CN1527738A - Compositions of insoluble magnesium containing minerals for use in fluid filtration - Google Patents

Compositions of insoluble magnesium containing minerals for use in fluid filtration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1527738A
CN1527738A CNA028078586A CN02807858A CN1527738A CN 1527738 A CN1527738 A CN 1527738A CN A028078586 A CNA028078586 A CN A028078586A CN 02807858 A CN02807858 A CN 02807858A CN 1527738 A CN1527738 A CN 1527738A
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China
Prior art keywords
scavenging material
magnesium
scavenging
fluid
mineral
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CNA028078586A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
K・D・胡赫斯
K·D·胡赫斯
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Watervisions International Inc
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Watervisions International Inc
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Publication of CN1527738A publication Critical patent/CN1527738A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B01D39/2079—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular otherwise bonded, e.g. by resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2082—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B01D39/2089—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being filamentary or fibrous otherwise bonded, e.g. by resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
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    • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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    • B01J20/261—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • B01J20/262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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    • B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/28026—Particles within, immobilised, dispersed, entrapped in or on a matrix, e.g. a resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
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    • B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
    • B01J20/3475—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture in the liquid phase
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    • B01J47/018—Granulation; Incorporation of ion-exchangers in a matrix; Mixing with inert materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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Abstract

A method and device for the filtration and/or purification of fluids water or other solutions containing microbiological and chemical contaminants, such as fluids containing cysts, bacteria and/or viruses, and heavy metals and/or pesticides, where the fluid is passed through a purification material composed of magnesium containing mineral and more preferably silicates containing magnesium, oxides containing magnesium, hydroxides containing magnesium, and phosphates containing magnesium and absorption media in a fixed binder matrix.

Description

The composition that is used for the insoluble magnesium-containing mineral of filtering flow
Invention field
The present invention relates generally to solution and fluid filter or purifier field, relating generally to solution strainer and water purifies, be used for gas and water and other liquid, aqueous device, these devices are removed pollutant from gas by these devices or liquid, aqueous solution.Its more particularly aspect, the present invention relates to from the water or the aqueous solution, to remove the device field of chemistry and microorgranic contaminant, pollutant comprises heavy metal and pesticide, bacterium and virus and component thereof.
Background of invention
From providing safe or drinkable drinking water to comprise separating of composition fermentation process and the biofluid to the Biological Technology purposes, the purification of water or other aqueous solution or to filter for many application be necessary.Similarly, from the hospital that needs ultrapure air and toilet and air will the environment of recirculation, remove the important application that microorganism also is a filter medium in the breathable air as aircraft or spacecraft.In recent years, needs have been recognized in the family more for air filtration and purification, the competitive relation of energy efficiency and IAQ has caused producing countless air filtration products, HEPA filter or the like for example, it is claimed and remove little particle, anaphylactogen even microorganism from air.
There are many known methods that water purifies that are used at present, for example, distillation, ion-exchange, chemisorbed, filtration or reservation, the latter is the physics occlusion of particulate.Carry out the particle filtration by film or the thin layer that uses granular material, but in each case, the particle size that the pore-size of material and the control of the interval between the granular material are kept.Additional purification medium comprises the material of after chemical reaction, and chemical reaction changes the state or the uniformity of chemical substance in the fluid to be clean.
In most of the cases, the combination that needs various technology is so that bodies for purifying fluids fully, as water.Can realize the combination of various technology by the multiple function of combination in single device or by the device (wherein each finishes different functions) of several series connection of use.The example of this practice comprises the resin that uses mixing, and it removes electronegative and chemical substance and uncharged material positively charged.
In these water treatment technologies and the practice, manyly be expensive, low-yield efficient and/or need the important techniques tricks of the trade and be complicated.The conventional method of simplifying these complexity needs expensive processing or custom-designed device.Regrettably, the development of low-cost technologies can not solve the removal of harmful chemistry and biological pollutant, bacterium and virus fully.For example, simple on-the-spot (point-of-use) purifier, as be connected to filter on indoor feed pipe or camper and hiker's the drinking water unit, can not remove fully and degerm and virus, unless use expensive thin film technique or extensive chemical oxidant, for example, halogen or reactive oxygen species.
The minimum standard that Environmental Protection Department (Enironmental Protection Agency) (EPA) has advised and checked and accepted as the device of microorganism water purifier.The reduction that the common intestinal bacterium of being represented by bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Terrigena must show minimum 6-log is from 1 * 10 7The influent concentration of/100ml is removed 99.9999% organic matter.The reduction that the common virus of being represented by poliovirus 1 (LSc) and rotavirus (Wa or SA-11) must show minimum 4log is from 1 * 10 7The influent concentration of/L is removed 99.99% organic matter.For example the cyst by Giardia muris or Giardia lamblia representative is inducing an illness of extensively distribution and resists chemical disinfection.The reduction that the device of cyst must show minimum 3log is removed in requirement, respectively from 1 * 10 6/ L or 1 * 10 7The influent concentration of/L is removed 99.9% cyst.EPA has accepted to use other particle of appropriate size scope as a kind of means that require the testing arrangement of this function right.
The material of removing very effectively with fixation of microbe has many application, but a special application is in biotechnology and fermentation industry.This material is useful in the processing of the fermentating juice that recycles or reuse not only, and they also have practicality to the microorganism that sweat is concerned about as the microorganism immobilization material.
The hydroxide of the silicate of the magnesium of known use graininess or particulate or fibers form, the oxide of magnesium, magnesium and the phosphate of magnesium are as chemical bond.
Some forms of the silicate of magnesium are called as asbestos, and these can be mixed with cellulose and be used for removing microorganism and particulate material from the fluid that will be used to consume with the material of fibers form exploitation.The silicate of using magnesium with the mineral forms that contains asbestos carries out sharply reducing filtering flow causes breathing problem when knowing this material in suction after.The magnesium silicate of asbestos fibre form has had been found that as flame retardant materials and the commercial use that can strengthen the material of concrete and synthetic polymer.
The silicate of the magnesium of non-asbestos form comprises the mineral that are defined as talcum, and is used in medicine and cosmetics and paint and the coatings industry commercial.The silicate that contains aluminium and magnesium also is used in these fields.
The silicate that contains magnesium can obtain by chemical synthesis production or by exploitation/processing raw ore, and described raw ore can find in the whole world.Contain the oxide of magnesium silicate, magnesium, the hydroxide of magnesium and the phosphate of magnesium and can be used as the biological water purification agent by a kind of complex process, described complex process comprises the chemisorbed of chemical substance, biomaterial and microorganism.
The silicate of magnesium is the natural mineral of producing, its be common in the mixture of various versions and have a variable concentrations other replace the metal of magnesium metal.The oxide of magnesium, the hydroxide of magnesium and phosphate also can and can pass through synthetic method production in the occurring in nature discovery.
Other composition of the magnesium silicate mixture of exploitation comprises metal for example aluminium, titanium, calcium, iron, copper etc.In order to be used for many products, to produce the oxide of magnesium, and comprise method for treating water.The phosphate of magnesium can be used in many application, comprises water treatment.
Also do not introduce the known available microbe filter or the purifier of magnesium silicate, magnesia, magnesium hydroxide or magnesium phosphate compound with the porous blocks form.Have document show the silicate of magnesium can be used as filtering material, particularly fibers form and more particularly when mixing with cellulose and/or glass fibre.Discussed in the document and in the past by proved the silicate that uses magnesium such as many companies such as Seitz, particularly the asbestos fibre filter is handled water.For many years, Seitz has produced asbestos fiber filter and has been used for handling the beverage industry water.Also there is not the magnesium silicate of known use block form from the water treatment logistics, to remove disclosing of microbial organisms.
