CN1497147A - Sliding structure for vehicle engine - Google Patents
Sliding structure for vehicle engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1497147A CN1497147A CNA2003101012652A CN200310101265A CN1497147A CN 1497147 A CN1497147 A CN 1497147A CN A2003101012652 A CNA2003101012652 A CN A2003101012652A CN 200310101265 A CN200310101265 A CN 200310101265A CN 1497147 A CN1497147 A CN 1497147A
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- sliding
- hard carbon
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- slide member
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
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- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
A sliding structure for an automotive engine includes a sliding member with a sliding portion and a lubricant applied to the sliding portion so that the sliding portion can make sliding contact with a counterpart member via the lubricant. The sliding member is either of a piston ring, a piston pin, a cam lobe, a cam journal, a plain bearing, a rotary vane and a timing chain. The sliding portion has a base made of a steel or aluminum material and a hard carbon film formed on the base to coat the sliding portion. The hard carbon film has a thickness of 0.3 to 2.0 mum, a Knoop hardness of 1500 to 4500 kg/mm<2>, a surface roughness Ry (mum) satisfying the following equation: Ry<{(0.75-Hk/8000)xh+0.07/0.8}, where h is the thickness (mum) of the film; and Hk is the Knoop hardness (kg/mm<2>) of the film.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sliding motion structure that is used for car combustion engine, this sliding motion structure has fabulous friction characteristic and higher reliability.More especially, the present invention relates to a kind of valve group (valve train) of motor car engine or sliding motion structure of air-breathing/vent systems of being used for, wherein, the active part of movable part is covered by special hard carbon films, so that obtain than low coefficient of friction and increased durability, reliability and anti-interlock.
Background technique
The valve group and the air-breathing/vent systems of car combustion engine comprise multiple slide member, for example cam lobe and its relative parts, i.e. valve tappet (valve lifter) or be installed in pad on the end surfaces of this tappet.Importantly, when low engine speed is moved (comprising idling speed), the sliding friction between cam lobe and the tappet account for motor total machinery loss 20%.The technology that reduces the friction between cam lobe and the tappet is very important, and it can directly improve the fuel efficiency of automobile.At this moment, in internal-combustion engine, the surface pressure that the sliding contact between cam lobe and the tappet produces is the highest, and since their slip mechanism, lubricating between cam lobe and the tappet by temporarily disconnected.Therefore, the lubricating status between cam lobe and the tappet is extremely abominable.Imagine multiple effective ways and reduced sliding friction between cam lobe and the tappet.For example, the sliding parts of cam lobe and tappet can be made smooth, so that improve lubricating status, thereby reduces the direct contact (Metal Contact) between cam lobe and the tappet.Solid lubricant or lubricant additive can be used to reduce the friction of the Metal Contact between cam lobe and the tappet.Therefore, propose to make the sliding parts of tappet smooth, used titanium nitride (TiN) or chromium nitride (Cr then
2N) hard film or comprise for example molybdenum disulfide (MoS of solid lubricant
2) resin material apply this sliding parts.
The great advantage of the hard film that forms by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method or chemical vapour deposition (VCD) method is that its surface hardness is than much bigger by the surface hardness of surface treatment (for example electroplating) or surface hardening (for example heat treatment) acquisition.By such hard film is applied on the slide member, the wear resistance of slide member can obviously improve, thereby prevents at lubrication circumstances decline low surface roughness.Also have its relative parts that to prevent slide member because the surface roughness reduction is worn and torn.Therefore, can prevent owing to the direct contact (Metal Contact) between slide member and the relative parts increases sliding friction, and can in for a long time, keep initial lubricating status.In addition, think also the smooth interaction that will provide on the slide member relative parts is provided hard film that like this, the sliding parts of slide member and relative parts can be smooth, so that improve lubricating status.
In various hard carbon filmss, known amorphous carbon film for example diamond shaped carbon (DLC) film is used to obtain more high hardness and similar solid lubricant performance, so that provide low coefficient of friction under unlubricated dose situation.In micro-analysis, under lubrication circumstances, slide member and relatively the sliding contact between the parts comprise zone and slide member and the relative parts zone that their surface roughness peak value between directly contact (Metal Contact) of slide member by lubricant film and relative parts sliding contact.Except reducing under the unlubricated situation in slide member and the sliding friction between the parts relatively, recently proved the DLF film is applied on the slide member that particularly being applied to slide member is the low friction techniques that is used for internal-combustion engine with the zone that relative parts directly contact.
But, compare with situation about forming by surface treatment (for example electroplating), the hard carbon films that forms by PVD or CVD method has higher internal stress and hardness.When being applied to such hard carbon films on the slide member, will such problem appears, and promptly hard film separates with the body portion of slide member usually and/or cracks.
