CN1535027A - Inframe prediction method used for video frequency coding - Google Patents

Inframe prediction method used for video frequency coding Download PDF

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CN1535027A
CN1535027A CNA2004100006663A CN200410000666A CN1535027A CN 1535027 A CN1535027 A CN 1535027A CN A2004100006663 A CNA2004100006663 A CN A2004100006663A CN 200410000666 A CN200410000666 A CN 200410000666A CN 1535027 A CN1535027 A CN 1535027A
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prediction
current block
piece
pixel
sample value
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CN100536573C (en
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孔德慧
张楠
尹宝才
王雁来
孙艳丰
岳文颖
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

An in-frame predication method for video encode in order to improve video encode quality is disclosed. The original video stream taken by camera is used as input, which is input to computer by video acquisition card, and then processed by computer and the JVT video encode technique. An operation rule for calculating the DC predication mode by use of the samples of the decoded pixel in adjacent blocks is defined. Multiple predication modes can be recombined and sorted.

Description

A kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding
Technical field
The present invention relates to the computer digit technical field of video coding, at be video coding system.Concrete research summary of the invention is an infra-prediction techniques.
Background technology
In order to transmit in current limited transmission bandwidth and medium and to deposit image, we must carry out compressed encoding to image and handle.In the compression coding technology of dynamic image, encryption algorithm divides intraframe coding and two kinds of situations of interframe encode.Wherein to first width of cloth image in the video sequence or first width of cloth image behind the scene change, adopt frame inner conversion coding, other image adopts interframe encode.In the prior art, the intraframe coding usage space predicts that interframe encode uses block-based inter prediction in order to using the time domain statistic correlation to utilize the spatial statistics correlation in the source signal.When specific coding, stipulated the prediction mode of basic handling piece in the image, if adopt inter prediction, the motion vector by corresponding algorithm computation current block obtains its predicted value; Otherwise be to adopt infra-frame prediction, utilize the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of current block to give a forecast by corresponding infra-prediction techniques; And then prediction residual carried out conversion to remove the spatial coherence in the transform block, quantize again; At last, use the variable-length encoding or the arithmetic coding of existing JVT technology that quantization transform coefficient information is encoded.
At present, uniting video encoding standard that the audio and video standard united organization JVT that forms releases by ITU-T and two International Standards Organization of ISO/IEC JTC1 is a kind of coding standard all the fashion both at home and abroad at present, and it is widely used in television image compression, multi-media communication, multimedia computer, image data base and field such as communicate by letter.A macro block comprises one 16 * 16 the brightness sample value piece and the colourity sample value piece of two correspondences in JVT, as the basic processing unit of video encoding-decoding process.
In the infra-prediction techniques of the 5.0 version video encoding standards that the JVT standard provides, the predict that is based on p * q piece that the prediction of brightness or colourity sample value is adopted, wherein p represents the columns of piece, q represents the line number of piece, it be utilize on this p * q piece, upper right, left, upper left and left lower side (Fig. 3) reconstructed pixels sample value, predict the pixel sample value of current block according to some predictive mode and computation rule thereof, wherein, i=0,1 ..., 2q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1, ..., 2p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate, t iThe expression current block left side one is listed as the capable pixel sample value of i, s jThe expression current block top j of delegation row pixel sample value, a IjThe pixel sample value of the capable j row of expression current block i; Wherein,
When handling the brightness sample value, when the JVT standard definition is 4 * 4,4 * 8,8 * 4 and 8 * 8 when piece, promptly when p=4 or p=8, when q=4 or q=8, adopt 9 kinds of predictive modes, these predictive modes be in proper order:
Pattern 0: vertical prediction (vertical prediction)
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast (horizontal prediction)
Pattern 2:DC predicts (DC prediction)
Mode 3: 45 degree direction predictions (diagonal down/left prediction)
Pattern 4:135 degree direction prediction (diagonal down/right prediction)
Pattern 5:112.5 degree direction prediction (vertical-right prediction)
Pattern 6:157.5 degree direction prediction (horizontal-down prediction)
Mode 7: 67.5 degree direction predictions (vertical-left prediction)
Pattern 8:22.5 degree direction prediction (horizontal-up prediction)
Wherein, except the DC predictive mode, remaining 8 kinds of predictive modes are called directional prediction modes, and the numeral among Fig. 4 has been indicated the sensing of all directions predictive modes, the 2 expression DC predictive modes that do not mark.DC predictive mode wherein is defined as:
If s i. j(j=0,1,2 ..., p-1), t i(i=0,1,2 ..., q-1) all available, all forecast samples then
Figure A20041000066600091
Equal ( Σ j = 0 p - 1 s j + Σ i = 0 q - 1 t i + ( p + q ) / 2 ) / ( p + q ) ;
If t ii. i(i=0,1,2 ..., q-1) unavailable, s j(j=0,1,2 ..., p-1) available, all forecast samples then
Figure A20041000066600093
Equal ( Σ j = 1 p - 1 s j + p / 2 ) p ;
If s iii. j(j=0,1,2 ..., p-1) unavailable, t i(i=0,1,2 ..., q-1) available, all forecast samples then
Figure A20041000066600095
Equal ( Σ i = 0 q - 1 t i + q / 2 ) / q ;
If s iv. j(j=0,1,2 ..., p-1), t i(i=0,1,2 ..., q-1) all unavailable, all forecast samples then Equal 128, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate;
When handling the brightness sample value, when also defining p=q=16, the JVT standard adopts 4 kinds of predictive modes, and these predictive modes are for order being:
Pattern 0: vertical prediction (vertical prediction)
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast (horizontal prediction)
Pattern 2:DC predicts (DC prediction)
Mode 3: dull and stereotyped prediction (plane prediction)
The definition of wherein DC predictive mode and luminance block are that 4 * 4,4 * 8,8 * 4 and 8 * 8 predictive mode defines consistent.