But, also do not have proof the silicate of magnesium can be used for or introduce the device that satisfies above-mentioned minimum EPA requirement.In addition, also do not work and produce to eliminate the porous blocks material of the harm relevant with some type silicic acid magnesium materials of use.
Scientific literature shows, has also studied cellulose-asbestos fiber filter plate, and in order to be incorporated into the quick concentration determination laboratory method of virus analysis, but these effort are unsuccessful.
A kind of method for treating water also is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 4,167, and in 479, it uses active medium and the active microorganism made by dusty material (less than 50 orders) to purify liquid waste.This active medium combines with waste water and circulation, makes biological respinse and chemical reaction to take place.In the method, mineral are used as particulate additives to be added in the water system and is dispersed in the whole fluid, with water can be opposite by its conduct of flowing part bond material.This list of references does not provide or advises removing method of microorganism from waste water.In fact, in fact it use active microorganism as a part of handling, and do not consider the removal of microorganism.In addition, these list of references lay special stress on mineral provide metal ion with precipitate phosphoric acid salt, to reduce or eliminate be the needs that precipitate phosphoric acid salt uses other type chemical substance, as alum.
In addition, the material in pottery and biology-implantation field is known.Yet for the preparation of filtering flow purpose, they can not pass through fluid for the purpose of filtering flow to these materials.
Therefore, in this field, derive from phosphatic uncomplicated, safe, the cheap fluid purification of the hydroxide of silicate, magnesium of oxide, the magnesium-aluminium of silicate, the magnesium of the magnesium of natural and synthetic material and magnesium and filter method and device and also have demand for introducing.The purpose of the present invention and technology is to use magnesium-containing mineral to produce practical fluid purification and filter and method, and this method allows safe handling easy acquisition form and common or silicate, oxide and phosphate by all synthetic magnesium of many distinct methods.This area also needs to satisfy the method and apparatus as the minimum EPA requirement of microorganism water purifier, makes this device be very suitable for consumer and industry spot application.
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, the inventor has been found that the prominent question in some type magnesium silicate filter for installations of known use is, when sucking and with the filter plate doing atmosphere is opened wide the time, mineral material is dangerous, and the mineral fibres possible loss also may be inhaled into.Danger may be ripped or be torn and be produced to these plates also.
In addition, the inventor has been found that another prominent question is in the filter for installation of known introducing magnesium-containing mineral, when magnesium-containing mineral is loose form, no matter is particle, particulate or fiber.Use the efficient of the filter of loose form material production to be subjected to the channeling that caused by the fluid pressure that flows through filter media and the infringement of by-pass flow effect and particle erosion and aggtegation, described fluid is the water and the aqueous solution particularly.Because chemicals, virus and bacterium remove by closely contacting with sorbing material, so, because hydraulic pressure, current, particle erosion or particle agglomeration and in the agglomerated materials that forms in time in addition less raceway groove or passage also enough easily make undesirable microorgranic contaminant pass through filter.
For example, water is as Experimental Flowing Object and use the filter medium of material of the present invention as microorganism, according to the concentration 1 * 10 of virus inflow 6The calculating of/L shows, the minimizing of expection 4-log, but in filter process, by the passage that in filter medium, forms, as long as 0.01% water passes through to handle the minimizing that in fact just can only produce 3.7log through bypass.If 0.1% flows through with being untreated, then only produce the minimizing of 3log.If 1% flows through with being untreated, then only produce the minimizing of 2log, and if 10% flow through, then only produce the minimizing of 1log. with being untreatedWhen expecting the minimizing of 6-log, harmful result of raceway groove is more significant, when the water bypass when 0.01% is passed through to handle, and the minimizing that in fact only produces 4-log.The present invention has solved this problem by the microbe filter and the method for removing the pollutant that comprises bacterium and virus are provided, wherein magnesium-containing mineral and other graininess absorbent filtering medium are fixed in the chemical adhesion agent material, form porous filter material, it eliminates the possibility of passage and activating agent bypass.
In general, the present invention is apparatus and method that purify and filter aqueous fluid, particularly water is (for example for described fluid, drinking water or swimming water or water for bathing) or other aqueous solution is (for example, fermentation broth and the solution that is used for the cell cultivation), or gas or admixture of gas, as be found in breathable air in toilet, hospital, diving apparatus, airborne vehicle or the spaceship and the gas that is used to spray, purge or remove particle matter from the surface.The use of apparatus of the present invention and method causes removing the microorganism dirt of high percentage, comprises bacterium and virus and part thereof.Especially, using of apparatus and method of the present invention causes water purification to reach the EPA standard level that satisfies as microorganism water purifier regulation.In one embodiment, the present invention relates to be used for the scavenging material of fluid, this scavenging material comprises the particulate magnesium-containing mineral of porous blocks form, therefore wherein has adhesive.These magnesium-containing minerals of at least a portion are usually from the silicate of magnesium, the silicate of magnalium, the oxide of magnesium, the phosphate of magnesium and/or relevant magnesium-containing mineral, and can obtain from natural origin, for example mining, or by the acquisition of synthetic source, the chemical substance that for example contains silicon, magnesium and aluminium is mixed.Described adhesive also is material polymerization or oligomerization usually, and it can keep particulate magnesium mineral in block structure.This makes scavenging material or to be pressed into any desirable shape by moulding, for example, be suitable for introducing the shape in the filter shell, this shell provides the inflow and the outflow of fluid, and this filter has one or more chambers, is used for fluid and contacts with scavenging material.Such device forms another embodiment of the invention.Except maintenance magnesium mineral particle was fixed in the single block, polymer adhesive also provided the physical characteristic of hope for filtering material, for example make it have rigidity or flexibility, depends on the kind and the consumption of used polymer adhesive.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to be used for the scavenging material of fluid, it is plate or form of film, contains microgranular magnesium-containing mineral and uses adhesive.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to be used for the scavenging material of fluid, it is block, plate or form of film, contains microgranular magnesium-containing mineral and also fixes with the pressurization technology of using the fluid swollen material.
The invention still further relates to by making fluid contact the method for filtering fluid with scavenging material of the present invention, described fluid such as water, the aqueous solution and gas are to remove one or more microorganisms of major part that wherein contain.In a particular aspects of this embodiment of the present invention, this contact occurs in the said apparatus, and unfiltered fluid flows through inlet, contact with scavenging material in one or more chambers, and the fluid after filtering flows out described chamber by outlet.
Scavenging material of the present invention can be used for purifying drinking water, be used for purifying the used water of entertainment purposes, as swimming pool, hot water bathtub and hot spring, be used for the process for purifying water, used water in the cooling tower for example, purified aqueous solution, include but not limited to fermentation broth and cell culture fluid (for example be used for fermenting or solution that other cell cultivation process circulates) and used aqueous fluid in surgical procedure, be used for circulation and utilization again, and Purge gas and admixture of gas, as breathable air, for example be used to the used air of hospital or industrial clean rooms ventilation, be used in the air in the diving equipment, the perhaps air that in for example airborne vehicle or spacecraft, circulates, and be used for spraying, purge or from surperficial container or utensil, remove the gas of volatility or particle matter.Scavenging material of the present invention has the attendant advantages of utilizing the magnesium mineral material that obtains easily, comprises those that obtain from natural resources, and still keeps high purification efficiency.
In another embodiment of the invention, material of the present invention, promptly in adhesive stroma and be shaped as the magnesium-containing mineral of block or plate and other optional sorbing material, can be as used microorganism mounting medium in the biotechnology purposes, as cultivating in the purposes at sweat and cell.In the present embodiment, bioprocess technology fluid such as culture medium, culture medium solution etc., by immobilization material of the present invention, its pass-through mode makes fluid contact with the microorganism of wherein fixing, and removes effluent and further processing as required from material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of an explanation particular of the present invention, and promptly according to the water filtration shell that contains the block filter of the present invention, described block filter is introduced magnesium-containing mineral and granular active carbon (GAC) in adhesive stroma.