In order to prevent that hard carbon films from separating, the mesosphere also is provided, so that improve bonding between film and the matrix, and make film formation multi-layer structure, so that reduce the internal stress of film.On the other hand, seldom propose to prevent that with profile hard carbon films from cracking and hard carbon films separates owing to film cracks by the surface roughness of control hard film and the surface roughness of profile and relative parts.A kind of such method is the surface roughness (Japanese patent application JP11-294118A) of control cam lobe and tappet pad.This method is based on such principle, i.e. load can be restricted to setting value or littler control by the roughness with cam lobe and tappet pad to the input of film.Other method is the surface topography of control hard carbon films, particularly controls the height and the amount of the lip-deep macroscopic particles (droplet) of the film that forms by electron ion plating (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application JP7-11883A).
Summary of the invention
As mentioned above, some researchs have been carried out in the slip between cam lobe and the tappet, but to the research of slip between cam lobe and other slide member and the slip between other slide member seldom.Particularly, also there are not to find the surface roughness of body portion of thickness, hardness and surface roughness, slide member and the comprehensive analysis that the oiling agent characteristic is carried out to hard carbon films.
In addition, hard carbon films is more crisp than the TiN and the CrN film of previously known, and therefore, this hard carbon films need be controlled according to the characteristic of film.In order to make slide member have and to improve durability, reliability and anti-interlock, also need to consider the influence of lubricant additive than low coefficient of friction.
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sliding motion structure that is used for motor car engine, wherein, the sliding parts of slide member is covered by hard carbon films, so that obtain than low coefficient of friction and higher durability and reliability, and improved anti-interlock, prevent that simultaneously hard carbon films from cracking and separate.
Because further investigation, the inventor finds that the surface roughness of matrix of surface roughness that above-mentioned purpose can be by suitable control hard carbon films (for example diamond shaped carbon film) and profile, slide member and the character of profile research oiling agent realize.The present invention is based on these research.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of sliding motion structure that is used for internal-combustion engine is provided, it comprises: slide member, and this slide member is selected from piston ring, wrist pin, cam lobe (cam lobe), cam journal, sliding bearing, rotation blade or timing chain, and comprises sliding parts; And oiling agent, this oiling agent imposes on sliding parts, like this, this sliding parts carries out sliding contact by this oiling agent with relative parts, wherein, sliding parts has the matrix made by steel or aluminium and is formed at this substrates to cover the hard carbon films of sliding parts, and the thickness of this hard carbon films is 0.3 to 2.0 μ m, and Knoop (Knoop) hardness is 1500 to 4500kg/mm
2, surface roughness Ry (μ m) satisfy following formula: Ry＜(0.75-Hk/8000) * h+0.07/0.8}, wherein, h is the thickness (μ m) of hard carbon films; And Hk is the Knoop hardness (kg/mm of hard carbon films
2).
Also can know other purpose of the present invention and feature by following explanation.
Embodiment
To introduce the present invention in detail below.In the following description, all percentage (%) all is mass percent, unless specify in addition.
Sliding motion structure comprises according to an embodiment of the invention: slide member, and this slide member has sliding parts; And oiling agent, this oiling agent imposes on sliding parts, and like this, this sliding parts can carry out sliding contact with relative parts (counterpart member) by oiling agent.
Slide member special (specially) is designed for internal-combustion engine, and can be the form of piston ring, wrist pin, cam lobe, cam journal, sliding bearing, rotation blade or timing chain, perhaps their various combinations.Wherein, piston ring is mounted on the piston so that the ring that slides against cylinder.Wrist pin is piston to be connected and pin that abuts against plunger, lining or connecting rod slide with connecting rod.The skirt part that piston skirt is piston, slide against cylinder.Cam lobe and cam journal all are used for camshaft, so that slide against valve tappet or pad, thereby drive Aspirating valves and outlet valve.Rotation blade is rotatably installed in the housing (having determined pump chamber) of oil pump (for example master cylinder) of automatic gearbox, so that slide against this housing, perhaps be rotatably installed in the cylindrical shell of oil hydraulic circuit of valve group (valve of its variable control Aspirating valves or outlet valve rises feature (Valve liftcharacteristics)), so that slide against housing.Timing chain is continuous roller chain, and it slides against sprocket wheel or chain guide, so that by the crank-driven camshaft.
The sliding parts of slide member has matrix and hard carbon films, and this hard carbon films is formed on this matrix, so that cover this sliding parts.
Matrix is usually by a kind of the making in steel and the aluminium.
