CN1524191A - Asymmetric array waveguide grating device - Google Patents
Asymmetric array waveguide grating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1524191A CN1524191A CNA018234321A CN01823432A CN1524191A CN 1524191 A CN1524191 A CN 1524191A CN A018234321 A CNA018234321 A CN A018234321A CN 01823432 A CN01823432 A CN 01823432A CN 1524191 A CN1524191 A CN 1524191A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12014—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the wavefront splitting or combining section, e.g. grooves or optical elements in a slab waveguide
Abstract
An asymmetric arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) device mainly includes an input-side coupler, arrayed waveguide and an output-side coupler, in which a non-circle arc edge between a free-space region in the input-side coupler and the arrayed waveguides is optimized; and the distance from an input waveguide to arrayed waveguide imports, the widths and the intervals of the imports are varied, so that the light intensity received by each waveguide in AWG has a certain distribution, reaching the highest general coupling efficiency, and the lengths of the arrayed waveguide have been adjusted, and field distribution at the connection of free-space region and the arrayed wave-guide in the out-side coupler is conformed to the predetermination that is sinc function divided by a guassian function, i.e. channel frequency spectral response having flat top and steep edge.
Description
Asymmetric array waveguide grating device technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of asymmetric array waveguide grating（AWG) device, more particularly to a kind of asymmetric array waveguide grating device with optimal spectrum passband response and minimal losses.Background technology
Wavelength-division multiplex（Demultiplexing）Device and route device are the Primary Components in optical communication network, wherein, array waveguide grating（AWG) device has been widely used in wavelength-division multiplex（WDM) in system.One problem of the AWG wavelength division multiplex devices of traditional type is the shape that its frequency borrows passband to have a spike, that is to say, that have the percent of pass of maximum in centre wavelength, and when this centre wavelength of wavelength shift, percent of pass can rapidly decline.So, the wavelength of optical signal all in optical-fiber network all must the very accurate decline to avoid systematic function.Strict requirements will be used which results in design and operation to whole optical-fiber network and device therein.
The recovery of different wave length is combined into light beam and a branch of complex light is separated into the device of light of different wave length and is referred to as multiplexer（Wave multiplexer）And demultiplexer（Channel-splitting filter）, in general, same AWG can be simultaneously as multiplexer and demultiplexer, and they are only difference is that the direction that light passes through device is opposite, for convenience, below only demultiplexer is described, the present invention is also suitable to multiplexer.
When AWG devices are as channel-splitting filter, it is by input waveguide, the first star-type coupler（Input coupler）, have Waveguide array, the second star-type coupler of optical path difference between adjacent waveguide（Output coupler）, a plurality of output waveguide constituted；Every output waveguide receives the light of a different wave length, first star-type coupler is the compound optically coupling in Waveguide array of input, dispersion function of the array waveguide grating to different wavelength so that the light of different wavelength focuses on different output waveguides after the second star-type coupler.
In many applications, the input of AWG devices, output waveguide are all single modes, input, output waveguide horizontal optical field distribution generally can with Gaussian function come approximately, in a special modality
Cardiac wave is long, and input field distribution is imaged in output waveguide by AWG, if the field distribution of picture and the center of mode distributions of output waveguide are alignment, then we can be obtained by maximum coupling efficiency.When wavelength departure centre wavelength, the center of the field distribution of picture and the mode distributions of output waveguide can also shift, so coupling efficiency will be decreased, and the overlap integral of the two mode distributions determines the spectral response of passage, and this response is approximately Gaussian function.
Preferable spectral response is shaped as rectangular function, and the top of response curve is more flat better, can thus increase the small light intensity changes in this passband of bandwidth , Minus of each passage as much as possible；The both sides of spectrum curve should be steep as far as possible simultaneously, the crosstalk between so small adjacent two passages of Ke Yi Minus.
There are several kinds of technologies to be used to improve the shape of spectral response, U.S. Patent number：5412744, it is open a kind of：" there is wide, flat enough band connection frequency route device（Frequency routing device having a wide and substantially flat passband), patent, give a kind of method for making spectral response flat, in this approach, the recovery two adjacent output waveguides received by using Y shapes connector is altogether, in this approach, in order to keep required crosstalk levels, there is additional space between adjacent output waveguide pair, the port number and bandwidth chahnel that this device can be obtained receive serious limitation.
