CN1515090A - Optical communication transceriver and method for receiving and transmitting data - Google Patents
Optical communication transceriver and method for receiving and transmitting data Download PDFInfo
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- CN1515090A CN1515090A CNA038003732A CN03800373A CN1515090A CN 1515090 A CN1515090 A CN 1515090A CN A038003732 A CNA038003732 A CN A038003732A CN 03800373 A CN03800373 A CN 03800373A CN 1515090 A CN1515090 A CN 1515090A
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/40—Transceivers
- H04B10/43—Transceivers using a single component as both light source and receiver, e.g. using a photoemitter as a photoreceiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/12—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto
- H01L31/125—Composite devices with photosensitive elements and electroluminescent elements within one single body
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Abstract
An optical communications transceiver includes an LED coupled in series with a resistor. A microprocessor has one I/O pin connected to the LED. In a first mode or transmit mode, the LED is periodically driving in forward bias to emit light to transmit data. In a second or receive mode, the LED is periodically not driven in reverse bias, e.g., reverse bias or zero bias. Then, the LED is allowed to change charge of the capacitance of the LED's junction using a photo-current. The change in charge is measured using a timer. When the change in charge exceeds a predetermined threshold, input light is sensed. Thus, the LED can be used to receive data in the second mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in general to light-emitting diode (LED), relates more specifically to be used for the LED of bidirectional optical.
Background technology
Light-emitting diode (LED) low price and be widely used as light source.Their various application comprise digital demonstration, photoflash lamp, LCD backlight lamp, vehicles stop lamp, traffic signals, backlight, and almost on each electronic equipment and modern electrical equipment, generally use power up indicator lamp.
Because LED is as optical transmitting set the most frequently, be easy to forget that they can also be used as photodiode, i.e. photodetector.Although most LED are designed to optical transmitting set, rather than photodetector, all LED can work in these two kinds of patterns effectively.
Interchangeability between solid-state light emission and light detect has obtained description for the first time in the seventies in 20th century, but hereafter this point is just forgotten by LED user to a great extent, see " silicon connects: the arrival in electronic applications epoch (Siliconnections:Coming of Age in the Electronic Era) " that Mims writes, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1986, and " led circuit and engineering (LED Circuits andProjects) " Howard W.Same and Co. that Mims write, Inc., New York, NY, 1973.
When little electric current put on the diode with correct direction, when promptly having forward bias, light-emitting diode was launched and is positioned at the light within the frequency range that is rather narrow.Because I-E characteristic is an index, be difficult to carry out enough control accurately and obtain to want the electric current that obtains to being applied directly to voltage on the LED.
Therefore, must provide some device to limit electric current.In the discrete electrons system, this finishes by the resistance of placement of connecting with LED typically.Because most microprocessor I/O pins their electric currents that can export of absorbent current ratio want big, so the configuration shown in Fig. 1 is the most frequently used method by microprocessor or microcontroller driving LED.
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of typical prior art LED transmitter circuit 100.The resistance 103 that an I/O pin one 01 of microprocessor 100 is used to be used for limiting by use the magnitude of current absorbs the electric current that flows through LED 102.
Using the important application of LED is optical signal communications.In most prior art optical communication applications, LED is used in the transmitter, and photodiode is used in the receiver.In addition, each device is typically by the circuit individual drive of particular design.Photodiode is received in light signal in the specific narrow frequency range by specialized designs usually.Most photodiodes can not be luminous.Therefore, the circuit of a driving transmitter is arranged, and another is used to drive the circuit of receiver.This has increased the cost and the complexity of communication system.
Therefore, be desirable to provide and a kind ofly can be in optical communication system not only be used as transmitter but also be used as the light-emitting diode of receiver.
Summary of the invention
A kind of optical communication transceriver that comprises with the resistance LED coupled in series.Microprocessor has at least an I/O pin to link to each other with this LED.In first pattern or sending mode, thereby LED is periodically driven with forward bias and launches light and send data.In second pattern or receiving mode, LED is not periodically driven and is allowed to then use photoelectric current to change the electric charge of the electric capacity of LED knot with negative bias (for example negative bias or zero-bias).Use timer to measure change in charge.When change in charge surpassed a predetermined threshold value, input light obtained induction.Like this, LED can be used to receive data in second pattern.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of prior art optical transmitting set circuit;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to LED emitter/detector circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 a-c has shown respectively with forward bias, non-forward bias, and the circuit of Fig. 2 of these three kinds of pattern work of discharge mode.