When handling the colourity sample value, 4 kinds of predictive modes that the JVT standard definition is 8 * 8 with order are:
Pattern 0:DC predicts (DC prediction)
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast (horizontal prediction)
Pattern 2: vertical prediction (vertical prediction)
Mode 3: dull and stereotyped prediction (plane prediction)
The definition of wherein DC predictive mode and luminance block are that 4 * 4,4 * 8,8 * 4 and 8 * 8 predictive mode defines consistent.
The predict of JVT is very thin, but its prediction accuracy on the DC predictive mode is not high enough, and its predictive mode to sample value is many, just there are 9 kinds as its prediction at the predictive mode of 4 * 4,4 * 8,8 * 4 and 8 * 8 pieces, cause the complexity of whole algorithm very high the brightness sample value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the DC predictive mode and predicts not defective accurately, reduces the computation complexity of intraframe prediction algorithm in the cataloged procedure, and a kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding is provided.
System block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, this intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding, be to obtain original video sequence as input by video camera, enter computer by becoming video sequence data behind the video frequency collection card, and the video coding technique that adopts JVT to provide, handle and computing by computer.Its method step is: computer system is accepted the original video stream that capture card is handled well, reads the piece image of the video sequence that receives then, and the pixel sample value of this image is pressed from left to right, and order from top to bottom is divided into 16 * 16 macro block; The macro block that reads from computer storage is sent to intra-framed prediction module, when specific coding, has stipulated the prediction mode of basic handling piece in the image, if adopt inter prediction, the motion vector by corresponding algorithm computation current block obtains its predicted value; Otherwise employing infra-frame prediction, utilize the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of current block to give a forecast by corresponding infra-prediction techniques, promptly carry out the sample value prediction by the predictive mode of JVT and the intra-frame prediction method of the present invention's proposition, or the predictive mode and the predictive mode computational methods of the simplification that proposes by the present invention are carried out the sample value prediction, by the method for JVT standard prediction residual is carried out conversion to remove the spatial coherence in the transform block then, quantize again; Then, use the variable-length encoding or the arithmetic coding of existing JVT technology that quantization transform coefficient information is encoded, till this image encoding is finished, export this image encoded bit stream at last; Read the following piece image in the sequence that receives, by that analogy until all images all encode finish till, flow process is seen Fig. 6.
In the infra-prediction techniques of the 5.0 version video encoding standards that the JVT standard provides, the predict that is based on p * q piece that the prediction of brightness or colourity sample value is adopted, wherein p represents the columns of piece, q represents the line number of piece, it be utilize on this p * q piece, upper right, left, upper left and left lower side reconstructed pixels sample value, predict the pixel sample value of current block according to some predictive mode and computation rule thereof, wherein, i=0,1 ..., 2q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1, ..., 2p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate, t iThe expression current block left side one is listed as the capable pixel sample value of i, s jThe expression current block top j of delegation row pixel sample value, a IjThe pixel sample value of the capable j row of expression current block i; Wherein,
1). when handling the brightness sample value, when the JVT standard definition is 4 * 4,4 * 8,8 * 4 and 8 * 8 when piece, promptly when p=4 or p=8, when q=4 or q=8, adopt 9 kinds of predictive modes, these predictive modes be in proper order:
Pattern 0: vertical prediction
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast
Pattern 2:DC prediction
Mode 3: 45 degree direction predictions
Pattern 4:135 degree direction prediction
Pattern 5:112.5 degree direction prediction
Pattern 6:157.5 degree direction prediction
Mode 7: 67.5 degree direction predictions
Pattern 8:22.5 degree direction prediction
Wherein, except the DC predictive mode, remaining 8 kinds of predictive modes are called directional prediction modes;
2). when handling the brightness sample value, adopt 4 kinds of predictive modes when the JVT standard also defines p=q=16, these predictive modes are for order being:
Pattern 0: vertical prediction
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast
Pattern 2:DC prediction
Mode 3: dull and stereotyped prediction
3). when handling the colourity sample value, 4 kinds of predictive modes that the JVT standard definition is 8 * 8 with order are:
Pattern 0:DC prediction
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast
Pattern 2: vertical prediction
Mode 3: dull and stereotyped prediction
The invention is characterized in, read prediction module in the laggard incoming frame of macro block data from computer storage, described pixel sample value in 16 * 16 macro blocks of each selection infra-frame prediction is predicted by following steps formed in turn:
(1). getting one 16 * 16 macro block is current predicted macroblock;
(2). by from left to right, order from top to bottom is divided into p * q with this macro block, and p represents the columns of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, q represents the line number of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16;
(3) getting a p * q piece is current block;
(4) pixel intensity or the colourity sample value of prediction current block p * q;
(5) get next p * q piece as current block, repeat (3) to (5) process in step, till this macroblock prediction finishes;
Wherein, when pixel intensity of carrying out current block p * q or the prediction of colourity sample value, the principal character of DC prediction mode method wherein is:
Current block is to utilize adjacent block (U, L, UR, UL, DL) in the sample value of decoded pixel calculate its DC predictive mode, wherein, define symbol C represents current block, and symbol U represents the last piece adjacent with current block, symbol L represents the left piece adjacent with current block, symbol UL represents adjacent with current block upper left, and symbol UR represents adjacent with current block upper right, and symbol DL represents that current block represents the lower-left piece adjacent with current block;
1) but. last, upper right, left, the upper left and lower-left piece adjacent with current block be the time spent all, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the method for 8 prediction direction that are similar to the JVT standard under the definition DC predictive mode, but different with the filtering method of these 8 prediction direction;
2) but. the top piece time spent adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the method for 8 prediction direction of approximate JVT standard under the definition DC predictive mode, but different with the filtering method of these 8 prediction direction;
3) but. the left side piece time spent adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the method for 8 prediction direction of approximate JVT standard under the definition DC predictive mode, but different with the filtering method of these 8 prediction direction;
4). on adjacent with current block, when left side piece is all unavailable, all pixel predictors of current block are 128 under the definition DC predictive mode.
A kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding of the present invention, its feature also be, after entering intra-framed prediction module, described DC predictive mode, can specifically adopt following method definition:
1) but equal time spent of last, upper right, left, the upper left and lower-left face piece adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for bi-directional predicted method under the definition DC predictive mode, see DC among Fig. 5 0
2) but the top piece time spent adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the almost vertical direction Forecasting Methodology under the definition DC predictive mode, see DC among Fig. 5 1Though this method is consistent with the direction of vertical prediction, the neighbor of choosing in the calculating process is different with filtering method;
3) but the left side piece time spent adjacent with current block, the also available level of approximation direction prediction of all pixel predictors of current block method is asked under the definition DC predictive mode, sees DC among Fig. 5 2Though this method is consistent with the direction of horizontal forecast, the neighbor of choosing in the calculating process is different with filtering method;
4) adjacently with current block go up, when left side piece is all unavailable, all pixel predictors of current block are 128 under the definition DC predictive mode, this is identical with existing JVT standard.
A kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding of the present invention, its feature also be, after entering intra-framed prediction module, described DC predictive mode, can specifically adopt following method definition numerical value:
(1) the neighbor t that at first current block has been reconstructed i, s jAnd f, do the low-pass filtering of respective point by the JVT method, be put in the array, remember that this array is EP, and remember that m aray variable is EP in this array m, wherein, i=0,1 ..., 2q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1 ..., 2p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate, the block size that p * q represents, p are represented the columns of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, q represents the line number of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, t iThe expression current block left side one is listed as the capable pixel sample value of i, s jThe expression current block top j of delegation row pixel sample value, a IjThe pixel sample value of the capable j row of expression current block i; M represents the subscript variable of array EP;
In following calculating, symbol "＞＞" computing of expression gt;
EP is obtained by following algorithm:
If A. current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct in top, i.e. s jAvailable, wherein, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, then
a)EP (j+1)＝s (j)；j＝0，...，p-1
B) if current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of top right-hand side, i.e. s jAvailable, wherein,
J=p, p+1, p+2 ..., 2p-1, then
EP (1+j+p)＝s (p+j)；??j＝0，…，p-1
EP (1+j+p)＝s (p+p-1)；j＝p，…，q-1
Otherwise
EP (1+j+p)＝EP (p)；???j＝0，...，p-1
c)EP (1+j+p)＝EP (p+j)；?j?＝p，...，q+1
d)EP (0)＝s 0；
If B. current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct in the left side, promptly ti can use, wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, then
a)EP (-1-i)＝t (i)；i＝0，…，q-1
B) if current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of left lower side, i.e. t iAvailable, wherein, i=q, q+1, q+2 ..., 2q-1, then
EP (-1-i-q)＝t (q+i)；i＝0，…，q-1
EP (-1-i-q)＝t (q+q-1)；i＝q，…，p-1
Otherwise
EP (-1-i-q)＝EP (-q)；i＝0，...，q-1
c)EP (-1-i-q)＝EP (-i-q)；i＝p，p+1
d)EP (0)＝t 0；
If s C. jAvailable, and available t i, wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, wherein, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, then
EP (0)＝f；
D. defined variable last_pix equals EP (-(p+q))
Get i to equal-(p+q), wherein, i represents register, does following steps,
A). make variable new_pix equal (last_pix+ (EP (i)＜＜1)+EP (i+1)+2)＞＞2;
B). make variable last_pix equal EP (i)
C). order is designated as the aray variable EP of i down iEqual new_pix;
D) .i increases 1, goes to a), till i is greater than (p+q);
(2) operation rule of DC predictive mode
If s i. j, t iAll available, all forecast samples then
Figure A20041000066600161
Equal (EP i+ EP j)＞＞1 sees among Fig. 5
DC 0: wherein,
I=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate;
If t ii. iUnavailable, s jAvailable, all forecast samples then Equal EP j, see DC among Fig. 5 i
Wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate;
If s iii. jUnavailable, t iAvailable, all forecast samples then
Figure A20041000066600163
Equal EP i, see DC among Fig. 5 2: its
In, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate;
If s iv. j, t iAll unavailable, all forecast samples then Equal 128, wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate.
A kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding of the present invention, its feature also is, consider from the realization of hardware, when p * q piece is 4 * 4 or 4 * 8 or 8 * 4 or 8 * 8 sizes, the structure of 9 kinds of predictive modes of brightness sample value is very complicated, wish to realize the compression of image, and can guarantee that again the performance of image compression does not reduce with a kind of more simple predictive mode.Therefore the present invention proposes to choose 9 kinds of part predictive modes in the predictive mode, and need the pattern that these patterns are done again be sorted by coding; The DC prediction a kind of as adopting, i.e. that the present invention proposes, and the vertical prediction that adopts among the JVT, horizontal forecast, 45 degree direction predictions, 135 degree directional prediction modes based on brightness sample value Forecasting Methodology in the frame of 5 kinds of predictive modes;
Pattern 0: vertical prediction (vertical prediction)
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast (horizontal prediction)
Pattern 2:DC prediction (DC prediction, the DC predictive mode that the present invention proposes)
Mode 3: 45 degree direction predictions (diagonal down/left prediction)
Pattern 4:135 degree direction prediction (diagonal down/right prediction)
9 kinds of predictive modes that the predict of this simplification adopts than original JVT have lacked the prediction and calculation of 4 directions, have significantly reduced computation complexity.
Similarly, for 16 * 16 luminance block and 8 * 8 chrominance block, also can only adopt DC predictive mode that the present invention proposes and with JVT in vertical prediction pattern, horizontal forecast pattern and dull and stereotyped predictive mode in one or both predictive modes.
A kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding of the present invention is compared with the intra-frame prediction method of JVT standard, and its DC predictive mode makes prediction more accurate, has improved the coding quality of image; The predictive mode of its simplification is guaranteeing to have significantly reduced the complexity of calculating under the condition that the image encoding performance does not have to descend.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 system block diagram;
Fig. 2 current block is adjacent the piece location drawing;
The predict figure of Fig. 3 p * q piece sample value;
8 prediction direction figure of Fig. 4 p * q Block Brightness sample value;
Fig. 5 DC predictive mode schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 system flow chart;
The predict figure of Fig. 78 * 8 Block Brightness sample values;
Fig. 8 brightness sample value under 9 kinds of predictive modes by the present invention definition and JVT standard definition under sample value noise bit rate curve chart when;
Fig. 9 brightness sample value is at the bit rate curve chart when of sample value noise under 5 kinds of predictive modes of the present invention definition and under 9 kinds of predictive modes of JVT standard definition;
First sample value U in two sample values of Figure 10 colourity is at the bit rate curve chart when of sample value noise under the DC of the present invention definition prediction and 2 kinds of predictive modes of dull and stereotyped prediction and under 4 kinds of predictive modes of JVT standard definition;
Second sample value V in two sample values of Figure 11 colourity is at the bit rate curve chart when of sample value noise under the DC of the present invention definition prediction and 2 kinds of predictive modes of dull and stereotyped prediction and under 4 kinds of predictive modes of JVT standard definition;
Embodiment
According to technical solution of the present invention, according to Fig. 1, shown in Figure 6, obtain original video sequence as input by video camera, enter computer by becoming video data stream behind the video frequency collection card, and the video coding technique that adopts JVT to provide, the brightness sample value of image in the sequence is done infra-frame prediction based on 8 * 8, concrete steps are as follows:
1. read the piece image in the sequence;
2. image is divided into one by one macro block by 16 * 16 sizes;
3. getting one 16 * 16 macro block is current predicted macroblock;
4. this macro block is pressed from left to right, order from top to bottom is divided into 8 * 8 piece;
5. get one 8 * 8 and be current block;
6. predict the pixel intensity sample value of 8 * 8 of current blocks;
The encoded intact pixel intensity sample value position of 8 * 8 current peripheries as shown in Figure 7, define its 9 kinds of predictive modes extremely the order be:
Pattern 0: vertical prediction (vertical prediction)
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast (horizontal prediction)
Pattern 2:DC predicts (DC prediction)
Mode 3: 45 degree direction predictions (diagonal down/left prediction)
Pattern 4:135 degree direction prediction (diagonal down/right prediction)
Pattern 5:112.5 degree direction prediction (vertical-right prediction)
Pattern 6:157.5 degree direction prediction (horizontal-down prediction)
Mode 7: 67.5 degree direction predictions (vertical-left prediction)
Pattern 8:22.5 degree direction prediction (horizontal-up prediction)
The predictive mode of this piece is defined as follows under a kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding that proposes by the present invention, 9 kinds of patterns:
1. the neighbor t that at first current block has been reconstructed i, s jAnd f, do the low-pass filtering of respective point by the JVT method, be put in the array, remember that this array is EP, and remember that m aray variable is EP in this array m, wherein, i=0,1 ..., 2q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1 ..., 2p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate, the block size that p * q represents, p are represented the columns of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, q represents the line number of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, t iThe expression current block left side one is listed as the capable pixel sample value of i, s jThe expression current block top j of delegation row pixel sample value, a IjThe pixel sample value of the capable j row of expression current block i; M represents the subscript variable of array EP;
In following calculating, symbol "＞＞" computing of expression gt.
