CN1527042A - Measurement method of plastic tensile strength of cement-base material - Google Patents
Measurement method of plastic tensile strength of cement-base material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1527042A CN1527042A CNA031510795A CN03151079A CN1527042A CN 1527042 A CN1527042 A CN 1527042A CN A031510795 A CNA031510795 A CN A031510795A CN 03151079 A CN03151079 A CN 03151079A CN 1527042 A CN1527042 A CN 1527042A
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Abstract
The present invention is measurement method of plastic tensile strength of cement-base material. Two figure-8 shaped semi-molds halved along neck cross section, bottom plate, support plate, etc. are adopted, so that horizontally set plastic material in gravitational field may be supported and measured via applying horizontal stress for measuring plastic tensile strength. The method may be used in measuring the plastic tensile strength of cement-base material, such as slurry, mortar, concrete and their composite material, in any time from formation to final solidification. The present invention may be used in the research, development, production, application and management of cement-base material for evaluating cracking performance, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Materials Science and Engineering technical field, be specifically related to the method for testing of the tensile strength under a kind of cement-based material and the similar material mecystasis thereof.
Technical background
Cement concrete material because its starting material wide material sources, cheap, be easy to mould, mechanical property excellence etc., in construction work, be used widely, be the most large manufactured construction materials at present, also will be irreplaceable main building materials of 21 century.But there are some defectives in cement concrete material self, as from great, tensile strength is low, be easy to plastic shrinkage cracking etc., these drawbacks limit its in Structural Engineering, use widely.Wherein the cement concrete defective that is easy to plastic shrinkage cracking is great to the concrete engineering quality influence.Especially to high-strength concrete, gently then cause and do over again because of directly influencing the engineering presentation quality at Construction stage, heavy then bring the plastic stage contraction fissure into the engineering operational phase, make concrete influence performances such as its impervious, freeze proof, anti-chemical mediator erosion, anti-steel bar corrosion because of this " congenital " defective, cause concrete to shorten greatly serviceable life, concrete safeguards that rehabilitation expense rises in a large number.
The plastic shrinkage cracking mechanism of cement-based material is analyzed and can be found, behind the cement-based material moulding by casting, because the affinity of water and cement-based material, form concave meniscus in the skin-material kapillary during water evaporates, the vertical component of its concave meniscus upper surface tension force has formed the tension to material between tube wall, this moment, material was in the plastic stage, and the plastic tensile strength of material self is lower, if the tensile stress sigma that produces is shunk in the dehydration of material surface kapillary
KapillaryWith material plastic tensile strength f
MouldSatisfy following formula:
σ
Kapillary＞f
Mould-----------------------------------(1)
Then cracking phenomena appears in material surface.
When changing cement-based material composition and environmental baseline of living in thereof, the plastic tensile strength of material opposing cracking is changed, the capillary tension that also can make the kapillary dehydration shrink formation on the other hand changes, thereby makes σ
KapillaryWith f
MouldWhen satisfying following formula:
σ
Kapillary≤ f
Mould-----------------------------------(2)
The cracking situation of material surface is alleviated, even disappears.
According to above-mentioned analysis, if will get the mechanism of cement-based material plastic shrinkage cracking clear, need the plastic tensile strength under its different composition conditions of research on the one hand, need to understand the kapillary differential contraction stress under its different condition on the other hand, then the two is compared judgement, thereby the plastic shrinkage cracking phenomenon is taked the specific aim measure to be prevented and eliminated.In view of the method for testing that does not have at present about the cement-based material plastic property, be difficult to set up as the plastic tensile strength of cement-based material, the plasticity dehydration shrinkage factor of cement-based material, the method for testings such as plasticity kapillary dehydration contraction tension of cement-based material, though make the research in this field be considered to important, but be difficult to start with, have to " circuitous flank attack " or " keeping a good distance from ".People's desired design goes out the plastic tensile strength method of testing of cement-based material, to measure cement-based material plastic shrinkage cracking resistibility.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to set up a kind of method that can test water cement-based material (comprising similar material) plastic tensile strength.
The method of testing of the cement-based material that the present invention proposes (comprising similar material, down together) plastic tensile strength is as follows:
Cement-based material watered builds up test specimen:
Make the mould of test specimen earlier, this mould is to be made up of piecing together the half module of two symmetric shapes.This symmetrical mould can be that 8 font half modules of symmetry are formed piecing together, middle splicing place relative narrower, as shown in Figure 1.Mould also can be that the rectangle half module of two symmetries is formed piecing together, and perhaps is that the trapezoidal half module of two symmetries is formed piecing together, and short base is splicing place, or the like.Cement-based material is cast in the mould of two symmetrical half module splicings, obtains test specimen.