Fig. 2 a and 2b are the schematic diagrames of a particular of the present invention, promptly contain the filtering material of magnesium-containing mineral and adhesive stroma with the form of film or plate.
Invention Xiang states
As mentioned above, one embodiment of the invention relate to the scavenging material of block filter Xing formula, contain the graininess magnesium-containing mineral Zhong its Zai Nian mixture, and the Nian mixture is polymeric material normally. Aspect the Yi of Zai the present embodiment is specific, the present invention relates to the rigid block movement filter, contain the biological Yi of graininess magnesium mineral and magnalium Yan and graininess active carbon (GAC) or bone black or the attached Xing of other Xi filter medium Zhong this filter Zai Nian mixture material, described Nian mixture material is thermoplastic for example, make the biological Yi of described magnesium-containing mineral and Yan and GAC be fixed in Nian mixture matrix, and make Zai water treatment process Zhong can not produce mobile passage. Scavenging material of the present invention can be by extruding, molding such as Zhu moulds or by Ya method processed, produce. Xian Weiization also can carry out the Xi Xian Wei of Zhi for the mixture of Nian mixture polymer and magnesium mineral by Yong, and then it can be shaped as plate, film or block. It can any Xing Zhuan of Yi and size production and can be rigidity or pliable and tough. The pressurization technology also of Yong fluid swollen material can carry out the mixture of Zhi for Nian mixture and magnesium mineral by Yong, and then it can become plate, film or block by Xing. It can any Xing Zhuan of Yong or size production, and can be rigidity or flexible.
The pore size Ying Xiang fluid of filter block is by the flowing velocity of filter, and is that Yin enters to the function of the granule size of filter block Zhong. Term used herein " block " does not represent any specific geometry, and refers to that described material is not plate or film. The non-limiting example Yi Yu Yong of " block " of this term of Zuo Wei comprises pipe, ring Yi and more conventional geometry solid. The material that is shaped as the pliability block is particularly suitable for use in pipe or the pipeline Zhong of Zuo Wei fluid filter media.
The Xi Wang feature Zhi Yi of scavenging material of the present invention is the Xing Zhuan that it can Xing becomes any Xi Wang, Yin this, can process easily and use. For example, scavenging material can be shaped as Zheng body or the block that adapts to filter medium tradition shell, and perhaps it can partly provide purification by the Yi of moulding take Zuo as portable or individual filtration system. In addition, described material can become some different pieces by Xing, and water Yi serial or parallel connection Xing formula flows through Zhe Xie piece. Also can Xing becomes plate or the film of scavenging material. The rigidity of scavenging material, the Wu opinion is block Xing formula or plate/film-shaped formula, can enter the pliability polymer by Zai Nian mixture material Zhong Yin and change.
Although Xi Wang is not bound by any theory, can think that scavenging material Zai of the present invention removes microbial process Zhong and realizes that its very high Xiao leads from fluid, part is the fixing of You Yu magnesium mineral particle Zai Nian mixture Zhong, with flow cross scavenging material must be through Yan long and winding raod footpath, rather than Xiang Zai Xian You magnesium-containing mineral scavenging material Zhong occur Xing become passage by scavenging material. This path guarantees most of surface area of fluid contact magnesium mineral particle, and it prevents that fluid from passing through the lasting laminar flow of filtering material. Should after Yi Zhong as Yong be believed to be helpful in prevent from containing the Wei biofluid thin layer not Yu filter Zhong the magnesium mineral particle continue to contact. After the Zai scavenging material used a period of time, the additional filtration that You Yu Zu plug produces will occur, because Wei Xi attached material, being gathered in Zhong the hole of scavenging material.
Those people that are familiar with fluid filtration technology will be understood that,, for different Yong ways, can control hole size and the physical size of scavenging material, and the variation of Zhe Xie variable will change the level of flow, back pressure, Yi and chemistry and microorgranic contaminant removal. Similarly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that, the percentage that every Zu of scavenging material divides changes some changeability that practicality will be provided. For example, the percentage that improves scavenging material Zhong magnesium-containing mineral will produce Yong Yu chemistry and the large material of the interactional positional number amount of biological substance Zeng, and the percentage of the large Nian mixture of Zeng will produce material Zhi and mechanical property more near the scavenging material of Nian mixture material and Xiang mutual effect Wei Zhi minimizing.
Zai Yi of the present invention particular implementation scheme Zhong, magnesium mineral used is magnesium silicate Xing formula, and the amount of the about Xiang of GAC material Yi etc. exists, the percentage of Nian mixture material remains to Zui Xiao Zhi. But Zhong of the present invention magnesium mineral used can obtain by/industrial source natural or synthetic from other, and the mixture of different Yan biologies can provide the difference of scavenging material Zhi. For example, if use water Zuo to as fluid, Xiang filters block Zhong and adds sodium can improve the na concn of effluent water Zhong. When Zai for example purified Ying water Yi and keeps the water hardness level of Xi Wang wherein, Zhe may be You Yong. The sodium of filtering material Zhong can obtain in the following manner: Yin enters to contain the sodium magnesium mineral, Yin enters sodium salt and compound or Zai and contains sodium solution Zhong by regulating scavenging material.
Similarly, along with by the different versions of Yong and different high preferred orientation, coming Zeng to add Nian co-bit Zhi, in conjunction with also, can the adding by Zeng of metal ion, radio isotope and Wei biology. Usually, being exposed to the Zhuan that higher Wen degree Yun Xu carries out between Zhi crystal and Wu setting Xing formula becomes. Usually, Zai building-up process Zhong is exposed to metal Yun Xu and carries out the replacement of crystal and Wu setting Xing formula Zhong Yi Xie magnesium ion.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that, the how different versions of Xu comprise crystal or Wu setting grid for magnesium mineral, magnesium-aluminium mineral Yi and for Zhong of the present invention other sorbent material used, are possible, and Zhe Xie changes aspect the Xing Zhi of Zai gained scavenging material will produce difference, because improving Wei some structural texture and the Yi Xiang mutual effect Yu chemical substance, Wei biology Yi and other biomaterial processed. Qualitative Zhe Xie difference is biological and other biomaterial from interactional difference between Zhi different Zheng anions that crystal structure Zhong comprises from Wei.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that different chemistry and biological respinse may occur when Zhe Xie material is placed on fluid such as water Zhong, Zhe becomes change Zu. Zuo is example, and Yangization magnesium can produce magnesium hydroxide Yu the Xiang of water and Yan mutual effect.
In another embodiment of the invention, the structure scavenging material is to sustain sterilization.Sterilization process comprises thermal process, as wet sterilization or other process, wherein scavenging material is exposed to the temperature or the pressure of rising or is exposed to the two simultaneously and the opposing heating, radio sterilization, wherein scavenging material is exposed to higher radiation level, comprise and use ultraviolet ray, infrared ray, microwave and ionization radiation, and chemical sterilization, wherein scavenging material is exposed to oxidant or reducing agent or other chemical substance of high level, and chemical sterilization is used such as halogen, reactive oxygen species, aldehyde, surfactant, metal and gas such as oxirane, methyl bromide, the chemical substance of beta-propiolactone and expoxy propane is carried out.
In addition, can realize sterilization by direct oxidation or reduction, perhaps realize sterilization indirectly by electrochemistry generation oxidisability or reducing substances with electrochemical method with the microorganism component.On the basis of routine, the combination of these methods also can be used.It is also understood that and to use sterilization process and described scavenging material to be in the application based on continuous or discrete basis.
