CN1508417A

CN1508417A - Two-way cylcle internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN1508417A
Application number: CNA031040373A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 柴文龙
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-12-14
Filing date: 2003-02-14
Publication date: 2004-06-30

Abstract

The invention is an internal combustion engine which supplies the mechanical energy mainly by internal combustion circular and the secondly by circular of engine cylinder body, cylinder cover heat elimination and residue pressure. Its main constituent is engine body, gas compressor, heat exchanger, H pile, gearbox, air turbine and condenser. The air is compressed into the H pipe by the compressor, and then the air firstly enters into the heat exchanger 1 to absorb the residue heat of waste gas, then enters into the engine gas cover to absorb heat through gas-distributing device, then enters the heat exchanger 2, finally enters the air turbine.

Description

Two-way circulation type IC engine

Technical field: a kind of based on internal combustion cycle [first via], be the auxilliary internal-combustion engine that mechanical energy is provided with the circulation [the second tunnel] that utilizes cylinder of internal-combustion engine (containing cylinder block, cylinder liner and cylinder head, down together) heat radiation and exhaust heat, overbottom pressure to carry out.

Background technique: the heat radiation of I. C engine combustion system wall accounts for 1/3rd (" heat energy and dynamic power machine basis " the 24th page, Wang Zhongzheng chief editor, China Machine Press 2000.5) of fuel combustion heat, and wherein the cylinder heat radiation accounts for 84%; The smoke evacuation heat radiation also accounts for more than 1/4th of ignition heat (general temperature of exhaust fume is 700-900K) (" internal-combustion engine " the 65th page, the Zhou Longbao chief editor, so cylinder of internal-combustion engine heat radiation and flue gas loss account for the significant proportion of fuel combustion heat, general about 53% China Machine Press 1999.6).But present internal-combustion engine does not utilize cylinder heat radiation and exhaust heat basically, and in order to reduce temperature cylinder and delivery temperature, must consume mechanical energy: utilize circulating water to lower the temperature to cylinder, utilize fan to give circulating water cooling, utilize water pump by water cycle; The wind direction of giving circulating water cooling on the vehicle and the vehicle aspect of advancing is opposite, many again consumption mechanical energy; The silencing apparatus noise elimination is set and reduces delivery temperature, consume mechanical energy etc. but increase exhaust resistance.Therefore, the thermal efficiency of internal-combustion engine is generally not high, and is general below 38%.Turbocharging internal-combustion engines also mainly utilizes the pressure energy of waste gas, and this pressure can partly derive from the mechanical energy of internal-combustion engine, and temperature was also higher when waste gas flowed out turbine.

Summary of the invention: task of the present invention is to overcome the shortcoming that existing internal-combustion engine does not make full use of waste heat, converts cylinder heat radiation and exhaust heat to part mechanical energy, to improve the thermal efficiency of internal-combustion engine.The technical solution used in the present invention has four classes.

The first kind: use water as cylinder cooling and heat transfer medium, make the second road cycle fluid with air, ammonia etc.

First kind: keep the water pump and the water pipe of internal-combustion engine, remove fan, change water tank into heat exchanger 3, water pipe adds thermal insulation layer.The air duct of heat exchanger 3 one ends links to each other with heat exchanger 1, and the air duct of the other end links to each other with heat exchanger 2.With the air pressure incoming air conduit, air preheating in heat exchanger 1 earlier enters the heat that heat exchanger 3 absorbs water again with gas compressor.Water pump is pressed into water from the water jacket of internal combustion engine bottom, water absorbs internal-combustion engine heat radiation back and flows out from the water jacket of internal combustion engine top, enters heat exchanger 3, flows out from the bottom to air heat transfer back in heat exchanger 3, enter next circulation, thereby the water temperature of water jacket is remained in the suitable temperature range.The air that flows out from heat exchanger 3 is inflow heat exchanger 2 again.The outlet pipe of internal-combustion engine [steam outlet pipe of emission-control equipment] directly and heat exchanger 2 hot gas imports join, allow the higher waste gas of temperature in heat exchanger, conduct heat by the air of heated air pipe in air duct, inflow heat exchanger 1 preheated air then flows out and enters atmosphere.Air is opposite with the flow direction of waste gas, to improve heat transfer efficiency.The air that comes out from heat exchanger 2 expands after three heat absorptions, can drive the air turbine work done.Turbine-shaft links to each other by speed changer or coupling with the internal-combustion engine main shaft.When internal-combustion engine was installed on automobile or the tractor, expanded air is input air turbine not also, and towards spraying in the opposite direction with vehicle operating side, produced reaction force and promote vehicle operating.The power of gas compressor is provided by internal-combustion engine.Like this, save the consumed work of fan, increased the consumed work of gas compressor, but increased the promotion merit and the expansion work of hot air, generally speaking improved the thermal efficiency of internal-combustion engine.

Second kind: first kind of scheme done one change, be about to the second tunnel circulation and be divided into two branch roads, on each branch road valve is arranged, the air that comes out from gas compressor directly advances air turbine or is directly injected in the atmosphere after one tunnel working medium tube of advancing in the heat exchanger 3 after preheating; Another road is advanced to enter air turbine again after the working medium tube of heat exchanger 2 or be directly injected in the atmosphere.

The third: first kind of scheme done another change, the air that soon comes out from heat exchanger 3 is divided into two branch roads, and a branch road enters air turbine again or sprays into atmosphere after advancing heat exchanger 2; Another branch road directly advances the air turbine work done or sprays into atmosphere.The reason that is divided into two branch roads is: the cylinder heat dissipating capacity is very big, and water temperature is constant between 90-95 ℃, then needs the air of big flow to lower the temperature, if these air all advance heat exchanger 2, the air temperature rise that then goes out heat exchanger 2 is little, influences cycle efficiency, so only allow portion of air enter heat exchanger 2.

