CN1512205A - Method for producing optic fiber grating of arbitrary wave length valve and wave length interval reflective spectrum - Google Patents
Method for producing optic fiber grating of arbitrary wave length valve and wave length interval reflective spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN1512205A CN1512205A CNA021595852A CN02159585A CN1512205A CN 1512205 A CN1512205 A CN 1512205A CN A021595852 A CNA021595852 A CN A021595852A CN 02159585 A CN02159585 A CN 02159585A CN 1512205 A CN1512205 A CN 1512205A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the making process of optical fiber grating with arbitrary wavelength and arbitrary wavelength interval reflective spectrum. Amplitude grating with transmissibility modulation function the same as the reflecting spectrum distribution function of the required optical fiber grating is selected and used to diffract the vertically incident parallel ultraviolet ray, and the diffracted ultraviolet ray is converged with a quartz lens to obtain ultraviolet ray distributing function as the first Fourier transformation of transmissibility modulation function of the amplitude grating in the back focus plane of the lens. The converged ultraviolet ray is used to expose the photosensitive optical fiber via the phase mask plate in the back focus plane. The present invention is significant in the industrialization of optical fiber grating with arbitrary wavelength and arbitrary wavelength interval reflective spectrum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optoelectronic Fiber Bragg Grating technology, the fiber grating method for making of particularly a kind of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum.
Background technology
Fiber grating is a kind of new optical fibre device, its starting material are the optical fiber with photosensitivity, the basic method for making of fiber grating is to adopt ultraviolet ray that light-sensitive optical fibre is exposed, make the refractive index cyclical variation vertically of light-sensitive optical fibre, this light-sensitive optical fibre with refractive index cycle variation structure just is called fiber grating.Fiber grating forms strong reflection at the wavelength place that satisfies Bragg condition, has the narrow-band filtering characteristic, and this specific character has a wide range of applications in optical fiber communication and sensor field.
The structure of multistage grating formation periodic arrangement is called sampled fiber grating in same fiber grating.Sampled fiber grating can be realized the multi-wavelength reflection, forms comb filtering.Usually the reflectivity of each reflection wavelength of sampled fiber grating is unequal, and has secondary lobe near each reflection peak, has a strong impact on its application.The problem that solves the secondary lobe of reflection peak both sides and reflectivity equilibrium becomes the key that can this device practicability.In order to solve the reflectivity equalization problem, the Englishman has proposed to adopt the method for sinc sampling function exposure, and tests, and has obtained the identical sampling reflectance spectrum of each wavelength reflectivity.But the experimental technique that they adopt has great difficulty in realization, and sinc sampling function adjacent in the manufacturing process needs strict phase matching, and very high to the exposure accuracy requirement, the secondary lobe problem of each reflection peak both sides also need take other measures to cut toe.
At present, adopt several method for makings to make different reflectance spectrum fiber gratings.The single channel fiber grating filter adopts the generation that directly exposes of phase mask version method usually, and its method mainly is divided into two kinds: a kind of is the static bundle exposure of expanding, and another kind is a scan exposure.Two kinds of methods all need to cut the toe exposure-processed, can obtain not having the lobe reflections Bragg grating.Need before the phase mask version, add amplitude grating sampling exposure for multi-channel fiber Bragg grating, still need strictly cut the toe exposure-processed in the exposure process, counting sampled fiber grating as stationary conduit need be by accurately phase matching sinc sampling function exposure realization.Therefore,, can't make the scarce level sampled fiber grating that can be used for Wavelength-encoding, or can be used for the variable duty cycle sampled fiber grating etc. of optical communication system chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope compensation by said method.Adopt phase mask version legal system to make the ordinary optic fibre grating and realize, do not introduce amplitude grating and modulate by direct exposure.When making sampled fiber grating, place amplitude grating before the phase mask version and sample, because the secondary lobe problem of reflection peak both sides can't obtain the reflectance spectrum fiber grating identical with amplitude grating transmitance modulating function at all.