It is entitled in an another piece：" the phased array channel-splitting filter of the spectral response of planarization "（A phased-array wavelength demultiplexer with flattened wavelength response), author：M. R Amersfoort etc., publication is " electronics bulletin " (Electronics Lett) volume 30, No .4, in 1994 article, spectral response is planarized using multimode output waveguide, it is possible that multimode output waveguide and detector, which are connected, in the receiver, but this device can not be used to route the signal of different wave length in the optical-fiber network of single mode.
U.S. Patent number：6141152, it is open a kind of：The patent of " wave multiplexer/channel-splitting filter of spectral response planarization " (Multiplexer/Demultiplexer with flattened spectral response), by the design that multiple grating rings (multiple-grating-circle) are used in AWG, the picture of multiple input mode distributions is set to project in output waveguide, so, comprehensive spectral response can be planarized, passband is broadened, but the two of spectral response curve marginal portions can not be obtained
Improve, and the increase that insertion loss also can be serious.
It is entitled in an another piece：" the array waveguide grating wave multiplexer of spectral response planarization "
In the article of (Arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer with flat spectral response), author：K. Okamoto, Η Yamada, publication is " optics letter " (Optics Lett) volume 20, No l pp 3-45,1995, according to the distribution of sine functions, AWG phase and amplitude is changed, so that spectral response is planarized, the realization of amplitude distribution is by changing the waveguide aperture on the interface in first stripe array, this method one is primary disadvantage is that due to the lower coupling efficiency in first coupler so that the increase of insertion loss seriously.
It is entitled in an another piece：" making the design and simulation that the spectral response of phased array lambda router is planarized using Fourier optical principles ", author：N. Kim, Y. Chung, publication is at " integrated optics research collected works " (Proceeding of Integrated Photonics Research), IWAl p .361-363,1998, according to the distribution of sine functions, the amplitude distribution on slab waveguide interface of second star-type coupler AWG is adjusted, and this is similar to Okamoto above-mentioned method.The realization of amplitude distribution is that different losses are introduced by every waveguide in AWG.This range-adjusting method is very difficult to control, and the insertion loss for increasing device that can be serious and crosstalk in practical operation.
Shown in Fig. 1 is a traditional array waveguide grating.Wherein free transmission range 20 and a plurality of input waveguide Ik(k=l, 2 ,-N) are connected, and Waveguide array 30 connects free transmission range 20 and free transmission range 40, free transmission range 40 and a plurality of output waveguide 0k(k=l, 2 ...,！Connected.Thus each bar waveguide has in Waveguide array 30 produces corresponding optical path difference between different length, adjacent waveguide, realize the function similar with grating.This device can be used as multiplexer, demultiplexer or lambda router.For example, when this device is as demultiplexer, a composite optical signal comprising multiple wavelength is coupled to wherein one input waveguide, and each wavelength channel is separated by array waveguide grating and focuses on each output waveguide.
Although being only needed to during demultiplexing using an input waveguide, in order to select to use different input waveguides, a plurality of input waveguide is usually designed to.The different input waveguide of selection
The channel wavelength of output waveguide can be changed.If as lambda router（Such as NX N), then multiple inputs and output are used simultaneously.Therefore, similar with the star coupler of output end, the Waveguide array of the interface of free transmission range and array waveguide grating in input star coupler must be equally spacedly arranged on a circular arc.Thus, even if input waveguide is in some designs in terms of width, spacing, quantity and output waveguide can be different, array waveguide grating 30 itself is generally symmetrical.
However, for the application of most of demultiplexings, only needing an input waveguide.In this case, beam splitter of first star coupler equivalent to a 1 X N.So need not equally spacedly be arranged in the free transmission range of first star coupler and the interface Waveguide array of array waveguide grating, also need not be on circular arc.Utilize these extra frees degree, some other performance of star coupler can further be optimized, certain field distribution is produced such as at Waveguide array and total coupling efficiency of maximum is obtained simultaneously, it is combined additionally by with the phase adjustment in Waveguide array, a spectral response for wanting to obtain can be obtained with minimal losses.The disclosure of invention
The main object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of asymmetric array waveguide grating device, by a kind of design of asymmetrical AWG devices, its frequency spectrum is mutually planarized, passband broadens, and to disturb Minus few for the insertion loss and string of device.
To realize the purpose of the present invention, it is proposed that a kind of asymmetric array waveguide grating device, the design of output coupler is similar with traditional AWG designs（That is the waveguide tail end of AWG is circumferentially equably arranged）, and the design of input coupler and its waveguide tail end is different, therefore the device so designed is usually asymmetrical.