The 4th kind: the second tunnel circulation divides two other branch road: engine exhaust gas directly advances the air turbine work done, the waste gas that comes out from turbine advances heat exchanger again [if the exhaust gas temperature of coming out is much higher than the working medium temperature that flows out from heat exchanger 3 from turbine, then allow waste gas advance heat exchanger 2 and continue to conduct heat, conduct heat] if be lower than this working medium temperature then advance in the heat exchanger 1.Air [after preheating] inflow heat exchanger 3 absorbs the heat of water, enters the turbine work done again or sprays into atmosphere.

When employing two, three, four kind of scheme, two branch roads are advisable to advance two air turbines respectively.Also can advance an air turbine simultaneously, according to pressure, temperature various inlet position difference.

The 5th kind: adopt low-boiling point material (as ammonia, butane, pentane etc.) to make working medium, working medium is pressed into

heat exchanger

1,3 and 2 interior working medium tube, allow the working medium heat absorption expand, drive the turbine work done, enter condenser again, compressed again machine is compressed into working medium tube after the cooling, enters next circulation.Engine exhaust gas enters in

heat exchanger

2 and 1 to refrigerant heat transfer.

The 6th kind: the 5th kind of scheme changed, promptly allow engine exhaust gas directly enter the air turbine work done, waste heat waste gas advances heat exchanger [if the exhaust gas temperature of coming out is much higher than the working medium temperature of coming out from heat exchanger 3 from turbine, then allow waste gas inflow heat exchanger 2, otherwise advance heat exchanger 1, but also need consider to increase exhaust resistance and consume mechanical energy] after enter atmosphere, ammonia (or other working medium) enters ammonia turbine work done circulation after absorbing the heat of waste gas and hot water.Two turbines are coaxial.

The 7th kind: remove water pump, water tank and the fan system of internal-combustion engine, water jacket strengthened, more than the working medium tube of six kinds of schemes enter the water jacket heat absorption.Cylinder head and cylinder block become very complicated when adopting this scheme.

The 8th kind: when adopting the 7th kind of scheme, the mode that working medium such as air, ammonia absorb the heat of water in the water jacket can change the unfavorable working medium tube of using into, and directly working medium is pressed into the water from the water jacket bottom, and the import of working medium water inlet cover should be evenly distributed.Working medium directly absorbs the heat of water, overflows from the water surface, enters the working medium tube that links to each other with water jacket top again.Adopt this scheme can save working medium tube in the water jacket, working medium heat absorption speed is fast, but the water in the water jacket can evaporate, and working medium band water advances the working life that turbine influences turbine.When adopting air to make working medium, because emptying after the air work done, the water in the water jacket can slowly reduce, and need often add water, when therefore making working medium with air, adopts this scheme undesirable.

The 9th kind: above-mentioned each scheme can be used on the boosting internal combustion engine equally.Doing with air has gas compressor in the scheme of working medium, utilizes this gas compressor to get final product (blower outlet connects an arm and links to each other with intake lines of combustion engines) to supercharge cylinders; When making working medium, need increase a gas compressor supercharging (linking to each other by coupling or speed changer) in addition with the internal-combustion engine main shaft with ammonia etc.But being used for the second road circuit air pressure can not be too big, general 2 barometric pressure, and the air temperature height that pressure greatly then comes out from gas compressor can't absorb the heat of water and cooling internal combustion engines.If pressure ratio is very big, then draws a tracheae and make the second road cycle fluid pipe from the gas compressor middle part.If drawing the air of cooling from intercooler makes the second road cycle fluid and cylinder cooling medium then loses more than gain.

Second class: adopt diesel oil, kerosene, the higher liquid of plant wet goods boiling point are made cylinder cooling and heat transfer medium, use air, ammonia etc. are made the second road cycle fluid, and nine kinds of schemes of the first kind all can be used for this class [can not use but air directly immerses the method for cooling medium].With the higher liquid cooling of wet goods boiling point, can suitably improve coolant temperature, as bring up to 120-160) ℃, and do not influence Strength of Internal-Combustion Engine, lubricants performance, very little to internal-combustion engine air inflow influence, but improved the temperature of the second road cycle fluid, help improving thermal efficiency of cycle.The embodiment of such scheme is identical with the first kind.

The 3rd class: adopt air to make the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid.Cancellation water tank, water pump, fan system change the water jacket of internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder block and cylinder head into air-casing (similar to water jacket).With gas compressor air is pressed into air-casing, and organizes the mobile and heat absorption of air in the air-casing, the air heat absorption remains in the suitable scope temperature of cylinder of internal-combustion engine (containing cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder block).Flow out from the air-casing top air heat absorption back, enters working medium tube, enters the air turbine work done again.The design of other parts, adopt supercharging and with engine exhaust gas cooperate the utilization and the first kind first, second and third,

Four, nine kinds of schemes are identical.

The 4th class: adopt low-boiling point materials such as ammonia, butane, pentane to make the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid.With ammonia is example, with the pump that condenses liquefied ammonia is pressed into internal-combustion engine air-casing (former water jacket), and liquefied ammonia heat absorption back gasification, expansion are overflowed from the air-casing top, enter working medium tube.The design of other parts, adopt supercharging and identical with the cooperation utilization of engine exhaust gas and the first kind the 5th, six, nine kind of scheme.