EP is obtained by following algorithm:
If A. current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct in top, i.e. s j(j=0,1,2 ..., 7) available,
Then
a)EP (j+1)＝s (j)；j＝0，...，7
B) if current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of top right-hand side, i.e. s j(j=7,8 ..., 15) can
With, then
EP (1+j+p)＝s (p+j)；??j＝0，...，7
Otherwise
EP (1+j+p)＝EP (p)；????j＝0，...，7
c)EP (1+j+p)＝EP (p+j)；j＝8，9
d)EP (0)＝s 0；
If B. current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct in the left side, i.e. t i(i=0,1,2 ..., 7) available,
Then
a)EP (-1-i)＝t (i)；?i＝0，...，7
B) if current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of left lower side, i.e. t i(i=8,9 ..., 15)
Available, then
EP (-1-i-q)＝t (q+i))；i＝0，...，7
Otherwise
EP (-1-i-q)＝EP (-q)；i＝0，...，7
c)EP (-1-i-q)＝EP (-i-q)；i＝8，9
d)EP (0)＝t 0；
If s C. j(j=0,1,2 ..., 7) available, and t i(i=0,1,2 ..., 7) available, then
EP (0)＝f；
E. defined variable last_pix equals EP (16)
Get i and equal-16, wherein, i represents register, does following steps,
A). make variable new_pix equal (last_pix+ (EP (i)＜＜1)+EP (i+1)+ 2)＞＞2;
B). make variable last_pix equal EP (i)
C). order is designated as the aray variable EP of i down iEqual new_pix;
D) .i increases 1, goes to a), till i is greater than 16;
2. calculate the predicted value under each pattern
A, pattern 0: vertical prediction (vertical Prediction)
The necessary condition of this pattern of use is s j(j=0,1,2 ..., 7) available, forecast sample
Figure A20041000066600201
Production method as follows:
a ~ 000 = a ~ 010 = a ~ 020 = · · · = a ~ 070 = s 0 ;
a ~ 001 = a ~ 011 = a ~ 021 = · · · = a ~ 071 = s 1 ;
a ~ 000 = a ~ 012 = a ~ 022 = · · · = a ~ 072 = s 2 ;
a ~ 007 = a ~ 017 = a ~ 027 = · · · = a ~ 077 = s 7 ;
B, pattern 1: horizontal forecast (horizontal prediction)
The necessary condition of this pattern of use is t i(i=0,1,2 ..., 7) available, forecast sample Production method as follows:
a ~ 100 = a ~ 101 = a ~ 102 = · · · = a ~ 107 = t 0 ;
a ~ 110 = a ~ 111 = a ~ 112 = · · · a ~ 117 = t 1 ;
a ~ 120 = a ~ 121 = a ~ 122 = · · · = a ~ 127 = t 2 ;
a ~ 170 = a ~ 171 = a ~ 172 = · · · = a ~ 177 = t 7 ;
C, pattern 2:DC predict (DC prediction)
If s i. j(j=0,1,2 ..., 7), t i(i=0,1,2 ..., 7) all available, all forecast samples then Equal (EP i+ EP j)＞＞1;
If t ii. i(i=0,1,2 ..., 7) unavailable, s j(j=0,1,2 ..., 7) available, all forecast samples then Equal EP j
If s iii. j(j=0,1,2 ..., 7) unavailable, t i(i=0,1,2 ..., 7) available, all forecast samples then
Figure A20041000066600218
Equal EP i
If s iv. j(j=0,1,2 ..., 7), t i(i=0,1,2 ..., 7) all unavailable, all forecast samples then
Figure A20041000066600219
Equal 128, i=0,1,2 ..., 7, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., 7, remarked pixel row coordinate;
Other predictive mode is identical with the JVT standard with its operation rule.
