CN1532037A - 隔音隔热结构元件 - Google Patents

隔音隔热结构元件 Download PDF

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CN1532037A
CN1532037A CNA2004100302493A CN200410030249A CN1532037A CN 1532037 A CN1532037 A CN 1532037A CN A2004100302493 A CNA2004100302493 A CN A2004100302493A CN 200410030249 A CN200410030249 A CN 200410030249A CN 1532037 A CN1532037 A CN 1532037A
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depression
described element
skin
sound
rigid foam
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CN100376376C (zh
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T
T·德雷尔
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Covestro Deutschland AG
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Bayer MaterialScience AG
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Abstract

一种闭孔聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料结构元件，其具有优良的隔热性能和改良的吸音性能，其性能是通过满足特殊标准的表面凹陷获得的。

Description

隔音隔热结构元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种闭孔聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的结构元件，其具有优良的隔热以及改良的吸音特性。
背景技术
聚合物泡沫塑料板，特别是聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料，以种种应用方式应用于建筑物隔热。在屋顶隔热方面，例如把40mm～180mm厚的板用作可安装的隔热材料。这些板的主要目的是确保隔热。为此，通常所使用的材料具有20～35mW/mK的热传导率。如果使用弹性外层，则该热传导率能够愈加提高。另外，必须提供至少0.10N/mm2的抗压强度，因为当铺设这些板的时候，必须确保屋顶材料的承重能力。板材除隔热外同时也保证隔绝外部噪音以及阻止声音在房间之间的传导，特别是频率范围为1000～5000Hz，这样的板材将是有利的。
表面压实的多孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料模制部件用作设备的绝缘外套在DE-A19962865中已经被描述。获得吸音效果是由于皮层覆盖的泡沫塑料表面附近穿孔，声波从而能够穿透泡沫塑料。然而不利的是其中所述的泡沫塑料既没有足够的抗压强度，也没有足够的隔热特性。
发明内容
现在已经发现如果表面凹陷具有不同的尺寸，通常无法保证隔音的闭孔聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的吸音效果在频率范围1000～5000Hz内得到显著改善。闭孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料的优良隔热性能由于这些穿孔仅仅轻微受到影响。
附图简述
附图描述实施例1-6中生产的泡沫塑料的吸音特性。
具体实施方案
本发明提供一种隔音和隔热结构元件，该元件包括一种聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料板，其具有多于90％的闭孔，其表面每平方厘米含有1～18个直径在0.1～10mm，深度为1～7cm的凹陷，其中至少存在两种类型的凹陷，它们至少在一种尺寸上不同。
结构元件的表面具有直径0.1～10mm的凹陷，更优选的是直径0.2～4mm。凹陷可以是圆的、椭圆的、十字形或狭缝状，多种形状的组合也是可以被使用的。凹陷的深度为0.1～7cm，优选1～4cm，小于板的厚度。凹陷的深度和板的厚度之差优选至少为5mm。结构元件表面的凹陷数目为每平方厘米1～18个，优选每平方厘米4～15个。结构元件可以在前面或后面或同时在两边具有凹陷。
已经发现外层的使用导致本发明的结构元件在吸音特性方面的改良。关于这点，结构元件的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料板既可以在一面或者同时两面提供一种外层。可以在前面和后面提供相同或不同的外层。堆密度为40～80Kg/m3的无机绒头织物被优选用作外层。然而泡碱牛皮纸、沥青纸、沥青毛毡、皱纹纸，涂覆聚乙烯的玻璃绒头织物(fleece)和铝箔也可以被用作外层。所用的外层厚度取决于所用的材料。例如对于铝箔来说，0.03mm的厚度是适宜的。不超过3mm的厚度对于沥青毛毡是适宜的。其他适宜的外层在G.Oertel(编者)的《聚氨酯》第三版(Carl Hanser Vlg.，Munich 1993，p.272ff)中加以阐述。在一个优选实施方案中，结构元件在面对声源的前面具有一无机绒头织物外层，在远离声源的后面具有一铝箔外层。
密度为20～120Kg/m3闭孔体系，优选20～80Kg/m3，最优选25～40/m3，被用于聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料典型地在指数(异氰酸酯基团与异氰酸酯反应基团的摩尔比率乘100)为100～600优选100～400发泡。
在本发明的结构元件中所用的板是通过本领域技术人员已知的方法生产的。如果使用一种外层，优选在泡沫塑料的生产过程中例如在以双传送带生产板的过程中直接发泡。在泡沫塑料中的凹陷是通过传统的机械方法例如钻孔、铣削等产生的。
实施例
通过下面的组分反应生产聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。