In general, the present invention includes the apparatus and method of a kind of filtration and bodies for purifying fluids, described fluid is the aqueous solution or water particularly, so that remove organic and inorganic elements and compound that the microparticle material form exists in water.Especially, described apparatus and method can be used for removing chemistry and microorgranic contaminant from the water that is used for people or other animal consumption or other purposes or other fluid or gas, comprise bacterium and virus and component thereof.Method and apparatus of the present invention is used in particular for these purposes, be that the present invention may make the microbial contamination substrate concentration reduce to satisfy the EPA standard of microorganism water purification installation, and surpass to introduce other the known filtration of the granular adsorption medium that contains magnesium mineral and the effect of purifier, described magnesium mineral comprises those that obtain from magnesium silicate or magnesium-aluminosilicate.In a particular of the present invention, scavenging material is the porous blocks that forms by graininess or microgranular magnesium mineral, described magnesium mineral is defined as in this article and comprises the hereinafter phosphate of the oxide of the silicate of the silicate of magnesium, magnalium, magnesium and magnesium and other the optional absorbability particle shape material in greater detail that remains in the polymeric binder matrix, as granular active carbon (GAC).With the corresponding method of this particular in, when the hydraulic pressure on the inflow side of utilize filtering block or when utilizing vacuum on the outflow side to force water to pass through porous blocks, from water, remove chemistry and microorgranic contaminant.
In one embodiment of the invention, wherein scavenging material is made up of the mixture of magnesium mineral and absorbent, particulate filter medium such as GAC, and such component can be distributed in the whole block with random fashion.Can also form the scavenging material of the layer that has different gradients on the space or separate.For example, magnesium mineral and GAC granule can use solid binder matrix to be fixed in separately the layer, described solid binder matrix is polymeric thermoplastic materials for example, as polyethylene etc., make the mobile quilt of magnesium mineral and GAC particle hinder and prevent that fluid from passing through channelling effect harmful in the block course of conveying.If described component is present in the position of separation, fluid flows in succession by these positions.In one particular embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion magnesium mineral of existence derives from the silicate of magnesium, the silicate of magnalium, the oxide of magnesium, phosphate of magnesium and composition thereof.Suitable mineral example be called magnesium silicate and sell by R.T.VanderbiltCompany those and be called those of magnesia and magnesium hydroxide by what Martin Marietta Specialty Chemical sold.Described material can be ground to the particle size of hope, for example 80-325 order or littler.The canonical analysis of these materials shows, has 50% or more and 99% or more magnesium silicate, magnesia and magnesium hydroxide respectively.The element adhesion characteristic of these materials is reported by the manufacturer of these raw materials.The organic molecule adhesive power is also reported by the manufacturer of these raw materials.
In the present embodiment, magnesium-containing mineral (magnesium silicate, Magnesiumaluminumsilicate, magnesia, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium phosphate etc.) and GAC mix with about equivalent minimum adhesive material necessary with constituting whole scavenging material.But the concentration of magnesium mineral, GAC and adhesive obviously is variable, and the material with these materials of variable concentrations can utilize with similar mode and need not those skilled in the art's any unnecessary experiment.But when GAC or bone black (containing apatite) during as additional sorbent material, its concentration in mixture is usually less than 50 weight %, by the composition weight meter before any drying or the compacting usually.In addition, the adsorbent except GAC can replace the GAC in the multicomponent mixture fully, perhaps mixes with GAC.The example of these adsorbents comprises various ions binding materials, as synthetic ion-exchange resin, zeolite (synthetic or natural producing), diatomite, bone black and apatite mineral, calcium silicate material and one or more other phosphoric acid salt materials, as the mineral of phosphoric acid salt, particularly wherein contain the mineral of magnesium and silicate.
Especially, silicates mineral and magnesium-containing mineral are particularly suitable for the present invention.These materials can also contain iron, aluminium and calcium.These materials can be calcined and process in many ways, to obtain the mixture of various compositions.
Magnesium-containing mineral is found in hydroxide and the oxide material and comprises magnesia and magnesium hydroxide.Magnesia be known as periclase and industrial be important.Shepardite is important magnesium-containing mineral, and it is found and many magnesium-containing minerals such as the mineral association of serpentine family.Serpentine family comprises antigorite, oblique choysotile, lizardite, ortho-chrysotile and secondary choysotile.Talcs is similar to shepardite, because find it and many different minerals associations.It is the common form of magnesium silicate and is particularly suitable for the present invention.
The mineral that contain phosphate and magnesium are particularly suitable for the present invention.Other element of the common association of these mineral such as calcium, iron and aluminium, and belong to apatite and phosphoric acid salt mineral.
The mineral that contain silicate and magnesium are a lot, and generation is particularly suitable for predetermined substance of the present invention.For example, the general formula of mica is AB 2-3(Al, Si) Si 3O 10(F, OH) 2In most of micas, A is potassium K normally, but can be calcium Ca or sodium Na or barium Ba or be some other element in rarer mica.B in most of micas can be aluminium Al and/or lithium Li and/or iron Fe and/or magnesium Mg.There are many members in mica family.The example of common mica mineral includes but not limited to biotite, avalite, lepidolite, muscovite, phlogopite and zinnwaldite.
Garnet also is the example that can be used for mineral of the present invention.Garnet general formula is A 3B 2(SiO 4) 3A represents divalent metal such as calcium, iron, magnesium and manganese.B represents other element of finding among the more uncommon member in trivalent metal such as aluminium, chromium, iron and this family.Garnet is big nation's mineral, and the example includes but not limited to almandine, andradite, grossularite, pyrope, spessartine and trautwinite.
Montmorillonite/montmorillonite family comprises it mainly being the different pyrophyllite of chemical content, talcum, vermiculite, sauconite, saponite, nontronite and montmorillonite by some mineral compositions.General formula be (Ca, Na, H) (Al, Mg, Fe, Zn) 2(Si, Al) 4O 10(OH) 2-xH 2O, wherein, but the variable water volume that on behalf of the member of this family, x can contain.