The meaning of invention: the present invention makes full use of cylinder heat radiation and exhaust heat, overbottom pressure, has improved the thermal efficiency of internal-combustion engine, and energy saving reduces operating cost, reduces environmental pollution, and very big economic benefit and social benefit are arranged.

Embodiment: adopt the mode of Fig. 1 to Figure 21 to implement.

Fig. 1 uses water as cooling medium, makes first kind of structure principle chart of two-way circulation type IC engine of the second road cycle fluid with air, and its chief component is: 1, water jacket thermal insulation layer; 2, cylinder of internal-combustion engine and cylinder head jacket; 3, cylinder (several only draw among figure one); 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, speed changer (or coupling) 1; 6, gas compressor; 7, air; 8, air duct; 9, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer) 1; 10, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer) 2; 11, internal-combustion engine vent-pipe (advancing heat exchanger 2); 12, exhaust blow-down pipe; 13, valve 1; 14, valve 2; 15, air turbine; 16, speed changer (or coupling) 2; 17, the air of emptying; 18, heat exchanger 3 (band thermal insulation layer); 19, water pipe (band thermal insulation layer); 20, water pump.Water jacket upper end (on the cylinder cap) links to each other with the heat exchanger upper end by water pipe, and the water jacket lower end links to each other with the heat exchanger lower end by water pipe.Its working principle is: by the water cooling in the water jacket, the water in the heat exchanger 3 is by the water cycle in water pump and the water jacket, so circulating water has absorbed the heat radiation of combustion engine cylinder head and cylinder block during internal combustion engine.Water temperature was not high when internal-combustion engine had just started, so gas compressor do not work, and at this moment high-temperature flue gas heats heat exchanger, and some is stored in heat in the heat exchanger.When water temperature rises to 900C-950C, gas compressor start working (gas compressor power is provided by internal-combustion engine, adjusts its amount of calming the anger and pressure by speed changer, so that the temperature of water remains in the suitable scope in the water jacket), gas compressor can be a piston type, also can be impeller type.Air is pressed into air duct by gas compressor, earlier through heat exchanger 1 preheating, absorbs the heat of water again in the inflow heat exchanger 3.Because the heat transfer area of heat exchanger is big, thereby heat-transfer effect is good, and water temperature is remained in the suitable scope.Flow to heat exchanger 2 again after the air heat absorption.The high-temp waste gas of discharging in the outlet pipe enters heat exchanger 2 from an end, flows in the gap between the inwall of air duct outer wall and heat exchanger shell, conducts heat with heated air to intensive air duct.Waste gas flows out from heat exchanger 2 the other ends then, enters atmosphere behind the preheated air in the inflow heat exchanger 1.Air-flow direction is opposite with exhaust gas flow direction, to enlarge heat transfer temperature difference, improves heat transfer efficiency.Heat exchanger had both played the heat exchange effect, worked to eliminate the noise, reduce delivery temperature again, therefore can save the silencing apparatus of internal-combustion engine.Air is after three heat absorptions, and temperature raises, and volumetric expansion both can spray into work done in the air turbine, can spray into atmosphere (opposite with direction of vehicle movement) again, produces reaction force and promotes vehicle movement.Open valve 1, throttle down 2, then hot air directly enters atmosphere, produces reaction force and promotes vehicle movement.Throttle down 1 is opened valve 2, and then hot air enters the air turbine work done, enters atmosphere (opposite with direction of vehicle movement) then.Air turbine links to each other with the internal-combustion engine main shaft by speed changer.When internal-combustion engine has just started water temperature when not high, need not lower the temperature, therefore the second tunnel circulation does not begin, and then air turbine main shaft and internal-combustion engine turbine-shaft disconnect, in order to avoid increase surface friction drag, consume mechanical energy, the increase component wear.When water temperature is raised to 900C when above, then start gas compressor, the second tunnel circulation beginning, at this moment the air turbine main shaft is connected with the internal-combustion engine main shaft.But should be taken into account not high (if the pressure height of air pressure during design, then the compressed temperature of air rises big, the heat or the caloric receptivity that then can not absorb water in the water jacket diminish, and do not have the effect of cooling internal combustion engines), therefore, when the air turbine main shaft is connected work with the internal-combustion engine main shaft, should make internal-combustion engine spindle speed faster than air turbine spindle speed (, only needing a speed ratio), like this by speed changer, when air pressure is not high, also can power be provided for the internal-combustion engine main shaft by air turbine.When using axial-flow compressor, can allow high-speed air pour gas compressor air intlet towards vehicle forward direction, reduce the gas compressor energy consumption, this is identical with jet engine air inlet principle.By control gas compressor rotating speed and gas compressor open and close,

control valve

1 and 2 open and close and opening degree, the water temperature in can strict control water jacket is so that the internal-combustion engine proper functioning.Because winter, temperature was low, it is big that the low-temperature receiver and the thermal source temperature difference become, so winter, cycle efficiency was the highest.

This is the exemplary block diagram that uses water as cooling and heat transfer medium, makes the two-way circulation type IC engine of cycle fluid with air.Below three kinds be its distortion.