Test:
Can there be following several situation the test duration of test specimen plastic tensile strength: 1) test immediately under natural conditions; 2) after placing certain hour under the natural conditions (but should before cement-based material final set); 3) in (equally should before cement-based material final set) behind the maintenance certain hour under the standard curing condition; 4) in quickening under the curing condition behind the maintenance certain hour (equally should before cement-based material final set).
At the two ends of test piece mould drag hook or stay cord are set, a side test specimen are fixed, to the test specimen horizontal direction of opposite side at the uniform velocity reinforcing be pulled outwardly, obvious when mobile when this side half module test specimen, promptly test specimen in splicing place separately stops reinforcing immediately.Writing down this power is f
1In the same way again to opposite side half module test specimen at the uniform velocity reinforcing be pulled outwardly, obviously move until this half module test specimen, stop reinforcing immediately, writing down this power is f
2
Calculate: the cement-based material plastic tensile strength is calculated as follows
f
Mould=(f
1-f
2)/A (3)
A is the basal area of half module joint.
In order to overcome measuring error, every group of test specimen can be made n, remembers that corresponding plastic tensile strength is f
i(f
i=f
I1-f
I2), i=1 ... n, then
f
Mould=∑ f
i/ n (4)
General n is got 4-8.
The present invention proposes the method for the plastic tensile strength of test water cement-based material, and is simple, and data are reliable.Research for relevant cement-based material plastic shrinkage cracking aspect, foundation, the fiber of setting up, influence the research of its plastic shrinkage cracking factor, the mechanism research that fiber prevents its plastic shrinkage cracking, actual engineered cementitious sill plastic shrinkage cracking early warning mechanism as the science of cement-based material plastic shrinkage cracking experimental technique prevents the formulation of its plastic cracking technical manual standard etc., and strong theoretical foundation and method support are provided; Simultaneously, to form evolution for the structure of research cement-based material mecystasis the means of testing basis will be provided, also can make the research of relevant maturing, as the research of the hydration heat cracking of harden early stage dehydration cracking, mass concrete etc., extend to should extend to and means of testing and being difficult for plastic stage of carrying out for want of in the past.So the present invention has set up cement-based material plastic tensile strength method of testing first, has great basic theory meaning and huge applied economics meaning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 8 font mould planar structures diagrams.
Fig. 2 is to test specimen test diagram.
Number in the figure: 1 is mould, and its internal mold is 8 fonts of symmetry, and 2 is the base plate of mould, and 3 is horizontal supporting plate, and 4 is desktop, and 5 is stay cord, and 6 is 1/4 cylinder or pulley, and 7 is the sand basket.
Embodiment
Be example with 8 font moulds below, further set forth the present invention.
1, makes the plastic tensile strength testing mould
This mould is made up of 8 font half modules of two symmetries, as shown in Figure 1.Each half module base plate is concordant on one side with 8 font half module openings, and two 8 font half modules that are connected with base plate 2 can just in time be combined into 8 complete font moulds 1.Respectively open a perforation in the center, two ends of two 8 font half modules, cotton rope is penetrated and at the half module internal fixation; Or directly center, half module outside each fixedly connected on single line rope 5.With the 8 font moulds of two 8 font half modules to being combined into, be placed on the smooth supporting plate 3 of a monoblock, the supporting plate area should be suitably pieced together the total area to the shared tool of 8 font moulds that becomes greater than two 8 font half modules, splint upper surface and base plate lower surface all should be smooth smooth, roller bearing perhaps is installed, the friction force when reducing its relative motion between the two.Adopt small size 8 font moulds when test cement paste, mortar, adopt large-size 8 font moulds during the test concrete, a whole set of mould is illustrated in Fig. 1.8 font mold neck transversal section are a rectangle, and its size can be 20mm * 20mm to small size 8 font moulds, and large scale 8 font moulds be can be 100mm * 100mm or are 150mm * 150mm.A whole set of mould can adopt steel to make also available other material substitution.
Afterburning mode can adopt sand replacement method, also can adopt other method that plays same purpose to replace, when adopting sand replacement method:
Weighing utensil: balance or platform balance.
Add carrier material: generally adopt common yellow ground, also available other material replaces.