Hard carbon films is made by the carbon that only contains unavoidable impurity, and diamond shaped (diamond-like) carbon (DLC) film preferably.Although the DLC film can be formed by any physical steam deposition (PVD) method, especially preferably electroplate and form the DLC film by electron ion.
And the thickness of hard carbon films is 0.3 to 2.0 μ m, and surface hardness is 1500 to 4500kg/mm
2Knoop hardness, and surface roughness Ry (μ m) satisfies following formula (A):
Ry＜{(0.75-Hk/8000)×h+0.07/0.8}(A)
Wherein, h is the thickness (μ m) of hard carbon films; Hk is the Knoop hardness (kg/mm of hard carbon films
2).
Above-mentioned formula (A) is obtained by experiment by the inventor.Just, the slip of the various combinations of above-mentioned slide member and their relative parts is tested, so that how the damage of finding out hard carbon films and the mode of separating are subjected to the influence of the surface roughness and the profile of the surface roughness of hardness, surface roughness and thickness, matrix of hard carbon films and profile and relative parts.By experiment, find when being subjected to excessive load that hard carbon films is damaged owing to sliding.Find that also such hard carbon films damages the more serious damage that causes that film cracks, the microcosmic film separates or cause by the membrane portions of wiping separation.
One sliding parts in slide member and relative parts forms the plane, and another sliding parts is when forming simple bending, slide member and relative parts form the line contact between their sliding parts, like this, hard carbon films only is subjected to contacting the pressure that causes by line.At this moment, can be that setting value or excessive this hard carbon films that prevents crack by THICKNESS CONTROL with hard carbon films, do not need to consider simultaneously the relation of above-mentioned formula (A).But, to act on actual on the hard carbon films be owing to following reason to excessive load.
It is sediments and the ratio on the surface that is formed by any PVD method (for example electron ion plating) that excessive load acts on a reason on the hard carbon films.Here, the sediments definition is the particle from metal target (being the film formation material source), this metal target cluster or molten state, but be not into ion or state of atom, this particle still remains in the film.Hard carbon films forms on this sediments, and like this, this sediments is retained in the film, thereby forms the grit projection.These projectioies are easy to come off in sliding process.When formed particle is stuck in slide member and relatively in the contact segment between the parts time, hard carbon films is subjected to pressure from relative parts by this particle.With based on the macrobending of slide member or relative parts and consider its resiliently deformable and definite hertz (Hertz) pressure is compared, such local compression is much higher, and film is cracked.By slide member and the sliding contact between the parts relatively, this hard carbon films also is subjected to shearing stress.The damage of hard carbon films will develop with linear radially outward, thereby the macroscopic view that causes film is separated.
Another reason that causes excessive load on hard carbon films is that the surface roughness of relative parts is too big.This has two kinds of situations: in a kind of situation, the surface roughness peak value of parts has increased the localization that acts on the surface pressure on the film relatively; In another situation, slide member with relative parts because lower the carrying out of their slickness contacts, rather than line contacts, thereby contact pressure is localized more.Particularly, when slide member with relative parts because their slickness is lower when carrying out some contact, under the influence than surface roughness greatly of sediments and slide member and relative parts, will impel hard carbon films constantly to crack.
The inventor finds that also the crackle of hard carbon films produces thickness and the hardness that also depends on this film.When the thickness of film increases, diminish in the distortion of the film that causes to pressing film by particle under the fixed load.Therefore, the anti-crackle raising of film.In order to reach good lubricating status, need to make this hard carbon films that certain thickness be arranged according to the load that under sliding mode, may apply.In addition, the hardness of film and ductility will be carried out compromise (traded off) mutually usually, and the ductility of this film will reduce when the hardness of film increases.Therefore, when the hardness that measures film reduces, the anti-crackle increase of this film.
Surface roughness, thickness and the hardness of film is depended in the load input that hard carbon films (particularly DLC film) can bear.By according to the possible sliding mode of slide member and the surface roughness of suitable adjustable hard carbon films and the matrix of profile and slide member and relative parts, the input of the load on the film can be controlled in the boundaries for certain.Therefore, this hard carbon films can prevent to crack and separate, and like this, this film can keep and carry out specific functional features in the longer time.
According to above-mentioned situation, the formation of formula (A) is as follows.
The thickness of supposing hard carbon films is h, and Knoop hardness is Hk, and the sedimentary particle of relative parts or the degree of depth that the roughness peak value can push in the film are h ' when contacting between slide member and the relative parts.
According to above-mentioned hypothesis, draw following formula (1) by experiment:
h’/h＝0.6-Hk/10000????(1)
Also draw following formula (2) by experiment:
a＝0.8Ry-0.07??????????(2)
Wherein, a is the sedimental height that remains in the hard carbon films; And Ry is the surface roughness Ry of hard carbon films.
