A kind of new type corrosion resistant zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy negative electrode material
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates in the chemical power source new zinc sill as negative pole
Background technology
Excellent characteristics such as zinc is low with its aboundresources, equilibrium potential, good reversibility, energy density height and environmental nonpollution are widely used as the negative material of chemical power source, as zinc-manganese (MnO
2) battery, zinc-Yin (Ag
2O) battery etc.Because nickel-zinc battery operating voltage higher (1.6V) but, nontoxic fast charging and discharging, operating temperature range wide (20-60 ℃), and be considered to a kind of comparatively ideal green power cell.But zinc electrode exists problems such as burn into inerting, distortion, dendrite, makes that zinc battery circulation volume decay is fast, self discharge is serious, cycle life is short, does not reach actual requirement.One of important channel that addresses these problems is the preferred of zinc electrode material, to suppress the inerting of zinc electrode burn into, distortion and liberation of hydrogen, the capacity and the life-span of realizing improving zinc battery.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of corrosion resistant zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy material, the zinc powder in order to part or all of replacement zinc battery negative electrode is used with corrosion resistance nature that improves negative pole and the distortion that reduces negative pole, prolongs shelf-lifeing and cycle life of zinc battery.Zinc battery comprises once or secondary zinc nickle battery, zinc manganese dioxide battery, zinc-silver oxide cell, zinc-air battery.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme of above-mentioned purpose has provided a kind of zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy material, this alloy material is by being made up of rare earth, aluminium, magnesium, zinc element, and each element atom weight percent is: rare earth 0.07-0.15, aluminium 0.1-0.7, magnesium 0.01-0.1, Yu Weixin.In fact rare earth, aluminium, magnesium, for the additive of zinc or be called inhibiter.Zinc is main component, and the purity of its zinc needs more than 99.995%.Rare earth can or be carried La, Pr and Ce mixed rare-earth LPC after cerium is carried neodymium with common light rare earths Mm.Their prescription is:
Mm: lanthanum/mishmetal 25-32%
Praseodymium/mishmetal 3-7%
Cerium/mishmetal 45-52%
Neodymium/mishmetal 9-17%
LPC: lanthanum/mishmetal>80%
Praseodymium/mishmetal 3-10%
Cerium/mishmetal 5-12%
Feature of the present invention has two:
1, the chemically reactive of rare earth metal is very strong, has to remove the effect of quickening zinc negative pole corrosive impurity such as sulphur, iron etc., and corrosion speed is reduced; Rare earth can form intermetallic compound with Zn, Al, Mg etc. again, the crystallization nucleus increases, structure refinement, evenly, reduce zinc electrode surface unevenness, reduce the difference of surperficial each point electrochemical activity, just reduced forming microbattery based on each point chemically reactive difference (some zone becomes the anode of corrosion microbattery because of current potential is lower, the other zone is its negative electrode) number, thereby reduce the corrosion certainly of zinc electrode.The corrosion of zinc electrode has not only consumed active substance, reduces capacity of negative plates, and the generation of gas may cause that inner pressure of battery increases, electrode expansion, reduction in work-ing life.Experimental result shows that this new type corrosion resistant zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy improves 1-3 doubly than the corrosion resistance of metallic zinc.
When 2, zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy negative electrode discharges, forming Zn (OH)
2The time, also can form Mg (OH)
2, Al (OH)
3And RE (OH)
3, these three kinds of oxyhydroxide by with Zn (OH)
2Effect forms Mg (OH)
22Zn (OH)
2, Al (OH)
32 Zn (OH)
2, RE (OH)
32Zn (OH)
2Compound, they can reduce the solubleness of ZnO in electrolytic solution, this and added Ca (OH) in the electrode in the past
2Form Ca (OH)
22Zn (OH)
22H
2The situation of O compound is similar, thereby reduces the distortion of zinc, increases the service life.
Embodiment:
The zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy negative electrode material that the present invention proposes, available two kinds of mishmetal Mm (common light rare earths) or LPC (mixed rare-earth) add the zinc alloy melting that contains aluminium, magnesium and form.