7. determine the optimal prediction modes of current block
A. define k and represent current predictive mode, make that its initial value is 0;
B. by following prediction residual formula, obtain the prediction residual value Δ under the predictive mode k k:
Δ k = a ij - a ~ kij
Here, a IjExpression original pixels brightness sample value, Predict pixel brightness sample value under the expression pattern k, k represents the predictive mode code clerk; I=0,1,2 ..., q-1 remarked pixel row-coordinate; J=0,1,2 ..., p-1 remarked pixel row coordinate;
C. adopt the coding method among the JVT, the prediction residual of each pixel is done dct transform (dct transform refers to discrete cosine transform), quantification and entropy coding, calculate the number of coded bits of current block under present mode; And after the prediction residual of each pixel done dct transform and quantize, carry out inverse quantization and anti-dct transform again, add predicted value then The brightness sample value of each pixel in the reconstructed blocks is designated as
Figure A20041000066600224
K represents the predictive mode code clerk; I=0,1,2 ..., q-1 remarked pixel row-coordinate; J=0,1,2 ..., p-1 remarked pixel row coordinate;
D. adopt the method among the JVT to calculate the distortion rate of this piece under current predictive mode, be designated as rdcost;
distortion = Σ i , j ( a ij - a ^ kij ) 2
rd?cost＝distortion+lambda×rate；
Wherein, distortion is the original brightness sample value and the quadratic sum of predicting value difference of all pixels of current block, and lambda is a constant, and rate is the used bit number of coding current block under present mode;
The e.k value increases 1, repeats b, c, and d in the e step, carries out till one time until all predictive modes of this piece;
D. compare the rdcost under each pattern, the pattern of choosing the rdcost minimum is current optimal prediction modes;
8. with the last predicted value of the predicted value under the optimal prediction modes, be designated as this piece I=0,1,2 ..., q-1 remarked pixel row-coordinate; J=0,1,2 ..., p-1 remarked pixel row coordinate; With the last reconstruction value of the reconstruction value under the optimal prediction modes, be designated as this piece
Figure A20041000066600227
I=0,1,2 ..., q-1 remarked pixel row-coordinate; J=0,1,2 ..., p-1 remarked pixel row coordinate;
9. get next 8 * 8 as current block, repeat the process in the 6th to 9 step, till this macro block is encoded fully;
10. get next macro block as current predicted macroblock, repeat the process in the 3rd to 10 step, till the coding of finishing entire image.
11. take off piece image, repeat the process in the 2nd to 11 step, till the coding of finishing whole sequence.
If the predictive mode that selection is simplified, the predicted value of the then each predictive mode that only need pick out as required in the 6th step of calculating is as can only needing the predicted value of the preceding 5 kinds of predictive modes of calculating.
Sample result
1. utilize the predict of 9 kinds of predictive modes of the improvement DC predictive mode that the present invention proposes, HD video sequence to one 1280 * 720, with 8 * 8 as the basic handling piece, done prediction test in the 10 frame full frames, and with the sample value noise of infra-prediction techniques under different quantized values in the existing JVT standard when bit rate done relatively (following table), the brightness sample value of having drawn signal to noise ratio (being designated as PSNRY) and bit rate (being designated as Bitrate) curve chart (Fig. 8).
HD video sequential test result: (frame per second: 30Hz, 10 frames, 1280*720)
??qp＝29 ?qp＝32 ???qp＝37 ??qp＝43 ?Gain
??JVT ?PSNRY ??40.74 ?39.07 ???36.44 ??33.65
?Bitrate ??49975.51 ?39797.21 ???26065.39 ??16003.66
The present invention ?PSNRY ??40.74 ?39.07 ???36.45 ??33.66
?Bitrate ??48273.29 ?38174.86 ???24659.59 ??15053.78 ?0.317872
As can be seen from the figure, utilize curve that 9 kinds of Forecasting Methodologies of the improvement DC predictive mode that the present invention proposes obtain above the curve that utilizes the JVT intra-frame prediction method to obtain, this shows the present invention under the condition that does not increase any complexity, the raising of image on compression performance.
2. utilize the predict of the simplification that the present invention proposes, as only getting preceding 5 kinds of predictive modes, keep its original order, respectively to one 1280 * 720 HD video sequence, 10 frame full frame build-in tests have been done, with the sample value noise of infra-prediction techniques under different quantized values in the existing JVT standard when bit rate done relatively (following table), the sample value of having drawn signal to noise ratio and bit rate curve chart (Fig. 9).
HD video sequential test result: (frame per second: 30Hz, 10 frames, 1280*720)
????qp＝29 ????qp＝32 ????qp＝37 ????qp＝43 ????Gain
JVT ?PSNRY ?40.74 ?39.07 ?36.44 ?33.65
?Bitrate ?49975.51 ?39797.21 ?26065.39 ?16003.66
The present invention ?PSNRY ?40.71 ?39.05 ?36.42 ?33.62
?Bitrate ?49494.07 ?39244.87 ?25611.6 ?15811.37 ?0.070442
From figure as can be seen, the curve that the simplification prediction mode method of utilizing the present invention to propose is obtained overlaps substantially with the curve that utilizes the JVT intra-frame prediction method to obtain, this shows the present invention under the condition that has reduced a large amount of complexities, still can well keep the compression performance of image.
3. utilize the predict of the simplification that the present invention proposes that two colourity sample values are carried out DC prediction (pattern 0) and the dull and stereotyped prediction of predicting (pattern 1) 2 kinds of predictive modes, respectively to one 1280 * 720 HD video sequence, 10 frame full frame build-in tests have been done, with the sample value noise of infra-prediction techniques under different quantized values in the existing JVT standard when bit rate done relatively (following table), the colourity of having drawn sample value signal to noise ratio (being designated as PSNRU and PSNRV) sample value signal to noise ratio and bit rate curve chart (Figure 10, Figure 11).
HD video sequential test result: (frame per second: 30Hz, 10 frames, 1280*720)
????QP＝27 ????QP＝30 ????QP＝35 ????QP＝40 Gain
JVT ?PSNRU ????43.73 ????42.51 ????40.39 ????38.42
?PSNRV ????45.02 ????43.81 ????41.73 ????39.75
?Bitrate ????10852.48 ????8886.85 ????6255.15 ????4354.17
The present invention ?PSNRU ????43.65 ????42.44 ????40.34 ????38.36
?PSNRV ????44.95 ????43.74 ????41.69 ????39.71 -0.09104
?Bitrate ????10898.41 ????8916.32 ????6299.61 ????4372.89 -0.08189
From figure as can be seen, the curve that the simplification prediction mode method of utilizing the present invention to propose is obtained overlaps substantially with the curve that utilizes the JVT intra-frame prediction method to obtain, this shows the present invention under the condition that has reduced a large amount of complexities, still can well keep the compression performance of image.