Other: self-control sand basket, hourglass, also available other plays the similar effect implements and replaces.
2, test
At first two 8 font half modules are pieced together good, two interfaces should natural driving fit, carries out temporary fixedly across interface with adhesive tape in two 8 font half module end faces, side, and half module moves when preventing the moulding cement-based material.8 type matrix inside surfaces and base platform oil surface are beneficial to the demoulding, with butter etc. remainder space behind the lacing hole wire rope handling are stopped up, in case spillage.
Adopt corresponding stirring machine to stir the cement-based material of different cultivars.
The type matrix edge is spiral pours into a mould along 8 with the cement-based material mixed, until mixing and stirring the material full entire die of stream automatically, uses the doctor blade die trial immediately.And the time period of selection test.
During test, test specimen carefully removed place on level, the smooth table top limit, carefully tear adhesive tape and (notice whether the test specimen surface has tangible crack under the various conditions, if have, then this test specimen cancels), pin one 8 font half module from end face, the cotton rope level on another 8 font half module top is caused supporting plate on one side, turn 90 degrees downwards along the garden cambered surface that is fixed in the 1/4 garden post (its radius equals the distance of 8 font half module end face aperture centers to the bottom surface) on the supporting plate, fasten sand basket (the sand basket should be light and handy as far as possible), referring to Fig. 2.Sand is slowly at the uniform velocity added in the basket with hourglass, and loading speed can be 200g/min to clean slurry, mortar, can be 500g/min to concrete, and is obvious when mobile when the half module test specimen that is connected with the sand basket, stops loading immediately.Take off the sand basket, the quality of weighing sand and sand basket is designated as m
1The half module that will slide is taken away (for the bigger sample of plasticity then, it is little anxious about base plate along the two-half die interface to need with plastic sheeting etc., the blended rubber band is fixed on the half module that did not move, again another half module is removed), supporting plate is carefully turned around to place the table top limit together with not mobile half module, pin holder version, measure the obvious gross mass of sand and sand basket when mobile of this half module, be designated as m by above-mentioned same method
2The cement-based material plastic tensile strength is calculated as follows:
f
Mould=(m
1-m
2)/A--------------------------------------(3)
A is 8 type matrix neck basal areas in the formula.Every group of parallel test specimen is six, rejects a maximal value and a minimum value, with the mean value of four test specimen test values of the remainder typical value as this group test specimen.
Be several examples of concrete actual measurement below.
8 type matrixes that example 1 adopts as shown in Figure 1, external mold length is 140mm, and width is 74mm, and its 8 font mould inside length is 77mm, and width is 52mm, and neck width is 20mm, and the degree of depth is 20mm, and promptly the neck cross dimensions is 20mm * 20mm.32.5 Portland cements and the water ratio (mass ratio) in 1: 0.28 is stirred in clean slurry stirring machine, be cast in the mould then, after treating that the test specimen surface is floating, promptly adopt mode shown in Figure 2 to test its plastic tensile strength, can get its plastic tensile strength and be about 0.013MPa.Each time test result sees Table 1.
| Sequence number | ?m1(g) | ?m2(g) | ????A(mm2) | F moulds (MPa) |
| 1 | ?635 | ?141 | ????416.1 | ?0.0116 |
| 2 | ?664 | ?152 | ????390.1 | ?0.0129 |
| 3 | ?702 | ?147 | ????397.6 | ?0.0137 |
| 4 | ?663 | ?138 | ????406.0 | ?0.0127 |
| 5 | ?713 | ?145 | ????411.9 | ?0.0135 |
| 6 | ??752 | ??146 | ????397.4 | ?0.0149 |
| On average | ?0.013 |
8 type matrixes that example 2 adopts as shown in Figure 1, its size is with example 1.In 32.5 Portland cements: sand: the ratio (mass ratio) of water=1: 1: 0.5 stirs in mortar mixer, be cast in the mould then, after physical environment is placed 30min down, adopt mode shown in Figure 2 to test its plastic tensile strength, can get its plastic tensile strength and be about 0.011MPa.Each time test result sees Table 2.