Fig. 2 uses water as cooling medium, makes second kind of structure principle chart of two-way circulation type IC engine of the second road cycle fluid with air, and its chief component is: 1, water jacket thermal insulation layer; 2, internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder block and cylinder head jacket; 3, cylinder (several only draw among figure one); 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, speed changer (or coupling) 1; 6, gas compressor; 7, air; 8, air is responsible for; 9, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer) 1; 10, the air arm 1; 11, the air arm 2; 12, valve 1; 13, valve 2; 14, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer) 2; 15, engine exhaust gas pipe (advancing heat exchanger 2); 16, heat exchanger 2 steam outlet pipes (advancing heat exchanger 1); 17, outlet pipe (entering atmosphere); 18, speed changer (or coupling) 2; 19, air turbine 1; 20, air turbine 2 (two branch roads can a shared air turbine, and figure slightly); 21, heat exchanger 3 (band thermal insulation layer); 22, water pipe (band thermal insulation layer); 23, water pump.Its working principle is: the air through heat exchanger 1 preheating is divided into two branch roads, and one the tunnel advances the laggard air turbine expansion working of heat exchanger 3 heat absorptions; The laggard air turbine expansion working of heat exchanger 2 heat absorptions is advanced on another road.Engine exhaust gas is introduced into heat exchanger 2, enters heat exchanger 1 again, with fully to refrigerant heat transfer.

Fig. 3 uses water as cooling medium, makes the third structure principle chart of two-way circulation type IC engine of the second road cycle fluid with air, and its chief component is: 1, water jacket thermal insulation layer; 2, internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder block and cylinder head jacket; 3, cylinder (several only draw among figure one); 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, speed changer (or coupling) 1; 6, gas compressor; 7, air; 8, air is responsible for; 9, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer) 1; 10, the air arm 1; 11, the air arm 2; 12, valve 1; 13, valve 2; 14, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer) 2; 15, engine exhaust gas pipe (advancing heat exchanger 2); 16, heat exchanger 2 steam outlet pipes (advancing heat exchanger 1); 17, outlet pipe (entering atmosphere); 18, speed changer (or coupling) 2; 19, air turbine 1; 20, air turbine 2 (two branch roads can a shared air turbine, and figure slightly); 21, heat exchanger 3 (band thermal insulation layer); 22, water pipe (band thermal insulation layer); 23, water pump.Its working principle is: air enters heat exchanger 3 and further absorbs heat after heat exchanger 1 preheating, be divided into two branch roads again, and one the tunnel directly advances air turbine 1 work done, and further laggard air turbine 2 works done of heat absorption of heat exchanger 2 are advanced on another road.When the shared air turbine of two branch roads, the air temperature in the air arm 2 is higher, should enter in the turbine front portion; Another branch road air should enter at the turbine middle part.

Fig. 4 uses water as cooling medium, makes the 4th kind of structure principle chart of two-way circulation type IC engine of the second road cycle fluid with air, and its chief component is: 1, water jacket thermal insulation layer; 2, internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder block and cylinder head jacket; 3, cylinder (several only draw among figure one); 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, speed changer (or coupling) 1; 6, gas compressor; 7, air; 8, air is responsible for; 9, valve; 10, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer); 11, flue gas leading (advancing heat exchanger); 12, outlet pipe (entering atmosphere); 13, speed changer (or coupling) 2; 14, air turbine 1; 15, air turbine 2; 16, heat exchanger 3 (band thermal insulation layer); 17, water pipe (band thermal insulation layer); 18, water pump.Its working principle is: the waste gas of discharging from cylinder directly enters work done in the air turbine 2, and weary gas enters in

heat exchanger

1 or 2 further again and conducts heat and (if weary temperature degree is higher than the working medium temperature of coming out from heat exchanger 3, then advances heat exchanger 2; Be lower than this working medium temperature and be higher than blower outlet working medium temperature and then advance heat exchanger 1, should consider to make full use of heat energy from waste gas here, consider the mechanical energy that increases consumption of resistance again).Air (after preheating) enters heat exchanger 3 heat absorptions, and (entering heat exchanger 2 heat absorptions again) enters emptying after the work done in the air turbine 1 again.

Fig. 5 uses water as cooling medium, makes first kind of structure principle chart of the two-way circulation type IC engine of the second road cycle fluid with low-boiling point materials such as ammonia, butane, pentanes, and its chief component is: 1, water jacket thermal insulation layer 2, cylinder of internal-combustion engine and cylinder cap water jacket; 3, cylinder (several only draw among figure 1); 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, circulating water pump; 6, water tank (band radiating fin); 7, fan; 8, water pipe; 9, working medium tube; 10, condenser; 11, the pump that condenses; 12, heat exchanger 1 (band thermal insulation layer); 13, engine exhaust gas pipe (advancing heat exchanger 2); 14, waste gas blow-down pipe; 15, heat exchanger 2 (band thermal insulation layer); 16, valve; 17, ammonia (butane etc.) turbine; 18, speed changer (or coupling); 19, heat exchanger 3 (band thermal insulation layer); 20, water pipe (band thermal insulation layer); 21, water pump.Its working principle is: engine starting soon, the temperature of water then can rise to more than the 900C in water jacket and the heat exchanger 3, at this moment the starting pump that condenses is pressed into heat exchanger 1 preheating with liquid working substance, is pressed in the heat exchanger 3 again.Working medium absorbs the heat vaporization of water, continues to absorb the heat of waste gas in heat exchanger 2.Conduct heat in the engine exhaust gas elder generation inflow heat exchanger 2, conduct heat in the inflow heat exchanger 1 again, enter atmosphere again.In heat exchanger, waste gas flows in the inwall of heat exchanger shell and the gap between the working medium tube outer wall, and the flow direction of working medium is opposite with the flow direction of waste gas.Working medium flows through valve again and enters the turbine expansion work done through three heating, and it is liquid that the working medium exhaust steam enters condenser condenses, enters next circulation.By control valve aperture, open and close, control the revolution speed that condenses, the temperature of water in may command power pressure and the water jacket.The effect of the speed changer 2 among the effect of speed changer and Fig. 1 is identical.Cooling water in the condenser flows into condenser after the cooling (passing through fan) by circulating water pump suction water tank again in water tank.Also can directly carry out air-cooled to condenser.The power of pump, water pump, fan of condensing provides by internal-combustion engine, and condensing needs the dress speed changer between pump and the internal-combustion engine main shaft, to regulate the working medium input speed.Compare with simple internal combustion cycle internal-combustion engine, this internal-combustion engine has increased the consumed work of the pump that condenses, but the while turbine has increased the mechanical energy of internal-combustion engine.It is introduced that the theoretical thermal efficiency that low boiling working fluid utilizes the thermal source of 80-1200C to carry out circulation time is 11%-18%.[" thermal power transfer and utilization " (the 2nd edition) (the 103rd page of metallurgical industry publishing house) 1.