Claims (4)

1. intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding, its video coding is to obtain original video stream as input by video camera, enter computer by becoming video data stream behind the video frequency collection card, and the video coding technique that adopts JVT to provide, handle and computing by computer, its method step is: computer system is accepted the original video stream that capture card is handled well, read the piece image of the video sequence that receives then, and with the pixel sample value of this image by from left to right, order from top to bottom is divided into 16 * 16 macro block; The macro block that reads from computer storage is sent to intra-framed prediction module, when specific coding, has stipulated the prediction mode of basic handling piece in the image, if adopt inter prediction, the motion vector by corresponding algorithm computation current block obtains its predicted value; Otherwise the employing infra-frame prediction utilizes the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of current block to give a forecast by corresponding infra-prediction techniques, by the method for JVT standard prediction residual is carried out conversion to remove the spatial coherence in the transform block then, quantizes again; Then, use the variable-length encoding or the arithmetic coding of JVT technology that quantization transform coefficient information is encoded, till this image encoding is finished, export this image encoded bit stream at last; Read the following piece image in the sequence that receives, by that analogy until all images all encode finish till;
In the infra-prediction techniques of the 5.0 version video encoding standards that the JVT standard provides, the predict that is based on p * q piece that the prediction of brightness or colourity sample value is adopted, wherein p represents the columns of piece, q represents the line number of piece, it be utilize on this p * q piece, upper right, left, upper left and left lower side reconstructed pixels sample value, predict the pixel sample value of current block according to some predictive mode and computation rule thereof, wherein, i=0,1 ... 2q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate, t iThe expression current block left side one is listed as the capable pixel sample value of i, s jThe expression current block top j of delegation row pixel sample value, a IjThe pixel sample value of the capable j row of expression current block i; Wherein,
1). when handling the brightness sample value, when the JVT standard definition is 4 * 4,4 * 8,8 * 4 and 8 * 8 when piece, promptly when p=4 or p=8, when q=4 or q=8, adopt 9 kinds of predictive modes, these predictive modes be in proper order:
Pattern 0: vertical prediction
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast
Pattern 2:DC prediction
Mode 3: 45 degree direction predictions
Pattern 4:135 degree direction prediction
Pattern 5:112.5 degree direction prediction
Pattern 6:157.5 degree direction prediction
Mode 7: 67.5 degree direction predictions
Pattern 8:22.5 degree direction prediction
Wherein, except the DC predictive mode, remaining 8 kinds of predictive modes are called directional prediction modes;
2). when handling the brightness sample value, adopt 4 kinds of predictive modes when the JVT standard also defines p=q=16, these predictive modes are for order being:
Pattern 0: vertical prediction
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast
Pattern 2:DC prediction
Mode 3: dull and stereotyped prediction
3). when handling the colourity sample value, 4 kinds of predictive modes that the JVT standard definition is 8 * 8 with order are:
Pattern 0:DC prediction
Pattern 1: horizontal forecast
Pattern 2: vertical prediction
Mode 3: dull and stereotyped prediction
The invention is characterized in, read prediction module in the laggard incoming frame of macro block data from computer storage, described pixel sample value in 16 * 16 macro blocks of each selection infra-frame prediction is predicted by following steps formed in turn:
(1). getting one 16 * 16 macro block is current predicted macroblock;
(2). by from left to right, order from top to bottom is divided into p * q with this macro block, and p represents the columns of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, q represents the line number of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16;
(3). getting a p * q piece is current block;
(4). pixel intensity or the colourity sample value of prediction current block p * q;
(5). get next p * q piece as current block, repeat (3) to (5) process in step, till this macroblock prediction finishes;
Wherein, when pixel intensity of carrying out current block p * q or the prediction of colourity sample value, the principal character of DC prediction mode method wherein is:
Current block is to utilize adjacent block (U, L, UR, UL, DL) in the sample value of decoded pixel calculate its DC predictive mode, wherein, define symbol C represents current block, and symbol U represents the last piece adjacent with current block, symbol L represents the left piece adjacent with current block, symbol UL represents adjacent with current block upper left, and symbol UR represents adjacent with current block upper right, and symbol DL represents that current block represents the lower-left piece adjacent with current block;
1) but. last, upper right, left, the upper left and lower-left piece adjacent with current block be the time spent all, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the method for 8 prediction direction of approximate JVT standard under the definition DC predictive mode, but with these 8 prediction direction filtering method different;
2) but. the top piece time spent adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the method for 8 prediction direction of approximate JVT standard under the definition DC predictive mode, but different with the filtering method of these 8 prediction direction;
3) but. the left side piece time spent adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the method for 8 prediction direction of approximate JVT standard under the definition DC predictive mode, but different with the filtering method of these 8 prediction direction;
4). on adjacent with current block, when left side piece is all unavailable, all pixel predictors of current block are 128 under the definition DC predictive mode.