It is proposed that a kind of Qi Group of asymmetric array waveguide grating device , into including：
At least one input waveguide, it transmits the composite signal of multiple different wave lengths；
One input beam-splitting coupler, is connected, and receive the composite signal from input waveguide with described input waveguide；
An array waveguide optical grating, it is made up of the waveguide of a plurality of different length, and with the input
Beam-splitting coupler is connected；
One star-like focusing coupler, the described array waveguide grating of connection, the angle dispersion of the signal of different wave length is converted into the space displacement dispersion of a focal line by it；
A plurality of output waveguide, it is coupled with the star-like focusing coupler, and each bar output waveguide tail end is just arranged on the focal line of star-like focusing coupler, and transmits the optical signal of a different wave length respectively；
Wherein described input beam-splitting coupler connection described array waveguide grating and input waveguide, each bar waveguide tail end of array waveguide grating is not arranged equally spacedly circumferentially, and the coefficient of coup between each waveguide of input waveguide and array waveguide grating is a predetermined distribution function.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein described Waveguide array and input input beam-splitting coupler intersection, has different distances between the position of its every waveguide tail end and input waveguide tail end.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein in described array waveguide grating, there are different throat widths the connection end of its every waveguide and input beam-splitting coupler.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein in described array waveguide grating, having different waveguide cores between its every waveguide and the connection end for inputting beam-splitting coupler to waveguide core distance, so making total coupling efficiency maximum.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein in described array waveguide grating, the connection end of its every waveguide is located on the circular arc centered on input waveguide end, but the centre distance that has different throat width between different waveguides, so make the energy for being coupled to every waveguide of described array waveguide grating that there is pre-determined distribution function, while making total coupling efficiency maximum.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein described input beam-splitting coupler is the 1x2 Y types of Grade more than one waveguide input beam-splitting coupler.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein described many Grade input beam-splitting couplers are asymmetrical Y types waveguide couplers, there is the nonequilibrium coefficient of coup, so make the energy for being coupled to every waveguide of described array waveguide grating that there is pre-determined distribution function.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, the field distribution that the amplitude coefficient of coup wherein between every waveguide of input waveguide and described array waveguide grating is adjusted the junction for causing output coupler and Waveguide array has pre-determined distribution function, make it that the top of spectral response curve of each passage is sufficiently flat and edge is steep enough.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein described pre-determined distribution function is a sine function divided by a Gaussian function, the sine functions are consistent substantially with the inverse fourier transform of required spectral response function, and the Gaussian function is identical substantially with the inverse fourier transform of the mode distributions function of output waveguide, the Fourier transform is corresponding with the optical property for focusing on star coupler.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, the length of every waveguide of wherein described array waveguide grating will adjust, in addition to the integral multiple phase difference equal to 2 π of a certain given channel wavelength is produced between adjacent waveguide, also to compensate the phase difference introduced by above-mentioned coupler, and in these described waveguides, the π phase shifts needed for when the field distribution function of the junction of the above-mentioned pre-determined output coupler of generation and Waveguide array is negative value.
Another Qi Group of asymmetric array waveguide grating device , into including：
At least one input waveguide, it transmits the composite signal of multiple different wave lengths；
' one inputs beam-splitting coupler, is connected with described input waveguide, and receives the composite signal from input waveguide；
An array waveguide optical grating, it is made up of the waveguide of a plurality of different length, and is connected with the input beam-splitting coupler；
One star-like focusing coupler, the described array waveguide grating of connection, the angle dispersion of the signal of different wave length is converted into the space displacement dispersion of a focal line by it；
A plurality of output waveguide, it is coupled with the star-like focusing coupler, and each bar output waveguide tail end is just arranged on the focal line of star-like focusing coupler, and transmits the optical signal of a different wave length respectively；
Wherein also include a Guang Shuai Minus device or amplifier, it is at least used in the part of waveguide in the array waveguide grating, they with described input waveguide and array waveguide grating waveguide
The coefficient of coup is combined, so that generating the intensity distribution function of a determination in the interface that array waveguide grating and output end focus on star coupler, this intensity distribution function is equal to a sinc_ function divided by a Gaussian function, so as to obtain the precipitous channel spectrum response curve in a top flat both sides.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, wherein described sine functions are obtained by making inverse fourier transform to required spectral response, the Gaussian function is then to make what inverse fourier transform was obtained to the mode distributions of the powerful output waveguide of single-pass, and the Fourier transform is corresponding with the optical property for focusing on star coupler.
