哈里斯
B·P·斯托塔德
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Roke Manor Research Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/003—Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/583—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
    • G01S13/92—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control for velocity measurement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种被动目标探测系统(1)包括第一和第二天线(4，6)和一个处理器(8)。第一天线(4)用于接收由移动电话基站发射的信号；第二天线(6)用于接收经过目标(3)反射后的由由移动电话基站发射的信号(2)，而处理器比较从移动电话基站接收的信号和从目标反射的信号，并从中导出关于目标的速度和位置信息。

Description

利用由移动电话站发射的信号 进行被动移动目标探测的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种目标探测系统和方法，特别是用于探测移动目标。
背景技术
在许多情况下，期望探测移动目标并提供那些目标的位置和/或速度信息，以便例如探测飞行器、监视交通流、或探测车辆超速。主动雷达系统常常用于实现这些目标，但这要求射频(RF)发射。利用RF发射有一些缺点。该发射可以由简单的接收器探测到，从而暴露检测器的存在(如，由超速司机使用的车载雷达探测器)。此外，对射频发射还有许多法律限制，该限制在不同的国家可能不同，因此，适合在一个国家使用的系统在另一个国家可能就是非法的。
有人建议使用电视发射器的被动系统，但这也有某些缺点。尽管它们采用大功率发射器，但被探测的目标通常离得较远，接收到的信号功率会很弱。
发明内容
根据本发明，一个被动目标探测系统包括第一和第二天线，以及处理装置，其中，第一天线用于接收由移动电话基站发射的信号，第二天线用于接收由移动电话基站发射的经目标反射后的信号，而处理装置比较从移动电话基站接收的信号和从目标反射的信号，并从中导出目标位置或速度信息。
根据本发明的第二方面，探测目标的一种被动方法包括接收由一个移动电话基站发射的第一信号；接收一个第二信号，该第二信号包含由所述移动电话基站发射的经目标反射后的第一信号；以及比较该第一和第二信号，以导出该目标的位置或移动速度的相关数据。
本发明包含一种被动电子系统，其利用从移动电话基站发射的射频信号，特别是从诸如车辆、人和动物等目标反射的射频波，以探测这些目标的位置和移动速度。其不需要系统发射信号，并且该系统可以从一个地方搬到另一个地方，以及与附近现有的移动电话基站结合使用。这对于警察执行速度限制特别有利，因为车辆无法探测到传感器的存在。而移动电话基站在城镇和主要道路上的增长在所要求的地区形成良好的覆盖。
附图说明
下面将参考附图描述根据本发明的被动目标探测系统和方法的一个实例。
图1是现有技术的平面图；
图2是根据本发明的被动目标探测系统的一个例子的示意图；
图3是说明图2所示系统的操作的平面图；
图4更详细地示出图2所示系统的一个检测器；
图5示出图2所示的传感器的一种可选安排；和
图6示出图2所示系统中使用的一种算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出探测目标的现有技术系统如何操作的平面图，在本例中是采用电视发射器。电视发射器20发射一个信号，该信号经过距离R1，并被目标21反射。被反射的信号经过距离R2，被接收器22接收。接
P R = P T G 1 G 2 σ ( 4 π ) 3 R 1 2 R 2 2 λ 2
收器22接收的反射信号的功率PR可以从以下公式计算：
其中，PT是发射的功率，G1是第一天线的增益，G2是第二天线的增益，σ是感兴趣的目标的雷达横截面，λ是发射的信号波长，R1是发射器与目标间的距离，R2是接收器与目标间的距离。
在使用电视发射器的现有技术系统中，当目标移动离开发射器时，距离R1和R2以相似的速率增加，因此，可以假设接收到的功率PR正比于1/R4，即，随着目标离开，接收到的功率会快速显著降低。
图2示出根据本发明的被动目标探测系统1如何与由移动电话基站2发射的无线电波和由目标3反射的无线电波结合使用。本例中，所述目标是一辆车，但其它目标同样也可以被检测。该目标可以是移动的，也可以是静止的。该系统包含一个第一天线4，其直接指向基站2，并探测经过最短路径的无线电波5。第二天线6指向感兴趣的目标的方向，探测从目标3反射的无线电波7。天线的类型可以是任意合适的，如八木天线或相控阵天线。处理器8分析第一和第二天线4和6接收的信号，比较该两个接收到的信号的相位和频率。这在图4中更详细说明。该处理器还测量两个接收到的信号之间的时间延迟。然后可以显示或存储该两个信号。
显示设备9接收处理器的输出，并显示关于两个信号之间的频率差和时间延迟的导出信息。如果目标是移动的，则该显示器可以将所述信息转换为目标的距离和速度。还可以提供一个记录机构。这样的系统在监视交通流中会特别有用。
本发明的优点可以从图3看出，图3为该系统操作中的平面图。如现有技术中一样，有一个接收器22，但本发明不是依赖于一个发射器，而是利用大量的移动电话发射器天线23。这样做的效果是不会由于目标移出发射器的范围而增加距离R1，当目标移出一个发射器的范围时，会进入另一个发射器的范围，从而当R2变化时，R1保持基本恒定。据此，PR可以被认为正比于1/R2，从而显著增加接收到的功率。通过采用远离接收器的发射器，设备的范围将大于现有技术系统，因为目标总是接近发射器，而不管移动电话发射器在高于还是低于电视发射器的频率运行。
图4更详细示出信号处理。由每个天线4、6接收到的信号在相应的前置放大器10、11中放大，然后通过模数转换器(ADC)12、13转换为数字信号。实践中，在被ADC采样前，如图3所示，接收到的信号可能被混合为较低频率。
ADC 12、13的输出信号送到处理器8，该处理器8可以是数字信号处理器或算法的硬件实现，如FPGA、EPLD、ASIC等。该处理器被设置为运行如图6中的流程图所示的算法。该算法具有两个独立的功能。首先，该算法将确定所述两个信号之间的延时差，第二，其将确定由于目标的移动产生的任何多普勒变化。
为了确定延时，该算法对来自第一天线的信号与来自第二天线的信号执行互相关。然后利用多普勒效应确定目标的速度。为此，连续互相关的结果被存储，在所关心的延迟(或多个延迟)，来自天线1和天线2的信号之间的相对相位变化通过DFT(离散傅立叶变换)或FFT(快速傅立叶变换)或类似算法计算。所述“关心的延迟”可以包含由互相关计算的所有可能延迟。