Chlorite is the big and common mineral of gang, and can be with in the present invention.General formula is X 4-6Y 4O 10(OH, O) 8X represents any of aluminium, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, zinc or rarely found chromium.Y represents aluminium, silicon, boron or iron, but great majority are aluminium and silicon.Example include but not limited to pictoamesite (Mg, Fe) 4Al 4Si 2O 10(OH) 8, Baileychlore (Zn, Fe + 2, Al, Mg) 6(Al, Si) 4O 10(O, OH) 8, chamosite (Fe, Mg) 3Fe 3AlSi 3O 10(OH) 8, clinochlore (chrome clinochlore) (Fe, Mg) 3Fe 3AlSi 3O 10(OH) 8, cookeite LiAl 5Si 3O 10(OH) 8, corundophilite (Mg, Fe, Al) 6(Al, Si) 4O 10(OH) 8, daphnite (Fe, Mg) 3(Fe, Al) 3(Al, Si) 4O 10(OH) 8, erualite (Mg, Fe + 2, Fe + 3, Al) 6(Al, Si) 4O 10(O, OH) 8, gonyerite (Mn, Mg) 5(Fe + 3) 2Si 3O 10(OH) 8, nepouite (Ni, Mg, Fe, Al) 6AlSi 3O 10(OH) 8, odinite (Al, Fe + 2, Fe + 3, Mg) 5(Al, Si) 4O 10(O, OH) 8, orthochamosite (Fe + 2, Mg, Fe + 3) 5Al 2Si 3O 10(O, OH) 8, pouzacite (Mg, Fe, Al) 6(Al, Si) 4O 10(OH) 8, Pannantite (Mn, Al) 6(Al, Si) 4O 10(OH) 8, Rhipidolite (ogcoite) (Mg, Fe, Al) 6(Al, Si) 4O 10(OH) 8, mackensite (Mg, Fe, Al) 4-5(Al, Si) 4O 10(OH) 8, leptochlorite (Fe + 2, Fe + 3, Mg) 6(Al, Si) 4O 10(O, OH) 8
Other typical mineral comprises Yi Xia mineral: periclase MgO; IMA98.065 Mg9[Si 4O 16](OH) 2 Shepardite Mg (OH)2 Sellaite MgF2 Grain boromagnesite Mg3B 2O 6 Norbergite Mg3(SiO 4)(F，OH) 2 Forsterite Mg2SiO 4 The brilliant Gan Lan stone Mg of point2SiO 4； IMA96.034 Mg 7(PO 4) 2(OH) 8 Suanite Mg2B 2O 5 Wei boromagnesite Mg5 (BO3) O (OH) 52 (H2O); Pokrovskite Mg2 (CO3) is 20.5 (H2O) (OH); Fluoborte Mg3 (BO3) (F, OH) 3; Six side Qiang wagnerite Mg12 (PO3OH, CO3) are 5 (OH, O) 6 (PO4); Titanclinohumite Mg8A working device with two or more operating means, or two or more working devices work with two or more loading Position, with his back or two located in one place; two or more of the functions of the carrier device, the convertible-type operating means, pressure road device or a There fork material features work devices and other work equipment; mining equipment and non-arms-loading device usually working device, loading device with non- Usually two folding arm digging device working 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work equipment, or non-mining Operation of the device means and non-push operation of the device means an object located in one place; two or more devices ahead of the central work, behind the middle, Central head left, middle right head, left head right cephalic, left right side, left right or left side of his back located at a right; work device side right, side Position, being right, staggered or located in a side by side; two or more working device, tap the device and push things usually means non-working device, push Physical devices and non-folding arm is usually two working device excavation equipment, excavation equipment, push things working device with other devices, or non-mining And non-working device device device push things a working device, consists in a previous; rotary working device can work with other device side right, side Position, is on, staggered, side, bottom, front, curved, semi-circular, ring, one, in the same direction, forward, backward, sideways, 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Non-mid single structure outside the single common inner telescopic boom sheave lifting gear, or two or more of the functions of the carrier device, and other workers As means; working device operating in a front part of some non-working unit operating in two or more parts, and the outer or upper and outer, Working device utilizes a rotatable object or on it, or in a turntable turntable working device, a rotary device is greater than 170 degrees Or greater than 170 degrees in the work on the rotary device device device can work with non-rotary type loading arms are usually the work of the working device installed Home, or less than 180 degrees can be rotated 180 degrees or rotary working device or mobile device or in a rotary rotary device mounted on the work Set with non-arms-loading device usually work device can be one or more after the first two, the one before or after the two former, after the first two or two later, after two Two or more before before before or after more than a shelving type work device can be 90 degrees or less than 90 degrees side shelving type work devices and non-arms-loading is usually Operation of the device apparatus, a switchable working device, carrier device with two or more operating means or not a single structure or a crane Device working device, shipping device, cleaning device and loading devices or other work equipment, mining equipment and non-arms-loading device usually Working device, loading device with non-normally two folding arm digging device working device, swivel, flip, folding, mobile Type, telescopic, tilt, swing or a hybrid or mixed use at least one of the above-loading device and tap the device can be after the turn style, Posterior oblique rotary, folding rear, rear shelving, rear inclined shelving type, manipulate part or side shelving type, tilt, swing, more than 180 degrees Rotary or telescopic boom, arm or non-hybrid usually two folding arm and digging and loading device, swivel, flip-style, folding , Mobile, telescopic, tilt, swing or a hybrid or use at least one of the above hybrid push things with non-working device device Loading device or the working device, to flip type, after folding, mobile, inclined type, swing type or a mixture of the above type, or at least a Species hybrid working device and another working device, or on the chassis side shelving shelving type or hybrid type comprising at least one of the above mixture using Hold type work device and the other working device, two or more may be the chassis, or a combination shelving side comprises using at least one of the above formula The hybrid-type operating means, or hold the work with other devices provided in the power portion with the side or on or in the hollow space or on the object under Working devices work with other devices, two rotating means provided in the working device or the operation of the device with two rotating devices and other work Equipment, excavation equipment, loading equipment and other work equipment, non-two folding arm digging device and other work equipment, non-excavation equipment Working devices with non-loading device working device, tap the device and push things usually means non-working device, push things usually two devices and non- Folding arm and digging work equipment, excavation equipment, devices and other push things working device, tap the device non-working devices with non-push things Device working device, two functions, features or have more than two dredging, openings, trenching, dig, catch, clip, holding, kneading, pry, drill, Push, picking, scraping, scratching, cutting, cutting, cutting, sawing, cutting, planing, grinding, flat, loose, plow, fork, hook, pliers, scissors, crushing, impact, since Cranes, aerial work, twisted, dragging, pulling, sweeping, blowing, suction, pumping, spray, sprinkle, screen, shot, rammed, hit, hit, beat, squeezing, rolling, grinding, pressing, Compression, collecting, loading, shipping, handling, unloading, side discharge, two-way side dump, plug stand, plant transplantation, material crushing, particle filter, milling, Paving, painting, vibration or stirring device and other features work working device or shovel or digging function having a working device, two or more Working device, a working device with two or more operating means, or two or more working means and two or more Working device, in the same direction, different to the same location, ectopic, vertical, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, mixed to the front and back, left and right, inside and outside, up and down Or located in a mixed position; work more than two devices, the working device utilizes swivel, flip, folding, portable, retractable Type, tilting the object or at least two or more of these hybrid objects or on it, lifting devices and non-upper mid-single-type junction Constitutive single arm aerial work means work equipment, devices and non-air operations center within a single structure outside the single section telescopic boom sheave hoisting utilities Device working device, air operations unit, lifting devices and other work equipment, or non-lifting devices and non-working devices aerial work Operation of the device means, provided in an integrated; working device "Y", "V" or "Ah" type located in one place; working device arcuate, semi-circular, Ring, around, inside and outside, backward, diagonally, laterally, or to set up in a mixed; two non-working device up and down in the same direction in a set; two One or more non-working device provided at the ends of the extraordinary one; two or more devices ahead of the central work, behind the middle, middle Head left, middle right head, left head right cephalic, left right side, left right left right or located in a; two or more devices before, during, after work, On the left, right or middle consists in a; Or working device located in a hybrid. ...
In addition, the mineral of exploiting and packing for the Federal Specification of the consumer products that satisfy the mineral comprise ((Mg, Al) 2Si4O10 (OH) 2), Mg3Si4O10 (OH) 2) are typical.
In addition, can use the polymeric material that is used for ions binding to comprise the resins derived therefrom and the methacrylate of styrene and divinylbenzene.Derivative comprises the functionalized polymeric with anion binding site, and they are based on quaternary amine, primary amine and secondary amine, aminopropyl, diethylamino ethyl and diethylamino propyl group substituting group.The derivative that comprises the cation binding site comprises with sulfonic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, propyl sulfonic acid, phosphonic acids and/or the functionalized polymer of carboxylic moiety.Natural or synthetic zeolite also can use or comprise as the ions binding material, for example comprises the natural aluminosilicate of producing, as clinoptilolite and calcium silicates such as wollastonite.The suitable bonding material comprises any polymeric material that can flock together granular materials and keep this gathering under service condition.Their common consumptions are the about 99.9 weight % of about 10 weight %-, are more particularly the about 50 weight % of about 15 weight %-, by the gross weight of scavenging material.
The suitable polymers material comprises natural that produce and synthetic polymer, and the synthesis modification of the natural polymer of producing.Polymeric adhesive material generally comprises one or more thermosettings, thermoplasticity, elastomer or its combination, and this depends on the hope mechanical property of gained scavenging material.