Illustrate the preparation of alloy material: each 2kg of industrial KCl, NaCl is mixed, be heated to 800 ℃ of fusings in the aluminum oxide of packing into the pincers pot, aluminium block 3kg is added in the above-mentioned fused salt in three batches, and every batch adds second batch after molten again, and molten fully back is incubated half an hour in 700 ℃ of-750 ℃ of scopes.The molybdenum system basketry that 0.5kg rare earth (Mm) and 0.25kg magnesium are housed is sunk to rotation at leisure in the molten aluminum pot, make whole fusings, form aluminium alloy, cast aluminium, magnesium, the little ingot of rare earth intermediate alloy.Pack into the zinc liquid (the graphite pincers pot of zinc ingot metal is housed with the resistance furnace heating) of putting into 440 ℃ of-460 ℃ of 500kg99.999% in the molybdenum basket of little ingot is slowly rotated master alloy and zinc alloy are melted, form required zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy.
The zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy that makes is tested its performance with two kinds of methods.
Performance test 1. usefulness linear time base sweep methods are measured zinc and the weak polarization curve of zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy in 0.5%NaCl solution, record characteristic parameter Ec (corrosion potential), ic (corrosion current) and the ba (electrode dissolving slope) that estimates corrosion resistance nature by it, be shown in following table:
RE represents rare earth
As seen from the above table: after adding rare earth, aluminium, magnesium, Ec all shuffle to some extent (illustrating that corrosion reaction is by retardation); Ic obviously reduces, and is best with the effect of adding rare earth especially; Ba also descends at double, illustrates that corrosion speed is slowed down.
The corrosive nature of performance test 2. zinc and zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy coating relatively.Zinc and zinc base rare earth aluminium magnesium alloy hot dipping on the steel body, are immersed in the 3%NaCl solution, and the corrosion weight loss amount with each sample of analytical balance weighing calculates the average weight loss (* 10 on the unit surface
-6G/mm
2), the result is as follows:
| Kind | 24 hours | 48 hours | 96 hours | 144 hours | 200 hours |
| ????Zn | ????3.50 | ????3.94 | ????5.14 | ????8.56 | ????12.01 |
| ????Zn-Al | ????3.10 | ????3.80 | ????4.67 | ????7.53 | ????10.81 |
| ??Zn-Al-Mm | ????2.46 | ????3.31 | ????3.72 | ????4.14 | ????5.42 |
| ??Zn-Al-LPC | ????2.40 | ????3.13 | ????3.64 | ????4.10 | ????5.40 |
As seen, a small amount of rare earth of interpolation and aluminium are greatly improved to the coating corrosion resistance nature in zinc, especially to add the most pronounced effects of common light rare earths Mm or La, Pr and Ce mixed rare-earth LPC.Zn-Al-LPC is better slightly than Zn-Al-Mm, and the price of LPC is lower than Mm, and stronger competitive capacity is arranged.
Find out from the sample macro morphology that soaks after 240 hours: the corrosion of zinc layer begins to the periphery diffusion from matrix border, and seriously corroded exposes matrix; And the corrosion of Zn-Al-Mm and Zn-Al-LPC coating is low more than pure zinc coating to the speed of periphery diffusion; Zn-Al coating has exposes matrix, and the corrosion of Zn-Al-Mm and Zn-Al-LPC is more even, and local heavy corrosion phenomenon does not take place.
Rare earth is a surfactant, and the tissue of zinc is had refining effect; Rare earth and zinc, aluminium, magnesium form intermetallic compound and are distributed in the effect of playing the pinning crystal boundary on the crystal boundary, hindering crystal boundary migration with the disperse form, thereby make that zinc granule attenuates, homogeneous microstructure, zinc layer each point electrochemical activity difference diminish, thereby reduced the corrosion of zinc.
Find out from X-ray spectrum, contain small amounts of Pb in the pure zinc coating
4SO
7, CrO
3Materials such as (Al, Fe, Si) H; And behind the adding rare earth, impurity obviously reduces mutually, and illustrating in the rare earth adding zinc has the effect of the impurity of purification, and these impurity have the bad influence of the zinc of acceleration corrosive.