Fig. 1 shows the general index path of making the sampling grating fibers, as shown in Figure 1: the directional light 101 that expands after restrainting is injected amplitude grating 102 formation diffraction spectrums, expose after phase mask version 103 and light-sensitive optical fibre 104 be placed on amplitude grating 102, obtain sampled fiber grating thus.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide the fiber grating method for making of a kind of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum, obtain the required fiber grating of practical application.
In order to achieve the above object, the fiber grating method for making that a kind of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum are provided of the present invention, obtain the required fiber grating of practical application, adopt parallel ultraviolet vertical irradiation amplitude grating, utilize amplitude grating that the incident parallel ultraviolet is carried out diffraction, by the phase mask version light-sensitive optical fibre is exposed, it is characterized in that this method further comprises following steps:
A, to select the transmitance modulating function be the identical amplitude grating of fiber grating reflectance spectrum distribution function with required random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum, between this amplitude grating and phase mask version, quartz lens is set, quartz lens converges the diffraction light of described amplitude grating, and the optical field distribution function on the quartz lens back focal plane is a Fourier transform of described amplitude grating transmitance modulating function;
B, converge light and light-sensitive optical fibre is exposed by placing the phase mask version on the quartz lens back focal plane, the mean refractive index modulating function of this light-sensitive optical fibre is the optical field distribution function on the quartz lens back focal plane, the reflectance spectrum distribution function of fiber grating is the secondary Fourier transform of amplitude grating transmitance modulating function, promptly is reduced to the transmitance modulating function of amplitude grating.
Steps A further comprises: selecting the transmitance modulating function is the N passage amplitude grating identical with the reflectance spectrum distribution function of required any N passage reflectance spectrum fiber grating.
This method further comprises: when making any hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating, selecting the transmitance modulating function is the identical amplitude grating of reflectance spectrum distribution function with required any hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating.
This method further comprises: the wavelength interval of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating
Wherein: τ is the cycle of vibration amplitude type transmission grating; λ is the centre wavelength of phase mask version; n
fMean refractive index for fiber grating; λ
UvWavelength for the Ultra-Violet Laser light source; F is the focal length of quartz lens.
This method further comprises: when making single channel reflectance spectrum fiber grating, select the transmitance modulating function to be and the identical single channel amplitude grating (being single seam) of required single channel reflectance spectrum fiber grating reflectance spectrum distribution function.
Steps A further comprises: amplitude grating and quartz lens stick together;
Step B further comprises: phase mask version and light-sensitive optical fibre stick together.
Amplitude grating comprises vibration amplitude type transmission grating and amplitude type reflection grating.
The present invention has guaranteed the phase matching of adjacent sinc sampling function theoretically, and the sinc function that can form whole fiber grating is simultaneously cut toe, need not to add and cut toe, the light-sensitive optical fibre single exposure just can obtain the no lobe reflections Bragg grating of uniformity, manufacturing process simple and flexible.The present invention can make single channel and hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating under same light path condition, the number of wavelengths of fiber grating and wavelength interval can be adjusted as required.The fiber grating manufacturing process of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum is simple, can solve the secondary lobe problem of reflectivity equilibrium and each reflection peak simultaneously.
Adopt method provided by the invention, amplitude grating that can be by adopting different seam numbers is to the light-sensitive optical fibre exposure of sampling, the sampled fiber grating of making different wave length number.The method exposure accuracy of making random wave long number provided by the invention and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating requires low, simple.Adopt method provided by the invention, can easily make the fiber grating that in the past can't make, as can be used for the scarce level sampled fiber grating of Wavelength-encoding, or can be used for the variable duty cycle sampled fiber grating etc. of optical communication system chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope compensation.
