CN1493575A - Method of preparing phosphite ester - Google Patents

Method of preparing phosphite ester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1493575A
CN1493575A CNA021466076A CN02146607A CN1493575A CN 1493575 A CN1493575 A CN 1493575A CN A021466076 A CNA021466076 A CN A021466076A CN 02146607 A CN02146607 A CN 02146607A CN 1493575 A CN1493575 A CN 1493575A
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Prior art keywords
acid ester
ammonium
phosphorous acid
salt
phosphoric acid
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CN1212326C (en
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刘德亮
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Sichuan Leshan Fuhua Tongda Pesticide Technology Co ltd
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Individual
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Abstract

A process for preparing phosphate (phosphite) includes esterifying reaction between PCl3, phosphorus oxychloride, or phosphorus thiochloride and alcohol or phenol while introducing the liquid mixture of ammonium salt and sulphite for cooling the resultant, cooling to lower than 40 deg.C by condenser, collecting the resultant in said liquid mixture while introducing ammonia to it, filtering for removing ammonium chloride to obtain coarse product, and rectifying. Its advantages are high speed and high output rate.

Description

The method of a kind of preparation (Asia) phosphoric acid ester
The present invention relates to the preparation method of industrial chemicals, specifically the preparation method of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester.
Phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester [hereinafter to be referred as (Asia) phosphoric acid ester] all are the intermediates of preparation organophosphorus pesticide.When preparing (Asia) phosphoric acid ester at present, generally all adopt phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride or phosphorus thiochloride and alcohols (as methyl alcohol, ethanol) or phenols (as phenol) to carry out esterification, hydrogenchloride and other muriate are emitted in reaction; The mixture that contains liquid hydrogenchloride and thick ester that reaction generates obtains (Asia) phosphoric acid ester crude product after (promptly this mixture flows into the depickling jar after the condenser cooling, through heating, depickling) handled in depickling.Crude product promptly obtains the pure product of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester accordingly through vacuum fractionation again.This preparation method is because esterification reaction product just cools off by condenser, so speed of cooling is slow, and resultant of reaction also can dissolve a large amount of hydrogenchloride in temperature-fall period, thereby increased side reaction.Moreover, in deacidification, need could remove de-chlorine hydride, and can increase side reaction when heating up by heating, also can lose part (Asia) phosphoric acid ester simultaneously, thereby influence the yield of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester.Zhi Bei its yield of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester is usually at 70--80% as stated above.
Purpose of the present invention just provides the novel method of a kind of preparation (Asia) phosphoric acid ester, and this method can effectively suppress the side reaction in the preparation process, can significantly improve the yield of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester simultaneously.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The inventive method includes following steps:
A, employing phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride or phosphorus thiochloride and alcohol or phenol carry out esterification;
The proportion of raw materials amount can be calculated according to the mass ratio in the common esterification, appraise and decide.
B, in esterification reaction process, feed the mixed solution of forming by the salt of weak acid and the phosphorous acid ester of ammonium, with it reactant in a step is cooled off;
The salt of weak acid of ammonium generally is solid-state, when its with after phosphorous acid ester mixes, then become liquid state.Phosphorous acid ester in this mixed solution mainly plays cooling effect therein, and the salt of weak acid of ammonium mainly be with esterification reaction process in the hydrogenchloride that produces neutralize; The mixing match amount of the salt of weak acid of ammonium and phosphorous acid ester does not relatively have strict the qualification in this mixed solution, generally with the size decision of the hydrogenchloride amount that produced in the esterification, hydrogenchloride more for a long time, the amount of the salt of weak acid of ammonium strengthens, otherwise then reduces.The salt of weak acid of ammonium is 20~50: 100 with preferred weight part ratio of phosphorous acid ester in the mixed solution, helps the hydrogenchloride in the neutralization reactant in this ratio range most.
The salt of weak acid of ammonium can be selected ammonium phosphite, ammonium acetate, ammonium formiate for use, but with ammonium phosphite for most preferably.
The salt of weak acid of ammonium also can be substituted by amine substance (as methylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine), metal oxide (as calcium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide), metal salt of weak acid (as lime carbonate, salt of wormwood, yellow soda ash) etc., and its effect is identical with effect;
The amount ratio of the salt of weak acid of ammonium and the mixed solution of phosphorous acid ester does not have strict the qualification, and is corresponding with the amount of esterification reaction product usually.Esterification reaction product is many, and the consumption of this mixed solution increases relatively, but with reach can in and hydrogenchloride accelerated reaction thing refrigerative effect.
C, be cooled to 40 ℃ below by condenser cooled resultant in the b step after, be collected in the storage tank of the salt of weak acid that is placed with ammonium and phosphorous acid ester mixed solution, and in storage tank, feed ammonia;
The mixed solution of forming by the salt of weak acid and the phosphorous acid ester of ammonium in the storage tank, the salt of weak acid of its ammonium and the weight proportion of phosphorous acid ester do not need strict control, and general with after resultant in the b step and the mixed solution effect, the pH value in the storage tank is neutrality and is as the criterion.
Ammonia in this step on the one hand and remaining hcl reaction, on the one hand with above-mentioned steps in the phosphorous acid reaction that produces.Ammonium phosphite in this step mixed solution mainly plays shock absorption, in case when feeding excessive ammonia, cause the liquid in the storage tank to be alkalescence.
The salt of weak acid of its ammonium of mixed solution of this step and the weight proportion of phosphorous acid ester are with 2~30: 100 for most preferably.Use this ratio, shock absorption the best of the salt of weak acid of ammonium.