| Sequence number | ?m1(g) | ?M2(g) | ????A(mm2) | F moulds (MPa) |
| ?1 | ?605 | ?143 | ????416.1 | ?0.0109 |
| ?2 | ?614 | ?132 | ????390.1 | ?0.0121 |
| ?3 | ?602 | ?151 | ????397.6 | ?0.0111 |
| ?4 | ?563 | ?134 | ????406.0 | ?0.0104 |
| ?5 | ?703 | ?145 | ????411.9 | ?0.0133 |
| ?6 | ?592 | ?136 | ????397.4 | ?0.0112 |
| On average | ?0.011 |
8 type matrixes that example 3 adopts as shown in Figure 1, its size is with example 1.In 32.5 Portland cements: sand: the ratio (mass ratio) of water=1: 1: 0.5 stirs in mortar mixer, be cast in the mould then, after 1000W lamp photograph, 5m/s wind environment are placed 100min down, adopt mode shown in Figure 2 to test its plastic tensile strength, can get its plastic tensile strength and be about 0.027MPa.Each time test result sees Table 3.
| Sequence number | ?m1(g) | ?m2(g) | ????A(mm2) | F moulds (MPa) |
| ?1 | ?1475 | ?144 | ????416.1 | ?0.0313 |
| ?2 | ?1363 | ?142 | ????390.1 | ?0.0307 |
| ?3 | ?1202 | ?137 | ????397.6 | ?0.0263 |
| ?4 | ?1163 | ?148 | ????406.0 | ?0.0245 |
| ?5 | ?1053 | ?155 | ????411.9 | ?0.0214 |
| ?6 | ?1225 | ?149 | ????397.4 | ?0.0265 |
| On average | ?0.027 |
8 type matrixes that example 4 adopts as shown in Figure 1, its size is with example 1.In 32.5 Portland cements: sand: water: nylon fiber=1: 1: 0.5: 0.0018 ratio (mass ratio) stirs in mortar mixer, be cast in the mould then, after 1000W lamp photograph, 5m/s wind environment are placed 100min down, adopt mode shown in Figure 2 to test its plastic tensile strength, can get its plastic tensile strength and be about 0.048MPa.Each time test result sees Table 4.
| Sequence number | ?m1(g) | ?m2(g) | ????A(mm2) | F moulds (MPa) |
| ?1 | ?1745 | ?161 | ????416.1 | ?0.0373 |
| ?2 | ?2015 | ?158 | ????390.1 | ?0.0466 |
| ?3 | ?1977 | ?143 | ????397.6 | ?0.0452 |
| ?4 | ?2025 | ?158 | ????406.0 | ?0.0451 |
| ?5 | ?2465 | ?144 | ????411.9 | ?0.0552 |
| ?6 | ?2610 | ?136 | ????397.4 | ?0.0610 |
| On average | ?0.048 |
8 type matrixes that example 5 adopts as shown in Figure 1, its size dimension is 420mm for external mold length, and width is 225mm, and the mould inside length is 204mm, and width is 145mm, and neck width is 100mm, and the degree of depth is 100mm, and promptly the neck cross dimensions is 100mm * 100mm.In 32.5 Portland cements: sand: stone (5-25mm): water: nylon fiber=1: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.0018 ratio (mass ratio) stirs in concrete mixer, be cast in the mould then, after 1000W lamp photograph, 5m/s wind environment are placed 100min down, adopt mode shown in Figure 2 to test its plastic tensile strength, can get its plastic tensile strength and be about 0.04MPa.Each time test result sees the following form 5.
| Sequence number | ?m1(g) | ?m2(g) | ????A(mm2) | F moulds (MPa) |
| ?1 | ?43650 | ?2550 | ????10150 | ?0.0397 |
| ?2 | ?51050 | ?2950 | ????10120 | ?0.0466 |
| ?3 | ?47100 | ?3350 | ????10190 | ?0.0421 |
| ?4 | ?37350 | ?2600 | ????9940 | ?0.0343 |
| ?5 | ?45500 | ?2850 | ????9980 | ?0.0419 |
| ?6 | ?33550 | ?2950 | ????10000 | ?0.0300 |
| On average | ?0.04 |
Claims (5)
1, the assay method of its material plastic tensile strength of a kind of cement is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) make test piece mould, this mould is to be made up of piecing together the half module of two symmetric shapes, and cement-based material is cast in this mould, obtains test specimen to be measured;
(2) test is provided with drag hook or stay cord at the two ends of test piece mould, a side test specimen is fixed, to opposite side half module test specimen horizontal direction at the uniform velocity reinforcing be pulled outwardly, obvious when mobile when this side half module test specimen, stop reinforcing immediately, writing down this power is f
1In the same way again to opposite side half module test specimen at the uniform velocity reinforcing be pulled outwardly, obviously move until this half module test specimen, stop reinforcing immediately, writing down this power is f
2
(3) calculate: cement-based material plastic tensile strength f
MouldBe calculated as follows acquisition
f
Mould=(f
1-f
2)/A
A is the basal area of half module joint.