For optimal random wave long number and wavelength interval fiber grating reflectance spectrum is exactly on all four rectangle square wave, adopts method provided by the invention can be easy to realize.Owing to introduce quartz lens among the present invention, quartz lens can carry out Fourier transform with amplitude grating transmitance distribution function, the reflectance spectrum distribution function of fiber grating is the Fourier transform of light-sensitive optical fibre mean refractive index modulating function, is reduced to amplitude grating transmitance modulating function behind twice Fourier transform.And the characteristics of amplitude grating transmitance modulating function make the reflectance spectrum of fiber grating reach the purpose of cutting toe.So, can make corresponding amplitude grating according to required fiber grating.Make the fiber grating of required number of wavelengths and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum by making the transmitance modulating function amplitude grating identical, and the amplitude grating of making this transmitance modulating function is very easy with required fiber grating reflectance spectrum distribution function.The making of amplitude grating is simple, cost is lower, make technology maturation, the process stabilizing of amplitude grating, be easy to realize producing in batches, therefore be easy to form the batch process of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating, significant to the industrialization of fiber grating.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the general index path of making the sampling grating fibers;
Fig. 2 shows the index path of making random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum grating fibers according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the reflectance spectrum distribution function image of N channel wave long number fiber grating and makes required vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmittance function image;
Fig. 4 shows single slit diffraction sinc function and cuts toe dispersion compensator reflectance spectrum and time lag curve figure.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 shows the index path of making random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum grating fibers according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 2: the vibration amplitude type transmission grating 203 that places before the quartz lens 204 vertically injected parallel ultraviolet 202 by ultraviolet laser 201, quartz lens 204 is crossed in diffraction light transmission through vibration amplitude type transmission grating 203, on quartz lens 204 back focal planes, form not bright and the fraunhofer-diffraction spectrum, phase mask version 103 and light-sensitive optical fibre 104 are sticked together to place on quartz lens 204 back focal planes expose.Adopt quartz lens 204 can guarantee the ultraviolet light of vibration amplitude type transmission grating 203 diffraction is carried out Fourier transform, its size and vibration amplitude type transmission grating 203 quite or big slightly must guarantee that all diffraction lights can both transmissive.Vibration amplitude type transmission grating 203 is nearer apart with quartz lens 204, can guarantee the more light that quartz lens 204 receives.
Ultimate principle of the present invention has been compared very big difference with the principle of prior art.Describe technical scheme of the present invention below in detail.
Ultraviolet laser is vertically injected vibration amplitude type transmission grating with parallel ultraviolet, and vibration amplitude type transmission grating carries out diffraction to the ultraviolet light of incident, and diffraction light converges through quartz lens.The optical field distribution function of quartz lens back focal plane is the Fourier transform of vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function.Phase mask version and light-sensitive optical fibre sticked together place the back focal plane of quartz lens to expose.Because quartz lens carries out Fourier transform to vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function, the mean refractive index modulating function of light-sensitive optical fibre is the optical field distribution function on the quartz lens back focal plane, so the reflectance spectrum distribution function of fiber grating is the secondary Fourier transform of amplitude grating transmitance modulating function, through behind twice Fourier transform, be reduced to the transmitance modulating function of vibration amplitude type transmission grating.
According to principle of the present invention, can select vibration amplitude type transmission grating to make this fiber grating according to required number of wavelengths reflectance spectrum fiber grating.The reflectance spectrum distribution function of the fiber grating that obtains is identical with the transmitance modulating function of vibration amplitude type transmission grating, the characteristics of vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function make the reflectance spectrum of fiber grating reach the purpose of cutting toe, do not need to take other measures to cut toe again.
The method that provides according to the invention described above, can determine the transmitance modulating function of vibration amplitude type transmission grating according to the reflectance spectrum distribution function of required random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating, make the transmitance modulating function of vibration amplitude type transmission grating identical with the reflectance spectrum distribution function of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating, introduce quartz lens and carry out Fourier transform, make random wave long number identical and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating with vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function.
The reflectance spectrum fiber grating of making the N passage need adopt corresponding N seam number vibration amplitude type transmission grating, and gained fiber grating reflectance spectrum has N reflection wavelength, and there is certain relation in the cycle of reflection wavelength interval and vibration amplitude type transmission grating.
Determine the transmitance modulating function of vibration amplitude type transmission grating according to the reflectance spectrum distribution function of required random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating, the vibration amplitude type transmission grating that making has this transmitance modulating function is very easy, therefore makes the fiber grating manufacturing process of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum simple.