Fig. 6 uses water as cooling medium, makes second kind of structure principle chart of the two-way circulation type IC engine of the second road cycle fluid with low-boiling point materials such as ammonia, butane, pentanes, and its chief component is: 1, the water jacket thermal insulation layer 2; Cylinder of internal-combustion engine and cylinder cap water jacket; 3, cylinder (several only draw among figure 1); 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, circulating water pump; 6, water tank 1 (band radiating fin); 7, fan; 8, water pipe; 9, working medium tube; 10, condenser; 11, the pump that condenses; 12, heat exchanger (band thermal insulation layer); 13, valve; 14, engine exhaust gas pipe; 15, air turbine; 16, ammonia turbine; 17, speed changer (or coupling); 18, blast pipe (advancing heat exchanger); 19, weary gas outlet (entering atmosphere); 20, heat exchanger 3 (band thermal insulation layer); 21, water pipe (band thermal insulation layer); 22, water pump.Its working principle is: the second tunnel circulation is divided into two branch roads, and one directly advances the air turbine work done for engine exhaust gas, and weary gas enters atmosphere after entering working medium such as heat exchanger 1 preheating ammonia; Two for low boiling working fluid such as ammonia is condensed after pump squeezes into the heat exchanger preheating, enters heating in the heat exchanger 3, enters the work done of ammonia turbine then, and weary gas returns, and enters next circulation.Be higher than the working medium temperature of from heat exchanger 3, coming out if internal-combustion engine lacks gas (waste gas) temperature, then between heat exchanger 3 and ammonia turbine, heat exchanger 2 be set, allow weary gas advance heat exchanger 2 and conduct heat, allow ammonia advance heat exchanger 2 heat absorptions.Generally only design

heat exchanger

1 or 2 one, to reduce the I. C. engine exhaust resistance.

Fig. 7 is a two-way circulation type IC engine structure principle chart of cancelling water tank, water pump and fan in Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, and its chief component is: 1, water jacket thermal insulation layer 2, cylinder of internal-combustion engine and cylinder cap water jacket; 3, cylinder (several only draw among figure 1); 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, working medium tube.Its working principle is: working medium tube is directly intake and is overlapped the heat that absorbs internal combustion (IC) engine cylinder block and cylinder head.Other parts and working principle thereof are identical with Fig. 1 to Fig. 6.But this scheme need redesign cylinder head, cylinder block and water jacket thereof, and processed complex, causes body huge.

Fig. 8 is the structural representation that directly working medium is pressed into water jacket, and its constituent element is: 1, water jacket; 2, working medium arm (several even distributions are only drawn among the figure 2); 3, working medium is responsible for 1; 4, working medium is responsible for 2.Its working principle is: working medium is pressed into arm by the gas compressor or the pump that condenses from the person in charge, immerses from arm in the water of water jacket again, absorbs the heat of water, overflows from the water surface then, and the working medium that flows into water jacket top is responsible for, and enters heat exchanger.Other parts are identical with Fig. 1 to Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is the another kind of structural representation that directly working medium is pressed into water jacket, and its constituent element is identical with Fig. 8 with working principle, is characterized in that working medium heat absorption distance is long, and endothermic effect is better than Fig. 8.

Figure 10 uses water as cooling medium, makes the two-way circulation type boosting internal combustion engine structural representation of the second road cycle fluid with air, and its chief component is: 1, body of the internal-combustion engine; 2, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 3, speed changer (or coupling); 4, gas compressor; 5, first via air duct; 6, the second road air duct; 7, air.Its working principle is: blower outlet is divided into two-way, and the first via links to each other with intake lines of combustion engines, and pressurized air is pressed in the cylinder, gives supercharging of internal combustion engine; The second the tunnel is working medium tube.Other parts and working principle thereof are identical with Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, Fig. 7 to Fig. 9.

Figure 11 uses water as cooling medium, makes the two-way circulation type boosting internal combustion engine structural representation of the second road cycle fluid with low-boiling point materials such as ammonia, and its chief component is: 1, body of the internal-combustion engine; 2, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 3, speed changer (or coupling); 4, gas compressor; 5, compressed air hose (linking to each other) with intake lines of combustion engines; 6, air.Its working principle is: gas compressor is pressed into pressurized air in the cylinder of internal-combustion engine, gives supercharging of internal combustion engine, and other parts and working principle thereof are identical with Fig. 5 to Fig. 9.

Figure 12 is the air duct structural representation, and its constituent element is: 1, house steward; 2, arm.House steward links to each other with air turbine with gas compressor, also communicates with atmosphere by threeway.House steward is surrounded by thermal insulation layer outward, and arm has several, only draws 7 among the figure.Arm is in water jacket.Arm is thinner, and with the expansion heat transfer area, but thin more resistance is big more.Design various fins inside and outside the arm as required, with augmentation of heat transfer.(house steward and arm) is identical therewith for working medium tube such as ammonia, butane line structure.