2, assay method according to claim 1 is characterized in that measuring at every turn and uses identical test specimen as n, remembers that the plastic tensile strength that each test specimen records is f
i(f
i=f
I1-f
I2), i=1 ... n, then
f
Mould=∑ f
i/ n
Here n gets 4-8.
3, assay method according to claim 1 is characterized in that used test piece mould is made up of piecing together 28 font half modules of symmetry.
4, assay method according to claim 3, when it is characterized in that testing, load and adopt sand replacement method: stay cord is drawn in the center at a side half module test specimen, level is stretching downward to the corner, and the lower end hangs the sand basket, at the uniform velocity adds in basket with hourglass sand, when the half module test specimen obvious when mobile, stop loading immediately, write down the quality of sand basket and sand, be designated as m
1The sand basket when testing opposite side half module test specimen in the same way and moving and the quality of sand are designated as m
2Then
f
Mould=(m
1-m
2)/A.
5, assay method according to claim 4 is characterized in that measuring at every turn and uses 8 identical font moulds as n, remembers that the plastic tensile strength that each test specimen records is f
i(f
i=f
I1-f
I2), i=1 ... n, then
f
Mould=∑ f
i/ n
n＝4-8。
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031510795A CN1527042A (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2003-09-19 | Measurement method of plastic tensile strength of cement-base material |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101435758B (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2011-07-20 | 天津大学 | Method for testing direct tensile strength of concrete base cleaning pulp or mortar |
| CN102519772A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 华南理工大学 | Combined multiple 8-shaped test mold |
| CN102628790A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-08-08 | 金陵科技学院 | Testing device and method for bonding performance of fiber and mortar materials |
| CN102636395A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-08-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Testing device for plastic strength of slip form concrete |
| CN102854064A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 山东大学 | Numerically-controlled tension test system for soil body and test method for same |
| CN103134722A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-05 | 上海交通大学 | Intestine and stomach tissue tensile stress measurement device and measuring method and application |
| CN103267680A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-28 | 长安大学 | Intergraded method for designing and constructing semi-rigid base material |
| CN104359753A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 广西鱼峰水泥股份有限公司 | Method for reducing cement strength error |
| CN104406854A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-11 | 美巢集团股份公司 | Device and method for measuring viscoplasticity tensile strength of slurry |
| CN104713790A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-17 | 中山大学 | Unsaturated soil variable structure suction testing device |
| CN107462469A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-12 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of slope soil tensile strength on-site testing device and method of testing |
| CN109374404A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-22 | 河海大学 | A kind of sample preparation device, method and the test method of geotechnique's tension test |
| CN116148068A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-05-23 | 玉田县致泰钢纤维制造有限公司 | High-toughness steel fiber profile strength detection equipment |
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2003
- 2003-09-19 CN CNA031510795A patent/CN1527042A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101435758B (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2011-07-20 | 天津大学 | Method for testing direct tensile strength of concrete base cleaning pulp or mortar |
| CN103134722A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-05 | 上海交通大学 | Intestine and stomach tissue tensile stress measurement device and measuring method and application |
| CN102519772A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 华南理工大学 | Combined multiple 8-shaped test mold |
| CN102628790A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-08-08 | 金陵科技学院 | Testing device and method for bonding performance of fiber and mortar materials |
| CN102636395A (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-08-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Testing device for plastic strength of slip form concrete |
| CN102854064A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 山东大学 | Numerically-controlled tension test system for soil body and test method for same |
| CN103267680A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-28 | 长安大学 | Intergraded method for designing and constructing semi-rigid base material |
| CN104359753A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 广西鱼峰水泥股份有限公司 | Method for reducing cement strength error |
| CN104406854A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-11 | 美巢集团股份公司 | Device and method for measuring viscoplasticity tensile strength of slurry |
| CN104713790A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-17 | 中山大学 | Unsaturated soil variable structure suction testing device |
| CN107462469A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-12 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of slope soil tensile strength on-site testing device and method of testing |
| CN109374404A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-22 | 河海大学 | A kind of sample preparation device, method and the test method of geotechnique's tension test |
| CN116148068A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-05-23 | 玉田县致泰钢纤维制造有限公司 | High-toughness steel fiber profile strength detection equipment |
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