In general, between about 50 ℃-Yue 500 ℃, more especially between about 75 ℃-Yue 350 ℃, in addition more especially between about 80 ℃-Yue 200 ℃ the polymer of fusing be to be used for suitable polymers of the present invention.For example, at the polyolefin of about 85 ℃-Yue 180 ℃ of fusings, be specially suitable at the polyamide of about 200 ℃-Yue 300 ℃ of fusings with at the fluorinated polymer of about 300 ℃-Yue 400 ℃ of fusings.Be applicable to that adhesive examples of types of the present invention includes but not limited to thermoplastic, polyethylene glycol or derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and PLA.Suitable thermoplastic includes but not limited to nylon and other polyamide; Polyethylene comprises LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE; With with other polyolefinic polyethylene and ethylene copolymers; Polyvinyl chloride (comprising plasticising and unplasticizied); Fluorocarbon such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Polystyrene; Polypropylene; Celluosic resin such as cellulose acetate butyrate; Acrylic resin such as polyacrylate and polymethacrylates; Thermoplastic blend or graft such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or acrylonitrile-styrene, Merlon, polyvinyl acetate, vinylacetic acid ethyl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde, polyacetals, polyester such as PET; Polyether-ether-ketone; With phenolic resins such as phenol-formaldehyde A and novolaks.It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that other thermoplastic polymer can be in a similar manner with in the present invention.
As or be incorporated into that the suitable thermosetting polymer of adhesive therefor includes but not limited to polyurethane, siloxanes, fluorosilicone, phenolic resins, melmac, melamino-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde among the present invention.The suitable elastomer that is used as or introduces adhesive therefor among the present invention includes but not limited to natural and/or synthetic rubber, as SBR styrene butadiene rubbers, neoprene, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, siloxanes, polyurethane, alkylating chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyolefin, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, Perfluoroelastomer, polychloroprene (neoprene), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, haloflex, VITON (fluorubber) and ZALAK (Dupont-Dow elastomer).
It will be recognized by those skilled in the art, in the thermoplastic listed above some also may be heat cured, this depends on the degree of cross linking, and some of them may be elastomers, this depends on their mechanical property, more than used specific classification be in order to understand conveniently, not will be understood that it is restrictive.Be applicable to that natural producing of the present invention produce polymer with synthesis modification natural and include but not limited to natural and cellulose such as cotton, collagen and organic acid synthesis modification.Be applicable to that biodegradable polymers of the present invention includes but not limited to the lactide glycolide of polyethylene glycol, PLA, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymerization etc.
The material adhesive also can be selected from the material of those types of swelling by absorption of fluids.These materials comprise crosslinked polymer, as synthetic polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide and natural organic polymer of producing such as the cellulose of producing.The mineral of swelling comprise bentonite and derivative thereof by absorption of fluids.These swellable materials by the pressurization technology in conjunction with magnesium-containing mineral particle or fiber.
In the specific embodiments of filtering material that can sterilization, derive from the magnesium-containing mineral that contains magnesium silicate, magnesia, magnesium hydroxide or magnesium phosphate and exist by about equivalent with GAC or bone black material, it is minimum that the percentage of adhesive material keeps.Used adhesive must be stable to temperature, pressure, electrochemistry, radioactivity and the electrochemical conditions that exists in the sterilization process.The examples of adhesives that is suitable for comprising the method for disinfection that is exposed to high temperature (pressing as wet sterilization or steaming) comprises celluloid, polyether sulfone, nylon, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (TEFLON ) and mixed cellulose ester.When preparing binder polymer according to known method, the scavenging material for preparing with these adhesives can steam pressure.Wish ground, scavenging material is to steam sterilization or to steam pressure and chemical sterilization or contact with oxidisability or reducing substances be stable because this combination of sterilisation step be particularly suitable for scavenging material efficiently and effective regeneration.In addition, can make salt, acid and/or caustic solution introduce the sterilization and the regeneration of the device of magnesium-containing mineral material by filter.
In embodiments of the invention, wherein sterilization is carried out to the electrochemical regeneration of small part by oxidisability or reducing substances, and the required electromotive force of the described material of regenerating can use scavenging material itself to obtain as one of electrode.For example, make that by conductive particle such as GAC, carbon black or the metallic particles of introducing enough high-loads the polymeric material of insulation has electric conductivity usually, can make the scavenging material that contains polymer adhesive have electric conductivity.In addition, can not make if the content of carbon or other particle is not high enough otherwise for the polymer of insulation has electric conductivity, the polymer that then can use intrinsic conduction is as adhesive or sneak in the adhesive.The example of suitable intrinsic conducting polymer comprises polyaniline, polythiophene and other known intrinsic conducting polymer of doping.These materials can be incorporated into enough amounts in the adhesive, to provide less than about 1k Ω, particularly less than the resistance of about 300 Ω.
Scavenging material of the present invention needs not to be block form, but can form plate or film.In a specific embodiments, this plate or film can be arranged in the braiding or non-mesh grid of polymer for example.The polymer that is used for forming braiding or non-mesh grid can be any thermoplasticity or the thermosetting resin that is commonly used to form fabric.Polyolefin such as polypropylene and polyethylene are particularly suitable for this on the one hand.
The efficient of scavenging material and to use it to reduce the method for microorganism and chemical pollutant and the fluid flow by this material be the function of block inner pore size and incoming fluid pressure.Under constant fluid pressure, flow is the function of pore-size, and the pore-size in the block can be regulated by the size of control magnesium mineral and GAC particle.For example, the bulky grain size provides finer and close, more not unimpeded scavenging material, and it causes flowing velocity faster, and low particle size provides finer and close, more not smooth scavenging material, and it causes slower flowing velocity.With the big granuloplastic block 17 of magnesium mineral than having littler surface area and interaction position still less with less granuloplastic block.Therefore, oarse-grained scavenging material must have thicker size, to realize the identical removal of microorgranic contaminant.Because these factors can be controlled in manufacture process, so scavenging material can be next customized by changing pore-size, block volume, block external surface area and geometry, to satisfy different application standards.Average pore size in specific embodiments keeps below several microns, more particularly is lower than 1 micron, in case cyst passes through.Should be noted that pore-size described herein is not meant the hole in magnesium mineral or other adsorbent or absorbent particles itself, and be meant when particle with the adhesive formed hole that flocks together.
The present invention the most general aspect, the method for preparing material of the present invention relates to and is allowing at least a portion adhesive to exist with liquid form and allowing under the pressure and temperature condition of particulate compacting, combination particulate magnesium-containing mineral (with optional additional particulate adsorbent material) and adhesive material are solidificated in around the particle and/or adhesive therebetween then.The precise nature of production process is somewhat dependent upon the character of adhesive material.
For example,, can or spray by dipping it is contacted with particle if adhesive material provides with liquid solution, suspended substance or emulsion (for example in volatile solvent) form, and the wet granular compacting in model.The optional heat model is to evaporate the solvent of any necessity.The moulding material of gained is dry then, to form scavenging material of the present invention.
On the other hand, if adhesive is a fluoropolymer resin, it mixes with absorbing material granules with the granule form usually, and desirable shape is extruded or be molded as to the mixture heating of gained also.Suitable microdot/adhesive extrusion method and equipment are disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 5,189,092; In 5,249,948 and 5,331,037.Also can use other extrusion equipment and method.And described mixture can heat and injection moulding and without any need for extruding.In addition, adhesive, thermosets can produce by cross-linking process, the physical parameter introducing initiation that described cross-linking process passes through chemical method, electrochemical method, irradiation and changes by temperature and pressure.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, describe the present invention and embodiment thereof about a specific embodiments now, this embodiment satisfies the EPA requirement of microbe filter.Fig. 1 explanation contains a typical specific embodiments of the filter of scavenging material of the present invention, and it introduces rigidity porous blocks filter.A movable housing 11 closely cooperates with lid 12, and lid 12 has inflow entrance 13 and flow export 14.Feed pipe 15 is connected to inflow entrance 13, so that send into untreated water in this device, drainpipe 16 is connected to flow export 14, so that draw treated water from this device.Make water feed shell 11.The pressure of current forces it to pass through porous blocks filter element 17, and filter element 17 forms hollow cylinder as shown in the figure, and has axis hole 18.Treated water feeds in the axis hole 18 that connects flow export 14 then.The representativeness that Fig. 1 is provided as a kind of possible structure illustrates.Should be appreciated that other structure that makes water pass through porous filtering block (it can have different geometries and/or different flowing properties) also considers within the scope of the present invention.Block 17 can be by any formation of many known methods, for example by extrude, compacting, molding, sintering, the pressurization of material swelling or other technology form.