2. according to the described a kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding of claim 1, it is characterized in that, after entering intra-framed prediction module, described DC predictive mode, can specifically adopt to give a definition:
1) but equal time spent of last, upper right, left, the upper left and lower-left face piece adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for bi-directional predicted method under the definition DC predictive mode;
2) but the top piece time spent adjacent with current block, all pixel predictors of current block can be asked for the almost vertical direction Forecasting Methodology under the definition DC predictive mode, though neighbor and the filtering method chosen in the direction unanimity calculating process of this method and vertical prediction are different;
3) but the left side piece time spent adjacent with current block, the also available level of approximation direction prediction of all pixel predictors of current block method is asked under the definition DC predictive mode, though neighbor and the filtering method chosen in the direction unanimity calculating process of this method and horizontal forecast are different;
4) adjacently with current block go up, when left side piece is all unavailable, all pixel predictors of current block are 128 under the definition DC predictive mode.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described a kind of intra-frame prediction methods that are used for video coding, it is characterized in that, after entering intra-framed prediction module, described DC predictive mode, can specifically adopt with the numerical value of giving a definition:
(1) the neighbor t that at first current block has been reconstructed i, s jAnd f, do the low-pass filtering of respective point by the JVT method, be put in the array, remember that this array is EP, and remember that m aray variable is EP in this array m, wherein, i=0,1 ..., 2q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1 ..., 2p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate, the block size that p * q represents, p are represented the columns of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, q represents the line number of piece, can equal 4,8, or 16, t iThe expression current block left side one is listed as the capable pixel sample value of i, s jThe expression current block top j of delegation row pixel sample value, a IjThe pixel sample value of the capable j row of expression current block i; M represents the subscript variable of array EP;
In following calculating, symbol "＞＞" computing of expression gt;
EP is obtained by following algorithm:
If A. current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct in top, i.e. s jAvailable, wherein, j=0,
1,2 ..., p-1, then
a)EP (j+1)＝s (j)；j＝0，…，p-1
B) if current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of top right-hand side, i.e. s jAvailable, wherein,
J=p, p+1, p+2 ..., 2p-1, then
EP (1+j+p)＝s (p+j)；j＝0，…，p-1
EP (1+j+p)＝S (p+p-1)；j＝p，…，q-1
Otherwise
EP (1+j+p)＝EP (p)；j＝0，…，p-1
c)EP (1+j+p)＝EP (p+j)；j＝p，…，q+1
d)EP (0)＝s 0；
If B. current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct in the left side, i.e. t iAvailable, wherein, i=0,
1,2 ..., q-1, then
a)EP (-1-i)＝t (i)；i＝0，…，q-1
B) if current macro has the pixel of the adjacent reconstruct of left lower side, i.e. t iAvailable, wherein,
I=q, q+1, q+2 ..., 2q-1, then
EP (-1-i-q)＝t (q+i)；i＝0，…，q-1
EP (-1-i-q)＝t (q+q-1)；i＝q，…，p-1
Otherwise
EP (-1-i-q)＝EP (-q)；i＝0，…，q-1
c)EP (-1-i-q)＝EP (-i-q)；i＝p，p+1
d)EP (0)＝t 0；
If s C. jAvailable, and available t i, wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, wherein, j=0,
1,2 ..., p-1, then
EP (0)＝f；
D. defined variable last_ix equals EP (-(p+q))
Get i to equal-(p+q), wherein, i represents register, does following steps,
A). make variable new_pix equal (last_pix+ (EP (i)＜＜1)+EP (i+1)+ 2)＞＞2;
B). make variable last_pix equal EP (i)
C). order is designated as the aray variable EP of i down iEqual new_pix;
D) .i increases 1, goes to a), till i is greater than (p+q);
(2) operation rule of DC predictive mode
If s i. j, t iAll available, all forecast samples then
Figure A2004100006660007C1
Equal (EP i+ EP j)＞＞1, wherein,
I=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate;
If t ii. iUnavailable, s jAvailable, all forecast samples then
Figure A2004100006660007C2
Equal EP j, wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate;
If s iii. jUnavailable, t iAvailable, all forecast samples then
Figure A2004100006660007C3
Equal EP i, wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate;
If s iv. j, t iAll unavailable, all forecast samples then
Figure A2004100006660007C4
Equal 128, wherein, i=0,1,2 ..., q-1, the remarked pixel row-coordinate, j=0,1,2 ..., p-1, remarked pixel row coordinate.
4, according to the described a kind of intra-frame prediction method that is used for video coding of claim 1, it is characterized in that, also can choose 9 kinds of part predictive modes in the predictive mode, and need the pattern that these patterns are done again be sorted by coding; The DC prediction a kind of as adopting, i.e. that the present invention proposes, and the vertical prediction that adopts among the JVT, horizontal forecast, 45 degree direction predictions, 135 degree directional prediction modes based on brightness sample value Forecasting Methodology in the frame of 5 kinds of predictive modes;
Similarly, for 16 * 16 luminance block and 8 * 8 chrominance block, the DC prediction that also can only adopt the present invention to propose, one or both predictive modes in the vertical prediction that adopts among the JVT, horizontal forecast and the dull and stereotyped predictive mode.
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