Fig. 4 has shown a plurality of LED-based transceiver that connects in communication network;
Fig. 5 has shown the schematic diagram according to a kind of alternative embodiment of LED emitter/detector circuit of the present invention, and the embodiment of this replacement uses single I/O pin; And
Fig. 6 has shown that two transceivers are by the data of biconvex lens exchange through optical modulation.
Embodiment
Two-tube pin LED data transceiver
Fig. 2 has shown according to LED emitter/detector circuit of the present invention.Here, LED 202 and resistance 203 are connected in series between two I/O pin twos 01 of microprocessor or microcontroller 200.The two ends of LED/ resistance circuit 202-203 all are connected to microprocessor 200 now.Use conventional programming technique, the I/O pin can be set as low (0V), and high (5V), perhaps this pin is used as input.
Working mode figure 3a-c shown sort circuit be how to be operated in respectively forward bias or " light ", non-forward bias or " negative bias ", and " discharge " or respond in these three kinds of patterns.In the optical mode of Fig. 3 a, LED works in the conventional mode and launches light.The light of being launched can be subjected to modulation and send data.In the reverse bias mode of Fig. 3 b, normal polarity of transmission is switched to and makes the knot of diode be subjected to reverse biased.Then by the end in the discharge mode of release graphics 3c, that is, this end is made as the input of microprocessor, the photoproduction photoelectric current can be according to making the knot discharge optically with the proportional speed of the amount of the light that receives or sense.If the light of sensing is modulated, data can obtain receiving so.Capacitor discharge can easily obtain measuring.Because Q=CV, and C is known, and measuring change in charge in fact is exactly the variation of measuring voltage.
At some constantly, the voltage on the input pin surpasses predetermined input threshold value T.By clocking this shared time, the high-resolution that can obtain the induction light level is measured.This time measurement can be finished by counter in the microprocessor 200 210 or clock signal simply.For example, one increases counter 210 and alternatively up to the small program loops that surpasses this threshold value T.
Do not need the device that adds in a circuit according to the invention, and between sensitive period, only absorb minimum energy.By switching between emission and inductive mode, LED can carry out work as transmitter and receiver (transceiver) in optical communication network.
Fig. 4 has shown two such transceiver 401-402 that connected by optical link 403.This link 403 can be any transparent medium, for example air or optical fiber cable.
Single pin LED transceiver
Surprisingly, also might only make up single LED transceiver as shown in Figure 5 by the single I/O pin that uses microprocessor.
As shown in Figure 5, microprocessor or microcontroller 500 have an I/O pin 501 that is connected to the input of LED 502, and the output of this LED is connected to electric current limiting resistance 503.In sort circuit, can not make LED 502 negative bias as the circuit of above-mentioned Fig. 2.On the contrary, by establishing I/O pin 501 for low, LED is a zero-bias by short circuit.
Then, pin 501 is set as input, and it charges to the LED junction capacitance when sensing the photoelectric current that incident light causes.This process continues always, makes knot be subjected to enough forward biases up to the voltage of striding LED and comes effectively all photoelectric currents in the LED all to be used up.If make this voltage surpass a predetermined numeral input threshold value, can adopt with above-mentioned same basic timing technology and receive data.
But this is the restriction of a difficulty.Red, green, the orange and yellow LED of standard typically " opens " near 2V at 1.5V, and this is usually less than numeral input threshold value of 5V system, and this 5V system is microprocessor 500 for example.But, blue LED, and some newer high-brightness LEDs can have the forward voltage drop of about 3V, the enough height of this pressure drop allow charging to surpass the input threshold value.Low-voltage system as 3V system or lower electrical voltage system, has lower input threshold value, so their easier influences that is subjected to this technology.
In addition, the circuit among Fig. 5 is better than the circuit among Fig. 2 usually, and this is that threshold value is biased to more usually because compare with power vd D.Should be noted that when like that resistance was connected to I/O pin 501 as shown in fig. 1, the form of single pin can be operated in the reverse bias mode.
The advantage of this pin transceiver is also can be carried out work as transceiver in a manner described by changing firmware or software simply now by any suitable LED indicating device (such example has a lot) that the single pin of microprocessor drives.Do not need hardware is made a change.Therefore, just standard LED indicating device is upgraded to by software change can also be as transceiver.This embodiment also is applicable to the wherein system of the limited amount of I/O pin.