Described asymmetric array waveguide grating device, the length of every waveguide of wherein described array waveguide grating will adjust, in addition to the integral multiple phase difference equal to 2 π of a certain given channel wavelength is produced between adjacent waveguide, also to compensate the phase difference introduced by the input beam-splitting coupler, and in some waveguides, the field distribution function of junction of the pre-determined output coupler and Waveguide array is produced to bear (the π phase shifts needed for when straight.Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 corresponds to the schematic diagram of traditional AWG wavelength division multiplex devices of prior art；Fig. 2 (a) is the schematic diagram of the asymmetric AWG wavelength division multiplex devices of one of the embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 2 (b) is the amplification pattern of input star coupler in Fig. 2 a；
Fig. 3 is the amplification pattern of the input star coupler of another embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 4 is the amplification pattern of many Grade separators of input of another embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 5 is the field distribution of the junction of free transmission ranges and AWG of traditional AWG in coupler；Fig. 6 (a) is the distribution of amplitudes figure of the junction of free transmission range and AWG of the AWG devices of the specific embodiment of the present invention in coupler；
Fig. 6 (b) is the phase distribution of the junction of free transmission range and AWG of the AWG devices of the specific embodiment of the present invention in coupler, and the phase term is the analog result figure for eliminating the spectral response that traditional position difference 2im π Fig. 7 is AWG devices in Fig. 6 compared with traditional AWG frequency language response diagram.
Realize the best mode of the present invention
Asymmetric arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer part proposed by the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows：
Fig. 2 (a) is the schematic diagram of the asymmetric AWG devices of first embodiment of the invention, and the design of output coupler is similar with traditional AWG designs（That is the waveguide aftermost breadth of AWG is identical and circumferentially equably arranges）, and the design of input coupler is very different.Fig. 2 (b) is that the contact line of free transmission range in the amplification pattern of input star coupler in Fig. 2 (a), input coupler and Waveguide array is an optimized curve（Such as sine functions）Rather than circular arc line, together with waveguide entrance width all it is change from input waveguide to the distance of Waveguide array entrance so that the light energy that every waveguide in AWG is received changes according to a predetermined function.Spacing between waveguide is also to be adjusted and change, and total coupling efficiency is reached maximum.The length of the AWG waveguide also adjusted complex field for causing free transmission range in output end coupler and AWG junction（Including amplitude and phase）Distribution is consistent with pre-determined, and the spectral response gone for just can be so obtained at output channel.
Fig. 3 is the amplification pattern of the input star coupler in second embodiment of the invention；The tie point of free transmission range and AWG in input coupler is that this point is similar with traditional AWG on using input waveguide tail end as the circumference in the center of circle.But, input the waveguide entrance width and waveguide core spacing of star coupler（The contact position of free transmission range and Waveguide array in input coupler）All it is the distribution of amplitudes for making it possible to envision with maximum total coupling efficiency acquisition for being adjusted and changing.With Okamoto and H Yamada in article (Optics Lett 20, p43-45,1995) the input star coupler of design is compared in, the center spacing of the adjacent waveguide of the junction of free transmission range and AWG is no longer constant, but adjusted together with waveguide entrance width.If device will be lost by reverse operation, AWG wavelength dispersion characteristics.But when device works according to the optical propagation direction of design, the free degree to reach that coupling efficiency is maximized while waveguide entrance change width.
Although it should be noted that the device can not reversely be used as demultiplexer, according to reversibility of optical path matter, it can reversely be used as multiplexer.
Fig. 4 gives the 3rd embodiment of the present invention；In order to obtain the distribution of amplitudes of anticipation with maximum coupling efficiency, star coupler is replaced by many Grade beam splitters（Such as 1 X 2 Y type beam splitters）.The splitting ratio of coupler is the intensity distribution according to required by Waveguide array to design, and in principle, high coupling efficiency is available, because not having other loss in addition to being lost caused by the flaw in manufacture.
It is different on the evenly distributed circular arc of waveguide from star coupler, coupler/beam splitter in the present invention introduces difference to different paths, these optical path differences must be compensated by adjusting waveguide length in AWG, and coupler/beam splitter and AWG are combined must be at second（That is output end）The AWG of star coupler and the interface of plane planar waveguide produce pre-determined an intensity and phase distribution.
It is used as the important embodiment of the present invention, in order that the field distribution of the junction of free transmission range and AWG at the top of the spectral response curve of passage in relatively flat and edge comparable steepness, second star coupler should be substantially a sine function divided by a Gaussian function.This sine function is just consistent substantially with the inverse fourier transform of the spectral response function intentionally got, and inverse fourier transform of this Gaussian function substantially with the mode distributions function of output waveguide is roughly the same.The Fourier transform is produced by the optical property of focusing star coupler.