When making hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating (being sampled fiber grating), sampling grating fibers reflectance spectrum distribution function that obtains at first as required and relevant experiment condition, as the Ultra-Violet Laser optical source wavelength, quartz lens focal length etc., design corresponding vibration amplitude type transmission grating, utilize vibration amplitude type transmission grating to distribute in the not bright and fraunhofer-diffraction spectrum of quartz lens back focal plane, sampled fiber grating is made in exposure, owing to form the sampling of sinc function simultaneously and sinc function envelope is cut toe at this quartz lens back focal plane behind the plane grating diffraction, each the wavelength reflectivity of sampled fiber grating that obtains by this exposure method is identical and do not have a secondary lobe.
For multi-channel fiber Bragg grating, this multichannel wavelength interval and the relation during vibration amplitude type transmission grating week are provided by following formula according to the Fourier transform theory:
Wherein: Δ λ is the wavelength interval of sampled fiber grating; τ is the cycle of vibration amplitude type transmission grating; λ is the centre wavelength of phase mask version; n
fMean refractive index for fiber grating; λ
UvWavelength for the Ultra-Violet Laser light source; F is the focal length of quartz lens.
Making is used for the hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating of dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) optical communication system, the vibration amplitude type transmission grating that N seam arranged with the parallel ultraviolet irradiation, after quartz lens converges, optical field distribution function on the quartz lens back focal plane is the Fourier transform of vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function, form not bright and fraunhofer-diffraction field distribution at the quartz lens back focal plane, phase mask version and light-sensitive optical fibre sticked together place quartz lens back focal plane diffractional field to expose, make the hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating of N approximate rectangular reflection peak.
If τ=0.4 millimeter, f=200 millimeter, λ=1.55 micron, n
f=1.447, λ
Uv=0.248 micron, according to hyperchannel reflectance spectrum optic fiber grating wavelength at interval with vibration amplitude type transmission grating week during relation to calculate the reflectance spectrum wavelength interval be 0.8 micron.
With the vibration amplitude type transmission grating that designs, quartz lens, phase mask version and light-sensitive optical fibre are fixed on the optical table according to the design light path, with parallel Ultra-Violet Laser light source vertical irradiation to vibration amplitude type transmission grating, after quartz lens converges, optical field distribution function on the quartz lens back focal plane is the Fourier transform of vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function, quartz lens back focal plane place forms not bright and fraunhofer-diffraction field, phase mask version and light-sensitive optical fibre are sticked together on the back focal plane that places quartz lens, through correct exposure, the reflectance spectrum distribution function that can access sampled fiber grating is identical with vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function.
Fig. 3 shows the reflectance spectrum distribution function image of N channel wave long number fiber grating and makes required vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmittance function image.Fig. 3 (a) shows vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmittance function image, wherein transverse axis is time span (Z), the longitudinal axis is transmitance (T), transmissivity that can transmission is 1, transmissivity that can not transmission is 0, along transverse axis Z direction N seam arranged, the time interval between per two seams is τ, i.e. the cycle of vibration amplitude type transmission grating; Fig. 3 (b) shows the reflectance spectrum distribution function image of N passage reflectance spectrum fiber grating, wherein transverse axis is wavelength (λ), the longitudinal axis is reflectivity (R), can obtain N approximate rectangular ideally-reflecting peak along transverse axis λ direction according to the present invention, and per two peak-to-peak wavelength intervals of reflection are Δ λ.The reflectance spectrum distribution function that this shows hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating is identical with vibration amplitude type transmission grating transmitance modulating function.
The present invention can substitute vibration amplitude type transmission grating with a slit and produce the single channel fiber grating of cutting toe, and ultimate principle is identical with performing step with above-mentioned making sampled fiber grating ultimate principle with performing step.
The mask of warbling of employing cycle variation substitutes vibration amplitude type transmission grating with a slit and can obtain the reflectance spectrum fiber grating filter that the sinc function is cut toe, if can obtain shaking very little dispersion compensator.Fig. 4 shows single slit diffraction sinc function and cuts toe dispersion compensator reflectance spectrum and time lag curve figure, as shown in Figure 4: adopt the fiber grating method for making of random wave long number of the present invention and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum to make single channel reflectance spectrum fiber grating, can access the fiber grating reflectivity curve 401 and the time lag curve 402 that meet practical requirement.