Passing through the preferred temperature of condenser refrigerative in this step is-10 ℃-+10 ℃.Under this temperature, can further suppress the Decomposition of hydrogenchloride to phosphoric acid ester.
D, remove by filter in the above step ammonium chloride that reaction generates, obtain phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester crude product;
E, with the crude product in d step by rectifying, obtain the pure product of purified phosphorous acid ester or phosphoric acid ester.
The temperature of rectifying and pressure can be selected conventional parameter for use.
The inventive method is because in esterification reaction process, increased and used the mixed solution of forming by ammonium phosphite and phosphorous acid ester that it is cooled off, obviously accelerated cooling to resultant of reaction, weakened the Decomposition of hydrogenchloride to phosphoric acid ester, simultaneously also avoided resultant of reaction in temperature-fall period, to dissolve hydrogenchloride once more, thereby reduced the content of liquid hydrogen chloride, reduced the generation of side reaction.
The inventive method adopts the feeding ammonia to carry out depickling, thereby has avoided prior art heating in deacidification, and this step had both guaranteed that depickling was complete, had avoided the consume of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester in the deacidification again, thereby had guaranteed the yield of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester.
The inventive method is compared with original technology, and its speed of cooling and depickling speed all have significant quickening, uses this method can make the yield of (Asia) phosphoric acid ester reach 90--98%.
The inventive method adopts phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride or phosphorus thiochloride and corresponding alcohol or phenol reaction can be prepared corresponding dimethylphosphite, diethyl phosphite, the phosphorous acid diphenyl ester, triethyl-phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, the sulfenyl dimethyl phosphate, oxygen base diethyl phosphoric acid, oxygen base diphenyl phosphate, the sulfenyl trimethyl phosphite 99, the sulfenyl triethyl phosphate, the sulfenyl triphenylphosphate, oxygen base trimethyl phosphite 99, oxygen base triethyl phosphate, (Asia) phosphoric acid ester such as oxygen base triphenylphosphate.
Be described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1 preparation dimethylphosphite
Its preparation method is:
A, adopt 1.61 tons of 2.21 tons of phosphorus trichlorides and methyl alcohol, methyl alcohol put into reactor earlier, with phosphorus trichloride with 10 hours slowly input wherein carry out esterification.The hydrogenchloride and the methyl chloride of emitting in the reaction are discharged it by vacuum pump.
B, in esterification reaction process, adopt 10 tons of the mixed solutions (ammonium phosphite and phosphorous acid ester weight proportion are 30: 100) formed by ammonium phosphite and phosphorous acid ester, slowly dropped into 10 hours, the reactant in a step (this reactant includes phosphorous acid ester and hydrogenchloride) is cooled off.
When esterification, feed the mixed solution of forming by ammonium phosphite and phosphorous acid ester, this mixed solution can be to the reactant refrigerative simultaneously, ammonium phosphite and hydrogenchloride are reacted, be dissolved in the liquid, thereby effectively reduced the generation of side reaction to avoid a large amount of hydrogenchloride.
C, be after the mixture of phosphorous acid ester, ammonium chloride, phosphorous acid and remaining hydrogenchloride is cooled to 20 ℃ by condenser with cooled product in the b step, be collected in the storage tank that is placed with ammonium phosphite and phosphorous acid ester mixed solution, mixed solution is 2 tons, and the ammonium phosphite in the mixed solution and the weight proportion of phosphorous acid ester are 3: 100.Simultaneously in storage tank, feed ammonia.
Ammonia in this step on the one hand and remaining hcl reaction, on the one hand with above-mentioned steps in the phosphorous acid reaction that produces.Ammonium phosphite in this step mixed solution mainly plays shock absorption, in case when feeding excessive ammonia, cause the liquid in the storage tank to be alkalescence.
D, the ammonium chloride that produces in the above-mentioned steps is removed by filter, promptly obtain the crude product of dimethylphosphite.
E, with crude product through underpressure distillation, be 40 mmhg in 140~158 ℃, pressure, fractionation gets the pure product of dimethylphosphite.Its yield is 98%.
Embodiment 2
The preparation triphenyl phosphite
Adopt phosphorus trichloride and phenol to feed intake in 1: 3.01 in molar ratio, carry out esterification, its method steps is with embodiment 1, and the yield of triphenyl phosphite is 97%.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of method for preparing phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
A, employing phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride or phosphorus thiochloride and alcohol or phenol carry out esterification;
B, in esterification reaction process, feed the mixed solution of forming by the salt of weak acid and the phosphorous acid ester of ammonium, with it reactant in a step is cooled off;
C, cooled resultant in the b step is cooled to below 40 ℃ by condenser, is collected in the storage tank that is placed with the mixed solution of forming by the salt of weak acid and the phosphorous acid ester of ammonium, and in storage tank, feeds ammonia;
D, remove by filter in the above step ammonium chloride that reaction generates, obtain phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester crude product;
E, with the crude product in the d step by rectifying, obtain the pure product of purified phosphorous acid ester or phosphoric acid ester.
2, the method for preparing phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mixed solution that salt of weak acid and phosphorous acid ester by ammonium in the said b step are formed, and the salt of weak acid of its ammonium and the weight part ratio of phosphorous acid ester are 20~50: 100.
3, the method for preparing phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester according to claim 1, the salt of weak acid that it is characterized in that said ammonium is an ammonium phosphite.
4, the method for preparing phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mixed solution be made up of the salt of weak acid and the phosphorous acid ester of ammonium in the said c step, and the salt of weak acid of its ammonium and the weight part ratio of phosphorous acid ester are 2~30: 100.
5, the method for preparing phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that in the c step the cooled resultant of b step being cooled to-10 ℃~+ 10 ℃ by condenser.
CN 02146607 2002-10-28 2002-10-28 Method of preparing phosphite ester Expired - Lifetime CN1212326C (en)