Claims (6)

1.一种被动目标探测系统，该系统包括第一和第二天线，以及处理装置，其中所述第一天线用于接收移动电话基站发射的信号，第二天线用于接收移动电话基站发射的被一个目标反射后的信号，所述处理装置比较从移动电话基站接收的信号与所述从目标反射的信号，并从中导出关于目标的速度或位置的信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述目标是移动目标。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其中导出目标的精确速度。
4.一种探测目标的被动方法，该方法包括接收由移动电话基站发射的第一信号；接收第二信号，该第二信号包含从移动电话基站发射的经一个目标反射后的第一信号；以及比较所述第一和第二信号，以导出关于所述目标的位置或移动速度的数据。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，该方法进一步包括通过对从第一天线接收的信号和从第二天线接收的信号执行互相关，确定接收第一和第二信号之间的延时；利用多普勒效应确定目标的速度；存储连续互相关的结果；在所关心的延时计算从第一天线和第二天线接收的信号之间的相对相位变化。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述相对相位的变化是利用离散傅立叶变换、快速傅立叶变换、或类似算法计算的。
CNB028150902A 2001-08-01 2002-07-25 目标探测系统和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN100380136C (zh)

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GB0118707A GB0118707D0 (en) 2001-08-01 2001-08-01 Object detection system and method
GB0118707.9 2001-08-01
GB0202412A GB2378336B (en) 2001-08-01 2002-02-04 Object detection system and method
GB0202412.3 2002-02-04

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CA2451916C (en) 2011-04-05
US20040246177A1 (en) 2004-12-09
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WO2003012473A8 (en) 2004-03-25
BR0211605A (pt) 2004-08-24
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