Fig. 2 a and 2b represent two kinds of embodiments, wherein use scavenging material of the present invention with plate or form of film.Fig. 2 a represents to filter the scavenging material 1 that is used in combination with the common formula that flows through, and it is represented with arrow 2, the fluid that arrow 2 representatives are filtered by plate or film 1.Fig. 2 b represents to filter the scavenging material 1 that is used in combination with lateral flow.The fluid that flows through filter represents with double-headed arrow 3, and the fluid that flows through scavenging material 1 is represented with arrow 2.The surface of the inswept scavenging material of representing with arrow 31 of lateral flow fluid reduces the amount of the particle matter of deposition on it.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cylindrical filtration block 17 of shape shown in Figure 1 can prepare with following material compositions: about 42.5% magnesium silicate, derive from R.T.Vanderbilt Company, about 42.5%GAC, derive from KX Industries and about 15% thermoplastic adhesive materials, be selected from one or more of above-mentioned thermoplastic.
This material is extruded under the temperature of the homogeneous mixture that magnesium silicate, GAC and thermoplastic adhesives are provided then.The block 17 of cylindrical shape or annular is about 9.8 inches, about 2.5 inches of external diameter, and internal diameter (hole 18) is about 1.25 inches.This shape filter is installed in the standard water filter shell used in family and the commercial plant.About 300 Ω of the resistance of this filtering material.
Embodiment 2
Can be exposed to running water to the filter of embodiment 1 preparation it is estimated, this running water is used activated carbon filtration in advance, uses every liter 2.3 * 10 then 8The Escherichia coli of CFU, K.terrigena or similar species and every liter 1.0 * 10 7Spot (plaque) form the MS2 inoculation (seed) of unit.Postvaccinal water passed through the filter block 3 minutes with about 2 liters/minute flow, gathered 500ml then and flowed out the liquid sample.Use standard method to analyze Escherichia coli and virus.The result shows that bacterium obviously reduces.
Embodiment 3
The composite of preparation can be used for a soluble chloride material among the embodiment 1, as the hypochlorous acid of oxidation state, is reduced into the chloride material (as chloride) of ortho states.The chlorinity of about 2.0mg/L is reduced and is lower than the detectable limit that standard strip base is analyzed.
As mentioned above, material of the present invention is in the water field of purification, and is particularly very useful in the drink water purifying field.Because material of the present invention is removed the very high efficient of microorganism from water, it has satisfied the EPA index as microorganism water purifier material.Except being used as drinking water purifier, material of the present invention can also be used to purifying recreational water, as swimming pool, hot water bathtub and hot spring.
Because material of the present invention is effectively removed from the aqueous solution and fixation of microbe and other cell, so it has many purposes at medicine and medical domain.For example, material of the present invention can be used for separating blood, promptly blood component such as blood plasma is separated with haemocyte and is used for removing microorganism from other physiological fluids.
This material can also use in hospital or requirement have the industrial circle of high pure air of utmost point low microbial count, for example in the used toilet in intensive care unit, operating room, the immunoreactive patient treatment of inhibition, perhaps in the industrial clean rooms of making electronics and semiconductor equipment.
Material of the present invention has multiple use in fermentation application and cell cultivation, wherein it can be used for removing microorganism from aqueous fluid, as fermentation broth or process fluid, these fluids are more effectively utilized and circulate, for example there is not the cross pollution of microbial strains.It in addition,, this material can keep, so can need use the mounting medium of the technology of microorganism as enzyme and other because removing microorganism so effectively and in a single day just remove.At first force the seed solution that contains the microorganism that is hopeful by material of the present invention, culture medium solution is passed through, for example as the culture medium solution that contains protein or other material of enzyme culture medium.When these culture medium solutions when this material, wherein dissolving or the culture medium that suspends contact with the microorganism of being fixed, and the more important thing is, contact the reaction that it then can catalysis culture medium molecule with enzyme by those microorganisms.By using another kind of solution washing, product can flow out from this material.
Material of the present invention has many other industrial uses, for example filters water used in cooling system.Usually by tower, pond or other process equipment, wherein microorganism may contact with fluid cooling water, obtains nutrition and breeding.Growth of microorganism in water usually is enough vigorous, makes that process equipment is blocked or damages and need expensive chemical treatment.Removed microorganism before can fully breeding at them, the present invention helps to reduce health hazard relevant with cooling fluid and cost and the danger relevant with the chemical treatment program.
Similarly, breathable air usually circulates in transportation system, or in order to reduce cost (as commercial passenger plane) or because can only to obtain limited supply (as submarine and spacecraft).Removing microorganism effectively allows this air more safely to circulate.In addition, material of the present invention can be used for improving and wherein use the family of air circulation and regulating system or the IAQ in the office.
Scavenging material of the present invention can also be used to purifying the gas of other kind, as anesthetic gases used in surgery or dentistry (as nitrous oxide), in soda industry used gas (for example carbon dioxide), be used for the gas (for example nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon gas) of purging process equipment and/or remove degranulation etc. from the surface.
In each of these purposes, use the method for material of the present invention fairly simple, and should be conspicuous for the filtration art technical staff.Liquid to be filtered or gas are guided to the block that is usually placed in the material of the present invention in certain form shell or a side of plate simply, and, force it to pass through described material because the pressure on scavenging material falls.Then the liquid after purifying, filtering or gas from " cleaning " side carrying-off of filter, further handle or use.
Therefore, the present invention has been described with reference to its some specific embodiments, those skilled in the art it is evident that and can carry out the many changes and the modification of these embodiments that in essential scope of the present invention these modifications and variations all are included in the scope of claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (81)

1. scavenging material that is used for fluid, wherein, described material comprises insoluble magnesium-containing mineral and is used for its adhesive, and is porous blocks or plate form.
2. the scavenging material of claim 1, wherein, described material is the porous blocks form.
3. the scavenging material of claim 2, wherein said porous blocks is a rigidity.
4. the scavenging material of claim 1, wherein said material is the porous plate form.
5. the scavenging material of claim 4, wherein said porous plate is a rigidity.
6. the scavenging material of claim 4, wherein said porous plate is flexible.
7. the scavenging material of claim 1, wherein the described insoluble magnesium-containing mineral of at least a portion be particle, fibers form or its combination.
8. the scavenging material of claim 1, wherein the described insoluble magnesium-containing mineral of at least a portion gets self-contained magnesium phosphate, silicate, hydroxide and oxide or its combination.
9. the scavenging material of claim 1, wherein adhesive is a polymeric material.
10. the scavenging material of claim 1, wherein adhesive is the polymer of fusing between about 50 ℃-Yue 500 ℃.
11. the scavenging material of claim 10, wherein polymer is stable under sterilization conditions.
12. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein said adhesive are selected from thermoplastic, polyethylene glycol or derivatives thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and PLA.
13. the scavenging material of claim 12, wherein said thermoplastic is selected from nylon, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, fluorocarbon resin, polystyrene, polypropylene, celluosic resin and acrylic resin.
14. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein polymeric material comprises the natural polymer of producing.
15. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein polymeric material comprises electric conductive polymer.
16. the scavenging material of claim 14, the wherein natural polymer of producing are selected from natural and the cellulose artificial modification, collagen and organic acid.
17. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein polymeric material comprises biodegradable polymer.