Figure 13 utilizes air to make the two-way circulation type IC engine schematic diagram of the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid, and its chief component is: 1, cylinder block inner ring; 2, the outer ring of cylinder block and head; 3, thermal insulation layer; 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, speed changer (or coupling) 1; 6, gas compressor; 7, working medium tube; 8, heat exchanger 1 (band thermal insulation layer); 9 thermometers; 10, heat exchanger 2 (band thermal insulation layer); 11, engine exhaust gas suction tude (advancing heat exchanger 2); 12, waste gas steam outlet pipe (go out heat exchanger 2, advance heat exchanger 1); 13, waste gas blow-down pipe; 14, valve; 15, air turbine; 16, speed changer (or coupling) 2.Its working principle is: air is pressed into air duct by gas compressor and (is pressed into tolerance by speed changer 1 adjusting, so that temperature cylinder remains in the suitable scope, if the hot air temperature that thermometer shows surpasses 95 ℃, then need strengthens air inflow; Otherwise hot air temperature is lower than 90 ℃ and then reduces air inflow.But the temperature range of hot air can be loosened to 130-160 ℃, can improve the second road circuit thermal efficiency like this, and do not influence Strength of Internal-Combustion Engine, lubricants performance, also very little to the influence of internal-combustion engine air inflow), in heat exchanger 1, enter air-casing after the preheating, absorb the heat (air enters air-casing and heat absorbing mode sees Figure 14 to Figure 18 for details) of the heat radiation wall of cylinder head and cylinder block.(cylinder head top) enters working medium tube to hot air from the air-casing top then, enter in the heat exchanger 2 again and to spray into air turbine work done (or directly spray into atmosphere produce reaction force promote vehicle and advance) behind the heat that further absorbs engine exhaust gas, weary gas enters atmosphere (if then injection direction is opposite with direction of vehicle movement for Vehicular internal combustion engine).Engine exhaust gas is introduced in the heat exchanger 2 and conducts heat, and enters in the heat exchanger 1 again and conducts heat.Heat exchanger can carry out integrated design with exhaust aftertreatment device.About general 3 barometric pressure of the compressed-air actuated pressure of gas compressor, air temperature height does not too greatly then reach the purpose of cooling internal combustion engines, and the compression work of consumption also increases.This is an exemplary block diagram of making the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid with air, can make various deformation to this figure with reference to first kind technological scheme, directly advance air turbine as engine exhaust gas, weary gas preheating or further heated air, air enters the air-casing heat absorption after preheating, further absorb the heat of weary gas again, enter another air turbine work done again; And for example this embodiment can be used on the boosting internal combustion engine, and promptly the air that comes out from gas compressor is divided into two-way, and one the tunnel advances intake lines of combustion engines, and one the tunnel advances working medium tube, or the like.

Figure 14 adopts air to make the two-way circulation type IC engine air-casing of the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid and air inlet, heat absorption, first kind of structural drawing of the type of cooling (is example with two cylinders), and its chief component is: 1, cylinder block outer ring (usually and body cast solid and add thermal insulation layer); 2, cylinder block inner ring (dry type then is an inner ring, and wet type then is used for installing cylinder liner for the supporting positioning belt); 3, cylinder liner; 4, nozzle 1 (several); 5, jet pipe; 6, nozzle 2 (several).This air-casing is identical with existing water jacket of internal combustion engine, has just bored some pores, loads onto nozzle.Its working principle is: the air that comes out from heat exchanger 1

feeds nozzle

1 and 2, is ejected into then on cylinder block inner ring (dry type) or the cylinder liner (wet type) (hereinafter to be referred as the heat radiation wall).Each strand air that is sprayed onto on the heat radiation wall should evenly distribute, so that heat radiation wall Homogeneouslly-radiating.Because nozzle 1 is different with nozzle 2 spray orifices size and position, so two kinds of nozzle arrangement differences, but the air cooling that requires the heat radiation wall energy to be sprayed into equably.Because jet velocity is bigger, so heat-transfer coefficient is big, can reach the cooling purpose.Enter the air-casing (similar) of cylinder head behind the absorption of air heat, enter working medium tube from the cylinder head top after further absorbing the heat of cylinder head to former water jacket.If the cylinder head heat dissipating capacity is very big, then need the type of cooling with reference to cylinder block, on cylinder head, bore some pores, from heat exchanger 1, introduce cool air and spray, with enhance heat facing to the heat radiation wall in the cylinder head.This strand air is advanced into working medium tube on then.This structure can be used on the two-way circulation type IC engine of dry type and two kinds of structures of wet liner.

Figure 15 adopts air to make the two-way circulation type IC engine air-casing of the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid and air inlet, heat absorption, second kind of structural drawing of the type of cooling (is example with two cylinders), and its chief component is: 1, sub-air chamber; 2, sub-air chamber's suction tude; 3, spray orifice (several rationally distribute).Its working principle is: the form that adopts external feed stream, interior part gas, and sub-air chamber is divided into several (among the figure being 10) sub-air chamber independently separately, be convenient to from the hole that cylinder liner is installed, put them into air-casing respectively, be installed on the air-casing outer ring (wall between the cylinder liner outer ring).Cool air enters sub-air chamber from sub-air chamber's suction tude, spray facing to the heat radiation wall the some little spray orifice from sub-air chamber's curved surface then, to absorb heat, the cooling body.Sub-air chamber's mounting type is seen Figure 16.This structure only is fit to adopt the two-way circulation type IC engine of wet liner.