Two-way communication
In a kind of communications applications, two phase-locked to each other and two-way exchange pulse-width modulation data of asynchronous transceiver.In this agreement, two receivers take turns to operate in the pattern of transmitting and receiving, and a relatively short light pulse indication 0 or an absent-subscriber condition, and a relatively long light pulse indication 1 or a flag state.
Idle cycle
This agreement starts from idle cycle, and this moment, transceiver was carried out idle cycle.In this idle cycle, transceiver sends the back with 1 millisecond of light pulse that 4 milliseconds of receiving cycles are arranged.During receiving cycle, transceiver is carried out repeatedly photo measure.These photo measures only provide the resolution of 1 bit, and promptly no matter incident flux is higher than or is lower than a predetermined threshold value, and nominal is about 1.5V.
Synchronous circulation
Idle cycle continues always, up to continuous at least two Measuring Time indications " seeing light ".At this moment, the transceiver hypothesis has detected the light incident pulse from another transceiver, and switches to faster a little synchronous circulation from the idle cycle state.During synchronous circulation, the light pulse of emission still is 1 millisecond " opening ", but its heel has the photo measure of variable number.When in synchronous circulation the time, microprocessor after the measurement of predetermined quantity or detect light pulse back along the time end measuring assembly.All indicate " seeing light " back when 10 measurements that do not have " seeing light " are arranged when a pair of next-door neighbour's measurement, think and found back edge.
Therefore, the executive mode in the synchronous circulation comprises: the LED of a transceiver opens 1 millisecond, is 1 millisecond period that two LED close then, is that the LED of another transceiver opens 1 millisecond subsequently, and is that two LED close 1 millisecond at last.Even these two transceivers have the clock frequency error up to 25%, they still can be synchronous.The synchronize loop pulse rate of nominal is 250Hz, and its duty ratio is 25%.
Data communication
In communication period, data bit sends according to asynchronous form.For example, 1 millisecond of light pulse cue mark and 0.5 millisecond of light pulse indication idle bit.System is normally unloaded in the emission mark bit.Here, the operation of transfer of data circulation is identical with the operation of synchronous circulation.During transfer of data, form allows synchronously for having 16 marks at least, single idle bit bit to start with then, and its heel has 8 Bit datas, and its heel has a mark as stopping bit.This and common 8-N-1 RS-232 form are similar.
For the light pulse of decoding, receive transceiver and the execution that is used for each synchronous circulation " seeing light " measured count.If count down to 7 or still less see photo measure, write down an idle bit so; If count down to 8 or more pulse, write down a mark so.Can carry out the common asynchronous frame (deframing) of separating, promptly can carry out discarding the mark that anterior idle bit begins bit and afterbody and stop bit.Then, these consequent 8 bit data word are available to the application layer program.Simple data communication can also be used in combination with error correction and encryption.Other optical communications protocols also is possible.
As shown in FIG. 6, wherein two transceivers 601 so that the electric communication link of isolating of going up to be provided, can obtain to surpass the data rate of 1MHz by the data of biconvex lens 602 exchanges through optical modulation.
Programmable key
Can also be used as programmable key and programmable lock according to transceiver of the present invention.Although many other technology are used to Intelligent key, as RFID, card key etc., according to not needs physics contact of transceiver of the present invention, so not wearing and tearing, this is unlike in some card key systems like that, and transceiver according to the present invention does not have magnetic stripe.Different with the RF system, it can be made into directive and short-range, makes the user have control completely to the system of want release.This allows single key can be used for a plurality of different locks, and can not occur for no other reason than that be locked in neighbouring and the lock of this mistake has been carried out release.Because transceiver is inherently two-way, can use inquiry and response and cryptographic protocol, this can so that key very difficulty be replicated or deceive.The visible features of LED is examined and is allowed some user interfaces.At least, the user can judge transceiver easily and whether whether not have electricity in work or battery.In addition, when as key the time, transceiver can also carry out work as photoflash lamp simultaneously.
Perhaps, the most interesting advantage is that this transceiver can carry out peer-to-peer communications.Any transceiver can transmit information or verify another transceiver to another transceiver.In this case, transceiver can be learned a kind of PUK, and this sign indicating number is delivered to other transceiver.The ability of this transmission information is unique, and smart card or RFID label do not have this ability.