Can adopt the amplitude type reflection grating to make random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating among the present invention equally, vibration amplitude type transmission grating and amplitude type reflection grating are referred to as amplitude grating.
The present invention also can adopt various phase gratings to make corresponding random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating, and ultimate principle is identical with foregoing, only needs to improve to some extent on algorithm.
In a word, the above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, the method for making of a kind of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating, adopt parallel ultraviolet vertical irradiation amplitude grating, utilize amplitude grating that the incident parallel ultraviolet is carried out diffraction, by the phase mask version light-sensitive optical fibre is exposed, it is characterized in that this method further comprises following steps:
A, to select the transmitance modulating function be the identical amplitude grating of fiber grating reflectance spectrum distribution function with required random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum, between this amplitude grating and phase mask version, quartz lens is set, quartz lens converges the diffraction light of described amplitude grating, and the optical field distribution function on the quartz lens back focal plane is a Fourier transform of described amplitude grating transmitance modulating function;
B, converge light and light-sensitive optical fibre is exposed by placing the phase mask version on the quartz lens back focal plane, the mean refractive index modulating function of this light-sensitive optical fibre is the optical field distribution function on the quartz lens back focal plane, the reflectance spectrum distribution function of fiber grating is the secondary Fourier transform of amplitude grating transmitance modulating function, promptly is reduced to the transmitance modulating function of amplitude grating.
2, the fiber grating method for making of random wave long number according to claim 1 and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum is characterized in that described steps A further comprises: selecting the transmitance modulating function is the N passage amplitude grating identical with the reflectance spectrum distribution function of required any N passage reflectance spectrum fiber grating.
3, the method for making of random wave long number according to claim 2 and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating, it is characterized in that this method further comprises: when making any hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating, selecting the transmitance modulating function is the identical amplitude grating of reflectance spectrum distribution function with required any hyperchannel reflectance spectrum fiber grating.
4, the fiber grating method for making of random wave long number according to claim 3 and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum is characterized in that this method further comprises: the wavelength interval of random wave long number and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum fiber grating
Wherein: τ is the cycle of vibration amplitude type transmission grating; λ is the centre wavelength of phase mask version; n
fMean refractive index for fiber grating; λ
UvWavelength for the Ultra-Violet Laser light source; F is the focal length of quartz lens.
5, the fiber grating method for making of random wave long number according to claim 2 and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum, it is characterized in that this method further comprises: when making single channel reflectance spectrum fiber grating, select the transmitance modulating function to be and the identical single channel amplitude grating of required single channel reflectance spectrum fiber grating reflectance spectrum distribution function.
6, the fiber grating method for making of random wave long number according to claim 1 and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum, it is characterized in that described steps A further comprises: amplitude grating and quartz lens stick together.
7, the fiber grating method for making of random wave long number according to claim 1 and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum, it is characterized in that described step B further comprises: phase mask version and light-sensitive optical fibre stick together.
8, the fiber grating method for making of random wave long number according to claim 1 and wavelength interval reflectance spectrum is characterized in that described amplitude grating comprises vibration amplitude type transmission grating and amplitude type reflection grating.
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| CN 02159585 CN1228653C (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2002-12-31 | Method for producing optic fiber grating of arbitrary wave length valve and wave length interval reflective spectrum |
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| CN 02159585 CN1228653C (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2002-12-31 | Method for producing optic fiber grating of arbitrary wave length valve and wave length interval reflective spectrum |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100395572C (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2008-06-18 | 西安盛佳光电有限公司 | Polarization maintaining fiber apodization grating production method |
| CN106680930A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-17 | 扬州大学 | Gaussian sampling optical fiber grating for picoseconds delay line and preparation method |
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2002
- 2002-12-31 CN CN 02159585 patent/CN1228653C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100395572C (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2008-06-18 | 西安盛佳光电有限公司 | Polarization maintaining fiber apodization grating production method |
| CN106680930A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-17 | 扬州大学 | Gaussian sampling optical fiber grating for picoseconds delay line and preparation method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1228653C (en) | 2005-11-23 |
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