Figure 16 adopts air to make the installation diagram of the two-way circulation type IC engine air-casing of the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid and air inlet, heat absorption, second kind of structure of the type of cooling, and its chief component is: 1, spiral shell nurse; 2, seal ring; 3, cylinder block outer ring; 4, sub-air chamber's suction tude; 5, sub-air chamber; 6, spray orifice (several rationally distribute).The characteristics of this structure are that cylinder block outer ring drilling hole amount is few, and are little to the body intensity effect, and cylinder block outer ring and hot air and heat radiation wall be full of the cool air that flows in this air-casing, so cylinder block outer ring temperature are low across one deck air-casing.

Figure 17 adopts air to make the two-way circulation type IC engine air-casing of the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid and air inlet, heat absorption, the third structural drawing of the type of cooling (is example with a cylinder), and its chief component is: 1, cylinder block outer ring; 2, divide air-casing; 3, spray orifice (several evenly distribute); 4, radiating fin (several only draw 4 among figure, this fin plays stiffening rib simultaneously); 5, cylinder block inner ring; 6, cylinder liner; 7, seal ring; 8, suction tude.Its working principle is: divide air-casing to be embedded between the inwall and radiating fin of cylinder block outer ring, both cylinder block inner ring and cylinder liner were played stabilization, can absorb the heat of radiating fin again, strengthen cooling procedure.Cooling air enters from suction tude, sprays the cooling heat dissipation wall from each spray orifice.The shortcoming of this structure is that body is bigger, and cylinder head should corresponding with it redesign.

Figure 18 adopts air to make the two-way circulation type IC engine air-casing of the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid and air inlet, heat absorption, the 4th kind of structural drawing of the type of cooling (is example with a cylinder), and its chief component is: 1, cylinder block outer ring; 2, divide air-casing; 3, spray orifice (several evenly distribute); 4, radiating fin (several, cross-hatching not among the figure, this fin plays stiffening rib simultaneously); 5, cylinder block inner ring; 6, cylinder liner; 7, seal ring; 8, inlet hole.This structure is compared with Figure 17, and the outer ring and the suction tude of minute air-casing have been cancelled, and increases by 4 seal rings, and inlet hole is directly made in the hole on the body, and other are constant.Its working principle is identical with Figure 17.Be convenient narration, claim that the branch air-casing of Figure 17 is that enclosed type is divided air-casing, the branch air-casing of Figure 18 is that open-type divides air-casing.

Figure 19 utilizes ammonia (or low-boiling point materials such as butane, pentane) to make the two-way circulation type IC engine schematic diagram of the cylinder cooling medium and the second road cycle fluid, and its chief component is: 1, cylinder block inner ring or cylinder liner; 2, the outer ring of cylinder block and head; 3, thermal insulation layer; 4, internal-combustion engine main shaft; 5, working medium tube; 6, heat exchanger 1 (band thermal insulation layer); 7, safety check; 8, the pump that condenses; 9, condenser; 10, water pipe; 11, water pump; 12; Water tank (band radiating fin); 13, fan; 14, heat exchanger 2 (band thermal insulation layer); 15, engine exhaust gas suction tude (advancing heat exchanger 2); 16, waste gas steam outlet pipe (go out heat exchanger 2, advance heat exchanger 1); 17, waste gas blow-down pipe; 18, valve; 19, ammonia turbine; 20, speed changer (or coupling).Its working principle is: before the engine starting, liquefied ammonia has been filled the water jacket (the same with existing water jacket) of internal-combustion engine, cranking internal combustion engine soon, ammonia is evaporated, the working medium tube internal pressure is increased to a certain degree back (when the liquefied ammonia temperature reaches 90-95 ℃ in the water jacket, this temperature can be loosened to 140-160 ℃), open valve, allow the ammonia steam overflow from the water jacket top, advance the further laggard ammonia turbine of heat absorption work done of heat exchanger 2, weary gas enters condenser condenses, and liquefied ammonia is condensed is pumped into working medium tube, after heat exchanger 1 preheating, enter the air-casing heat absorption, enter next circulation.Condenser is by the circulating water cooling, and circulating water is by fan cooled.Engine exhaust gas is introduced in the heat exchanger 2 and conducts heat, and enters in the heat exchanger 1 again and conducts heat, and enters atmosphere then.This is to utilize low-boiling point materials such as ammonia to make the exemplary block diagram of cooling medium and cycle fluid, can make various deformation to it with reference to first kind technological scheme, directly advances the air turbine work done as waste gas, and weary gas advances heat exchanger etc., does not repeat them here.In addition, the selection of low boiling working fluid is also very important, as making working medium with pentane summer, because the pentane boiling point is higher, and condensation easily, the compression work of consumption is few.

Figure 20 is waste gas treatment and heat-exchange integrated schematic diagram of device, and chief component is among the figure: 1, thermal insulation layer; 2, air-casing shell; 3, guide plate; 4, pod apertures position; 5, emission-control equipment; 6, working medium flow direction; 7, exhaust gas flow direction.Its working principle is: when waste gas flowed into treatment device and flows out (advancing heat exchanger or air turbine again) again, some heat distributed by treatment device, but working medium absorption portion heat when direction flows in figure.

Figure 21 is another kind of waste gas treatment and heat-exchange integrated schematic diagram of device, and chief component is among the figure: 1, thermal insulation layer; 2, air-casing shell; 3, guide plate; 4, pod apertures position; 5, tubulation (several, as only to draw among the figure 2); 6, catalysis material; 7, working medium flow direction; 8, exhaust gas flow direction.Its working principle is: when waste gas flows through from tubulation, the part heat is passed to tubulation, tubulation is again to refrigerant heat transfer.