Checking and safety
The peer capabilities of transmission information in some applications, or checking is wished.In other application, for example finance and other secure transactions are verified and the no less important of transfer of data own, and must prevent the transmission of uncontrolled checking.A bad side effect of the programmable features of transceiver is exactly to guarantee that another transceiver will consider any " the transmitting " data label that may be inserted by application program.The checking that can not transmit and the proof of identification that can not forge are the difficult problems with a lot of delicate factors.
But simple cryptography is possible and can be used to make transceivers transactions not eavesdropped and deceive.Employed microprocessor has enough abilities and carries out common symmetric encipherment algorithm.This requires transmitter and receiver to share a key, and therefore the communication between any two transceivers obtains configuration in advance.Transceiver can be equipped with enough memories to hold many symmetric cryptographic key and therefore can be set to can with a plurality of other transceiver communication.
Zero knowledge check
Zero knowledge check (ZKP) and public keys (perhaps asymmetric) enciphered method makes transceiver can prove its identity safely and communicates with any transceiver that can visit disclosed information, see " application encipher art (Applied Cryptography) " second edition that Schneier writes, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1996, pp.101-111.Do not need the secret shared.
Use can easily be converted to communication transceiver with any LED according to transceiver of the present invention.This has widely uses, because LED is widely used as adding electrical indicator in the transceiver based on microprocessor.Indicating device does not directly link to each other with power supply by electric wire usually, but is connected to power supply by microprocessor, can obtain minimum user interface, as some flicker.
Next be some application that to use according to LED transceiver of the present invention.
Its power lights that can glimmer is indicated the CRT monitor of low-yield " sleep " state.Newer CRT monitor is equipped with USB usually, all is to be used for controlling the monitor setting.Adding can provide complete data path from power LED near computer according to transceiver circuit of the present invention, allows transceiver to be used as key, as described above.This can be used to substitute, and password comes log into thr computer or make with password and to be used for log into thr computer, and perhaps this can be used as the encryption authorization transceiver that is used for ecommerce.A kind of similar techniques can be used with the keyboard indicator lamp.
Use transceiver, the user can be by duplicating the comprehensive diagnostic state of the electrical equipment that breaks down for LED switches on, and this diagnostic message is transferred to services sites.Do not need special display or connector on this electrical equipment.
By using power indicator or the LED-backlit lamp of cell phone, PDA etc., transceiver can be used to exchanging telephone number or other personal information.An interesting application is that transceiver is embedded in the toy, in stuffed animal, makes these toys " communication " mutually.
Although invention has been described for the example by preferred embodiment, be appreciated that and in spirit of the present invention and field, make various other change and modifications.Therefore, the purpose of appended claim is all changes and the modification that is encompassed within true spirit of the present invention and the scope.
Claims (14)
1. optical communication transceriver comprises:
Thereby be used for forward bias periodically driving LED launch the device that light sends data; And
Be used for not with the forward bias device of driving LED periodically, thereby and the electric charge that is used for changing optically after not with driven in forward bias LED the electric capacity of LED subsequently come the level of measuring light to receive the device of data.
2. the transceiver of claim 1, wherein this LED drives with negative bias and carries out the level that capacitor discharge comes measuring light with photoelectric current then.
3. the transceiver of claim 1, wherein this LED drives with zero-bias and carries out the level that electric capacity charges with measuring light with photoelectric current then.
4. the transceiver of claim 1 further comprises a plurality of transceivers that connect by transparent medium.
5. the transceiver of claim 1 further comprises:
Phase-locking device is used to make transceiver and another transceiver synchronous.
6. the transceiver of claim 1, wherein first transceiver is embedded in the programmable key, and second transceiver is embedded in the programmable lock.
7. the transceiver of claim 1, wherein LED carries out work as the energising indicating device in addition radiative the time.
8. the transceiver of claim 1, wherein LED carries out work as photoflash lamp radiative the time.
9. the transceiver of claim 1, wherein LED is embedded in the electrical equipment.
10. the transceiver of claim 1, wherein LED is embedded in the toy.
11. an optical communication transceriver comprises:
With the resistance LED coupled in series;
Microprocessor has an I/O pin that is connected to described LED and the 2nd I/O pin that is connected to described resistance;
Thereby be used for periodically driving described LED and launch the device that light sends data with forward bias;
Be used for periodically driving the device of described LED with negative bias; And
Thereby be used for after driving described LED, making optically LED to discharge the level of measuring light to receive the device of data with negative bias.