By the surface roughness of controlling diaphragm, can prevent crackle that sediments residual in hard carbon films causes the damage of film and film and separate.That is, wish that the above-mentioned degree of depth that pushes that sediments produces satisfies following formula (3):
a＜h’????????????????(3)
Formula (A) is derived by formula (1) to (3), and like this, the surface roughness of hard carbon films can be controlled according to the hardness and the thickness of film.
The restrictive condition of explained later formula (A).As mentioned above, the thickness h of hard carbon films is controlled to be 0.3 to 2.0 μ m.When the thickness of film during, will under importing film be cracked in possible the load of parts relatively less than 0.3 μ m.On the other hand, when thickness surpasses 2.0 μ m, in the processing procedure that forms film, will in film, produce bigger internal stress, thereby make this film warpage.The warpage of film causes at slide member and forms the some contact relatively between the parts, and therefore, the crackle that will quicken film owing to so relatively poor contact indirectly produces.Also have, as mentioned above, consider trading off between hardness and the ductility, the surface hardness Hk of hard carbon films is controlled to be 1500 to 4500kg/mm
2
The surface roughness of matrix and profile also need to control according to the character of the kind of the kind of slide member and characteristic and oiling agent.Here, the surface roughness of matrix is meant forming the roughness of the matrix surface of hard carbon films, therefore measured before hard carbon films is formed on the matrix usually.Preferably, the Ra of matrix (arithmetic average roughness) surface roughness is 0.03 μ m or littler.When the thickness of hard carbon films very hour, the surface roughness of matrix has been reacted the surface roughness of film.When the surface roughness of matrix is big,, thereby film is cracked owing to the surface roughness peak value of film makes the pressure of contact surface that is applied on the film localize more.But, be controlled to be 0.03 μ m or littler, can prevent that film from cracking and cracking the film that causes owing to film and separate by the surface roughness Ra that makes matrix.And according to the profile of matrix, sliding parts may become convex owing to the residual stress of hard carbon films.When the convex height of sliding parts is too big, slide member and relative parts will carry out contacting irrelevantly, rather than carry out line contact, like this, snap in slide member and relatively in the contact segment between the parts by sediments and foreign matter, thereby the surface pressure that is applied on the film is increased and localization more.Therefore, preferably on matrix, form after the film, the convex of sliding parts is controlled to be 0.03 μ m or littler.
Lubricant oil mainly comprises base oil.This base oil preferably kinematical viscosity is 2 to 8m in the time of 100 ℃
2/ s, viscosity index is 80 or higher, so that bigger antifriction effect is provided.
And, oiling agent can comprise at least a additive in addition, this additive is selected from following group, comprise: antiwear agents, detergent dispersant, viscosity index improving agent, friction modifier, anti-formation (anti-forming) agent, pour point depressant, rust preventing agent and antioxidant, so that reduce friction factor and improve anti-interlock.Particularly, in oiling agent, add antiwear agents and can reduce friction factor greatly.This reason is not clear, but can think that lubricant film sticks on the hard carbon films by chemisorption, thereby makes lubrication more effective.
Illustrate in greater detail the present invention below with reference to following example.But, should be known in that following example is exemplary, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Example
Form slide member like this, promptly pass through the columnar member (as matrix) of the SCr steel of preparation JIS G4104, and on the surface of SCr steel part, form the DLC film by the plating of PVD electron ion.The thickness h of this DLC film is 0.5 μ m, and Knoop hardness Hk is 2170kg/mm
2, surface roughness Ry is 0.03 μ m.
Comparison example
In comparison example, the columnar member of the SCr steel of JIS G4104 is as slide member.The SCr steel part that is used for comparison example is used identical with example.In comparison example, on the SCr steel part, do not form the DLC film.
Estimate
The slide member of example and comparison example rubs/wear test, so that measure their friction factor and interlock load.Friction/wear test utilizes reciprocating motion type (SRV) friction/abrasion tester to carry out under following experimental condition.It is as shown in the table for experimental result.
(experimental condition)
Frequency: 50Hz
Temperature: 25 ℃
Load: the speed of dividing with 130N/ increases
Lubricated: SAE 5W30
Table
| Friction factor | Interlock load (N) | |
| Example | ????0.1 | ????1110 |
| Comparison example | ????0.17 | ????610 |
As seen from table, compare with the slide member of comparison example, the slide member of example has the anti-interlock of better low frictional behavior and Geng Gao.