In sum, embodiment can have tens kinds, the technician of the industry to arbitrary mode of execution do slightly to change another kind, but change ten thousand times without leaving the original aim or stand, promptly utilize cylinder heat radiation and exhaust heat overbottom pressure to organize the second the tunnel to circulate.Wherein the mode of execution of Figure 13 to Figure 21 (particularly Figure 13, Figure 14) is simple in structure, cycle efficiency is high, has compared remarkable advantages with existing internal-combustion engine.This scheme has mainly been omitted water pump, fan, water tank and silencing apparatus, gas compressor and air turbine (be used in and then do not increase this two equipment on the boosting internal combustion engine) have mainly been increased, reduced the consumed work of fan, water pump, increased the consumed work of gas compressor, increased the promotion merit and the expansion work of hot air, generally speaking the thermal efficiency has raising by a relatively large margin.

Claims

1, a kind of two-way circulation type IC engine, its constituent element comprises body of the internal-combustion engine, the first via circulatory system---the main body of internal combustion cycle system of the most of mechanical energy of this machine promptly is provided, it is characterized in that this machine is not only to existing combustion engine cylinder head, cylinder block etc. are done corresponding change, and increased this machine small part mechanical energy is provided utilize cylinder heat radiation and exhaust heat, the second tunnel circulatory system that overbottom pressure is carried out, this system are mainly by gas compressor (or the pump that condenses), divide device of air (gas-distributing pipe, the chamber, cover), working medium tube, speed changer, air turbine (or the ammonia turbine etc.), condenser, compositions such as heat exchanger.

2, the second tunnel circulatory system of two-way circulation type IC engine according to claim 1 has four classes, the feature of the first kind is to make cooling internal combustion engines radiator (cylinder block with water, cylinder liner, cylinder head) and transmit the medium of heat, the feature of second class is the higher liquid do cooling cylinders and the medium that transmits heat of boiling point such as employing diesel oil, two classes are all made cycle fluid with low-boiling point materials such as air or ammonia, be after working medium is pressed into heat exchanger 1 preheating by gas compressor (or the pump that condenses), enter the working medium tube in the heat exchanger 3 (or water jacket) of cooling internal combustion engines again, absorb the heat of water, thereby the temperature that makes cooling water of internal combustion engine remains in the suitable scope, working medium inflow heat exchanger 2 again absorbs and enters turbine work done (air also directly emptying produce reaction force promotion vehicle movement) behind the heat of I. C. engine exhausts, I. C. engine exhaust advances heat exchanger 2 and 1 heating working medium, or advances heat exchanger 2 or 1 heating or pre-hot working fluid again after directly advancing the air turbine work done.

3, according to second class of the claim 1 and 2 described two-way circulation type IC engine the second tunnel circulatory systems, it is characterized in that making cooling medium and cycle fluid with air, be to be pressed into the branch device of air by gas compressor after 1 preheating of air process heat exchanger, spray into air-casing (similar) cooling heat dissipation wall again and absorb heat to former water jacket, flow into working medium tube again from the air-casing top, inflow heat exchanger 2 absorbs the heat of I. C. engine exhaust again, the most laggard air turbine work done, and weary gas emission direction is opposite with direction of vehicle movement; I. C. engine exhaust both can earlier laggard two heat exchanger heating working mediums, advanced a heat exchanger heating working medium again after can advancing the turbine work done again.

4, according to the 4th class of the claim 1 and 2 described two-way circulation type IC engine the second tunnel circulatory systems, it is characterized in that making cooling medium and cycle fluid with low-boiling point materials such as ammonia, it is liquefied ammonia (is example with the ammonia) expansion of in former water jacket, absorbing heat, advance again and further absorb exhaust heat in the heat exchanger 2, enter the work done of ammonia turbine at last, weary gas enters condenser condenses, is condensed again to be pumped into heat absorption in the heat exchanger 1, is pressed into and enters next circulation in the water jacket; I. C. engine exhaust both can earlier laggard two heat exchanger heating working mediums, can advance laggard heat exchanger 2 of air turbine work done or 1 heating or pre-hot working fluid again.

5, absorb the another kind of mode of the heat of cooling waters according to claim 1 and 2 described working medium, it is characterized in that working medium directly immerses in the water of water tank or water jacket, contact, absorb the heat of water, from water surface effusion, enter working medium tube then with water.

6, according to claim 1,2 and 3 described cylinder head, cylinder block, it is characterized in that being drilled with several holes on cylinder head and the cylinder block, be used for installing nozzle and jet pipe injection air, with even cooling heat dissipation wall with internal-combustion engine of branch airway dysfunction.

7, according to claim 1,2 and 3 described sub-air chamber and branch air-casing, it is characterized in that this sub-air chamber and divide air-casing can pack in the internal-combustion engine air-casing, and there are suction tude (open type divides air-casing not have suction tude, replaces suction tude with the hole on the cylinder block outer ring) and some little spray orifices to be used for into air and injection air respectively.

8, according to the another kind of cylinder block of claim 1,2 and 3 described two-way circulation type IC engine the second tunnel circulatory systems, it is characterized in that radiating fin is arranged in the body, this fin plays stiffening rib simultaneously, sub-air chamber can be installed between the inwall of fin and cylinder block outer ring or divide air-casing.

9, according to the waste gas treatment and the heat-exchange integrated device of the described two-way circulation type IC engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that at existing emission-control equipment outsourcing one deck shell, and the bag thermal insulation layer, have living space between this shell and the emission-control equipment shell and guide plate, pod apertures; Or in the tubulation of common heat exchanger, adorn catalysis material.

10, all can be used for boosting internal combustion engine according to the described technological scheme of claim 1-9.