12. an optical communication transceriver comprises:
With the resistance LED coupled in series;
Microprocessor has I/O pin that is connected to described LED and the ground that is connected to described resistance;
Thereby be used for by set this I/O pin for high with forward bias periodically driving LED launch the device that light sends data;
Be used for by set this I/O pin for low with zero-bias driving LED periodically, and set the device that this I/O pin charges to LED optically for input then; And
The level that is used for measuring light receives the device of data.
13. an optical communication transceriver comprises:
With the resistance LED coupled in series;
Microprocessor has I/O pin that is connected to described resistance and the ground that is connected to described LED;
Thereby be used for by set this I/O pin for high with forward bias periodically driving LED launch the device that light sends data;
Be used for by set this I/O pin for low with zero-bias driving LED periodically, and set the device that this I/O pin charges to LED optically for input then; And
The level that is used for measuring light receives the device of data.
14. a method that is used for transceive data comprises:
Thereby with forward bias periodically driving LED launch light and send data;
Not with forward bias driving LED periodically, and the electric charge that changes the electric capacity of LED after not with driven in forward bias LED optically;
Thereby the level of measuring charging comes measuring light to receive data.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/115,299 | 2002-04-03 | ||
| US10/115,299 US6664744B2 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2002-04-03 | Automatic backlight for handheld devices |
| US10/126,761 US7072587B2 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2002-04-19 | Communication using bi-directional LEDs |
| US10/126,761 | 2002-04-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1515090A true CN1515090A (en) | 2004-07-21 |
| CN100393006C CN100393006C (en) | 2008-06-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB038003732A Expired - Fee Related CN100393006C (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2003-03-28 | Optical communication transceriver and method for receiving and transmitting data |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2005522089A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100393006C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003084102A1 (en) |
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| CN102722923A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Quick-response photonic key |
| CN102723997A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Light signal emission terminal |
| CN102722927A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Photon key with long communication distance |
| CN102760314A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-31 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Light-operated key |
| CN104038285A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-10 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) based indoor visible light communication node and two-way communication system |
| CN105680939A (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2016-06-15 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Intrinsic flux sensing |
| CN105812055A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-27 | 中国科学技术大学 | Half-duplex time divisionbidirectional visible light communication method and system of RGB LED module |
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| KR100639343B1 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2006-10-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | mobile communication terminal having a copy prevention function and controlling method therefore |
| US8582973B2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2013-11-12 | Nikon Corporation | Data communication apparatus, electronic camera, and data communication system |
| WO2009060373A1 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A luminaire, a control device and a method for controlling a luminaire |
| US8310490B2 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2012-11-13 | Tandberg Data Corporation | Display for information storage module |
| KR101379968B1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2014-04-01 | 단국대학교 산학협력단 | Apparatus, system and method for communicating data using light |
| EP2904878A1 (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2015-08-12 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Verifying the authenticity of a lighting device |
| US8942564B2 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-01-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for communicating information using visible light signals and/or radio signals |
| EP2819326A1 (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2014-12-31 | Alcatel Lucent | Optical transceiver for use in low bitrate communication systems |
| US10048123B2 (en) | 2015-01-08 | 2018-08-14 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Electronic device including light detection circuit |
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2003
- 2003-03-28 WO PCT/JP2003/004015 patent/WO2003084102A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-03-28 JP JP2003581384A patent/JP2005522089A/en active Pending
- 2003-03-28 CN CNB038003732A patent/CN100393006C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105680939A (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2016-06-15 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Intrinsic flux sensing |
| CN102722923A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Quick-response photonic key |
| CN102723997A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Light signal emission terminal |
| CN102722927A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Photon key with long communication distance |
| CN102722927B (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2015-05-27 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Photon key with long communication distance |
| CN102722923B (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2016-06-29 | 深圳光启智能光子技术有限公司 | The photon key that can quickly respond |
| CN102760314A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-31 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Light-operated key |
| CN102760314B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-12-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Light-operated key |
| CN104038285A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-10 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) based indoor visible light communication node and two-way communication system |
| CN108781337A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-11-09 | 索诺瓦公司 | Hearing devices, hearing devices system and the method executed in hearing devices |
| CN105812055A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-27 | 中国科学技术大学 | Half-duplex time divisionbidirectional visible light communication method and system of RGB LED module |
| CN110945637A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2020-03-31 | 特索罗科技有限公司 | Light Emitting Diode (LED) testing apparatus and method of manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005522089A (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| CN100393006C (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| WO2003084102A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
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