As mentioned above, the surface roughness that can be by suitable control hard carbon films (particularly DLC film) in the sliding motion structure of present embodiment and the surface roughness of the matrix of profile, slide member and profile and oiling agent characteristic prevent that hard carbon films from cracking and separate, and obtain, and by anti-interlock than low coefficient of friction, increased durability, reliability.
The whole contents of Japanese patent application No.2002-302205 (applying date is on October 16th, 2002) is incorporated herein by reference.
Although introduced the present invention with reference to specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description.According to the above description, those skilled in the art can carry out various variations and change to the foregoing description.Scope of the present invention is determined by following claim.
Claims (6)
1. sliding motion structure that is used for internal-combustion engine comprises:
Slide member, this slide member is selected from piston ring, wrist pin, cam lobe, cam journal, sliding bearing, rotation blade and timing chain, and comprises sliding parts; And
Oiling agent, this oiling agent imposes on sliding parts, and like this, this sliding parts carries out sliding contact by this oiling agent with relative parts,
Wherein, sliding parts has the matrix made by steel or aluminium and is formed at this substrates to cover the hard carbon films of sliding parts, and the thickness of this hard carbon films is 0.3 to 2.0 μ m, and Knoop hardness is 1500 to 4500kg/mm
2, surface roughness Ry (μ m) satisfies following formula:
Ry＜{(0.75-Hk/8000)×h+0.07/0.8}
Wherein, h is the thickness (μ m) of hard carbon films; And Hk is the Knoop hardness (kg/mm of hard carbon films
2).
2. sliding motion structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this hard carbon films is to electroplate the diamond shaped carbon film that forms by electron ion.
3. sliding motion structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the surface roughness Ra of this matrix is 0.03 μ m or littler.
4. sliding motion structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the maximum height of the convex of the sliding parts that is covered by hard carbon films is 0.3 μ m or littler.
5. sliding motion structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this oiling agent comprises base oil, and the kinematical viscosity of this base oil is 2 to 8m
2/ s, viscosity index is 80 or higher.
6. sliding motion structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this oiling agent comprises at least a additive selected from following group: antiwear agents, detergent dispersant, viscosity index improving agent, friction modifier, anti-agent, pour point depressant, rust preventing agent and the antioxidant of forming.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2003101012652A CN1497147A (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Sliding structure for vehicle engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP302205/2002 | 2002-10-16 | ||
| CNA2003101012652A CN1497147A (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Sliding structure for vehicle engine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1497147A true CN1497147A (en) | 2004-05-19 |
Family
ID=34256447
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2003101012652A Pending CN1497147A (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Sliding structure for vehicle engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1497147A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104169599A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2014-11-26 | 千住金属工业株式会社 | Sliding member |
| CN105308209A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-02-03 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Carbon-coated member and production method therefor |
| CN106795617A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2017-05-31 | H.E.F.公司 | The DLC carbon painting method of the plush copper of the cam of camshaft, the camshaft for so obtaining and the equipment for implementing this method |
| CN107848586A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-03-27 | 意大利农用机贸易股份公司 | Chain joint component |
| US9956613B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2018-05-01 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member and production method for same |
| CN110892050A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2020-03-17 | 雅富顿化学公司 | Method for improving resistance to timing chain wear with multi-component detergent system |
-
2003
- 2003-10-16 CN CNA2003101012652A patent/CN1497147A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104169599A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2014-11-26 | 千住金属工业株式会社 | Sliding member |
| CN104169599B (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2015-08-26 | 千住金属工业株式会社 | Slide member |
| US10309457B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2019-06-04 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member |
| US9956613B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2018-05-01 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member and production method for same |
| CN105308209A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-02-03 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Carbon-coated member and production method therefor |
| CN106795617A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2017-05-31 | H.E.F.公司 | The DLC carbon painting method of the plush copper of the cam of camshaft, the camshaft for so obtaining and the equipment for implementing this method |
| CN106795617B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2020-05-26 | H.E.F.公司 | Method for coating DLC carbon on the nose of a camshaft cam, camshaft thus obtained and device for implementing such a method |
| CN107848586A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-03-27 | 意大利农用机贸易股份公司 | Chain joint component |
| US10647368B2 (en) | 2015-07-10 | 2020-05-12 | Italtractor Itm S.P.A. | Chain joint assembly |
| CN107848586B (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2021-05-28 | 意大利农用机贸易股份公司 | Chain joint assembly |
| CN110892050A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2020-03-17 | 雅富顿化学公司 | Method for improving resistance to timing chain wear with multi-component detergent system |
| CN110892050B (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2022-06-03 | 雅富顿化学公司 | Method for improving resistance to timing chain wear with multi-component detergent system |
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