18. the scavenging material of claim 17, wherein biodegradable polymer are polyethylene glycol, PLA, polyvinyl alcohol or copolymerization lactide glycolide.
19. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein said adhesive is selected from gelation or absorbent polymer.
20. the scavenging material of claim 19, wherein said adhesive is selected from the hypersorption agent.
21. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein said adhesive is selected from the combination of PLA, polyacrylamide or its polymer.
22. the composite purification material of claim 9, wherein said hypersorption agent comprise the material that is selected from polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyalcohol, polyamine, PEO, cellulose, chitin, gelatin, starch, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginic acid, the carrageenan that separates, polysaccharide, pectin, xanthans, poly--(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly--vinylpyridine, poly--the vinyl benzyl leptodactyline, polyvinyl acetate and PLA or its combination from marine alga.
23. the composite purification material of claim 9, wherein the hypersorption agent comprises the material of the resin that is selected from the resin that obtains by polymeric acrylic acid and is obtained by the polypropylene acid amides.
24. the composite purification material of claim 19, wherein polymeric material comprises the natural polymer of producing, cellulose, alginic acid, the carrageenan that separates, polysaccharide, pectin, xanthans, starch and combination thereof from marine alga.
25. the composite purification material of claim 19, wherein the hypersorption agent material comprises a kind of surface of ion live-wire.
26. the composite purification material of claim 25, wherein the hypersorption agent material comprises the ion live-wire surface that accounts for material surface 1-100%.
27. the composite purification material of claim 24, the wherein natural polymer of producing are selected from natural and the cellulose artificial modification, collagen and organic acid.
28. the composite purification material of claim 19, wherein the hypersorption agent material comprises biodegradable polymers.
29. the composite purification material of claim 19, wherein the hypersorption agent material comprises clay or aluminosilicate material.
30. the composite purification material of claim 29, wherein the hypersorption agent comprises bentonite.
31. the composite purification material of claim 28, the wherein natural polymer of producing are biodegradable polymers or its combinations that is selected from polyethylene glycol, PLA, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymerization lactide glycolide, cellulose, alginic acid, the carrageenan that separates, polysaccharide, pectin, xanthans, starch from marine alga.
32. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein scavenging material be the plate form and be arranged in the mesh grid.
33. the scavenging material of claim 9, wherein scavenging material be the plate form and be arranged in the non-mesh grid.
34. the scavenging material of claim 1, wherein adhesive consumption is about 10 weight %-99.9 weight % of scavenging material gross weight.
35. the scavenging material of claim 1, it also comprises one or more additional sorptive materials that are different from insoluble magnesium-containing mineral.
36. the scavenging material of claim 35, wherein said additional sorptive material comprise granular active carbon or magnesium contained phosphorite or do not contain magnesium silicate not.
37. the scavenging material of claim 36, wherein said sorptive material comprise the not magnesium contained phosphorite of bone black form.
38. the scavenging material of claim 36, wherein said sorptive material comprise the not magnesium contained phosphorite of aluminium oxide form.
39. what the scavenging material of claim 36, wherein said sorptive material comprised the calcium silicates form does not contain magnesium silicate.
40. the scavenging material of claim 36, wherein said magnesium-containing mineral and described granular active carbon or apatite exist with the amount that approximately equates.
41. the scavenging material of claim 40, wherein said insoluble magnesium-containing mineral and described granular active carbon amount separately are about 42.5 weight %, the amount of described adhesive is about 15 weight %, by the gross weight of described scavenging material.
42. the scavenging material of claim 41, wherein said insoluble magnesium-containing mineral and described not magnesium contained phosphorite consumption separately are about 42.5 weight %, and described adhesive consumption is about 15 weight %, by the gross weight of described scavenging material.
43. the scavenging material of claim 35, wherein said additional sorptive material comprises the ions binding material, and described ions binding material is selected from synthetic ion-exchange resin, zeolite and phosphate mineral.
44. the scavenging material of claim 43, wherein phosphate mineral is the member of phosphoric acid salt mineral.
45. the scavenging material of claim 43, wherein phosphate mineral is the member of aluminum silicate mineral.
46. the scavenging material of claim 43, wherein synthetic ion-exchange resin is functionalized styrene, vinyl chloride, divinylbenzene, methacrylate, acrylate and composition thereof, copolymer and blend.
47. the scavenging material of claim 43, wherein natural or synthetic zeolite be called clinoptilolite contain the silicate mineral.
48. the scavenging material of claim 1, it also is included in water or there are one or more materials that carry out oxidation or reduction reaction down in aqueous fluid.
49. the device of a filtering microorganism pollutant from water or aqueous fluid, it comprises:
Shell;
The porous blocks of the scavenging material of claim 1.
50. device according to claim 49, wherein shell comprises import, outlet and the contact chamber between the two, and wherein said rigidity porous blocks is arranged in the described contact chamber, makes fluid to flow into this shell from import, by porous blocks, can flow out this shell by outlet then.
51. one kind is filtered fluid from wherein removing any method of microorganism, comprise the scavenging material that makes fluid flow through claim 1, thereby the fluid after obtaining to filter.
52. the method for claim 51, wherein said fluid is a water.
53. the method for claim 52, the water after wherein filtering is drinkable.
54. the method for claim 51, wherein said fluid is the aqueous solution.
55. the method for claim 54, the wherein said aqueous solution is blood.
56. the method for claim 54, the wherein said aqueous solution is fermentation broth.
57. the method for claim 54, the wherein said aqueous solution are the circular flows in chemistry or bioprocess.
58. the method for claim 57, the wherein said aqueous solution are the circular flows in cell cultivation process.
59. the method for claim 57, the wherein said aqueous solution is used in the surgical procedure.
60. the method for claim 51, wherein said fluid comprises respirable air.
61. the method for claim 51, wherein said fluid comprises purge gas.
62. the method for claim 61, wherein said gas is selected from O 2, CO 2, N 2Or Ar.
63. the method for claim 51, wherein said fluid is an anesthetic gases.
64. the method for claim 63, wherein anesthetic gases comprises nitrous oxide.
65. the method for claim 51, it also comprises by the sterilization described scavenging material of regenerating.
66. the method for claim 65, wherein said sterilization comprise temperature, pressure, radiation level or chemical oxidizing agent or reducing agent or its combination that scavenging material is exposed to rising.
67. comprising steaming, the method for claim 66, wherein said sterilization press.
68. the method for claim 67, wherein said sterilization comprises electrochemical treatments.
69. the method for claim 67, wherein said sterilization comprise chemical oxidation and steam the combination of pressing.
70. the method for claim 51, wherein said fluid is a gaseous mixture.
71. the method for claim 70, wherein the gas that is filtered is air.
72. the method for claim 51, wherein said fluid are chemically inert gas.
73. the method for claim 72, wherein said gas are oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon gas or nitrogen oxide.
74. the method for claim 72, wherein said gas are used for to a chamber pressurization.
75. the method for claim 72, wherein said gas are used for spraying or purging a kind of aqueous solution, purpose is to improve the concentration of gas jet in this solution.
76. the method for claim 72, wherein said gas are used for spraying or purging a kind of aqueous solution, purpose is to reduce the concentration of unborn gas in the solution.
77. the method for claim 72, wherein said gas is used for removing microparticle material from the surface.
78. a fixing and contact medium that is used for microorganism, it comprises magnesium-containing mineral and used adhesive thereof, and this medium is rigidity porous blocks or plate form.
79. the fixing and contact medium of claim 78, it also comprises and is fixed on its intrapore one or more microorganisms.
80. the regeneration of the material of claim 1, it comprises salt, acid or caustic solution by use and carries out.
81. the scavenging material of claim 36, wherein said sorptive material comprises wollastonite.
CNA028078586A 2001-02-06 2002-02-01 Compositions of insoluble magnesium containing minerals for use in fluid filtration Pending CN1527738A (en)

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