Assuming that we want to obtain the spectral response function of a rectangular function
S{X) = rect{^^-) ( 1 )
It is the centre wavelength of certain passage in formula, Δ λ is intended to obtained channel frequency spectrum width.Such as the convolution effect of the first mode distributions function for not considering output waveguide, the field distribution in output waveguide plane corresponding to the spectral response function is
A(x) = rec ^-) (2)
Δχ
Wherein X is the coordinate in output waveguide plane, and Δ χ=β Δs λ, β=- is the λ of grating
Dispersion constant (DC).In order to obtain the field distribution that this writing brush goes out in planar waveguide, output star coupler
The field distribution of AWG interfaces should be A (x) inverse fourier transform, i.e.,
ux
Ag(u)=Shang∞ iln
A(x)e dx
WhereinM =, n is the effective refractive index of slab guide, is the length for exporting star coupler
XL
Degree, X is AWG gratings and the coordinate of output star coupler interface.When A (x) is rectangular function（We are by taking the output waveguide of center as an example, i.e.,； ce=0), Ag(u) it is a sine function, i.e.,
So in the case of the convolution effect for touching field distribution function of output waveguide is not considered, AWG gratings and the field distribution of output star coupler interface can be write as
The convolution effect of the mode distributions function of output waveguide is let us consider that now.Because spectral response function pair answers the convolution of the field distribution in output waveguide plane and the mode distributions function of output waveguide, in order to obtain the field distribution A in a spectral response close to rectangular function, output waveguide plane
(x) equation that should be met is by equation（2) it is changed into
A{x) ® G(x) = recti^^-) ( 6 )
Ax
Wherein G (x) is the normalization mode distributions function of output waveguide, typically can be approximately a Gaussian function.G (X) can be expressed as
Wherein wQFor the waist width of the Gauss mode distributions.
Peer-to-peer（6) inverse fourier transform is made, we can obtain
Wherein Gg(u) be G (x) inverse fourier transform, i.e.,
Gg(u) = [∞ G(x)ei23ruxdx
General=substitution（9) formula, we obtain
G(x') = G^) = (2 。2)J iLJ¾^ (10) this be actually output waveguide pattern the AWG interfaces of output star coupler far-field distribution function, it is also a Gaussian function, its waist width be w=^ ~.Institute is in equation（5) it can be corrected for
. , ,、 XL sin( πβ Αληχ ' / XL )
s πηχ lG(x{)
K.Okamoto and H.Yamada entitled the array waveguide raster multiplexer of flat spectral response " have " and N.Kim and Y.Chung it is entitled " using the phased array lambda router with flat response of fourier optical concept design and simulate " in paper, AWG intensity and phase distribution is adjusted according to a sine functions distribution, in this case, the field distribution in output waveguide plane is substantially similar to a rectangular function.But, the shape of its spectral response curve is substantially equal to the field distribution and pattern field distribution（Substantially Gaussian）Convolution.This can cause the slope variation Slow on the Side sides of spectral response curve two slow, although bandwidth obtains widthization and planarization.
By adjusted according to sine functions divided by a Gaussian function output star coupler ' the field distribution of AWG interfaces, the response of passage light language（Rather than the field distribution of output plane）A rectangular function is essentially become.So this result is bigger than preceding method improvement.
As a specific design example, we have chosen following design parameter：
Free propagation section length L=4950.355um,
Free propagation area effective refractive index ns=l.468,
Waveguide effective index nwg=l .465,
Centre wavelength is 1.55um,
Channel frequence interval Af=100GHz,
0.7 η η ι,（Δ λ is the passband frequency spectrum width it is desirable that obtaining）,
Array grating Grade numbers m=72,
Array grating waveguide number N=141,
Equivalent gaussian beam waist radius w0=4.25um,
The um of centre-to-centre spacing d between AWG waveguides=8.,
It is 24.305 um to receive the centre-to-centre spacing between waveguide,
Fig. 5 is traditional AWG in the AWG for exporting star coupler and the Gaussian intensity profile of the interface of plane planar waveguide.
Fig. 6 a are in the AWG for exporting star coupler and an example of the interface intensity distribution of plane planar waveguide according to an important embodiment of the invention, Fig. 6 b are corresponding phase distributions, phase term is additional on common 2im 7r, i=l, 2,3, M, M is AWG waveguide number, and m is grating Grade numbers, it should however be pointed out the negative sign of sine functions corresponds to a 7T phase factor.