64重量份的聚酯多元醇，其基于己二酸、邻苯二甲酸酐和二甘醇，羟基数为210(市售的，商标为DesmophenDE S-053，Bayer AG)；
16重量份的聚醚多元醇，其羟基数为255，通过三羟甲基丙烷和一种环氧乙烷和氧化丙烯的混合物反应生产(市售的，商标为DesmophenVP.PU1657，BayerAG)；
160重量份的二苯甲烷-4，4′-二异氰酸酯异构体和它们的高级同系物(市售的，商标为Desmodur44V20，Bayer AG)；
还存在
16重量份的三氯丙基磷酸酯(作为防火剂)；
13.2重量份的正戊烷；
1.2重量份的水
1.6重量份的市售的聚醚/聚硅氧烷发泡稳定剂(市售的，商标为DabcoDC5598，Air products)；
3.6重量份的25％的溶于二甘醇的乙酸钾溶液；
以及
0.56重量份的二甲基环己胺
获得的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料(指数为236)，其具有30Kg/m3的密度和体积百分比为10％的开孔结构。根据德国工业标准(DIN)52616其热传导率为25.8mW/mK(23℃)。
实施例1(对比例)
从硬质泡沫塑料上切下的200mm长，200mm宽，40mm厚的一种平板模制部件。根据ASTM E1050-90在一个30mm和90mm直径的吸音管内测定频率依赖性吸音特性。附图显示了样品的吸音特性。热传导率是25.8mW/mK。
实施例2(对比例)
根据实施例1所生产的测试体的表面具有直径2mm和15mm深的圆柱型凹陷，每平方厘米的凹陷数目是5个。附图显示样品的吸音特性。热传导率是26.3mW/mK。
实施例3(对比例)
根据实施例1所生产的测试体的表面具有直径4mm和20mm深的圆柱型凹陷，每平方厘米的凹陷数目是5个。附图显示样品的吸音特性。热传导率是28.0mW/mK。
实施例4
根据实施例1所生产的测试体的表面具有直径2mm和15mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米1个)，及直径4mm和20mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米2个)，还有直径4mm和30mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米2个)。附图显示样品的吸音特性。热传导率是29.4mW/mK。
实施例5
根据实施例1所生产的测试体，在其一面(面对声源的一面)具有市售的，商标为Vliepatex的表面(涂覆无机物的玻璃绒头织物，其密度为50g/m2)。然后在表面上钻孔获得直径2mm和15mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米1个)，及直径4mm和20mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米2个)，还有直径4mm和30mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米2个)。附图显示样品的吸音特性。热传导率是30.7mW/mK。
实施例6
近似于实施例1所生产的50mm厚测试体，在其一面(面对声源的一面)具有市售的，商标为Vliepatex的表面(涂覆无机物的玻璃绒头织物，其密度为50g/m2)。然后在表面上钻孔获得直径4mm和20mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米1个)，及直径4mm和30mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米2个)，还有直径4mm和40mm深的圆柱型凹陷(每平方厘米2个)。附图显示样品的吸音特性。热传导率是32.2mW/mK。
尽管基于说明的目的本发明已经在前面加以详细描述，但是应当理解这种详述仅仅是基于说明的目的，只要是权利要求限定范围内的，本领域技术人员基于此所作的变化没有背离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种隔音隔热元件，包括一聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料板，其具有多于90％的闭孔，其表面每平方厘米有1～18个凹陷，该凹陷的直径为0.1～10mm，深度为10～70mm，其中至少有两种类型的凹陷，它们至少在一种尺寸上不同。
2.权利要求1所述的元件，其中凹陷存在于泡沫塑料板的前后两侧。
3.权利要求2所述的元件，其中聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料板在其前面或后面具有一外层。
4.权利要求3所述的元件，其中外层是铝箔或无机纤维绒头织物。
5.权利要求4所述的元件，其中闭孔聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料板在其前面和后面具有一外层。
6.权利要求5所述的元件，其中泡沫塑料板前面外层的材料不同于后面外层的材料。
7.权利要求1所述的元件，其中聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料板在其前面和后面具有一外层。
8.权利要求7所述的元件，其中外层为铝箔或无机纤维绒头织物。
9.权利要求8所述的元件，其中泡沫塑料板在其前后两侧具有外层。
10.权利要求9所述的元件，其中泡沫塑料前面的外层材料不同于泡沫塑料后面外层的材料。
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CN111479679A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2020-07-31 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板
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CN111479679A (zh) * 2017-11-28 2020-07-31 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫隔热板
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