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CN1212326C CN1212326C (en) 2005-07-27

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100374450C (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-03-12 申厚宝 Triethyl phosphite production process
CN100376589C (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-03-26 申厚宝 Trimethyl phosphite production process
CN101775033B (en) * 2010-01-19 2012-08-29 青岛大学 Preparation method of phosphite ester by using dividing wall tower reaction rectification technique
CN103224529A (en) * 2013-04-09 2013-07-31 天津市联瑞阻燃材料有限公司 Preparation method of triphenyl phosphite
CN103801400A (en) * 2014-03-07 2014-05-21 中国天辰工程有限公司 Process for synthesizing mono-phosphite metal coordination catalyst by coupling reactive distillation and magnetically-stabilized bed

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100374450C (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-03-12 申厚宝 Triethyl phosphite production process
CN100376589C (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-03-26 申厚宝 Trimethyl phosphite production process
CN101775033B (en) * 2010-01-19 2012-08-29 青岛大学 Preparation method of phosphite ester by using dividing wall tower reaction rectification technique
CN103224529A (en) * 2013-04-09 2013-07-31 天津市联瑞阻燃材料有限公司 Preparation method of triphenyl phosphite
CN103801400A (en) * 2014-03-07 2014-05-21 中国天辰工程有限公司 Process for synthesizing mono-phosphite metal coordination catalyst by coupling reactive distillation and magnetically-stabilized bed
CN103801400B (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-12-02 中国天辰工程有限公司 A kind of reactive distillation synthesizes the technique of single phosphite ester Metal complex catalysts with magnetic stablizing bed coupling

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