Fig. 7 is the simulated spectral response of the AWG examples of our designs in Fig. 6（Solid line）, traditional AWG spectral effects are addition of in addition（Virtual lines）To make comparisons.It was found that widthization and planarization are obtained at the top of spectral response curve, and both sides edge steepening.- as it is listed hereinbefore go out, we can with a variety of methods output star coupler AWG interfaces realize sine functions divided by a Gaussian function（That is formula（1 1)) field distribution.Such as, it is understood that the different funnels of A W every waveguide entrance of G（Funnel) design parameter（Such as A/F）By the different coefficient of coup of correspondence, we can draw the graph of a relation of the A/F of the coefficient of coup and funnel.As long as therefore we adjust the funnel openings width of the Waveguide array of diverse location with regard to that can obtain required coefficient of coup distribution.Formula is realized in the AWG interfaces of output star coupler（1 field distribution 1), the coefficient of coup distribution of AWG inputs should be formula（1 1) again divided by a Gaussian function Gl (x), wherein Gl (x) be basic mode from center input waveguide input when Waveguide array porch field distribution.
Some changes can be done to the present invention on the premise of the spirit without departing substantially from the present invention and are adjusted.Under normal circumstances; can also be using some features of the present invention without utilizing other features; such as field distribution can optimize for other purposes different from flattened spectral response; therefore; some all made in the scope of the present invention are obvious to be changed, and is intended to be included in the protection domain that the wooden fork of present invention profit is required.
Industrial applicability
In summary, it is proposed that asymmetric array waveguide grating device, input beam-splitting coupler is separately optimized according to different efficacies in it, become an asymmetric array waveguide grating, the spectral response of the asymmetric array waveguide grating is flat, passband broadens, and the insertion loss and Chuan Rao Minus of device are few.
Claims (1)
- Wooden fork profit is requiredA kind of asymmetric array waveguide grating devices of 1, its composition includes：At least one input waveguide, it transmits the composite signal of multiple different wave lengths；One input beam-splitting coupler, is connected, and receive the composite signal from input waveguide with described input waveguide；An array waveguide optical grating, it is by the waveguide Suo Group of a plurality of different length into and be connected with the input beam-splitting coupler, the monochromatic light of a plurality of different wave length of output；One star-like focusing coupler, the described array waveguide grating of connection, the angle dispersion of the signal of different wave length is converted into the space displacement dispersion of a focal line by it；A plurality of output waveguide, it is coupled with the star-like focusing coupler, and each bar output waveguide tail end is just arranged on the focal line of star-like focusing coupler, and transmits the optical signal of a different wave length respectively； 'It is characterized in that, described input beam-splitting coupler connection described array waveguide grating and input waveguide, each bar waveguide tail end of array waveguide grating is not arranged equally spacedly circumferentially, and the coefficient of coup between each waveguide of input waveguide and array waveguide grating is a predetermined distribution function.2. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 1,Characterized in that, described Waveguide array and input beam-splitting coupler intersection, have different distances between the position of its every waveguide tail end and input waveguide tail end.3. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 2,Characterized in that, in described array waveguide grating, there are different throat widths the connection end of its every waveguide and input beam-splitting coupler.4. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 3,Characterized in that, in described array waveguide grating, having different waveguide cores between its every waveguide and the connection end for inputting beam-splitting coupler to waveguide core distance, so making total coupling efficiency maximum.5. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 1,It is characterized in that, in described array waveguide grating, the connection end of its every waveguide is located on the circular arc centered on input waveguide end, but the centre distance that has different throat width between different waveguides, so make the energy for being coupled to every waveguide of described array waveguide grating that there is pre-determined distribution function, while making total coupling efficiency maximum.6. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 1,Characterized in that, described input beam-splitting coupler is the 1x2 Y types of Grade more than one waveguide input beam-splitting coupler.7. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 6,Characterized in that, described many Grade input beam-splitting couplers are asymmetrical Y types waveguide couplers, there is the nonequilibrium coefficient of coup, so make the energy for being coupled to every waveguide of described array waveguide grating that there is pre-determined distribution function.8. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 1,It is characterized in that, the field distribution that the amplitude coefficient of coup between input waveguide and every waveguide of described array waveguide grating is adjusted the junction for causing output coupler and Waveguide array has pre-determined distribution function, make it that the top of spectral response curve of each passage is sufficiently flat and edge is steep enough.9. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 8,It is characterized in that, described pre-determined distribution function is a sine function divided by a Gaussian function, the sine functions substantially borrow the inverse fourier transform of receptance function consistent with required frequency, and the Gaussian function is identical substantially with the inverse fourier transform of the mode distributions function of output waveguide, the Fourier transform is corresponding with the optical property for focusing on star coupler.10. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 9,It is characterized in that, the length of every waveguide of the array waveguide grating will adjust, in addition to the integral multiple phase difference equal to 2 π of a certain given channel wavelength is produced between adjacent waveguide, also to compensate the phase difference introduced by above-mentioned coupler, and in these described waveguides, needed for when the field distribution function of the junction of the above-mentioned pre-determined output coupler of generation and Waveguide array is negative value ' Phase shift.A kind of Qi Group of asymmetric array waveguide grating device , of 11 .. into including：At least one input waveguide, it transmits the composite signal of multiple different wave lengths；One input beam-splitting coupler, is connected, and receive the composite signal from input waveguide with described input waveguide；An array waveguide optical grating, it is by the waveguide Suo Group of a plurality of different length into and being connected with the Shu Ru Fen East couplers；One star-like focusing coupler, the described array waveguide grating of connection, the angle dispersion of the signal of different wave length is converted into the space displacement dispersion of a focal line by it；A plurality of output waveguide, it is coupled with the star-like focusing coupler, and each bar output waveguide tail end is just arranged on the focal line of star-like focusing coupler, and the optical signal of one different wave length of transmission respectively,It is characterized in that, described input beam-splitting coupler, connection described array waveguide grating and input waveguide, the coefficient of coup between each waveguide of its input waveguide and array waveguide grating has the distribution of a determination, so that the field distribution of the junction of output coupler and Waveguide array is a sine function divided by a Gaussian function, it is precipitous with the top flat and edge that obtain spectral response curve.12. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 11, ' be characterized in that, described sine functions are obtained by making inverse fourier transform to required spectral response, the Gaussian function is then that the mode distributions of single channel output waveguide are made with what inverse fourier transform was obtained, and the Fourier transform is corresponding with the optical property for focusing on star coupler.13. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 12,It is characterized in that, the length of every waveguide of the array waveguide grating will adjust, in addition to the integral multiple phase difference equal to 2 π of a certain given channel wavelength is produced between adjacent waveguide, also to compensate the phase difference introduced by the Shu Ru Fen East couplers, and in some waveguides, the π phase shifts needed for when producing the field distribution function of the above-mentioned star-like junction for focusing on coupler and Waveguide array of pre-determined output for negative value.14. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 13, Characterized in that, described Waveguide array and input beam-splitting coupler intersection, have different distances between the position of its every waveguide tail end and input waveguide tail end.15. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 13,Characterized in that, in described array waveguide grating, there are different throat widths the connection end of its every waveguide and input beam-splitting coupler.16. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 15,Characterized in that, in described array waveguide grating, having different waveguide cores between its every waveguide and the connection end for inputting beam-splitting coupler to centre distance, so making total coupling efficiency maximum.17. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 13,It is characterized in that, in described array waveguide grating, the connection end of its every waveguide is located on the circular arc centered on input waveguide end, but the centre distance that has different throat width between different waveguides, so make the energy for being coupled to every waveguide of described array waveguide grating that there is pre-determined distribution function, while making total coupling efficiency maximum.18. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 13,Characterized in that, described input beam-splitting coupler is the 1x2 Y types of Grade more than one waveguide input beam-splitting coupler, the connection end of every waveguide of the array waveguide grating is connected to the end that many Grade 1x2 Y types waveguides input beam-splitting coupler waveguide.19. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 18,Characterized in that, described many Grade input beam-splitting couplers are asymmetrical Y types waveguide couplers, there is the nonequilibrium coefficient of coup, so make the energy for being coupled to every waveguide of described array waveguide grating that there is pre-determined distribution function.20. a kind of asymmetric array waveguide grating device, its composition includes：At least one input waveguide, it transmits the composite signal of multiple different wave lengths；One input beam-splitting coupler, is connected, and receive the composite signal from input waveguide with described input waveguide；An array waveguide optical grating, its by a plurality of different length waveguide Suo Group into, and with it is described input beam-splitting coupler be connected； One star-like focusing coupler, the described array waveguide grating of connection, the angle dispersion of the signal of different wave length is converted into the space displacement dispersion of a focal line by it；A plurality of output waveguide, it is coupled with the star-like focusing coupler, and each bar output waveguide tail end is just arranged on the focal line of star-like focusing coupler, and transmits the optical signal of a different wave length respectively；It is characterized in that, also include a Guang Shuai Minus device or amplifier, it is at least used in the part of waveguide in the array waveguide grating, they are combined with the coefficient of coup of the waveguide of described input waveguide and array waveguide grating, so that generating the intensity distribution function of a determination in the interface that array waveguide grating and output end focus on star coupler, this intensity distribution function is equal to a sine function divided by a Gaussian function, so as to obtain the precipitous logical powerful light _ Pan's response curve in a top flat both sides.Asymmetric array waveguide grating devices of 21, as described in wooden fork profit requires 20,It is characterized in that, described sine functions are obtained by making inverse fourier transform to required spectral response, the Gaussian function is then that the mode distributions of single channel output waveguide are made with what inverse fourier transform was obtained, and the Fourier transform is corresponding with the optical property for focusing on star coupler.22. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 21,It is characterized in that, the length of every waveguide of the array waveguide grating will adjust, in addition to the integral multiple phase difference equal to 2 π of a certain given channel wavelength is produced between adjacent waveguide, also to compensate the phase difference introduced by the input beam-splitting coupler, and in some waveguides, the π phase shifts needed for when the field distribution function of the junction of the generation pre-determined output coupler and Waveguide array is negative value. .23. a kind of Qi Group of asymmetric array waveguide grating device , into including：At least one input waveguide, it transmits the composite signal of multiple different wave lengths；One input beam-splitting coupler, is connected, and receive the composite signal from input waveguide with described input waveguide；An array Waveguide Gate, its by a plurality of different length waveguide Suo Group into, and with it is described input beam-splitting coupler be connected； One star-like focusing coupler, the described array waveguide grating of connection, the angle dispersion of the signal of different wave length is converted into the space displacement dispersion of a focal line by it；A plurality of output waveguide, it is coupled with the star-like focusing coupler, and each bar output waveguide tail end is just arranged on the focal line of star-like focusing coupler, and transmits the optical signal of a different wave length respectively；Characterized in that, the input beam-splitting coupler is the Y type waveguide couplers of 1 X of Grade more than one 2, the tail end of each waveguide of array waveguide grating is connected to the waveguide tail end of the coupler.24. the asymmetric array waveguide grating device as described in wooden fork profit requires 23,Characterized in that, the Y type waveguide couplers of 1 X of many Grade 2 described at least some have the nonequilibrium coefficient of coup, so make the energy for being coupled to every waveguide of described array waveguide grating that there is pre-determined distribution function.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2001/001158 WO2003005086A1 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2001-07-06 | Asymmetric arrayed waveguide grating device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1524191A true CN1524191A (en) | 2004-08-25 |
| CN1227548C CN1227548C (en) | 2005-11-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01823432.1A Expired - Fee Related CN1227548C (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2001-07-06 | Asymmetric array waveguide grating device |
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| CN (1) | CN1227548C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003005086A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100383582C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-04-23 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Method for realizing smooth output of array light-guide grating by 3dB coupling wave |
| CN101341430B (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2010-07-28 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | Arrayed waveguide grating circuit |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7065273B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | Intel Corporation | Wideband arrayed waveguide grating |
| US8208191B2 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2012-06-26 | Leigh University | Ultra-wide band slow light structure using plasmonic graded grating structures |
| CN114740568A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Array waveguide grating and manufacturing method thereof, transceiver and optical communication system |
| CN117170032A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-12-05 | 上海铭锟半导体有限公司 | Method for reducing AWG crosstalk and wavelength division multiplexing device thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2870499B2 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1999-03-17 | 日立電線株式会社 | Optical wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer |
| JP2858655B2 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1999-02-17 | 日立電線株式会社 | Optical wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer |
| GB2334594A (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 1999-08-25 | Fujitsu Telecommunications Eur | Arrayed waveguide grating device |
| JP3114698B2 (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 2000-12-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Array waveguide grating |
-
2001
- 2001-07-06 CN CN01823432.1A patent/CN1227548C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-06 WO PCT/CN2001/001158 patent/WO2003005086A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100383582C (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2008-04-23 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Method for realizing smooth output of array light-guide grating by 3dB coupling wave |
| CN101341430B (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2010-07-28 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | Arrayed waveguide grating circuit |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1227548C (en) | 2005-11-16 |
| WO2003005086A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
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